© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Section 3 – Networked Storage Introduction

© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Section 3 – Networked StorageSection 3 – Networked Storage

Introduction

© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Module TitleStorage Networking Overview - 2

本章目标及内容面对不断增长的信息需求和不断发展的网络技术，网

络存储应运产生。本章分别介绍了网络存储环境下的直连存储、网络附加存储、光纤存储局域网、 IP 存储局域网和内容寻址存储，并深入介绍了这些网络存储结构的概念、结构特点、基本原理以及应用环境等方面的知识。

本章内容包括 5 个方面：3.1 直连存储（ Direct Attached Storage ， DAS ）3.2 网络附加存储（ Network Attached Storage ， NAS ）3.3 光纤存储局域网络（ Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks ， SAN ）3.4 IP 存储局域网（ IP Storage Area Networks ， IP SAN ）3.5 内容寻址存储（ Content Addressed Storage ， CAS ）


Section Objectives

Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:

Describe the elements, connectivity, and management of: Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), FC and IP Storage Area Networks (SAN), Content Addressed Storage (CAS)

Compare the benefits and challenges of each of the storage models


In this Section …

This section contains the following modules:

1. Direct Attached Storage (DAS)

2. Networked Attached Storage (NAS)

3. Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (FC SAN)

4. IP Storage Area Networks (IP SAN)

5. Content Addressed Storage (CAS)


Direct Attached Storage (DAS)Direct Attached Storage (DAS)

Module 3.1


Direct Attached Storage (DAS)

After completing this module you will be able to:

Discuss the benefits of DAS based storage strategy

Describe the elements of DAS

Describe the connectivity options for DAS

Discuss DAS management considerations

Identify the best environments for DAS solutions


What is DAS?

Internal External Direct Connect


DAS Benefits

Ideal for local data provisioning

Quick deployment for small environments

Simple to deploy in simple configurations

Reliability

Low capital expense

Low complexity


Physical Elements of DAS

CPU

Motherboard

Clustered group of processors

Processor cards

Complete system

Internal

External

Hard disk(s)

CD-ROM drive

Optical drive

Removable media

Tape devices/tape library

RAID/intelligent array(s)

Portable media drives

Connectivity

Storage


DAS Connectivity

Block-Level Access Protocols:

ATA (IDE) and SATA– Primarily for internal bus

SCSI– Parallel (primarily for internal bus)– Serial (external bus)

Buss and Tag – Primarily for external mainframe– Precursor to ESCON and FICON


DAS Connectivity: Internal


Internal DAS Connectivity Examples

Parallel Connectivity Cables

34-wire floppy cable

80-wire IDE cable

50-wire SCSI-2 cable

Serial ATA cable

Serial Connectivity Cable


DAS Connectivity: External

Host Storage Device

External DAS

HBAHBA

Example of an external connectivity cable


DAS Management: Internal

Host provides:– Disk partitioning (Volume management)

– File system layout

– Data addressing

Direct Attached Storage managed individually through the server and the OS


DAS Management: External

Array based management

Availability – multi-path I/O

Lower TCO for managing data and storage Infrastructure


DAS Performance Considerations

Factors to be considered for DAS performance:

• Hard disks

• Memory cache

• Virtual memory (paging)

• Storage controllers• Protocol supported (e.g. SCSI, FireWire, USB, etc.)

• RAID level

• Bus


Internal DAS Application Example

Hard Drive

40 Pin Ribbon Cable

Motherboard


External DAS Application Example

ESCON HBACable for

external DAS connectivity


DAS Challenges

Hosts must be directly connected

Data availability

Data slowdowns possible– CPU congestion, caching, multi-pathing

Scalability is limited– Number of connectivity ports to hosts

– Number of addressable disks

– Distance limitations

Downtime required for maintenance


Module Summary

Key points covered in this module:

DAS can be:– An integrated part of the host computer

– Directly connected to a single server

DAS is made up of a CPU, connectivity, and storage devices – There are several options within each of these categories

DAS connectivity uses block-level access protocols


Check Your Knowledge

What are the physical elements of DAS?

Give an example of when DAS is a good solution.

Describe internal DAS connectivity.

Describe external DAS connectivity.

What are some areas that you need to consider as part of DAS management?


Network Attached Storage (NAS)Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Module 3.2


NAS – Network Attached Storage

After completing this module, you will be able to:

Discuss the benefits of NAS based storage strategy

Describe the elements of NAS

Discuss connectivity options for NAS

Discuss NAS management considerations by environment

Identify the best environments for NAS solutions


In this Module …

This module contains the following lessons:

What is NAS?

Managing a NAS Environment

NAS Application Examples


Lesson: What is NAS?

Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

Define NAS and describe its key attributes

List the benefits of NAS

Describe NAS connectivity


NAS Evolution

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Stand Alone PCNetworked File SharingNetworked PCsPortable Media

for File Sharing


What is NAS?

NAS is shared storage on a network infrastructure.

Clients

ApplicationServer

PrintServer NAS Device

NAS Head Storage


General Purpose Servers vs. NAS Devices

Network

Operating System

I/O

File System

Print Drivers

Applications

General Purpose Server(NT or Unix Server)

Network

Operating System

File System

Single Function Device(NAS Server)


Why NAS?

Supports global information access

Improves efficiency

Provides flexibility

Centralizes storage

Simplifies management

Scalability

High availability – through native clustering

Provides security integration to environment (user authentication and authorization)


Customer Demands for NAS Have Changed

T H E P A S T T O D A Y

Outside theData CenterOutside theData Center

Islands ofInformationIslands of

Information

Tools andScripts

Tools andScripts

Critical BusinessApplications(Databases)

Critical BusinessApplications(Databases)

IntegratedInfrastructure

IntegratedInfrastructure

EnterpriseManagementEnterprise

Management


NAS Device Components

NAS Device

CIFSCIFSNFSNFS

Network InterfaceNetwork Interface

Storage InterfaceStorage Interface

NAS Device OSNAS Device OS

SCSI, FC, or ATA

IP Network


NAS File Services Protocols: NFS and CIFS

NAS Device



NAS Device OSNAS Device OS

SCSI, FC, or ATA

CIFSCIFSNFSNFSIP Network

Windows

Unix

NFS

CIFS


Network File System (NFS)

Client/server application

Uses RPC mechanisms over TCP protocol

Mount points grant access to remote hierarchical file structures for local file system structures

Access to the mount can be controlled by permissions


Common Internet File System (CIFS)

Public version of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol

Client applications access files on a computer running server applications that accept the SMB protocol

Better control of files than FTP

Potentially better access than Web browsers and HTTP


NAS Connectivity: A Closer Look

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

OSI Seven-Layer Module

FTP, TelnetSMTP, SNMP

NFS

XDR

RPC

TCP, UDP

IP

ARP / RARP

Not Defined

Internet Protocol Suite


I/O Example


Storage ProtocolStorage Protocol

NAS Operating SystemNAS Operating System

NFS / CIFSNFS / CIFS

TCP/IP StackTCP/IP Stack


ApplicationApplication

Operating SystemOperating System

I/O RedirectI/O Redirect

NFS / CIFSNFS / CIFS

TCP/IP StackTCP/IP Stack


Client IP Network NAS Device

Block I/O to storage device


UNIX and Windows Information Sharing

Protocol LayerProtocol Layer

Common File System (CFS)Common File System (CFS)

Multi-protocol support layerMulti-protocol support layer

OSOS

I/O layer I/O layer

NFS TrafficNFS Traffic CIFS TrafficCIFS TrafficFTPFTP


NAS Physical Elements

Data movers/filers

Management interface– Configure network interfaces

– Create, mount, or export file system

– Install, configure and manage all data movers/filers

– Can be accessed locally or remotely

Connectivity – NAS head to storage

– NAS head to network

Storage


Integrated vs. Gateway NAS

Integrated NAS

NAS Gateway

IP Network

IP NetworkFC Fabric

NAS Head

NAS Head


Integrated NAS System

Integrated NAS System

NAS HeadStorage

Direct AttachIP Network


Gateway NAS System

Clients

Application Servers

Storage

NAS Gateway

FC Switch

IP Network

IP Network


Lesson Summary

A NAS server is an appliance optimized for file serving functions.

Generally it has a specialized operating system

NAS supports multiple protocols

NAS can be implemented as an integrated system or as a gateway


Lesson: Managing in a NAS Environment

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Describe the issues involved in managing a NAS environment

Differentiate between the issues related to managing an integrated system vs. a gateway system


About Managing NAS Devices

Most ship with vendor management software

Have unique management issues

Require preliminary analysis

Need additional complementary software


NAS Management Concerns Performance

Discovery

Space Management

Backup/Recovery

Asset Management


Managing NAS Environments

Managing an Integrated System – Both NAS component and the storage array are managed via NAS

management software

Managing a Gateway System – NAS component managed via NAS management software

– Storage array managed via array management software


Lesson Summary

Key points covered in this lesson:

NAS management involves several areas: performance, discovery, space management, backup/recovery, and asset management

The management is handled differently in integrated and gateway NAS environments


Lesson: NAS Examples

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Discuss environments that would benefit from a NAS solution including:– NAS solution for HTTP file server

– NAS consolidation

– NAS solution for Gateway NAS system


NAS HTTP File Server Scenario

Business Clients Surfers, Shoppers

Internal Users

LANs / WANs

SAN(Fibre Channel)

Current Environment

Web DatabaseTransactionMission CriticalServers


NAS HTTP File Server Example

Business Clients Surfers, Shoppers

Internal Users

SAN(Fibre Channel)

Solution

HTTPServer

LANs / WANs

Database transactionmission critical servers

NAS Head


NAS Server Consolidation ScenarioCurrent Environment

Internet/Intranet

General purpose OS serving files viaFTP, CIFS, NFS, HTTP. . .

UNIX NTW2K

UNIX Windows


NAS Server Consolidation ExampleSolution

Internet/Intranet

UNIX Windows

NASFile

Server

General purpose OS serving files viaFTP, CIFS, NFS, HTTP. . .


Gateway NAS Scenario

Why purchase additional Integrated NAS Storage when you have SAN Storage?

Capitalize on your storage investment and purchase NAS functionality without the cost of additional NAS Storage.


Gateway NAS Example

NAS Gateway

IP Network

MultipurposeServers

NT UNIX

FC Switch


Example Summary

Key points covered in this lesson:

HTTP example

Consolidation example

Gateway example


NAS Challenges

Speed– Network latency and congestion

– Protocol stack inefficiency

– Application response requirements

Reliability

Connectivity

Scalability


Module Summary

Key points covered in this module:

A NAS server is a specialized appliance optimized for file serving functions.

Overview of physical and logical elements of NAS

Connectivity options for NAS

Common NAS topologies

NAS connectivity devices

NAS management considerations by environment

Best environments for NAS solutions


Check Your Knowledge

What are the differences between a General Purpose Server and a NAS Device?

What are the components of a NAS device?

What protocol is used to connect to and manage physical disk storage resources in a NAS system?

Give an example of a file sharing protocol.

What is the difference between an integrated NAS system and a gateway NAS system?


Apply Your Knowledge…

Upon completion of this topic, you will be able to:

Describe EMC’s product implementation of a NAS solution


NAS equipment building blocks

NAS device consists of: – Network interface device (EMC called Data Mover)– Storage interface device (EMC called Data Mover)– Management interface device (EMC called a Control Station)– Storage connectivity mechanism

Direct connect Gateway connect

Storage device

Storage Interface Device Management Interface Device

CLARiiON Storage Processor Navisphere Manager

Symmetrix FA (Fibre Channel Adapter) Service Processor


What is a Data Mover ?

A Data Mover is a specialized hardware platform with :

Dual Intel Processors

PCI or PCI-X based

High memory capacity

Multi-port Network cards

Fibre Channel connectivity to storage arrays

No internal storage devices

Operates on a highly specialized Operating System, DART (Data Access in Real Time).


What does a Data Mover Do?

Once a Data Mover has been presented storage from a storage array, the storage is divided up using an Automated Volume Management feature of DART to provide volumes for file system creation.

The Data Mover supports both NFS and CIFS protocols simultaneously and is able to server out data to either protocol individually or data to both protocols at the same time.

In order to share data out to differing clients simultaneously the Data Mover integrates into the security structures of both environments seamlessly


Data Mover Summary

NS500 Data Mover

NS700 Data Mover

NSX Blade

Fibre I/O module GbE I/O module


What is a Control Station ?

A Control Station is a dedicated management, Intel processor based computer running EMC Linux to provide:

Specialized software installation and upgrade portal

Management of high availability features– Fault monitoring

– Fault recovery

– Fault Reporting (CallHome)

Management of Data Mover configuration and storage for the system configuration database

Remote diagnosis and repair


Control Station System Management – Command Line

The Control Station provides both management interfaces to NAS administrators:

Command line can be accessed on the Control Station via:– An ssh interface tool (e.g. PuTTy)

– Telnet (not enabled by default for security)

Its primary function is for the scripting of common repetitive tasks that may run on a predetermined schedule to ease administrative burden

It has approximately 80 UNIX command-like commands:– nas_ - Generally for the configuration and management of global resources

– server_ - Generally for the configuration and management of Data Mover specific resources

– fs_ - Generally for special file system operations


Control Station System Management – GUI Management


Celerra NS Family – Control Station Hardware


Joining the Building Blocks - Integrated

Data Mover

Control Station

Internal Network

Switch

Serial cable connect

Internal network connect

Fibre Channel storage connect

IP Network


Joining the building blocks - Gateway

Data Mover NAS NAS NAS NAS NAS NAS

Control Station

Serial cable connect

Internal network connect

Fibre Channel storage connect

IP Network

Fibre Channel

Switch

SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN

SAN Host(s)

Internal Network

Switch

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© 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Section 3 – Networked Storage Introduction