Glacijalna Morfologija Komova MILIVOJEVIC 2004

K BULLETIN OF THE SERBIAN GEOGRAPHICALSOCIETY 2004. LXXXIV - . 2 YEAR 2004 TOME LXXXIV - N 2 UDC 911.2:551.32 (497.16) : . a., . . . e . : , , , Abstract: The paper presents the glacial relief on Mt.Komovi in Montenegro. The most common are the macro-glacialforms,whicharethebestpreservedcirquesandmorraines.Bytheanalysisoftopographicmapsand surveyinthefield,thesituation,orientationandmorphometricdataontheseformsaregiven.Theanalysisof impact of exposures on the cirque bottom elevation is given. Furthermore, the level of preservation of glacial relief forms, depending on geological settings, is analysed. Finally, there is the reconstruction of Pleistocene snow line elevation and spread of glaciation. Key words: glaciation, cirque, morraine, Mt.Komovi ,. (5 km) . ,. ,(1573m), . . . (. ,1913),. . , ., (, . , 1899) , (. , 1981). , .

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Judging by presently preserved morraines, all points to the conclusion thatthoseweretheglaciersofcirquetype.However,duetothegeologicalcompositionofthearea,thecirques werepreservedonlyinlimestones,whileonschistsalltraces of former morphology are washed away by strong denudation.Thematerialwasfurthertransportedbyfluvialerosion.Allpresentremainsofcirquesarein limestones,whileonlytheglacierfromthecirquebelowthepeakSuvovrhhaderodedthelimestonestothe shistosebase.ThesamehappenedatthebottomoftheLjubancirque.Thesearetheonlytwocirquesthathave small lakes at the bottoms.Morrainematerialonschistsispreservedonlybelowtwocirques.Thatisthecirqueonthelocation Boikistrug,whosefrontmorraineexceedsfor300mthecontactlinebetweenlimestonesandschists.The second case is the destroyed front morraine next to Varde, which is also deposited over schists. Both morraines are preserved thanks to tree roots of the overgrowing wood. Furthermore, inclinations of the slopes on both locations rapidly decrease from 25 in the upper part to 10 in the lower part, so the intensity of the erosion is decreased as well.Since these morraines have covered the schists to the elevation of 1600 m, and lower, we can conclude by comparation that a great valley glacier had originated from the great cirques Meukomlje, Carine and Rogam. Its front and lateral morraines have been washed away by water in the post-glacial period.SnowlineduringtheWurmglacialwasdeducedfromthelowestpointofthecirquebottoms.Inthe northern part of the mountain, it is at 1700 m a.s.l, while on the southern part, the elevation of snow line was 100 m higher (1900 m a.s.l, Carine cirque). On Mt.Komovi, it is difficult to check whether the snow line was lower, because in the lower area there are no traces which could point to that. With this snow line, the surface covered with permanent snow was all above the contour of 1800 m elevation, which means 17,1 square kilometer.Suchquantityofsnow,whichwasfillingthecirquesinavalanches,shouldhavebeenenoughfor formationofpowerfulglaciers,whichhadreachedmuchlongerdistancesthanitispossibletoconcludetoday, judging by the remaining glacial material.On the whole area of Mt.Komovi, there is one morraine situated on the top of a narrow ridge stretching northwards, which is at first glance impossible to explain. The ridge is parallel to Ljuban ridge, and situated 1 km to the west. The elevation in the highest part of the morraine is 1780 m. On the western side of the morraine, the Crnjariverhavecutavalley250mdeep,thatstartsimmediatelybelowtheRogamcirque.Rightsideofthe Rogam cirque is an escarpment with big screes, and it extends northwards on the length of 2 km. On its end there is a ridge with the mentioned big lateral morraine.This means that, during the Pleistocene, Crnja river still had not incised a deep valley. In that time, it was a course of the glacier that was coming out of the Rogam cirque. The glacier was quite powerful, minimally 100mthick.Itdepositedthisrightlateralmorraineontheridge,whileothermaterialwaseroded,aswellas elsewhere on Mt.Komovi. This morraine belongs to the most intensive period of the last glacial. Based on this, we canconcludethatthesameprocesstookplaceinthecirquesCarineandMeukomlje.Bythedimensionsand morphology, the latter had the biggest glacier on Mt.Komovi. GeneralestimationisthatonMt.Komovitheglaciationwasmuchstrongerthanitispossibleto reconstructonthebasisofaccumulativeglacialforms,whichareeasilywashedawaybystrongerosion.Such glaciationcanbecorrelatedwiththeglaciationofPlaninica,Mojan,andespeciallyirokarandKotica.These werestudiedbyCviji,andaresituatedfurthertothesouthfromMt.Komovi,onMt.Prokletije,attheborder between Montenegro and Albania.