Syringe Needle

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ENGLISH FINAL EXAM

NAME: MUH. ICHSAN L

NIM : 10542021910

GRADUATE: 4th SEMESTER

MEDICAL FACULTY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF

MAKASSAR

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SYRINGE NEEDLE

Syringes and needles are sterile devices used to inject solutions into or

withdraw secretions from the body. A syringe is a calibrated glass or plastic

cylinder with a plunger at one and an opening that attaches to a needle. The needle

is a hollow metal tube with a pointed tip. A syringe and needle assembly is used to

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administer drugs when a small amount of fluid is to be injected; when a person

cannot take the drug by mouth; or when the drug would be destroyed by digestive

secretions. A syringe and needle may also be used to withdraw various types of

body fluids, most commonly tissue fluid from swollen joints or blood from veins.

The modern hypodermic needle was invented in 1853 by Alexander

Wood, a Scottish physician, and independently in the same year by Charles

Pravaz, a French surgeon. As of 2003, there are many different types and sizes of

syringes used for a variety of purposes. Syringe sizes may vary from 0.25 mL to

450 mL, and can be made from glass or assorted plastics. Latex-free syringes

eliminate the exposure of health care professionals and patients to allergens to

which they may be sensitive. The most common type of syringe is the piston

syringe. Pen, cartridge, and dispensing syringes are also extensively used.

One common type of syringe consists of a hollow barrel with a piston at

one end and a nozzle at the other end that connects to a needle. Other syringes

have a needle already attached. These devices are often used for subcutaneous

injections of insulin and are single-use (i.e., disposable). Syringes have markings

etched or printed on their sides, showing the graduations (i.e., in milliliters) for

accurate dispensing of drugs or removal of body fluids. Cartridge syringes are

intended for multiple uses, and are often sold in kits containing a pre-filled drug

cartridge with a needle inserted into the piston syringe. Syringes may also have

anti-needlestick features, as well as positive stops that prevent accidental pullouts.

There are three types of nozzles:

Luer-lock, which locks the needle onto the nozzle of the syringe. Slip tip, which secures the needle by compressing the slightly tapered hub

onto the syringe nozzle.

Eccentric, which secures with a connection that is almost flush with theside of the syringe.

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A hypodermic needle is a hollow metal tube, usually made of stainless steel and

sharpened at one end. It has a female connection at one end that fits into the male

connection of a syringe or intravascular administration set. The size of the

diameter of the needle ranges from the largest gauge (13) to the smallest (27). The

length of the needle ranges from 3.5 inches (8 cm) for the 13-gauge to 0.25 inch

(0.6 cm) for the 27-gauge. The needle consists of a hub with a female connection

at one end that attaches to the syringe. The bevel, which is a slanted opening on

one side of the needle tip, is located at the other end. Needles are almost always

disposable. Reusable needle assemblies are available for home use.

Syringes and needles are used for injecting or withdrawing fluids from a

person. The most common procedure for removing fluids is venipuncture or

drawing blood from a vein. In this procedure, the syringe and a needle of the

proper size are used with a vacutainer. A vacutainer is a tube with a rubber top

from which air has been removed. Fluids enter the container without pressure

applied by the person withdrawing the blood. A vacutainer is used to collect blood

as it is drawn. The syringe and needle can be left in place while the health care

provider changes the vacutainer, allowing for multiple samples to be drawn during

a single procedure.

Fluids can be injected by intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection,

intramuscular injection, or Z-track injection. For all types of injections, the size of

syringe should be chosen based on the amount of fluid being delivered; the gauge

and length of needle should be chosen based on the size of the patient and type of

medication. A needle with a larger gauge may be chosen for drawing up the

medication into the syringe, and a smaller-gauge needle used to replace the larger

one for administering the injection. Proper procedures for infection control should

be strictly followed for all injections.

Syringes are generally classified as Luer-Lok or non-Luer-Lok syringes.

This classification is based on the type of syringe tip. Luer-Lok syringes have tips

that require needles that can be twisted and locked into place. This design

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prevents the needle from accidentally slipping off the syringe. Non-Luer-Lok

syringes have tips that require needles that can be pressed on to the tip of the

syringe without being twisted into place.

Insulin Syringe

Insulin syringes are small in size, they hold between 0.3 and 1 ml of

medication. These needles are not calibrated in milliliters, they are calibrated in

units. Most insulin syringes are calibrated up to 100 units. Insulin syringes are

designed for self-injection and are used to give subcutaneous injections.

Tuberculin Syringe

Tuberculin syringes are used for tuberculosis testing. The fluid they

contain is injected right into the skin. This syringe is small and is calibrated in

milliliters. It has a long, thin barrel with a preattached needle. The tuberculin

syringe can hold up to 1 ml of fluid. Even though this syringe is small, it cannot

be used to give insulin.

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Gather everything you need. When using a syringe, there are several thingsyou must have at your disposal: cotton balls, rubbing alcohol, a syringe

and a medically approved syringed disposal case. Gather all of these

products and have them ready prior to using the syringe. This will make

the process smoother.

2. Prep the area. When you inject medicine into your skin via a syringe, youare a creating a tiny open wound. In order to minimize the possibility of

infection, wash your hands with an antibacterial soap and use a towel to

dry your hands off. Soak a cotton ball with rubbing alcohol and rub it over

the intended injection area. Allow the alcohol to dry.

3. Prep the syringe. Once the area is sterilized, it's time to prep the syringe.Remove the cap from the end of the syringe and toss it in the garbage.

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Take the needle cap off the syringe and keep it close by. Once the cap is

removed, pull the loading piece of the syringe as far as you can without

removing it. This will fill the syringe reservoir up with air and prep the

syringe for the next step.

4. Load the syringe. Once the syringe is filled up with air you are ready tomove on. Insert the needle of the syringe into the foam part of the vial

containing the medicine you will be injecting. Once the needle is fully

inserted, slowly release the air that is stored inside the syringe into the vial.

You will notice this will create bubbles. Once you have fully released all

of the air, slowly pull the loading piece back and load the syringe with

medicine. It is important to do this slowly so you do not get air bubbles

inside the syringe. Once you have fully loaded the syringe, remove it from

the vial and continue to the next step.

5. Give yourself the injection. Take a deep breath and relax. Count to 10 andinsert the needle into your skin. Slowly release the medicine into your

body. Do not do this too fast or you will encounter burning and irritation at

the injection site. Once you have injected all of the medicine, remove the

syringe. Put the cap back on the syringe and immediately dispose of it in

the syringe disposal case.