Offshore Wind Technical Progress海上风电技术进展September 20112011 年 9 月

Experts in renewable energy可再生能源专家

Onshore & Offshore Wind

陆上和海上风电

Wave & Tidal

海浪能和潮汐能

Solar PV & CSP

太阳能光伏以及 集

热发电

Geographical reach地理范围

• 750 staff, in 42 locations, across 23 countries全球 23 个国家， 42 家分公司， 750 名员工

BristolDublin

Glasgow

Vancouver

Ottawa

Portland

San Diego

Montreal

Peterborough

Austin

Monterrey

Porto Alegre

Santiago

Beijing

Seoul

Tokyo

Shanghai

Mumbai

Bangalore

Newcastle

Melbourne

Wellington

HeerenveenSint Maarten Kaiser-Wilhelm- Koog

Paris

IzmirCairo

CopenhagenHinnerupOldenburgHamburgWarsaw

Lisbon Barcelona ZaragozaMadrid

Imola

LondonSlough

GLGH Offshore Milestones加勒德哈森公司海上风电技术大事记

• First offshore work 1989

1989 年第一个海上项目• First major offshore wind farm project commenced in 1997 1997 年第一个大型海上风电场项目• Over 350 separate renewable energy project assignments

completed in the last 10 years 过去 10 年间，完成了超过 350 个再生能源项目• Responsible for the project management of the largest

offshore wind farm in the world (Thanet) 承担世界上最大海上风电场项目的管理工作（ Thane

t ）• Measurements completed for offshore projects in the Irish Sea,

North Sea and Baltic Sea 完成了爱尔兰海、北海以及波罗的海的海上项目测

量工作• Procurement Management for the Dudgeon Offshore wind farm

(500MW) 承担 Dudgeon 海上风电场（ 500MW ）的采购管理工

作• Project Management for the Borkum West II Offshore Project

(200MW) 承担 Borkum West 海上项目二期工程（ 200MW ）的

管理工作

• Over 100 staff and consultants working on offshore wind farm projects

超过 100 名员工和顾问负责海上风电场项目• Met platforms: Rhyl, Arklow, FINO - platforms and

RAVE Met 平台： Rhyl, Arklow, FINO – 平台以及

RAVE Met • Revolutionised the modelling of offshore O&M 变革海上风电场的运行和维护模式

GLGH in China加勒德哈森公司在中国• Established office in Beijing in 2005

2005 年成立北京办事处

• Currently have 20 staff working from offices in Beijing and Shanghai

目前，北京和上海的办事处拥有 20 名员工

• Multiple onshore and offshore wind turbine design contracts

提供多种形式的陆上和海上风电机组设计

• Energy production assessments on over 4.5GW of proposed wind farms

可对超过 4.5GW 的拟建风电场提供发电量估

• Conducted technical due diligence on numerous mainstream Chinese wind turbine models

竭尽所能，针对中国主流的风电机组型号，进行技术研发

• Technical advisor for several international banks and lending agencies considering equity investment in the Chinese value chain

为几大国际银行和贷款机构考虑投资中国的价值链提供技术咨询

• Industry analyses on the Chinese wind market

对中国的风电市场进行行业分析

• Extensive sales of GLGH’s wind farm and wind turbine design software packages

风电场和风机设计软件包销售

• Since 2008 have been supplying GH SCADA systems to operating wind farms for analysis and reporting on wind farm dynamics

自 2008 年以来，向中国市场提供加勒德哈森公司的 SCADA 系统，用于分析风电场动态以及出具报告。

We have come a long way in the last 10 years…过去 10 年，我们成绩斐然

40MW

2001: Middlegrunden ( 丹麦 ) 2011: Borkum West 二期项目 ( 德国 )

Capacity

装机容量200MW

WTG Capacity

风力发电机组单机容量2MW 5MW

Distance from Shore

离岸距离~3km ~45km

Water Depth

水深~5m ~30m

Foundation Concept

基础概念 Gravity重力

Tripod

Export Concept

输出概念MV AC HVDC

高压直流Offshore Substation ?

是否建有海上变电站 ?

NO否

Yes是

O&M Strategy

运行和维护策略Workboats

工作船Helicopters

直升飞机

资本成本之演变

Bubble area represents project capacity

Sheringham Shoal

Rhyl FlatsRobin Rigg

Alpha Ventus

Horns Rev II

Gunfleet Phase I

Gunfleet Phase II

Greater Gabbard

Thanet

LID

Samsø

Nysted

Horns Rev

North Hoyle

Scroby Sands

Kentish FlatsBarrow

Egmond

Lillgrund

Princess Amalia (Q7)

Thornton Bank

0

1

2

3

4

2000 2005 2010

Year (main contracts signed)

Proj

ect C

apEx

(£

M /

MW

)

Contracted (Pre 2009 Budget)

Under Construction

Operational

Strengthening

onshore demand

Early

Competition

(and losses)

NEG Micon

Merger

V90 Sales

Suspension

WTG EBIT

Shift

Sterling

Collapse

EPC

Withdrawal

GE

Withdrawal

Commodities

PeakVessels

Crunch

a perfect storm ?

Evolution of Operational Costs运营成本之演变

* Total OPEX represents total operational expenditure incurred by the project owner, including non-technical cost centres such as insurances and administration.

运营总成本表示项目所有者发生的全部运营费用，包括：非技术成本中心，例如，保险和管理费用等

Industry Phase行业周期

Total OpEx*

( €k / WTG / annum)运营总成本

( €k / 风力发电机 / 年 )Comments评价

Low 低 High高

Round 1第一轮 80 170

Lower end represents early aggressive bidding.Upper end represents readjusted pricing小数表示早期的激进的投标行为。大数表示重调价格。

Round 2第二轮 170 500

Lower end represents lean bidding on an accessible site.Upper end represents high spec bids for challenging sites 小数表示，为那些容易得到的场址给出的竞价。大数表示，为了得到具有挑战性的场址，而给出更高的竞价

Round 3第三轮 500 700

Speculative increase on basis of changing project demands.在项目需求有变的情况下，投机行为增多

Wind Resource – Recommended approaches风能 – 推荐的方法

Site sc

reen

ing

Ope

ratio

nal a

sses

smen

t

运行

评估

Feasib

ility s

tudy

Scoping

EIS s

ubm

issio

n

Building

conse

nt

Start build

Commissioning

End of warra

nty

EO

dat

a EO

数据

Pub

. stu

dies

民意

调查

Rea

naly

sis

重新

分析

Coa

stal

met

Rem

ote

offs

hore

mea

s.远

程海

上测

量

Mes

o-m

odel

s

Ons

ite L

IDA

R现

场LI

DAR

Ons

ite b

uoy

现场

航标

Ons

ite m

ast

现场

测风

塔

质保期结束试运行

开工建设

同意建设

提交EIS

审查

可行性研究选址

Energy U

ncertainty

能量不确定性

Wind Resource – Recommended approachesEarly Stages: Earth Observation Data风能 – 推荐的方法早期 : 野外观测数据

θ

λw

λr

λr = 2n λw sin θ

• Wind speed derived from radar images of sea surface (Scatterometer)

海平面雷达影像（散射仪）提供的风速• Steepness of capillary “wind waves” derived

from resonant backscatter 共振反向散射仪提供的风浪陡度• Empirical relationship applied to obtain

mean wind speed (at 10m asl) 采用经验关系获取平均风速（ 10m asl ）

Wind Resource – Recommended approachesOffshore Met Mast风能 – 推荐的方法海上 Met 测风塔

• Typically arrangement: lattice tower mounted on steel monopiles• 典型的安装方式 :将测风塔安装在钢质单管桩上• High quality instrumentation

• 高质量的 检测仪器

Onsite measurements

Best accuracy

Reduced reliance on models

High (developmental) cost

现场测量 最好的准确度 减少对模型的依赖 成本高（开发成本）

Impact of Metocean ConditionsMetocean 条件的影响Outputs Used for…► Operational conditions

► Normal water levels Design assumptions► Joint wind and wave frequency tables (“4d”) Fatigue load calculations► Exceedance statistics (wind, wave and current) Installation / O&M planning► Persistence statistics (wind and wave) Installation / O&M planning

产出 用于…

► 运行条件

► 正常水位 设计假设

► 风浪频率联合表 (“4d”) 疲劳载荷计算

► 超越统计 ( 风、浪和流 t) 安装 / 运行和维护规划

► 持续统计 ( 风和浪 ) 安装 / 运行和维护规划Extreme conditions

► Extreme winds Extreme load calculations► Extreme wave Extreme load calculations

Design assumptions► Extreme water levels Extreme load calculations

Design assumptions

► 极端条件

► 极端风 极限载荷计算

► 极端浪 极限载荷计算

设计假设

► 极端水位 极限载荷计算

设计假设

Impact of Seabed Geology海底地质的影响

Drawing it all together - The Design Basis将如下内容结合在一起—设计依据

Design Basis设计依据

MetoceanReport

Metocean报告

WindReport

风资源报告

GeotechnicalInterpretation地质说明

GeotechnicalFactual地质情况

IndustryStandards行业标准

WTG Design 风力发电机设计

Foundation / Substructure

Design 地基 /

下部结构设计

Certification认证

Iterative design – loads loop 迭代设计 – 载荷回路

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