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The brain stem. The brain. Telencephalon 端脑 Diencephalon 间脑 Cerebellum 小脑 Brain stem 脑干. The brain stem 脑干. Consists of Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata 延髓. Medulla oblongata 延髓. Ventral surface Pyramid 锥体 : contain pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract ) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The brain stem
The brain
Telencephalon 端脑 Diencephalon 间脑 Cerebellum 小脑 Brain stem 脑干
The brain stem 脑干
Consists of Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata
延髓
Medulla oblongata 延髓 Ventral surface Pyramid 锥体 : contain pyrami
dal tract (corticospinal tract) Decussation of pyramid 锥体
交叉 : formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal tract
Olive 橄榄 : produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus
Anterolateral sulcus 前外侧沟 : rootlets of hypoglossal nerve emerge from it
Retroolivary sulcus 橄榄后沟 : rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it
Medulla oblongata 延髓Dorsal surface Lower portion
Gracile tubercle 薄束结节 : produ
ced by underlying gracile nucleus Cuneate tubercle 楔束结节 : mar
ks the site of cuneate nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle
小脑下脚 Obex 闩
Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa
Pons 脑桥Ventral surface Basilar part 基底部 Basilar sulcus 基底沟 Bulbopontine sulcus
延髓脑桥沟 : from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appear
Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚
Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经 Pontocerebellar trigone
脑桥小脑三角 : the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum
Pons 脑桥
Dorsal surface Superior cerebellar pedu
ncle 小脑上脚 Superior medullary velu
m 前髓帆 Trochlear nerve 滑车神经
Midbrain 中脑
Ventral surface Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa
脚间窝 oculomotor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebri
Posterior perforated substance 后穿质
Midbrain 中脑
Dorsal surface Superior colliculus 上
丘 constitute centers for visual reflexes
Inferior colliculus 下丘associated with auditory pathway
Brachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂
Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Position Situated ventral to
cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Boundaries Inferolateral: gracile an
d cuneate tubercles, inferior cerebellar peduncle
Superolateral: superior cerebellar peduncle
Lateral recess
Features Median sulcus 正中沟 Sulcus limitans 界沟 Vestibular area 前庭区 overli
es vestibular nuclei
Acoustic tubercle 听结节 ov
erlying dorsal cochlear nucleus
Medial eminence 内侧隆起 Striae medullares 髓纹
Facial colliculus 面神经丘 : overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nerve
Hypoglossal triangle 舌下神经三角 : verlying hypoglo
ssal nucleus Vagal triangle 迷走神经三角 :
overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
Funiculus separans 分隔索
Area postrema 最后区 Locus ceruleus 蓝斑
Roof Anterior part: formed by superi
or cerebellar peduncle and superior medullary velum
Posterior part: formed by inferior medullary velum and choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
Three apertures Median aperture of fourth ve
ntricle 第四脑室正中孔 Two lateral apertures of fourt
h ventricle 第四脑室外侧孔
Tela choroidea and choroid plexus脉络丛和脉络组织
Internal structures
Gray matter Cranial nerve nuclei Relay nuclei
General somatic motor nuclei 一般躯体运动核 Nucleus of oculomotor n.
动眼神经核 Nucleus of trochlear n.
滑车神经核 Nucleus of abducent n.
展神经核 Nucleus of hypoglossal n.
舌下神经核
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Nucleus of
Oculomotor n.
Midbrain Ⅲ Supreior, inferior,and medial recti, inf. obliquus, levator palpebrae superioris
Nucleus oftrochlear n.
Midbrain Ⅳ Superior obliquus
Nucleus of abducent n.
Pons Ⅵ Lateral rectus
Nucleus of hypoglossal n.
Medulla Ⅻ Muscles of tongue
General somatic motor nuclei
Special visceral motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核 Motor nucleus of trigeminal n.
三叉神经运动核 Nucleus of facial n.
面神经核 Nucleus ambiguus
疑核 Accessory nucleus
副神经核
Special visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Motor nucleus of trigeminal n.
Pons Ⅴ Masticatory muscles
Nucleus of facial n.
Pons Ⅶ Facial m., platysma, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
Nucleus ambiguus Medulla Ⅸ, .Ⅹ Ⅺ Skeletal m. of pharynx, larynx and upper part of esophagus
Accessory nucleus Medulla-cervical cord
Ⅺ Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
General visceral motor nuclei 一般内脏运动核 Accessory oculomoto
r nucleus 动眼神经副核 Superior salivatory nu
cleus 上泌涎核 Inferior salivertory nu
cleus 下泌涎核 Dorsal nucleus of vag
us n. 迷走神经背核
General visceral motor nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n.
Function
Accessory oculomotor nucleus
Midbrain Ⅲ Sphincter pupillae and ciliary m.
Superior salivatory nucleus
Pons Ⅶ Submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands
Inferior salivertory nucleus
Medulla Ⅸ Parotid gland
Dorsal nucleus of vagus n.
medulla Ⅹ Many cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera
Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special ) Nucleus of solitary tract
孤束核
Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special )
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Nucleus of solitary tract
Medulla Ⅶ, ,Ⅸ Ⅹ Taste and visceral sensation
General somatic sensory nuclei
Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经中脑核
Pontine nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经脑桥核
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经脊束核
General somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n.
Midbrain Ⅴ Proprioception of head
Pontine nucleus of trigeminal n.
Pons Ⅴ Tactile sensation of head
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.
Medulla Ⅴ Pain and temperature sense of head
Special somatic sensory nuclei
Cochlear nuclei 蜗神经核
Vestibular nuclei 前庭神经核
Special somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus Site Cranial n. Function
Cochlear nuclei
Pons and medulla
Ⅷ Sense of hearing
Vestibular nuclei
Pons and medulla
Ⅷ Sense of equilibrium
Gracile nucleus 薄束核 Cuneate nucleus 楔束核 Inferior olivary nucleus
下橄榄核 Superior olivery nucleus
上橄榄核 Pontine nucleus 脑桥核 Nucleus of inferior colliculus
下丘核 Gray matter layers of superi
or colliculus 上丘灰质层
Red nucleus 红核 Substantia nigra 黑质 Pretectal area 顶盖前区
Relay nuclei 传导中继核
Non-cranial nerve nuclei Nucleus Site
Gracile nucleus Medulla (underneath gracile tubercle)
Cuneate nucleus Medulla (underneath cuneate tubercle)
Superior olivery nucleus Pons
Pontine nucleus pons
Nucleus of inferior colliculus Midbrain
Gray matter layers of superior colliculus
Midbrain
Red nucleus Midbrain
Substantia nigra Midbrain
Pretectal area Midbrain
White matter
Ascending tracts Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系 Spinal lemniscus 脊髓丘系 Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系 Lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系
Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系
Spinal lemniscus
脊髓丘系
Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系
Descending tracts
Corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束
Rubrospinal tract 红核脊髓束
Tectospinal tract 顶盖脊髓束 Vestibulospinal tract
前庭脊髓束 Reticulospinal tract
网状脊髓束
Lateral lemniscus
外侧丘系
Reticular formation of brain stem Ascending reticular a
ctivating system (ARAS) 上行网状激动系统
Motor central and vital centres Reticulospinal tract Cardiovascular center an
d respiratory center Serotonergic rapheal
nuclei
The characters of internal structure of
brain stem
Medulla oblongataLower part (closed part) Two decussations–
Decussations of medial lemniscus Decussations of pyramid
Medulla oblongata
Upper part (open part) Appearance of inferior oliv
ary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle
Enlargement of central canal to form the fourth ventricle floor
Pons Tegmentum of pons 脑桥被盖
directed upward continuation of medulla oblongata
Basilar part 基底部 contain both longitudinal and transv
erse fibers intermixed with pontine nuclei
Midbrain Rectum of midbrain 中脑顶
盖 : includes superior and inferior colliculi
Cerebral peduncle 大脑脚 Tegmentum 被盖 :
contain ascending tracts, central gray matter, recticular formation and so on Substentia nigra 黑质 Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 :
Pyramidal tract 锥体束- middle three-fifths of the crus:
Frontopontine tract 额桥束 medial one-fifth:
pariatotempopontine tract 顶颞桥束 lateral one-fifth
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