- 1. Ph.D., Political Science, NTU 2010.04.02 [email_address]
http://politicsvocation.blogspot.com/ 98
2.
3.
- [T]he political parties created democracy and that modern
democracy is unthinkable save in terms of the parties.
- The parties not therefore merely appendages of modern
government; they are in the center of it and play a determinative
and creative role in it.
Schattschneider 1977 1 4. Party
-
- Politics means taking sides; it ispartisan .
Heywood 1998:376 ; Mansfield 2001:3 5.
Heywood 1998 382-387 6.
-
- Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition, or theOfficial Opposition
2002 182-187 7.
- In politics, again, it is almost a commonplace, that a party of
order or stability, and a party of progress or reform, are both
necessary elements of a healthy state of political life. On Liberty
, ch.2 #47
8.
-
- I have already intimated to you the danger of parties. Let me
now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn
manner against the baleful effects of the spirit of party....
http://www.freedomfirstsociety.org/articles/articles/21/1/Not-Perfect-But-Excellent/Page1.html
9.
10.
- 1792: TheDemocratic-Republican Party foundedbyThomas
JeffersonandJames Madison
Elowitz 1995 45-49 http:// zh.wikipedia.org /wiki/ _( ) 11.
-
- Grand Old Party or the GOP
12. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/File:Democratslogo.png http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Republicanlogo.svg 13.
14.
http://www1.pu.edu.tw/~pro0801/time.html 2009 222-223 15. I
16. II
17. III
Heywood 1998 380 18. IV
19. vs. 20.
21.
Lijphjart 1993 114-117 22. Median Voter Theorem http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Median_voter_model.png 23.
Lijphart 2001: 71-74 24. 25. Lipset and Rokkan
26. Lipset and Rokkan
- Freezing thesis of the Party System
27.
28.
- IN EVERY modern democracy conflict among different groups
isexpressed through political parties which basically represent
a"democratic translation of the class struggle."
Lipset 1960:220 29.
- Laakso & Taagepera, 1979:3-27
effective number of parties Lijphart 1984 120 30. N I
- Taagepera&Grofman Formula
Lijphart 2001: 98 31.
32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 113 42. 43.
- 2002.07-2004.12, 2007.10-2008.01
44.
45.
46.
47.
- http://www.tfd.org.tw/docs/d1t1/027-040.pdf
- http://www.tfd.org.tw/docs/d3t2/03.pdf
48.
- Lijphart, Arend 1993 Ch. 7
49.
- Lijphart, Arend 1984 .Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and
Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries . New Haven: Yale
University Press.
- Lipset, Seymour Martin (1960). Political Man: The Social Bases
of Politics. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday
- Mansfield., Harvey C. (2001).A StudentS Guide to Political
Philosophy . Wilmington, Del.: Intercollegiate Studies
Institute.
- Mill, John Stuart 2001 . On Liberty. Kitchener: Batoche
Books.
- Schattschneider, Elmer Eric 1977 . Party Government. Westport,
CT.: Greenwood.