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Maria João Pereira
CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa
SEMINÁRIO SOBRE "MINERAÇÃO DE ATERROS EM PORTUGAL: OPORTUNIDADE OU FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA?"
1/26/2016 Eurelco | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 1
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 3
In Portugal
Present landfills
urban waste - 32
industrial non hazardous waste - 8 + ≈ 3000 related with quarries
industrial hazardous waste - 5 (3 from mining activities)
Closed landfills
old dumpsites – 341sanitary landfills - 6abandoned mines - 197
Source: Bernardo Rafael
dejcaoceiroquinho.blogspot.com
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 4
In view of the development of a new circular economy package ELFM is
considered:
Enhanced Landfill Mining
“the safe conditioning, excavation and integrated valorization of (historic and/or future) landfilled
waste streams as both materials (Waste-to-Material) and energy (Waste-to-Energy), using innovative
transformation technologies and respecting the most stringent social and ecological criteria.”
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 5
(Enhanced) Landfill Mining within a broader Recycling strategy
6
Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) has gradually obtained more coverage and
credibility in the EU:
• Flanders: Multi-actor research consortium since 2008www.elfm.eu
• Several national research projects are running in Flanders (IWT O&O ELFM, MIP ICON PLASMAT), Wallonia, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic Region, Austria, etc.
• Construction EUROPEAN ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING Consortium in marcwww.eurelco.org
• EURELCO received EIP RMC Status
• ELFM to be part of new EIT KIC on Raw Materials
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 7
Non-technical barriers are manifest:
• Legal (e.g. Landfill Directive &Waste Framework Directive)
• Social acceptance (NIMBYISM)
• Economics (public versus private benefits)
• Resistance by several (traditional)industrial sectors
Nevertheless, acceptance of the concept and commercial
breakthrough of ELFM less straightforward than for urban mining of critical
metals
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 8
Establishmentof EURELCO
– March 11, 2014
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 11
EURELCO National ELFM Consortia
Schematic diagram of the envisaged network of national ELFM Consortium networks
CERENA (Instituto Superior Técnico – Lisbon University)
1/26/2016 Eurelco | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 12
Multidisciplinary
Integrative
Multi-scaleFunded by private companies, public institutions andFCT (UID/ECI/04028/2013)
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Mission. To be a an open, quadruple helix network that supports the required
technological, legal, social, economic, environmental and organisational innovation
with respect to Enhanced Landfill Mining withinthe context of a transition to a circular,
low carbon economy.
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 15
Enhanced Landfill Mining – transdisciplinary science
Quadruple Helix Innovation
• Government, Academia, Industry and Citizens collaborating together to drive structural changes far beyond the scope of any one organisation could achieve on it’s own
• Involve all stakeholders in quadruple helix to innovate and experiment in real world settings, in creating frictionless ecosystems
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 16
Vision. By 2020 Enhanced Landfill Mining is implemented EU wide as a key component of a resource efficient, circular andlow carbon economy. The EU’s 150.000 to 500.000 landfillsprovide for a substantial part of the EU’s material, energy
and land needs. ELFM has paved the way for breakthroughexploration, separation, transformation and upcycling
technologies that are also used for recycling/urban miningof newly produced waste and residues.
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 18
Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)
Economic benefits
• Avoidance of landfill remediation costs:0,1-1 trillion € (if ELMIRE is used for all EU-landfills)
• A new resource recovery economy, with significant short, medium and long term potential for EU SMEs in EU-27 and in the rest of the world: CH4 extraction (in situ); Organic based materials (WtM or WtE) (ex situ); Metals (ex situ); Materials for building and construction (ex situ)
• Recovery of valuable land (in situ or ex situ)
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 19
Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)
Strategic benefits
• Improve the EU’s materials autonomy through resource recovery:• Reducing pressure on primary raw materials (fossil fuels and non-energy raw materials)
• Fostering the use of secondary raw materials:
• Aggregate figure: Up to 5% of the current DMC/year for EU-27, for 25 years
• Plasmarok slag (a.o. replacement for cement clinker): 250–840 Mtonne for 25 years
• Improve the EU’s energy autonomy through resource recovery:• Contributing to the EU’s renewable energy target through accelerated CH4 uptake through in situ LFM:
7 million TOE ~3% of the EU-27 renewable energy target for 2020)
• Contributing to EU’s renewable energy target (WtE from SRF (mixed organic) from ex situ LFM: an additional 0,4-1,1 million TOE )
• Building up on more sustainable production and consumption patterns
• Founding of a world-leading European competence centre on Effective Landfill Mining
26/01/2016 EURELCO | European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 20
Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)
Health and environment• Lower the EU’s carbon footprint (benchmark with direct EU-27 CO2(eq) emissions:
4600 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year):
• Avoided CO2(eq) emissions due to in situ CH4 mining of 112 – 139 Mtonne/year;
• Avoided CO2(eq) emissions due to net carbon balance, from a full EU-27 ex situ LFM approach(versus in situ only approach, for 150.000-500.000 landfills): extra 15 - 75 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year
• With carbon sequestration techniques, this overall CO2(eq.) benefit can be significantly increased.
• Plasmarok slag replacing cement clinker: 3-11 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year
• Use of CO2 in horticulture (not addressed in ELMIRE)
• Carbon Capture and Storage or Enhanced Coal Bed Methane for WtE facility(not ELMIRE’s scope)
• Land reclamation ( >2800 - 6000 km², available for nature, urban, industrial etc. purposes)
• Avoiding human health and environmental issues in the future dueto landfill pollution problems
• Reducing environmental & health impact associated withprimary mining of energy and non-energy materials
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Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)
Social benefits
• Creation of new jobs associated with the start-up of new,SME-driven markets:
• Up to 800 FTE new jobs for the Remo landfill site (ex situ mining)
• Up to 240.000-800.000 new jobs in EU-27 (for full implementation of ELMIRE framework)
• Generation of transition management expertise relevant to other SCP domains as well
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