Development and validity of the Creative Flow Scale in skills and self-efficacy (CFS)

Yoga TOKUYOSHI

The 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP2016)

Wednesday, July 27, 2016

•The special secret of making dreams come true can be summarized in four C’s.

•They are Curiosity, Confidence, Courage, and Constancy.

Walt Disney

Objective

There are two main purposes.

(1)To develop the Creative Flow Scale in skills and self-efficacy (CFS).

(2)To examine its reliability and validity. Studies that explore creative flow will be conducted.

CFS was developed on Creative Flow model

VentureCreative

Flow

Apathy Wasteful

Creative Self –efficacy【High】

CreativeSkill

【High】

•This Creative flow model is hypothesized that the person who has skills and self-efficacy of Creativity will be able to demonstrate a high performance in Creativity.

(Only Skill)

(Only Self-efficacy)

■CFS was developed for evaluation of the Creative Skills and Self–efficacy at necessitates an approach based on a Creativity and Psychology.

【12 items with 5-point Likert scale. 2 subscales】

◆【Creative Skills】： 7 items(e.g., “I feel that I have skills to create something.”)

◆【Creative Self-efficacy】 : 5 items(e.g., “I feel that I have a confidence of Creativity.”)

Creative Flow Scale in Skills and Self-Efficacy (CFS) (Tokuyoshi, 2016)

【Development of Scale】

“Creative Skills” Factor was based on CREATIVE Model(Tokuyoshi et al.,2014)

C: Curiosity, Concept or Purpose R: Research, Resources & ReframeE: Expand or EliminateA: Adapt, Attach, Apply to combine T: Technique or ToolI : Import from different fields or cultures V: Venture and PreparationE: Evaluation※Applying of Creative Problem Solving, Cognitive Behavioural and Solution focused approach

The purpose of the development of this scalewas to measure the effect of the interventionbased on Creative Problem Solving Coaching.

Ten Item Personality Measure-Japanese (TIPI-J) (Osio et at. 2012)

●This is Big-5 personality.10-item, 7 rate scale.

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Neuroticism (Emotional Instability )

Openness to Experience

※Original: TIPI(Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003)

■Japanese Adaptation of the General

Self Efficacy Scale(J-GSES)(Ito, Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 2005)

•The General Self-Efficacy Scale is a 10-item psychometric scale that is designed to assess optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life.

•GSES has been originally developed in Germany by Matthias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer.

ResultsFactor M SD α Ht

CFS All 46.2 9.4 .90 .48

Creative Skills 28.7 5.5 .87 .54

Creative Self-efficacy

17.5 4.9 .84 .57

Study１ Web Survey， Subject: 811名（Man: 380名，Woman: 431名）Mean Age 29.0（SD=10.4）Independent samples t-tests found no significant differences in the mean scores of CFS and sub scale in Sex（n.s) .

Parallel Analysis Scree Plot◆Parallel Analysis

Scree Plot（1.0）

①「Exploratory factor analysis」

(Promax rotation）

②「Confirmatory factor analysis」

Maximum likelihood procedure

Creative Flow Scale in Skills and Self efficacyItem I feel that … F1 F2 Hi Dsc

Q1：I can imagine some new things to add or put something together.

.74 .05 .55 2.7

Q2：I can imagine some new things making modifications or applying.

.85 -.12 .56 2.9

Q3：I can imagine some new things using new methods.

.73 .05 .58 2.8

Q4： I can imagine some new things making it simple.

.54 .05 .45 1.7

Q5： I can imagine some new things changing viewpoints.

.72 -.05 .55 2.4

Q6： I can imagine some new things using new tools.

.58 .06 .50 1.8

Q7： I can imagine some new things using something from other domains.

.79 -.06 .57 2.8

Q8： I have the ability to challenge myself to new things.

.05 .77 .62 3.0

Q9： I want to challenge myself to new things. .17 .51 .51 1.7

Q10： I can carry out new things. -.12 .95 .64 3.6

Q11： I can imagine various ideas. .24 .54 .55 2.2

Q12： I am ready to begin new things. -.08 .68 .52 1.7

Confirmatory factor analysis (Maximum likelihood）

•CFI=.92, TLI=.89, RMSEA=.095 N=811

CFS, Big 5 and General Self efficacy

CorrelationCFS

Total

Creative

Skills

Creative

Self -

Efficacy

J-GSES

Conscientiousness .23*** .13** .30*** .41***

Extraversion .29*** .19*** .35*** .44***

Agreeableness .13** .07* .17*** .18***

Neuroticism -.28*** -.17*** -.34*** -.52***

Openness to

Experience.61*** .47*** .64*** .53***

J-General-Self

efficacy.61*** .44*** .68*** -

*p<.05,**p<.01, ***p<.001 N=811

Divide 4 zone based on 2 factors of CFS

Self –efficacy of Creativity【High】

Creative Skill

【High】

4 zone

【Low】

【Low】

VentureCreative

Flow

Apathy Wasteful(Only Skill)

(Only Self-efficacy)

General Self-efficacy and 4 zones of CFS

21.9

27.4

23.1

30.4

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Apathy Venture Wasteful Creative-Flow

p<.01【Multiple comparison (Holm’s method)】

(Only Skill)(Only Self-efficacy)

Big 5 Openness and 4 zones of CFS

3.9

5.14.5

5.8

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Apathy Venture Wasteful Creative-Flow

p<.01【Multiple comparison (Holm’s method)】

(Only Skill)(Only Self-efficacy)

Discussion■The scale showed excellent internal consistency (2 Factors,α= .84–.87) in a sample of 811 Japanese individuals. ■Criterion-related validity was also determined by CFS total score, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the openness of Big 5 Personality.

■The results of this study confirmed the reliability and validity of the proposed scale for evaluating CFS in Japanese individuals.

■However, it will be necessary to conduct a psychological experiment based on Creativity. (Ex: Intervention or Cognitive experiment)

Reference

• Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A Very Brief Measure of the Big Five Personality Domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528.

• Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper and Row.

• Tokuyoshi，Y, Iwasaki,S, & Palmer,S. (2013). Development of an Interview Sheet based on the CREATIVE model for Coaching Psychology Practice. Coaching Psychology International, 7(1), 4-10.

Creative Flow Scale in Skills and Self efficacyItem F1 F2 Hi Dsc

Q1：何かを追加したり，組み合わせたりして，新しいことを考えられると感じる。

.74 .05 .55 2.7

Q2：修正したり，応用したりすることで，新しいことを考えられると感じる。

.85 -.12 .56 2.9

Q3：新しい方法を利用することで，新しいことを考えられると感じる。

.73 .05 .58 2.8

Q4：シンプルにすることで，新しいことを考えられると感じる。 .54 .05 .45 1.7

Q5：見方を変えることで，新しいことを考えられると感じる。 .72 -.05 .55 2.4

Q6：新しい道具を利用して，新しいことを考えられると感じる。 .58 .06 .50 1.8

Q7：別の領域から何かを導入して，新しいことを考えられると感じる。

.79 -.06 .57 2.8

Q8：新しいことを行うために，自分にはその能力があると感じる。

.05 .77 .62 3.0

Q9：新しいことに挑戦したいと感じる。 .17 .51 .51 1.7

Q10：新しいことを実行できると感じる。 -.12 .95 .64 3.6

Q11：いろいろなアイデアを考えることができると感じる。 .24 .54 .55 2.2

Q12：新しいこと始めるために，準備ができていると感じる。 -.08 .68 .52 1.7

The Creative Flow in Skills and Efficacy Scale (Tokuyoshi,Y., 2016)

Please rate the following statements on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

1: Strongly Disagree 2: Disagree 3: Neutral 4: Agree 5: Strongly Agree

I feel that...

＿＿Q1： I can imagine some new things to add or put something together.

＿＿Q2： I can imagine some new things making modifications or applying.

＿＿Q3： I can imagine some new things using new methods.

＿＿Q4： I can imagine some new things making it simple.

＿＿Q5： I can imagine some new things changing viewpoints.

＿＿Q6： I can imagine some new things using new tools.

＿＿Q7： I can imagine some new things using something from other domains.

＿＿Q8： I have the ability to challenge myself to new things.

＿＿Q9： I want to challenge myself to new things.

＿＿Q10：I can carry out new things.

＿＿Q11：I can imagine various ideas.

＿＿Q12：I am ready to begin new things.

■Total Score （ ） ■Creative Skills （ ） ■Creative Self-efficacy （ ）

Factor M SD α Ht

CFS All （Q01-12） 46.2 9.4 .90 .48

Creative Skills （Q01-Q07） 28.7 5.5 .87 .54

Creative Self-efficacy （Q08-Q12） 17.5 4.9 .84 .57