必修 1

Unit 4

Earthquakes

Words Review

wellcrack

smellyfarmyard

pipeburst

million

n. 井n. 裂缝；噼啪声vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破裂adj. 发臭的；有臭味的n. 农场；农家n. 管；导管vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发n. 百万

Words Review

eventnationcanalsteam

dirtruin

sufferingextreme

n. 事件；大事n. 民族；国家；国民n. 运河；水道n. 蒸汽；水汽n. 污垢；泥土n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产n. 苦难；痛苦adj. 极度的

Words Review

injuresurvivordestroy

brickdam

trackuselessshock

vt. 损害；伤害n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭n. 砖；砖块n. 水坝；堰堤n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的vt. & vi. （使）震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊

Words Review

rescuetrap

electricitydisaster

burymine

minershelter

n. & vt. 援救；营救vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境n. 电；电流；电学n. 灾难；灾祸vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏n. 矿；矿山；矿井n. 矿工n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处

as ifat an end

in ruinsdig out

a (great) number of

严重受损；破败不堪掘出；发现许多；大量的照常仿佛；好像结束；终结

Match

Reading

1. To summarize and remember the main idea of the passage — A night the earth didn’t sleep.2. To know more about the terrible earthquake that nearly destroyed the city of Tangshan in Hebei Province in 1976.3. To learn some rhetorical devices.

Objectives

Skimming for general idea

The passage mainly talks about a/an ___________ that happened in _________ in ______.

earthquake

Tangshan 1976

Main idea of the passage

The army came to help the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.

Part 1: para 1

Part 2: paras 2 & 3

Part 3: para 4

signs

damage

recovery

Main idea of the text

Before the earthquake strange things began to happen but no one paid attention to them.

The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan. The people were very shocked at the destruction.

Clue (线索 ) of the story: time order

Scanning for specific

information

1. The earthquake began at ________. A. 3:00 am, June 28, 1976 B. 3:00 am, July 28, 1976 C. 3:42 am, July 28, 1976 2. _________ people were killed or injured in the quake. A. Less than 400,000 B. More than 400,000 C. More than 150,000

Choose the best answer. 另附 word 文档链接

3. Before the earthquake the following happened EXCEPT that _______. A. the water in the well rose and fell B. the animals were too nervous to eat C. bright lights appeared in the sky D. people made good preparations for the earthquake4. How long did the earthquake last? A. Ten seconds. B. Fifteen seconds. C. Twenty seconds. D. Half a minute.

5. Which of the following didn’t happen during the earthquake? A. A huge crack appeared in the roads. B. Bricks covered the whole ground. C. The injured were sent to hospital immediately. D. The railway tracks became useless pieces of steel.

___ Brick buildings were destroyed. ___ The walls of the village wells had cracks in them.___ Shelters were put up for those with no homes.___ Roads got huge cracks.___ The army helped the survivors.

Number each of these things that happened during the Tangshan earthquake.

3

1

5

2

4

1. One-third of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.2. Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were working.3. All the hospitals had been destroyed.

True or false

4. Only supply of water and electricity

was cut off.

5. Almost everything in Tangshan was de

stroyed.

6. Before the earthquake there wasn’t

anything strange happening.

7. Workers rescued most of the 10,000

coal miners to the south of the city.

A the army came to help them.B the quake happened while they were sleeping.C they were nervous.D dames and wells were useless.E they didn’t know what the strange events meant.

1 The chickens didn’t eat because2 The people didn’t worry because3 Such a great number of people died because4 Water was needed because5 The people did not lose hope because

Join the correct parts of the sentences.

Make a timeline below.

TIME EVENTS

For three days

At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976

TIME EVENTS

For three days

1 water in the village wells rose and fell2 well walls developed deep cracks3 a smelly gas came out of the cracks4 mice ran out of the fields5 fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds

TIME EVENTS

At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976

1 bright lights appeared in the sky2 the sound of planes could be heard although there were no planes3 some water pipes burst

TIME EVENTS

At 3:42 am on July 28, 1976

1 everything began to shake2 huge cracks appeared in the roads 3 steam burst from holes in the ground4 rock turned into rivers of dirt5 75% buildings and 90% of homes were gone6 more than 400,000 people killed or injured

TIME EVENTS

Afternoon of July 28, 1976

1 a second quake almost as strong as the first one2 more damage to buildings and rescuers

Soon after the quake

1 the army arrived2 shelters built for survivors3 water supplies brought in

Careful reading

修辞方法赏析

1. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！Rhetorical device: exaggeration ( 夸张 )

What is exaggeration?It is a term for a figure of speech. It means the describing of something and making it more than it really is. What purpose does it serve to exaggerate here?It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.

as if 仿佛 ; 好像；at an end 结束 ; 终结

1. The bag weighed a ton.这个包仿佛重达一吨。 2. 看来他好像不能按时到达了。It looks as if he won’t arrive in time.3. 战争结束了。The war was at an end.

2. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地。Rhetorical device: simile ( 明喻 )

What is simile?A simile is a rhetorical figure expressing comparison or likeness that directly compares two objects through some connective word such as like, as etc. Why use it?To create a vivid image.

Metaphor ( 暗喻 ) directly says something is something else. For example: His beard was a lion’s mane. Simile is a gentler form of metaphor which tends to use "as" or "like" to compare something to something else. For example: His beard was like a lion's mane.

simile VS metaphor

3. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Rhetorical device: personification ( 拟人 )The sentence means: The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. What is personification?Giving human qualities to things.Why use it?To form a vivid image in the reader’s mind.

1. Her eyes twinkled like stars. Simile 2. Rita heard the last piece of pie calling her name.Personification 3. All the world is a stage. Metaphor4. I am so hungry I can eat a horse.Exaggeration

Point out its rhetorical device.

Discuss the question in groups.

Group Work

What shall we do if an earthquake happens?

Discussion

Drop onto the ground and protect your head by putting your bag on your head.

Ways on self-rescue

Keep away from the power lines.

Keep away from the signs.

Keep away from

the buildings.

Hide in the corner

of the house.

Don’t hide under

the furniture, but

by the furniture.

Life is beautiful.

We must love our lives.

In an earthquake

SPEED IS LIFE.

Remember

Now two minutes to test your spelling.1. English-Chinese well, pipe, million, event, nation, canal, steam, dirt, suffering, brick, dam, track, electricity, disaster, mine, miner, shelter

2. Chinese-English 爆裂，毁灭，极度的，损害，破坏， 震动，援救，无用的，掩埋，使陷入困

境When finished, exchange your papers to see who does the best.

Individual activity

I. Complete the passage with proper words, which will help you retell the text. 另附 word

文档链接

Strange things appeared before the earth- quake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. A ______ (smell) gas came out of them. Many animals were too nervous ______ (eat). Bright lights were seen in the sky. The water pipes cracked and burst. At 3:42 am _____ July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. _____ seemed as if the world was at an end. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.

smellyto eat

on

It

Soon the whole city lay in _____ (ruin). The number of people who ___________ (kill) or injured reached more than 400,000. Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first _____ shook Tangshan. Everyone in the city was shocked and wondered how long the disaster would last. _______ (luck), the army organized teams to dig out those ____ were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for _________ (survive). Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Thanks to the army, the city began to breathe again.

ruinswere killed

one

Luckilywho

survivors

Fill in the blanks.

Before an earthquake

_____ heavy pictures and mirrors _____ from places where people sleep or sit. _______ things like flashlight, radio, batteries and bottled water on hand.

II. Task-based reading.

Move away

Prepare

另附 word 文档链接

During an earthquake Most injuries _____ when people move around._____ away from buildings, glass windows and doors. After an earthquake________ a battery-operated radio for emergency instructions and information.

occur

Move

Listen to

Things I can do EvaluationI can understand the reading passage. 5 4 3 2 1

I’ve learned some basic knowledge about earthquakes.

5 4 3 2 1

I’ve learned how to protect ourselves and help others in earthquakes.

5 4 3 2 1

I can understand and spell the new words and expressions and can use them in new situation.

5 4 3 2 1

I can understand the sentence patterns and write new sentences with them.

5 4 3 2 1

I need more practice in _________________________.

Think about what we’ve just learnt today.

Study without reflection is a waste of time.

After the class

It’s time to stop the class for us to look back in silence.

1. List out the measures that people can take when an earthquake happens.

well, million, as if, extreme, injure, destroy, track, useless, shock, trap.

2. 发挥想象，连词成文 (50-100 字 ) 。

3. Try to retell the text by using the key words below:

who (people of Tangshan/the army); where (Tangshan); how; when (For three days →

At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976 → At 3:42 am on July 28, 1976 → Afternoon of July 28, 1976 → Soon after the quake).

4. Read the articles in page 1 of Learning English. The more you read, the faster and better you’ll understand. When finished reading, write a summary in 100 words or so.

5. Read the following passage and copy it into your note-book. Pay attention to the coloured words.

A powerful magnitude-8.2 earthquake struck off Chile's northern coast Tuesday night, causing landslides and setting off a small tsunami ( 海啸 ) that forced an evacuation ( 撤离 ) of coastal areas. In the city of Arica, the mayor reported some minor injuries and said some homes made of adobe ( 土砖 ) were destroyed. The quake shook modern buildings in nearby Peru and in Bolivia's ( 玻利维亚 ) high altitude capital of La Paz ( 拉巴斯 ).The US Geological (地质的 ) Survey initially (最初 ) reported the quake at 8.0, but later upgraded ( 升级 ) the magnitude. It said the quake struck 61 miles (99 kilometers) northwest of the Chilean city of Iquique (伊基克，智利城市 ) at 8:46 pm,

hitting a region that has been rocked by numerous quakes over the past two weeks. The quake was so strong that the shaking experienced in Bolivia's capital about 290 miles (470 kilometers) away was the equivalent of a 4.5-magnitude tremor, authorities there said. At least eight strong aftershocks ( 余震 ) followed in the first few hours, including a 6.2 tremor. More aftershocks and even a larger quake could not be ruled out, said seismologist ( 地震学家 ) Mario Pardo at the University of Chile. Some roads in northern Chile were blocked by landslides, causing traffic jams among people leaving the coast.