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PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI
TI-2408 PERENCANAAN & PENGENDALIAN PRODUKSIPenjadwalan Tenaga Kerja
SISTEM PERENCANAAN PRODUKSIAggregate Planning
Master Production Schedule
Material Requirements Planning
Planned Order Release
Production Scheduling Staffing Facility with People
KARAKTERISTIK PERENCANAAN TENAGA KERJA Characteristics:
Demand tends to fluctuate widely in the short term and to occur seven days a week
Human effort cannot be inventoried Customer convenience is critical
Steps to solve the problem: Identify the services to be provided Determine the average time required for each service Forecast the demand for each service over the seven day period
and for the staffs Smooth out the staffing needs
TERMINOLOGI Demand: the number of people needed during some periods to
provide a predefined level of service. A weekly demand forecast is the number of people to be employed during each day of the week
Shift: (1) the time of a day when a person begins work and takes a rest and breaks
during the day. Example: Shift 5 starts at 08:00 with 15 minutes off at 10:00 and 14:00, and lunch from 12:15 to 12:45
(2) the set of days during a given week when a person will be expected at work. Example: Shift 5 is Monday through Friday, with Saturday and Sunday off
Schedule: the set of shifts that satisfies the demand criteria at minimum labor cost
SHIFT SCHEDULING - EXAMPLE Kondisi Sistem :
Dibutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 28 orang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga kerja satu minggu.
Setiap pekerja individu diinginkan bekerja selama 5 hari dalam satu minggu, dengan begitu dibutuhkan 6 shift (6 individu) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan 28 tenaga kerja (28/5).
Gambar 1 menunjukkan contoh forecast kebutuhan tenaga kerja sederhana dan solusi jadwal shift yang dapat diterapkan.
Setiap pekerja di set bekerja 5 hari seminggu dan masing-masing memiliki 2 hari libur berurutan dalam 1 minggu
Solusi ini mengandung overstaffing pada Tuesday dan Friday, akan tetapi sudah merupakan solusi optimal karena melibatkan 6 orang pekerja yang merupakan jumlah minimum yang masih feasible.
Sun Mon Tue Wed
Thu Fri Sat Shift #1 Shift #2 Shift #3 Shift #4 Shift #5 Shift #6 Sum
Staff 2 4 5 5 5 5 4 30Demand 2 4 4 5 5 4 4 28Overstaff 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
Gambar 1
ALGORITMA SHIFT SCHEDULING Algoritma Tibrewala, Philippe, and Browne
(TPB) Algoritma Monroe
Contoh Soal Diketahui hasil peramalan kebutuhan tenaga kerja dalam
satu minggu adalah sebagai berikut :
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
4 8 7 7 7 7 6 Demand Forecast
Diinginkan sebuah jadwal yang melibatkan jumlah tenaga kerja yang optimal dengan syarat sebagai berikut : Setiap pekerja hanya bekerja 5 hari per minggu Setiap pekerja diusahakan mendapat dua hari libur berurutan
dalam satu minggu.
ALGORITMA TPB Step 1: Working from the largest manpower-need day to
the second largest and so forth, do the following. Place all days with the same manpower need on the schedule until a unique two-consecutive-days off period appears. If a tie exists, go to Step 2.
Step 2: If two identical two-days-off periods occur, select the pair with the smallest requirements on adjacent days. If the tie cannot be broken, go to Step 3.
Step 3: Select the most reasonable pair; for example, the one that has a Saturday/Sunday off or the first pair in the week
PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMATPB (1)
Step 1: Mulai dari hari yang membutuhkan jumlah tenaga kerja terbesar, kedua terbesar, dan selanjutnya lakukan hal berikut : Place all days with the same manpower need on the schedule until a unique
two-consecutive-days off period appears. If a tie exists, go to Step 2.
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
4 8 7 7 7 7 6 Demand Forecast
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 1
4 7 6 6 6 6 6
-1 ? ? ? ? ? a tie exist
Step 2: If two identical two-days-off periods occur, select the pair with the smallest requirements on adjacent days. If the tie cannot be broken, go to Step 3.
PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMATPB (2)
Step 3: Select the most reasonable two-days-off pair; for example, the one that has a Saturday/Sunday off or the first pair in the week.
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
4 8 7 7 7 7 6 Demand Forecast
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 1
4 7 6 6 6 6 6
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 2
4 6 5 5 5 5 6
-1 ? ? ? ? -1 a tie exist
PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMATPB (3)
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
4 8 7 7 7 7 6 Demand Forecast
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 1
4 7 6 6 6 6 6
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 2
4 6 5 5 5 5 6
-1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 Shift 3
3 5 5 5 4 4 5
-1 -1 -1 ? ? -1 a tie exist
Step 3: Select the most reasonable two-days-off pair, in this case Thu/Fri
PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMATPB (4)
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
4 8 7 7 7 7 6 Demand Forecast
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 1
4 7 6 6 6 6 6
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 2
4 6 5 5 5 5 6
-1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 Shift 3
3 5 5 5 4 4 5
-1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 Shift 4
2 4 4 4 4 4 4
? ? ? ? ? ? a tie exist
Step 3: Select the most reasonable two-days-off pair, in this case Sat/Sun
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
3 5 5 5 4 4 5
-1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 Shift 4
2 4 4 4 4 4 4
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 5
2 3 3 3 3 3 4
0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Shift 6
2 3 2 2 2 2 3
-1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 Shift 7
1 2 2 2 1 1 2
-1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 Shift 8
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 Shift 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Shift 10
0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0
ALGORITMATPB (5)
Demand Total 46
Individual Requirement 46/5 = 9,2 Individu = 10
Solusi :
4 Shift dengan SAT/SUN OFF
2 Shift dengan SUN/MON OFF
2 Shift dengan TUE/WED OFF
2 Shift dengan THUR/FRI OFF
PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMA TPB (6)
SOLUSI
LATIHAN Sebuah perusahaan Call Center ingin menyusun jadwal
shift para pegawainya dalam seminggu. Hasil peramalan terhadap permintaan jasa menghasilkan estimasi kebutuhan jumlah tenaga kerja setiap harinya sbb :
Hari Senin Selasa Rabu Kamis Jumat Sabtu Minggu
Kebutuhan 8 6 7 8 4 6 5
Susun jadwal shift pekerja jika perusahaan ingin agar setiap pegawainya bekerja 5 hari dan memiliki libur 2 hari berurutan dalam seminggu.
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