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The Lymphatic System
• Network of lymphatic vessels • Carries lymph towards heart • Original word Latin: Lympha
meaning water • Part of the circulatory system • Vital part of the immune
system
Low Immunity
Low Immunity
Circulatory system Transports nutrients, O2, CO2, Hormones
& blood cells to & from the cells
Provides nourishment
Helps fighting diseases
Stabilizes temperature & ph
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
Processes av 20 liters through capillary filtration
Removes plasma leaving blood cells
17 liters reabsorbed in the blood vessels
3 liters remain in interstitial fluid
Circulatory System
Blood not in direct contact with tissues & functional units of organs
Plasma does come in direct contact
Plasma: Colorless liquid part of blood
Lymphatic system provides accessory return route
Lymphatics
Blood Circulation
Lymph Circulation
Lymphatic circulation
Lymph drainage
Lymph Drainage
The lymphatic system consists of
Lymphatic organs
A conducting network of lymphatic vessels and
The circulating lymph
Associated Organs
Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus & Bone Marrow
Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph nodes & spleen
Lymphoid tissue in digestive system
Lymphoid tissue producing lymphocytes
Tonsils Collection of lymphoid tissue
4 types, commonly refers to palatine
tonsils
First line of defense against ingested or inhaled pathogens
Produce T cells or T lymphocytes
Tonsils
Lymphoid Tissue Thymus:
T Lymphocytes mature here Increases in size from birth to puberty Regresses thereafter
Spleen: Produces immune response
Spleen stores RBCs & lymphocytes
Lymph Nodes Organized collection of lymphoid tissue
Lymph passes through it on the way to
heart
500-600 lymph nodes
In clusters & commonly in the neck, groin, arm pits & abdominal areas
Lymph nodes distribution
Lymph nodes distribution
Three main functions of LS
Homeostasis
Part of the body's immune system
Facilitates absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive system
Peyer’s Patches
Organized lymphoid follicles (Approx 100)
Appearance similar to lymph nodes
More at lower end of small intestine
Large variations in size, shape etc
Peyer’s Patches
Peyer’s Patches
Function Immune surveillance
G I tract prone to pathogenic
organisms
Similar to tonsils for the RS
Trap & destroy foreign particles
Lacteal
Lymphatic capillary
Absorbs dietary fats in the small intestine
Lacteals merge, form lymphatic vessels
Transport chyle to the thoracic duct
Lacteals
Cysterna chyli Dilated sac at the lower end of the
thoracic duct
Lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow
It receives fatty chyle from the intestines
Cysterna chyli
Forms the beginning of thoracic duct
at the 12th thoracic vertebra
Delivers lymph into the base of the subclavian vein
Cysterna chyli
Some more facts about LS
Lymph similar to blood plasma
Contains lymphocytes & other WBCs
Contains waste products & cellular debris
Contains bacteria & proteins
Immunity
Defense mechanism to fight Infection Disease or Other unwanted biological invasion
Adequate tolerance
To avoid allergy & Autoimmune diseases
Immunity Innate or Inborn
Passive Natural Adaptive Active Passive Artificial Active
Immunity
Health a physical state where self is spared immunologically
What is foreign is eliminated
Disease a physical state where self is not spared
What is foreign is not eliminated
Immunity
Non specific: Natural barriers e.g.
skin Highly specific: e.g. Response of
antibodies
Non specific response
Chemical barriers e.g. tears
Inflammatory response e.g. after injury
Interferons: Release of proteins after viral attack
Specific response
Antigens Bacteria Toxins Malignant cells Foreign tissue
Antibody Substances released in the body in
response to antigens
White Blood Cells/Leucocytes Cells of the immune system
Produced & derived in bone marrow
Found in blood & lymphatic system
Have nucleus unlike RBCs &
platelets
Granulocytes
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes Varying shapes of nucleus
Agranulocytes
Mononuclear Leucocytes One lobed nucleus
White Blood Cells
Neutrophil: 60-70%
Defend against bacterial & fungal infection
Eosinophil: 2-4% Rise in allergies (e.g. asthma), parasitic infection
etc Few in blood but plenty in respiratory & lower
urinary tract
Basophil: 0.5% Release histamine & heparin
Lymphocyte:
More common in lymphatic system than in blood
B lymphocytes make antibodies & destroy pathogens
T lymphocytes help B cells recognize the invader & make antibodies
Monocyte:
Largest of the WBCs
Share phagocytosis with neutrophils
Once out of the blood stream into the body tissues, they are known as macrophages
Immunity
Adequate biological defenses to fight
Infection/Disease Unwanted biological invasion
Adequate tolerance to
Avoid allergy & Autoimmune disorders
Systems affecting Immune
System
Circulatory System Respiratory System Endocrine System Autonomous Nervous System Digestive System Musculoskeletal System
Role Of Yoga Stress plays a big role
Yoga known to reduce stress
Various Yoga practices release endorphins
(Natural pain killers) With regular Yoga practice endurance rises
Lymphatic System & Yoga
Jal Neti, Kapaal bhaati
Asanas
Pranayama
Uddiyaan
Agnisaar
Benefits of Jal Neti
Jal Neti
Musculoskeletal System
Circulatory System
Respiratoty System
Peyer’s Patches
Endocrine System
Autonomous Nervous System
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Lacteal Lymphatic capillary Absorbs dietary fat from villi of small
intestine Triglycerides synthesized to form chyle Chyle is a milky substance Lacteals merge, form larger lymphatic
vessels Transport chyle to thoracic duct
Types Of Immunity
Innate or natural
Subdivided into Non specific &
Specific
Types Of Immunity
Adaptive Immunity Subdivided into Natural
Passive (Maternal) & Active (Infection)
Adaptive Immunity
Subdivided into Artificial Immunity Passive (Antibody transfer) & Active (Immunization)
Peyer’s Patches
Lymph drainage
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