Introo_4-9-2012

Dr. Ir Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik DEADr. Ir. Djoko M. Hartono SE., M.Eng.

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan lingkupbidang teknik lingkungan serta faktorlingkungan lain yang mempengaruhinya.

Silabus

Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menjelaskan (1) pengertian dan kode Etik, (2) konseplingkungan, (3) Keseimbangan metarial danenergi, (4) kualitas dan kuantitas, (5) pengolahan air minum, (6) pengolahan limbahcair, (7) pencemaran udara, (8) kebisingan, (9) Pengelolaan limbah padat, (10) Pengelolaanlimbah berbahaya , (11) Perencanaanperkotaan dalam teknik lingkungan, (12) hubungan sanitasi dengan kesehatanmasyarakat, (13) peraturan-peraturan

Buku Ajar

Introduction to EnvironmentalEngineering, Mackenzie L. Davis and DavidA. Cornwell.

Environmental Engineering, Howard S.Peavy, Donald R. Rowe, GeorgeTchobanoglous.

Introduction to EnvironmentalEngineering and Science, Gilbert M.Masters,Wendell P.Ela

Metoda Pembelajaran

Tatap muka dan diskusi Kerja kelompok Kerja mandiri Survey lapangan Presentasi

Sistem Penilaian

UTS: 35% UAS: 35% Tugas Rangkuman: 10% Tugas perhitungan/teori/quiz: 20%

Tugas Mahasiswa

Rangkuman kuliah: Mahasiswa membacabahan kuliah sesuai dengan bab yangdibahas dan membuat rangkuman kuliahyang diserahkan seminggu setelah kuliah

Tugas perhitungan dan teori diberikanoleh masing-masing pengajar sesuaidengan bab yang diberikan oleh yangmengajar

What is Engineering ?

Engineering is a profession that applies mathematics and science to utilize the properties of matter and sources to create useful structures, machines, products, systems and processes

EED of the ASCE Environmental Engineering is manifest by sound engineering

thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation, notably the provision of safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies, the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes, the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation, and the control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution, and the social and environmental impact of these solution. Furthermore it is concerned with engineering problems in the field of public health, such as control of arthropod-borne diseases, the elimination of industrial health hazard and the provision of adequate sanitation in urban, rural, and recreational areas, and the effect of technological advances on the environment (ASCE, 1977)

An Environmental Code Ethics1. Use knowledge and skill for the

enhancement and protection of the environment

2. Hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the environment

3. Perform services only in areas of personal expertise

4. Be honest and impartial in seving the public, your employer, your client and the environment

5. Issue public statemets only in an objective and truthful manner

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: POPULATION GROWTH

BEBERAPA PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN

(C) FIRDAUS ALI, 2008

MASALAH LINGKUNGAN h5n1

LIMBAH PADAT & B3

EMERGING DISEASE & PANDEMIC

AIR BERSIH & SANITASI

PENCEMARAN UDARA

PENCEMARAN AIR

PEMANASAN GLOBAL & PERUBAHAN IKLIM

KRISIS ENERGIEKSTRAKSI SUMBER

DAYA ALAM

Water, Importance, availability and renewalDjoko M. Hartono

Hydrologic Cycle Hydrologic Cycle collects, purifies, and

distributed the earth’s fixed supply of water The Water Cycle is powered by energy from

the sun and by gravity

Next

SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

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AIR

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& H

IDR

OLO

GI

Evaporation Conversion of water into water vapor Evaporation is the transformation of water from liquid

to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation.

Back

Transpiration Evaporation from leaves of water extracted from soil by

roots and transported throughout the plant

Back

Condensation Conversion of water vapor into droplets of liquid water This process produces clouds and fog

Back

PrecipitationPrecipitation is condensed water vapor that falls

to the Earth's surface. Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip, and sleet. Approximately 505 thousand km3 of water fall as

precipitation each year, 398 thousand km3 of it over the oceans.

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Infiltration and PercolationInfiltration is the flow of water from the ground

surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater. Infiltration can be great or small, depending on

the permeability of the ground. The soil of a rainforest, for instance, has so much organic matter that it is likely to be highly permeable. On the other hand, cities have large amounts of what land developers call impervious surface: roads, buildings, and other areas in which concrete and other materials prevent water from infiltrating the ground.Downward flow water through soil and

permeable rock formations to groundwater storage areas called aquifers

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Runoff Downslope surface movement back to the sea begin the

cycle again Runoff includes the variety of ways by which water

moves across the land. This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff.

As it flows, the water may infiltrate into the ground, evaporate into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses

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1.3 Resources

What is resources?Anything we get from the environment

(the earth’s life-support systems) to meet our needs and desires.

Resources are classified into :1. Renewable2. Potentially renewable3. Nonrenewable

1.3 Resources1.3.1 Renewable Resources Renewable Resources Solar Energy.

Potentially Renewable Resources Resources that can be renewed very rapidly through

natural processes. Important potentially renewable resources:

Biological Diversity or Biodiversity1. Genetic Diversity2. Species Diversity3. Ecological Diversity

1.3.2 Nonrenewable Resources

Resources that exist in a fixed quantity in the earth’s crust and thus theoretically can be completely used up.

Resources

Renewable Nonrenewable

DirectSolar

Energy

Winds,Tides,

Flowingwater

FossilFuel

MetallicMinerals

NonmetallicMineral

Potentially Renewable

Plants,animals

FertileSoil

FreshWater

Fresh air

Water Supplies are unevenly distributed

Some places get almost no precipitation, while others receive heavy rain almost daily

Iquique in Chile’s Atacama Desert no rain has fallen

Cherrapunji, India, received nearly 23 m (897 in) of rain in 1861

HIDUP DARI KRISIS AIR KE BENCANA AIR

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Water Consumption is less than withdrawal Withdrawal, is the total amount of water

taken from a lake, river, or aquifer for any purposes.

Consumption, a fraction of withdrawn that is lost in transmission, evaporation and other and unavailable for other purposesas a result of human use

Water Use

In many developing countries, 70% of all the agriculture water used is lost to leaks in irrigation canals, runoff and evaporation

Neraly half of all industrial water use is for cooling of electric power plants and other industrial facilities. Cooling water could be reused for irrigation

Distribution of World Population in 2005

Overpopulation

OverpopulationA situation of shortage of resources that is caused by population and not by other factors

Sambungan Rumah Tangga

Sambungan Langsung60 – 250 l/orang/hari

Sambungan Tidak Langsung/ Keran Umum20 – 30 l/orang/hari

Fluktuasi pemakaian Air

Waktu

PemakaianAir (l/d, m3/h)

0 6 12 18 24

100/24

Waktu

PemakaianAir

0 6 12 18 24

100/24

Problems associated with overpopulation

◦ Increased incidence of hemorrhagic fevers, HIV and other infectious diseases from crowding, disturbance of ecological systems and scarcity of available medical resources ◦ Starvation, malnutrition or poor diet with ill health

and diet-deficiency diseases (e.g. rickets)

The Problem (1)

Fresh water supplies are being depleted Use of fresh water from aquifers,

groundwater, and lakes is exceeding replenishment by rainfall

Freshwater supplies are being polluted by toxic organic and inorganic compounds

The Problem (2)

Dams supply water to some and deprive it from others and have ecological impacts

Overuse of fresh water is causing salt water intrusion of groundwater supplies

Should we remove Dams ?

Wastewater Management Subsystem

Typical variation in Daily Wastewater Flow

Air Resource Management Systems

SELESAI