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2011 版 紧紧紧紧 紧紧紧 紧紧紧紧紧紧 800-8306390 800-8306395 400-0687188 0755-82940718 [email protected] China Used Car Industry Market Demand Forecast and Investment Strategy Planning Report, 2013- 2017 No comprehensive trend forecast, no gain. (Help you to discover the unsatisfied market need of Used Car Industry, and explicit the development trend and prospect.)

China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

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Page 1: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

2011紧固

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前 瞻 服 务 热 线 : 800-8306390 800-8306395 400-0687188 传 真 : 0755-82940718 [email protected]

China Used Car Industry Market Demand Forecast and Investment

Strategy Planning Report, 2013-2017No comprehensive trend forecast, no gain.

(Help you to discover the unsatisfied market need of Used Car Industry, and explicit the

development trend and prospect.)

Page 2: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017
Page 3: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

Preface

As an important part of automobile market, the used cars work as an essential part in automobile circulation

industry since the cultivation and development of used cars directly affect the development of the whole

automobile market. Along with the constant decreasing price of new automobiles and narrowing profit

margin of finished automobile, the used car market is gradually become the new growing point of automobile

industry.

Competition of Used Car Industry is more and more fierce. In the meantime, merger and capital operation

among large used car corporations are ever frequent. And the outstanding used car corporations in China are

placing more importance on the research of the industry market, especially the depth research of industry

development environment and customers. Accordingly, many splendid domestic corporations are springing up

and become leaders in used car industry gradually!

Basing on the market data of Used Car market, which tracked and collected by Forward in long-term, and

applying the international scientific analysis model, this report provides you an overall analysis system in the

height of the whole industry comprehensively and accurately. Major contents of this report include the

following aspects about industrial used car industry: development environment of China used car market;

development status and experiences of oversea Used Car market; development status of China used car

market; significant regions of used car market and operation status of the corporations; investment and

financing analysis and prospect forecast of used car market. Meanwhile, the comprehensive and detailed data

about nonwoven industry in current 5 years is contained. In this way, it will help you to maintain the market

trend and industry development comprehensively and accurately.

The most significant features of this report are perceptiveness and timeliness. It gives a prudent analysis and

forecast of used car industry according to the industry development track and Forward’s years of practical

experience. In conclusion, it is a significant report to learn about the latest development trend, grab market

opportunities, and make correct marketing decision and explicit corporations’ development trend for all used

car corporations, R&D institutes, marketing corporations and Investment corporations. Besides, it is the first

heavyweight report to give a comprehensive and systematic analysis about the upstream and downstream

industrial chain, as well as key corporations in used car industry.

This report is useful for used car corporations, R&D institutes, marketing corporations and Investment

corporations for the following reasons: it will help them to accurately know the latest development trend and

timely discover the market gaps, opportunities, growth points and profit points of industrial textile industry;

it will assist them to grasp the unmet market demand and development trend prospectively, form the

sustainable advantages, avoid the investment risks effectively, consolidate or expand relevant strategic target

markets more efficiently, and firmly grasp the competition initiative.

Here, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to China Automobile Dealers Association , State

Information Center, Bureau of Statistics of China, International Information Research Institute, General

Administration of Customs, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Tsinghua

University Library, Development Research Center of the State Council, for their great support when we

conduct this report!

Notice: All the market data, especially corporations' ranking data in the report, only for business reference.

Page 4: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

Please do not take the data for enterprise publicity. Thank you! Or Forward shall not take any responsibility

for any consequences!

Special Notes: Neglecting the subtle signals of dramatically changing external environment, and untimely

update strategies along with the changing environment will lead to the loss of competition advantages. The

successful corporations will keep a scientific analysis upon the external environment before making their

significant operational strategies!

Forward Business Intelligence sincerely wishes every ambitious corporation can make a significant

operational strategy, effectively avoid the industry risks and gain the continuous success!

Forward Business Intelligence Co., Ltd. Industry Research Center

Research Team of Used Car Industry

Page 5: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

CONTENTS

Chapter I:Development Overview of China Used Car Market

1.1 Overview of Used Car Market

1.1.1 Concept of Used Car Market

1.1.2 Characteristics of Used Car Market

1.1.3 Trading Ways of Used Car

1.1.4 Functions of Used Car Trading

1.2 SWOT Analysis of the Development of Used Car Market

1.2.1 Strength of Used Car Market

1.2.2 Weakness of Used Car Market

1.2.3 Opportunity of Used Car Market

1.2.4 Threat of Used Car Market

1.3 Honesty Crisis of Used Car Trading

1.3.1 Automobile Information Asymmetry

1.3.2 Evaluation of Automobile Price

1.3.3 Credit and Loan Problems of Used Car

1.3.4 Factors of Trading Operators

1.3.5 After-sales Service of Used Car

1.4 Development Environment of Used Car Market

1.4.1 Policy Environment of Used Car Market

(1) Interpretation of the Policy and Regulations Relate to Used Car

(2) Interpretation of the Planning Relate to Used Car

1.4.2 Economic Environment of Used Car Market

(1) GDP Growth

(2) Industrial Economic Growth

(3) Status and Growth of Residents’ Income

1.4.3 Social Environment of Used Car Market

(1) Changes of Automobile Ownership Amount

(2) Changes of Consumer Psychology

Chapter II:Trading Rule and Development Model of Foreign Used Car Market

2.1 Trading Rule of Foreign Used Car Market

2.1.1 Development Model of Foreign Used Car Market

2.1.2 Trading Characteristics of Foreign Used Car Market

2.1.3 Trading Rule of Foreign Used Car Market

2.2 Development Model of Used Car Market in Major Countries

2.2.1 Development Model of Used Car Market in America

(1) Development Briefing of Used Car Industry in America

(2) Trading Status of Used Car Market in America

a. Comparison of the Growth between Used Car and New Car

b. Comparison of the Occupation Rate of Used Car Brands

c. Comparison of the Marketing Channels of Used Car

(3) Characteristics of Used Car Development Model in America

(4) Trading Ways of Used Car in America

2.2.2 Development Model of Used Car Market in Japan

(1) Development Briefing of Used Car Industry in Japan

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(2) Trading Status of Used Car Market in Japan

a. Comparison of the Growth between Used Car and New Car

b. Comparison of the Occupation Rate of Used Car Brands

c. Comparison of the Marketing Channels of Used Car

(3) Characteristics of Used Car Development Model in Japan

(4) Trading Ways of Used Car in Japan

2.2.3 Development Model of Used Car Market in Germany

(1) Development Briefing of Used Car Industry in Germany

(2) Trading Status of Used Car Market in Germany

(3) Characteristics of Used Car Development Model in Germany

(4) Trading Ways of Used Car in Germany

2.2.4 Development Model of Used Car Market in British

(1) Development Briefing of Used Car Industry in British

(2) Trading Status of Used Car Market in British

(3) Characteristics of Used Car Development Model in British

(4) Trading Ways of Used Car in British

2.2.5 Development Model of Used Car Market in other Countries

(1) Development Model of Used Car Market in Switzerland

(2) Development Model of Used Car Market in New Zealand

2.3 Reasons and Experience of the Blooming Used Car Market in Foreign Countries

2.3.1 Reasons of the Blooming Used Car Market in Foreign Countries

2.3.2 Experience of the Blooming Used Car Market in Foreign Countries

Chapter III:Development Status and Market Research of China Used Car Industry

3.1 Analysis of China Auto Sales Market

3.1.1 Overall Scale of Auto Sales

3.1.2 Sales Scale of Different Types

(1) Analysis of Passenger Car Sales Market

a. Total Sales Amount of Passenger Car

b. Analysis of Saloon Car Sales Market

c. Analysis of MPV Sales Market

d. Analysis of SUV Sales Market

e. Analysis of Cross-type Passenger Car Sales Market

(2) Analysis of Commercial Car Sales Market

a. Total Sales Amount of Commercial Cars

b. Analysis of Large-sized Bus Sales Market

c. Analysis of Medium-sized Bus Sales Market

d. Analysis of Small-sized Bus Sales Market

e. Analysis of Heavy Lorry Sales Market

f. Analysis of Medium-sized Lorry Sales Market

g. Analysis of Light Lorry Sales Market

h. Analysis of Small-sized Lorry Sales Market

3.2 Analysis of China Used Car Market

3.2.1 Development Overview of Used Car Market

(1) Development Progress of Used Car Market

(2) Trading Cost Factors of Used Car

Page 7: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

(3) Operation Characteristics of Used Car Market

(4) Trading Vehicle Model of Used Car Market

3.2.2 Trading Scale of Used Car

(1) Trading Amount of Used Car

(2) Trading Revenue of Used Car

(3) Comparison of the Trading Amount of New and Used Car

3.2.3 Operation Subjects of Used Car

3.2.4 Existing Problems of Used Car Market

3.3 Analysis of China Used Car Market Research

3.3.1 Research of Car Disposition

(1) Research of Car Disposition Way

(2) Research of Car Sales Channel

(3) Selection of Car Sales Channel

(4) Sales Way that User Prefer

3.3.2 Expected Replacing Period and Replacement Rate of Car Users

(1) Expected Replacing Period of Car Users

(2) Replacement Rate of Car Users

3.3.3 Research of the Expected Car Hedge Ratio of Car Users

(1) Expected Car Hedge Ratio of Car Users

(2) Continuation Degree of Different Car Brands

3.3.4 Research of the Expected Car Evaluation of Car Users

(1) Evaluation Time of Used Car

(2) Expected Evaluation Time of the Car Users

Chapter IV:Development Status of Used Car Market in Major Regions of China

4.1 Regional Distribution of Used Car Trading Market

4.1.1 Trading Amount of Used Car in Different Regions

(1) Top 10 Provinces/Cities of Trading Amount in 2012

(2) Regional Trading Amount in 2012

4.1.2 Used Car Trading in Eastern China

4.1.3 Used Car Trading in Mid-Southern China

4.1.4 Used Car Trading in Northern China

4.1.5 Used Car Trading in South-western China

4.1.6 Used Car Trading in North-eastern China

4.1.7 Used Car Trading in North-western China

4.2 Development Status of Used Car Market in Guangdong

4.2.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Guangdong

4.2.2 Used Car Trading Market in Major Cities

(1) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Guangzhou City

(2) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Shenzhen City

(3) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Foshan City

(4) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Dongguan City

(5) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Zhongshan City

4.2.3 Development Trend of Used Car Trading Market in Guangdong

4.3 Development Status of Used Car Market in Shandong

4.3.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Shandong

Page 8: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

4.3.2 Used Car Trading Market in Major Cities

(1) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Jinan City

(2) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Qingdao City

(3) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Linyi City

4.4 Development Status of Used Car Market in Sichuan

4.4.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Sichuan

4.4.2 Used Car Trading Market in Major Cities

(1) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Chengdu City

(2) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Mianyang City

4.5 Development Status of Used Car Market in Henan

4.5.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Henan

4.5.2 Used Car Trading Market in Major Cities

(1) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Zhengzhou City

(2) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Luoyang City

4.5.3 Development Trend of Used Car Trading Market in Henan

4.6 Development Status of Used Car Market in Hebei

4.6.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Hebei

4.6.2 Used Car Trading Market in Major Cities

(1) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Shijiazhuang City

(2) Development Status of Used Car Trading Market in Baoding City

4.6.3 Development Trend of Used Car Trading Market in Hebei

4.7 Development Status of Used Car Market in Beijing

4.7.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Beijing

4.7.2 Influence of Limited Purchasing Order to Used Car Market

4.7.3 Development Tendency of Used Car Trading Market in Beijing

4.7.4 Development Trend of Used Car Trading Market in Beijing

4.8 Development Status of Used Car Market in Tianjin

4.8.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Tianjin

4.8.2 Influence of Limited Purchasing Order to Used Car Market

4.8.3 Development Trend of Used Car Trading Market in Tianjin

4.9 Development Status of Used Car Market in Shanghai

4.9.1 Trading Scale of Used Car Market in Shanghai

4.9.2 Trading Vehicle Model of Used Car Market in Shanghai

4.9.3 Interpretation of Used Car Development Planning in Shanghai

4.9.4 Development Trend of Used Car Trading Market in Shanghai

4.10 Development Status of Used Car Market in Other Regions

4.10.1 Development Status of Used Car Market in Heilongjiang Province

4.10.2 Development Status of Used Car Market in Jilin Province

4.10.3 Development Status of Used Car Market in Liaoning Province

4.10.4 Development Status of Used Car Market in Jiangsu Province

4.10.5 Development Status of Used Car Market in Zhejiang Province

4.10.6 Development Status of Used Car Market in Anhui Province

4.10.7 Development Status of Used Car Market in Jiangxi Province

4.10.8 Development Status of Used Car Market in Fujian Province

4.10.9 Development Status of Used Car Market in Hunan Province

4.10.10 Development Status of Used Car Market in Sinkiang Province

Page 9: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

4.10.11 Development Status of Used Car Market in Guangxi Province

4.10.12 Development Status of Used Car Market in Hainan Province

4.10.13 Development Status of Used Car Market in Guizhou Province

4.10.14 Development Status of Used Car Market in Yunnan Province

4.10.15 Development Status of Used Car Market in Inner Mongolia Province

4.10.16 Development Status of Used Car Market in Shanxi Province

4.10.17 Development Status of Used Car Market in Shaanxi Province

4.10.18 Development Status of Used Car Market in Gansu Province

4.10.19 Development Status of Used Car Market in Qinghai Province

4.10.20 Development Status of Used Car Market in Tibet

Chapter V:Status and Development Strategy of Branded Used Car in China

5.1 Development of Foreign Branded Used Car Market

5.1.1 Status of Foreign Branded Used Car Market

5.1.2 Business Status of Major Branded Used Car in China

(1) Volkswagen Used Car

(2) Toyota Used Car

(3) BMW Used Car

(4) Other Used Car

5.2 Development of China Branded Used Car Market

5.2.1 Development Status of Branded Used Car

(1) Development Progress of Branded Used Car

(2) Analysis of Branded Used Car Market

(3) Development Bottleneck of Branded Used Car

5.2.2 Development Opportunities of Branded Used Car

5.2.3 Latest Trend of Branded Used Car Business

5.3 Major Business of China Branded Used Car

5.3.1 Car Replacement Business

5.3.2 Car Certification Business

5.3.3 Car Financial Business

5.3.4 After-sales Service Business

Chapter VI:Business Model and Management Strategy of Used Car Market

6.1 Business Model of Used Car Market

6.1.1 Typical Business Model of Used Car Market

6.1.2 Franchise Operation System of Used Car Market

6.1.3 Diversification Mode of Marketing and Operation

6.1.4 Used Car Wholesaling Business Model

6.1.5 Development of Relevant Supporting Business Model

6.1.6 Case Study of CarMax Model

6.2 Operation and Management Strategy of Used Car Market

6.2.1 Construct Used Car Market Information Platform

6.2.2 Regular Third-party Used Car Evaluation System

(1) Used Car Evaluation System in Japan

(2) Used Car Evaluation System in America

(3) Used Car Evaluation System in China

6.2.3 Cultivate Talented Persons of Used Car Industry

Page 10: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

6.3 After-sales Service System of Used Car Market

6.3.1 Structure of Used Car After-sales Service Network

6.3.2 Function Construction of Used Car After-sales Service Network

6.3.3 Evaluation System of Used Car Users’ Satisfaction Degree

Chapter Ⅶ:Operation of Major Used Car Corporations in China

7.1 Operation of Car King Holding Ltd.

7.1.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.1.2 Major Business of the Company

7.1.3 Business Model of the Company

7.1.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.1.5 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.2 Operation of Shenzhen Aokangda Co., Ltd.

7.2.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.2.2 Major Business of the Company

7.2.3 Business Model of the Company

7.2.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.2.5 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.3 Operation of Wuhan Hanxi Used Car Trading Market

7.3.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.3.2 Major Business of the Company

7.3.3 Business Model of the Company

7.3.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.3.5 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.4 Operation of Shanghai Chengxin Used Car Operation and Management Co., Ltd.

7.4.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.4.2 Major Business of the Company

7.4.3 Operation Characteristics of the Company

7.4.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.4.5 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.5 Operation of Tianjin Konggang Used Car Trading Market Co., Ltd.

7.5.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.5.2 Major Business of the Company

7.5.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.5.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.5.5 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.6 Operation of Dalian Used Car Trading Marekt Co., Ltd.

7.6.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.6.2 Major Business of the Company

7.6.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.6.4 Development Strategy and Planning of the Company

7.7 Operation of China Jinzhenrong Auto Investment Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

7.7.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.7.2 Major Business of the Company

7.7.3 Operation Characteristics of the Company

7.7.4 Supporting Service of the Company

Page 11: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

7.8 Operation of Guangzhou Qianlifa Auto Service Co., Ltd.

7.8.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.8.2 Major Business of the Company

7.8.3 Operation Environment of the Company

7.8.4 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.9 Operation of Zhuojiehang Used Car Co., Ltd.

7.9.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.9.2 Major Business of the Company

7.9.3 Operation Characteristics of the Company

7.9.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.10 Operation of Anhui Used Car Trading Center

7.10.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.10.2 Major Business of the Company

7.10.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.10.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.11 Operation of Yichehui Used Car Replacement Information Co., Ltd.

7.11.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.11.2 Major Business of the Company

7.11.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.11.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.12 Operation of Ningbo Jiahehui Auto Management Co., Ltd.

7.12.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.12.2 Major Business of the Company

7.12.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.12.4 Supporting Service of the Company

7.13 Operation of Beijing Used Car Trading Market Co., Ltd.

7.13.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.13.2 Major Business of the Company

7.13.3 Business Model of the Company

7.14 Operation of Ningbo Ningxing TOYOTA Sales Service Co., Ltd.

7.14.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.14.2 Major Business of the Company

7.14.3 Business Model of the Company

7.15 Operation of Chengdu Xindike Used Car Management Co., Ltd.

7.15.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.15.2 Major Business of the Company

7.15.3 Supporting Service of the Company

7.15.4 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.16 Operation of Chengdu Ant King Used Car Service Co., Ltd.

7.16.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.16.2 Major Business of the Company

7.16.3 Supporting Service of the Company

7.17 Operation of Chongqing Zhongqi Southwest Used Car Trading Market Co., Ltd.

7.17.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.17.2 Major Business of the Company

7.17.3 Operation Status of the Company

Page 12: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

7.17.4 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.18 Operation of Jinan Huaruiyuan Used Car Market

7.18.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.18.2 Major Business of the Company

7.18.3 Operation Characteristics of the Company

7.19 Operation of Guangdong Dachanghang Xilong Auto Trading Co., Ltd.

7.19.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.19.2 Major Business of the Company

7.19.3 Supporting Service of the Company

7.20 Operation of Taiyuan Used Car Trading Center Co., Ltd.

7.20.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.20.2 Major Business of the Company

7.20.3 Policy Environment of the Company

7.21 Operation of Guangdong Dongguan Used Car Trading Center Co., Ltd.

7.21.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.21.2 Major Business of the Company

7.21.3 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.22 Operation of Shandong Liangshan Used Car Trading Market

7.22.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.22.2 Major Business of the Company

7.22.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.23 Operation of Jiangxi Used Car Trading Center Co., Ltd.

7.23.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.23.2 Major Business of the Company

7.23.3 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.24 Operation of Jiangsu Tiancheng Used Car Trading Market

7.24.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.24.2 Major Business of the Company

7.24.3 Operation Status of the Company

7.25 Operation of Heilongjiang Branded Car Empire Quality Goods Center

7.25.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.25.2 Major Business of the Company

7.25.3 Latest Development Trend of the Company

7.26 Operation of Guangxi Used Car Trading Market Co., Ltd.

7.26.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.26.2 Major Business of the Company

7.26.3 Supporting Service of the Company

7.27 Operation of Beijing Tian’an Used Car Management Co., Ltd.

7.27.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.27.2 Major Business of the Company

7.28 Operation of Shenyang Aochi Used Car Management Co., Ltd.

7.28.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.28.2 Major Business of the Company

7.29 Operation of Shaanxi Used Car Replacement Information Service Co., Ltd.

7.29.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.29.2 Major Business of the Company

Page 13: China used car industry market demand forecast and investment strategy planning report, 2013 2017

7.30 Operation of Jiangsu Tongyuan Used Car Trading Market Co., Ltd.

7.30.1 Development Briefing of the Company

7.30.2 Major Business of the Company

Chapter VIII:Investment Analysis and Prospect Forecast of China Used Car Market

8.1 Investment Analysis of China Used Car Market

8.1.1 Investment Risks of Used Car Market

(1) Policy Risk of Used Car Market

(2) Competition Risk of Used Car Market

(3) Market Fluctuation Risk of Used Car Industry

(4) Other Risks of Used Car Market

8.1.2 Investment Characteristics of Used Car Market

(1) Entry Barriers of Used Car Market

(2) Profit Model of Used Car Market

a. Single Operation Profit Model

b. Manager Operation Profit Model

c. Other Operation Profit Model

(3) Profit Factors of Used Car Market

8.1.3 Investment Opportunities of Used Car Market

(1) Trading Auction of Auction Market

(2) Used Car E-commerce

8.1.4 Latest Investment Trend of Used Car Market

8.2 Development Prospect Forecast of Used Car Market

8.2.1 Limited Factors of Used Car Market

(1) Analysis of Tax Factor

(2) Analysis of Admittance Factor

(3) Analysis of Evaluation Factor

(4) Analysis of Property Right

8.2.2 Development Trend of Used Car Market

8.2.3 Trading Scale Forecast of Used Car Market

(1) Growth Forecast of Trading Amount

(2) Growth Forecast of Trading Revenue

By Qianzhan Intelligence

Website: http://en.qianzhan.com/

Tel:+86 0755 33220413

Email us: [email protected]