题型考核范围： 中国政治、经济、文化

文章长度： 140—180 汉字 ( 核心难词基本给出 )

分值： 15 分 及格分数 9 分 （由过去的句子翻译更换为短段落翻译，分值由过去的 5% 到改革后的 15% ）

剪纸（ paper cutting ）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（ the Ming and Qing Dynastie

s ）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（ the Lantern Festival ），即从农历（ lunar calendar ）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（ couplets ），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.

上邪！我欲与君相知，长命无绝衰。山无陵，江水为竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢与君绝！

—汉乐府

I love you I love but you With a love that shall not die Till the sun grows cold And the stars grow old.

— William Shakespeare

如何在考试中做到信和达？

句子五大结构S + V 主谓 S + V + O 主谓宾

S + V + P 主系表

S + V + O + O 主谓宾宾

S + V + O + C 主谓宾补

S + V + O 主谓宾

S + v + p 主系表

什么做了什么。

什么是什么。

Step 1: 找框架风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是

古人对空间的布置和安排方法。在古代，风水通常将从选址、 设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的过程联系在一起。 它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。

Step 1: 找框架风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是

古人对空间的布置和安排方法。在古代，风水通常将从选址、 设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。 它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。

Step 1: 找框架 Fengshui is……a… tradition, is…

a..method. In ancient times, Fengshui

connected… the whole process. It combined the heaven, the earth

and the human beings, seek for agreement…………

Step 2: 补成分 Fengshui is one of special traditions of

Chinese buildings, is a method which ancient Chinese used to arrange space.

In ancient times, Fengshui connected the whole process of place-choosing, designing, building, even inside and outside decoration.

It combined the heaven, the earth and the human beings, seek for agreement among chosen address, direction, natural law together with human destiny.

Step 3: 语法修正

Fengshui is one of special traditions of Chinese buildings, and is a method which ancient Chinese used to arrange space.

In ancient times, Fengshui connected the whole process of place-choosing, designing, building, even inside and outside decoration.

It combined the heaven, the earth and the human beings and sought for the agreement among location, direction and natural law.

一个简单句（没有连词）只能有一个谓语动词，如果一句话中出现多个动词，解决方式包括：

1. 增加连词 ( 简 ) 2. 非谓语化（难）

千万注意句子动词时态和语态的一致性。 英语的动词不仅体现动作本身，更体现动

作发生的时间与主被动关系

STEP 4 句子合并 :• 京剧被称为中国的国粹（ national opera ），

起源于 18 世纪，是将音乐、舞蹈、艺术综合一体的戏剧。

• …… 京剧的剧目（ repertoire ）主要讲述前朝传说故事，其中包括古代重要的历史事件以及王侯将相，才子佳人。

• 儒家思想出现在大约 2500 年前的春秋时期（ the Spring and Autumn Period), 是建立在夏、商、周的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完整观念体系。 (ideological system)

Examples• Beijing Opera is known as national opera.• It started(originated) from the 18th century.• It is an opera which combines music, dance

and art.

Known as national opera, Beijing Opera, which originated from the 18th century, is an opera that combines music, dance, and art.

Examples• The repertoire of the Beijing Opera mainly tells

stories and tales about previous dynasties.• It includes the most important historical events,

emperors, ministers, generals, talents and great beauties.

The repertoire of the Beijing Opera mainly tells stories and tales about previous dynasties, including the most important historical events, emperors, ministers, generals, talents and great beauties.

Examples• Confucianism is a complete ideological system.• It first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period

about 2500 years ago.• It was based on the traditional cultures of Xia, Shang

and Zhou dynasties.• It was founded by Confucius.

Confucianism ， which first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period about 2500 years ago, based on the traditional cultures of ….dynasties and founded by Confucius ， is a complete ideological system.

连词风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置和安排方法，其目的是为了实现建筑与环境的共存。

四合院遍布全国的城乡，但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同，因此发展出各自的特点。

Details ( 连词通常需要翻译 )

注意一下字眼的翻译： 如： 为了， 目的是， 旨在 to; in order to; in order that; so that;

for the purpose that;

由于； 鉴于； because; because of; since; as;

owing to; due to; in view of ， Given

Details:Fengshui is one of special traditions of Chinese architecture, is a method of ancient Chinese arrangement of space (in order to) achieve the coexistence of environment and architecture.

Siheyuan spread around China including cites and villages, but(however) because of the different natural conditions and life styles, each has developed certain characteristics.

常用连词替代词 ( 雅 )

And ： as well as; together with; along with; aside withBut: however; yet; nevertheless; whereas; while

Because: since; as; given….;Because of: due to; owing to; in view （ light ） of; thanks

toSo: therefore; thus; hence In order that: so that; for the purpose that; for the end that so…that( 以至于 ): to the extent that; to the degree thatAlthough: though; even though; even ifLike( 像 ) ： AS

Tip 1 （翻译的客观性） 人们认为舞龙（ Dragon Dance ）一开始是农耕文

化的组成部分，起初也是治病和防病的一种方法。 It is known that at the first place Dragon Dance is

an important part of agriculture and a method to cure and prevent diseases.

中国人普遍认为中国结可以带来吉祥如意。 It is widely believed(acknowledged) by Chinese that

Chinese knot can bring a sense of happiness and satisfaction.

Tip 2 它反对人对于自然的破坏，而是强调人与环

境的共处，这种状态被为是完美的、神秘的

It opposes the destruction which people bring to the nature (human destruction of nature) and stresses the coexistence between human and environment, which is thought to be perfect and mysterious.

词汇润色（雅） Fengshui, one of special traditions of

Chinese architecture, is a method of ancient Chinese arrangement of space.

In ancient times, Fengshui linked the whole process from site selection, designing, construction to interior and exterior decoration.

It combined the trinity of heaven, the earth and the human beings and sought for the harmony among selected site, orientation and natural doctrine.

中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（ the Lantern Festival ），即从农历（ lunar calendar ）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（ couplets ），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。

Chinese New Year, the most important traditional festival in China, is also know as Chinese Spring Festival. It lasts from the New Year’s Eve to the Lantern Festival, which is from the last day of the last month to the first day of the first month of lunar calendar. The customs and traditions of celebrating the Spring Festival differ greatly, however each family would usually get together in New Year’s Eve and have a dinner(feast) together.

In order to drive away the bad fortune and welcome the good luck, every family would do the cleaning. Red couplets are also glued to the doorframes and their themes are health, wealth and fortune. Other activities also include lighting firecrackers, giving red envelops and visiting friends.

常见词汇常见词汇• 源自 / 源于 / 始于 originate from….• 追溯： trace back to• 和谐： harmony/ harmonize/harmonious• 影响深远的： influential• 象征： symbol/ symbolize• 重要组成部分： play an indispensible part• 代表 / 具有代表性： represent/ representative• representation• 基石 / 文化遗产： corner stone/ cultural heritage• 表现 / 展现： show/express/

demonstrate/display

总结总结1. 寻找框架

2. 添加成分： 形容词成分的添加 名词成分的添加 句子成分的添加 动词成分的添加

3. 短句合并： 状语从属连词合并 （ N-1原则） 定语从属连词合并 并列连词合并（忘）

动词的非谓语化合并（难）

S + V + O 主谓宾

S + v + p 主系表

什么做了什么。

什么是什么。

形容词成分添加形容词成分添加重要的事件

历史意义的一刻

完美的诠释

神秘的色彩

未完成的使命

飞着的鸟

治疗疾病的方法

学习英语的最好方法

Significant event

Historical moment

Perfect explanation

Mysterious color

Unfinished task

Flying bird

A method to cure disease

The best way to learn English

名词成分添加名词成分添加 ----ofof 人类文明的表达

中国建筑的传统

市场经济的要求

选址的程序

重要的历史事件

神秘的色彩

an expression of human civilization

a tradition of Chinese architecture

requirements of market economy

a process of place choosing/site selection

historical event of great significance

color of great mystery

句子成分添加句子成分添加—— whichwhich1. 古人安排空间的方法

2. 我们为之奋斗的目标

3. 他已经忘记的故事

4. 大家极力反对的观点

5. 一个从未提及的话题

Method which ancient Chinese used to arrange space

An aim that we all struggled for

A story which he has already forgotten

An opinion which is strongly opposed

A topic which has never been mentioned

1. The red couplets is a perfect expression of Chinese traditional culture, has more than thousands years history.2. In Tomb Sweeping Day, people would remember those who were died by sweeping the tombstones.3. China’s economy is developing quickly and brings a culture of overconsumption.4. The guests ate too much during the feast, they would not eat anymore5.I was walking on the street, there are so my vehicles .6. Spring Festival is a represent of Chinese tradition.7. People would together in New Year’s eve.8. There comes a variety of new art forms during that period

1. The red couplets is a perfect expression of Chinese traditional culture, has more than thousands years history.2. In Tomb Sweeping Day, people would remember those who were died by sweeping the tombstones.3. China’s economy is developing quickly and brings a culture of overconsumption.4. The guests ate too much during the feast, ? they would not eat anymore5.I was walking on the street, there are so my vehicles on the street.6. Spring Festival is a represent of Chinese tradition.7. People would together in New Year’s eve.8. There comes a variety of new art forms during that period

状语从属连词的合并状语从属连词的合并如果、倘若、若 ---(条件状语 )If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

为了、目的是、旨在、力求 --- （目的状语）In order that I could win the game, I practice a lot.

结果是、 以至于 --- （结果状语）The bird has eaten so much that it couldn’t fly away.

因为、 由于、 鉴于 --- （原因状语）Because he was really lazy, he failed the exam.

尽管、 即使 ---- （让步状语）Although I have tried my best, I lost the game.

像、 正如、如同 --- （方式状语）Do it as I have told you.

回顾：常用连词替代词 ( 雅 )

And ： as well as; together with; along with; aside withBut: however; yet; nevertheless; whereas; while

Because: since; as; given….So: therefore; thus; hence In order that: so that; for the purpose that; for the end that so…that( 以至于 ): to the extent that; to the degree that If: ProvidedLike( 像 ) ： AS

定语从属连词的合并定语从属连词的合并• Beijing Opera is known as national opera.• It started(originated) from the 18th century.Beijing opera, which started from the 18th

century, is known as national opera.

• Confucianism is a complete ideological system.

• It first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period about 2500 years ago.

Confucianism, which first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, is a complete ideological system.

并列连词的合并并列连词的合并——易忘易忘Fengshui is one of special traditions of Chinese buildings, and is a method which ancient Chinese used to arrange space.

It combined the heaven, the earth and the human beings and sought for the agreement among location, direction and natural law.

非谓语动词的合并非谓语动词的合并——难难1 。因为我觉得很热，所以我跳进了臭水坑。2 。 手上拿着刀子，我杀死了一名警察。3 。 我对自己很有信心，我站了起来。4 。 我今年三十了，任然未婚。5 。 哭过之后，她跑进了屋里。6. 满脸都是泪水，她跑进了屋里。

1. Feeling hot, I jumped into a ditch.2. Armed with a knife, I killed a cop.3. Sure of myself, I stood up.4. A man of 30, I haven’t got married yet.5. Having cried, she went into the room.6. Tears running on her face, she went into the

room.

实战回顾 1 ：• The repertoire of the Beijing Opera mainly tells

stories and tales about previous dynasties.• It includes the most important historical events,

emperors, ministers, generals, talents and great beauties.

The repertoire of the Beijing Opera mainly tells stories and tales about previous dynasties, including the most important historical events, emperors, ministers, generals, talents and great beauties.

实战回顾 2 ：• Beijing Opera is known as national opera.• It started(originated) from the 18th century.• It is an opera which combines music, dance

and art.

Beijing Opera, known as national opera, which originated from the 18th century, is an opera that combines music, dance, and art.

实战回顾 3 ：• Confucianism is a complete ideological system.• It first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period

about 2500 years ago.• It was based on the traditional cultures of Xia, Shang

and Zhou dynasties.• It was founded by Confucius.

Confucianism ， which first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period about 2500 years ago, based on the traditional cultures of ….dynasties and founded by Confucius ， is a complete ideological system.

百尺竿头• 四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超过

700 多年的历史，然而由于中国城市改造和经济发展，四合院慢慢的从北京消失。

Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people, having a history of more than 700 years now are gradually disappearing from Beijing due to Chinese urban renovation and economic development

• Si He Yuan with Hutong ,very familiar to us all, having a history of more than 700 years now are gradually disappearing from Beijing due to Chinese urban renovation and economic development

• Si He Yuan with Hutong ,very familiar to us all, have a history of more than 700 years, however they now are gradually disappearing from Beijing due to Chinese urban renovation and economic development

• 茶和丝绸、瓷器一样，在 1000 年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国的出口产品。

Tea, together with silk and porcelain, began to be known to the world about 1000 years ago and has since been an important export product of China.

尽管各地风俗不同，但是赏月是最为流行的活动

Although customs and traditions vary from place to place, enjoying the moon is the most popular activity

There be There be 综合运用综合运用• There be…..( 有 ) There were extensive and accurate records in that

book.

• There (stands, lies, sits, rests) 位置 There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. There lies a river in front of my home. There rests a hut on the mountain side. There sits a plane on the runway.

• 发生、出现、存在、生活、剩、 接着 there （ came, appeared, entered, existed, lived, remained, followed ） There came a war between the two countries in 1937. There lived a great beauty and her pet on the moon. There existed abundant stories concerning “ 年” . There followed the Cultural Revolution.

传统、习俗、必要、重要的•It is traditional for Chinese to get together in New Year’s eve.•It is necessary preparing everything for the festival.•It is of great significance （ indispensible ） for the pandas to enjoy the freedom of living and growing.•It is customary to light firecrackers to drive away “nian”

强调句的运用•It is the red couplets that have demonstrated the finest art form of Chinese painting and calligraphy.•It was during the Spring and Autumn Period Confucianism was gradually established.•It is because of the wisdom of our ancestor that we are left with immeasurable cultural and material heritage.

倒装的运用倒装的运用• 春联不仅体现了中国诗歌与书法的最高造诣，也是全世界华

人社区庆祝新年的一种主要仪式。 Not only have the red couplets demonstrated

the top art forms of Chinese painting and calligraphy, but also have become a main pattern of ceremony that Chinese communities around the world celebrate Spring Festival.

• 七夕不仅展现了古人对于真爱的浪漫追求，更体现了一种持之以恒，不屈不挠的精神。

Not only has the double seventh festival displayed the ancient Chinese romantic pursuit of true love but also the spirit of persistence and endurance.

范文 范文 22• 剪纸（ paper cutting ）是中国最为流行的传

统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（ the Ming and Qing Dynasties ）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物

• Paper cutting is the one of most popular traditional Chinese art forms.

• It enjoys a history of more than 1500 years and was quite widespread during Ming and Qing dynasties. Homes and houses are made beautiful (beautified) by (using) paper cuttings.

• They are also used to decorate doors, windows as well as rooms during spring festivals and marriages in order to bring in more happiness.

• The most often used color of paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and development(prosperity).

• Chinese paper cuttings are widely received around the world and frequently used as presents for foreign friends.

Practice for yourselfPractice for yourself• 相声 (cross talk) ，是一种中国传统的喜

剧 (comedy) 表演形式，始于明代。一段相声通常由二人完成，但也有单口相声和或者群口相声。相声的主要表演形式是对话或独白，类似于国外流行的脱口秀表演形式。相声虽然最早起源于中国的北京地区，但是现代相声却以天津为中心，席卷全球。相声艺术不仅可以给观众带来欢声笑语，还可以引起人们对于生活的深思。

• Cross Talk , originated from Ming dynasty, is one kind of performances of traditional Chinese comedy.

• A piece of cross talk is usually performed by two people, while sometimes also presented by a single person or a group of performers.

• The main presenting forms of Cross talk are dialogues and monologues.

• Similar to such popular performing forms as talk shows in foreign countries, Cross talk started from Beijing, yet modern Cross talk has spread around the world with Tianjin as the center.

• Cross talk not only bring their audience laughter but also deep thoughts on their lives.

• 对联，作为中国传统文化的一种完美诠释，在中国已经有近千年的历史。它不仅体现了中国诗歌与书法的最高造诣，也是全世界华人社区庆祝新年的一种主要仪式。 又因为人们习惯于在新年的第一天将春联贴于自家门橼之上所以其又被称之为春联。对联的内容通常较为传统，常常表达对于繁荣的期许。对联给我们的春节增添了不少喜庆的色彩，而且若非其存在，中华文明也势必缺少一种极具魅力的艺术表现形式。