View
216
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
NUCLEIC ACIDSSBI 3C1
Nucleic Acids
Associated with genetic/hereditary information
There are 2 different types of nucleic acids:1. DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid2. RNA - Ribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
In order for life to go on for generations, organisms need to transmit genetic material to the next generation.
Chromosomes in all organisms are made up of the same chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
DNA is the hereditary material that contains all the information a cell needs to live.
Nucleotides DNA and RNA = polymers made up of
monomers called NUCLEOTIDES
Basic Structure of a Nucleotide:
Nucleotides are made up of 3 parts:
1. Sugar - deoxyribose sugar (DNA) ribose sugar (RNA)
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous base There are 4 different types of bases:
1) Adenine (A)2) Guanine (G)3) Thymine (T) - DNA / Uracil (U) - RNA4) Cytosine (C)
Structure of DNA DNA is made up of two
long nucleotide strands wound around each other like a circular staircase.
This structure is called a “double helix”
The bases of the two strands bond together forming the “stairs”.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Single stranded polymer of nucleotides
RNA is the genetic material that carries the genetic information contained in DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Complimentary Base Pairing The base-pairing is always consistent:
A – T in DNA and A – U in RNA C – G in DNA and RNA
Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) exist between the complementary base-pairs and act to hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together: A – T have 2 H bonds between them C – G have 3 H-bonds between them
DNA vs. RNACHARACTERISTIC DNA RNA
Length of molecule DNA is significantly larger - contains a lot
of genetic info
RNA is much smaller -carries info of one gene
for one protein at a time
Number of Strands 2 1
Locations found in cell Nucleus only – too large to leave it
Nucleus & cytoplasm –travels between both
as new proteins are needed
Nitrogenous Bases Used
A, T, C, G A, U, C, G
Sugar Used Deoxyribose Ribose
DNA vs.
RNA
Recommended