1. 3102 3102: . 0

2. 3102 13 4 6 11 21 41 3102 62 : 15 3102 45 ) + ( : 85 3102 46 : 86 96 37 : 58 78 09 19 3102 39 3102 49 31021 3. 3102 : 59 79 89 001 201 701 901 3102211 911 021 121 321 421 031 231 431 631 041 141 841 2 4. 3102 2102 Observers Handbook . . . . ) ""( . 3102 . . . Observers Handbook 3102 NASA 3102 . . www.jas.org.jo www.jas.org.jo/forum . . . www.jas.org.jo/forum . : . khaled_tell@yahoo.com .3 5. 3102 . 3102 : : ) + (: : 3102 : : . . : 3102. 3102. 31024 6. 3102 : . . 3102 . . 3102 . . . 5 7. 3102 Celestial sphere : . . )( . . . . . :1- ) : (Zenith .2- ) ( :Nadir 081. .3- ):(Horizon 1 ) ( 09 . . .4- :Celestial Poles . . .1 ) :(Great Circle . .6 8. 3102 .5- ):(Meridian Circle : . . . . ) ( .6- ):(Celestial Equator . 7- ): (Hour Circle . 8- " " ):(Vertical Circle . . ) ( . ) (Longitudes ) .(Latitudes . . :-7 9. 3102 Horizon System )1( . ) (:-- ):altitude (a 09 ) (. - )) Azimuth (A (: . . aA ) Zenith distance (z . : Equatorial System)2( . ) (. . :- - ): Declination ( ) ( . . ) (Circumpolar Stars .8 10. 3102 - ): Hour angle (H ) (. ).Sidereal time(S- ):Right Ascention ( 063 42 . (Sidereal time) St : S t H . ) ( ) (a ) (z )(Acos Z cos cos cos H sin sin sin cos cos A sin Z sin sin Z sin sin cos Z cos A cos sin Z9 11. 3102 :- " " ) ( ) ( 360o24 h15 o 1h1o 4m` 51 1m`1 4s 51 1s01 12. 3102 : 11 13. 3102 : : 1 - )( 001 003 0001 - 0003 . 2 - .3 - . . :1 - : )7-01 ( ) ( ) 02 ( . . 01 . 01 . 2 - . . 53 7x 0510x .21 14. 3102 01*07 7 94 53*7 5 52 . ) (Compact . 3 - : 5.2 7 . ) ( . : 05 7 ) 05 ( 7x 05 7 = 17 53 7 ) 53( 7x 53 7 = 5 . . . 7 05 7x 07 10x . 5 . : .036x . 537x . . 057x . . . 0510x . 0710x. . 0811x . . 0815x . . 0720x0820x .0830x .31 15. 3102 3102 : 3102 UT 10/10/3102 )161890741 ( 00:50 20/10/3102 00:31 30/10/3102 04:81 ---40/10/3102 85:30 50/10/3102 6.0 00:02 60/10/3102 4 00:10 70/10/3102 80/10/3102 90/10/3102 00:01 01/10/3102 3 00:21 44:91 11/10/3102 21/10/3102 6 00:21 31/10/3102 41/10/3102 51/10/3102 61/10/3102 ---71/10/3102 00:90 81/10/3102 54:32 91/10/3102 02/10/3102 12/10/3102 5.0 00:30 22/10/3102 00:11 32/10/3102 --- 42/10/3102 52/10/3102 62/10/3102 83:40 72/10/3102 82/10/3102 92/10/3102 03/10/3102 13/10/3102 41 16. 3102 3102 UT 10/20/3102 3.0 00:20 20/20/3102 3 00:0130/20/3102 65:31 4.0 00:61 40/20/3102 50/20/3102 60/20/3102 00:21 70/20/3102 3.0 00:12 80/20/3102 90/20/3102 02:70 01/20/3102 6 00:4111/20/3102 5 00:81 ---21/20/3102 31/20/3102 41/20/310251/20/3102 )8100:12 61/20/3102 ( ---71/20/3102 13:02 9.0 00:2181/20/3102 3.0 00:12 00:60 91/20/3102 02/20/3102 00:7012/20/3102 ---22/20/3102 32/20/3102 42/20/3102 62:02 52/20/3102 62/20/3102 72/20/3102 82/20/310251 17. 3102 3102 UT 1.0 00:70 10/30/3102 3 00:51 20/30/3102 30/30/3102 00:31 40/30/3102 35:12 00:32 50/30/3102 60/30/3102 70/30/3102 80/30/3102 51:80 90/30/3102 01/30/3102 15:91 11/30/3102 21/30/3102 31/30/3102 41/30/3102 51/30/3102 15:01 61/30/3102 71/30/3102 5.1 00:10 81/30/3102 00:30 91/30/3102 72:71 20:11 02/30/3102 12/30/3102 ---22/30/3102 94:41 32/30/3102 5 00:81 42/30/3102 52/30/3102 62/30/3102 72:90 72/30/3102 10.0 00:51 82/30/3102 00:81 00:00 92/30/3102 3 00:02 03/30/3102 00:40 13/30/3102 )82 (00:2261 18. 3102 3102 UT 10/40/3102 --- 20/40/3102 73:4030/40/310240/40/3102 50/40/310260/40/310270/40/3102 7 00:0180/40/310290/40/3102 53:9001/40/310211/40/3102 21/40/310231/40/3102 2 00:8141/40/3102 00:2251/40/310261/40/310271/40/3102 00:0081/40/3102 13:21 2 00:1291/40/310202/40/310212/40/3102 00:1122/40/310232/40/310242/40/3102 400.0 00:0052/40/3102 ) ( 75:91 4 00:2062/40/3102 00:0272/40/3102 00:8082/40/3102 92/40/310203/40/310271 19. 3102 3102 UT 10/50/3102 41:1120/50/3102 30/50/310240/50/3102 00:6050/50/3102 60/50/3102 70/50/3102 80/50/310290/50/3102 ---01/50/3102 ) ( 82:00 ---11/50/3102 00:12 3 00:3121/50/3102 00:4131/50/3102 41/50/3102 51/50/3102 --- 61/50/3102 71/50/3102 43:4081/50/310291/50/3102 02/50/3102 12/50/3102 500.0 00:1122/50/3102 4 00:0132/50/3102 42/50/3102 4.1 00:30 --- 52/50/3102 ) (52:40 00:2062/50/3102 2 00:9072/50/3102 0.1 00:0282/50/3102 92/50/310203/50/3102 85:8113/50/310281 20. 3102 3102 UT 3.1 53M 00:61 10/60/3102 20/60/3102 30/60/3102 53M 00:12 40/60/3102 50/60/3102 60/60/3102 70/60/3102 65:51 80/60/3102 00:22 90/60/3102 5 00:11 01/60/3102 6 00:32 11/60/3102 )42 (00:71 21/60/3102 --- 31/60/3102 41/60/3102 6 00:61 51/60/3102 42:71 61/60/3102 71/60/3102 --- 81/60/3102 1.0 00:02 00:61 91/60/3102 4 00:71 9.1 00:71 02/60/3102 40:50 12/60/3102 22/60/3102 5 00:10 00:11 32/60/3102 ) 3102 ( 23:11 42/60/3102 52/60/3102 62/60/3102 72/60/3102 82/60/3102 --- 92/60/3102 35:40 03/60/3102 91 21. 3102 3102 UT 10/70/3102 00:10 20/70/3102 44) M (00:91 30/70/310240/70/3102 )724790251 (00:5150/70/3102 1.1 53M 00:12 4 00:21 60/70/3102 00:10 70/70/3102 41:70 80/70/3102 00:91 90/70/3102 7 00:32 01/70/310211/70/3102 21/70/310231/70/310241/70/3102 51/70/3102 81:30 3.0 00:40 61/70/3102 4.0 53M00:02 3 00:10 71/70/310281/70/3102 91/70/310202/70/3102 00:02 12/70/3102 2.1 00:40 8.0 00:50 22/70/3102 61:8132/70/3102 42/70/310252/70/3102 62/70/310272/70/310282/70/3102 00:3092/70/3102 34:71 )02 ( 00:90 03/70/3102 13/70/310202 22. 3102 3102 UT 10/80/3102 20/80/3102 00:90 30/80/3102 4 00:22 00:10 40/80/3102 5 00:11 7 00:30 50/80/3102 4 00:90 00:40 60/80/3102 15:12 ---70/80/3102 80/80/3102 90/80/3102 5 00:20 01/80/3102 11/80/3102 6.0 00:90 21/80/3102 00:81 3 00:80 31/80/3102 65:01 41/80/3102 51/80/3102 61/80/3102 71/80/3102 00:10 81/80/3102 00:10 91/80/3102 6 00:11 02/80/3102 54:10 12/80/3102 22/80/3102 32/80/3102 00:12 42/80/3102 52/80/3102 62/80/3102 00:20 72/80/3102 53:90 82/80/3102 92/80/3102 ---03/80/3102 00:00 13/80/3102 4 00:7112 23. 3102 3102 UT 10/90/3102 6 00:0120/90/3102 30/90/3102 40/90/3102 63:1150/90/3102 8.1 00:3160/90/310270/90/3102 8.0 00:51 02:5180/90/3102 4.0 00:12 44) M ( 00:22 2 00:7190/90/3102 01/90/3102 11/90/3102 80:7121/90/3102 31/90/3102 --- 41/90/3102 00:7151/90/3102 61/90/3102 71/90/3102 81/90/3102 31:1191/90/3102 4 00:0002/90/310212/90/3102 44:0222/90/3102 32/90/3102 8.0 00:9142/90/3102 52/90/310262/90/3102 55:3072/90/3102 00:81 64:0082/90/3102 5 00:9092/90/3102 03/90/3102 22 24. 3102 3102 UT 7 00:6010/01/3102 34:3120/01/3102 ---30/01/3102 00:4140/01/3102 43:0050/01/3102 93:20 3 00:2260/01/3102 9.1 00:4070/01/3102 00:80 5 00:2180/01/3102 63:51 )52 ( 00:0190/01/3102 5 00:8101/01/3102 00:32 20:3211/01/3102 52:3021/01/3102 33:40 9.0 00:2031/01/3102 1 00:2241/01/3102 92:7151/01/3102 6.1 00:5161/01/3102 85:1171/01/3102 ) (83:3281/01/3102 62:6091/01/3102 02/01/3102 00:1112/01/3102 22:9122/01/3102 32/01/3102 03:4142/01/3102 00:4152/01/3102 5 00:22 04:3262/01/3102 72/01/310282/01/3102 65:1292/01/3102 6 00:1003/01/3102 13/01/310232 25. 3102 3102 UT )74 ( 00:8010/11/3102 00:02 8.0 00:7020/11/3102 00:11 ---30/11/3102 ) ( 05:2140/11/3102 00:1150/11/3102 23:00 00:9060/11/3102 00:21 8 00:1070/11/3102 --- 80/11/3102 ---90/11/3102 05:31 75:5001/11/3102 11/11/3102 00:0121/11/3102 90:3031/11/310241/11/3102 51/11/310261/11/3102 61:5171/11/3102 00:71 )91 ( 00:3081/11/3102 91/11/3102 02/11/310212/11/3102 5 00:5022/11/3102 00:0132/11/310242/11/3102 82:9152/11/3102 3.0 00:3062/11/3102 6 00:6172/11/310282/11/3102 9.0 00:7192/11/310203/11/310242 26. 3102 3102 UT 3.1 00:0110/21/3102 4.0 00:2220/21/3102 22:0030/21/3102 00:0140/21/310250/21/3102 8 00:0060/21/310270/21/310280/21/3102 21:5190/21/3102 01/21/3102 --- 11/21/310221/21/3102 31/21/3102 00:6041/21/310251/21/3102 61/21/3102 ) 3102( 82:9071/21/3102 81/21/3102 5 00:7091/21/3102 00:0002/21/3102 --- --- 12/21/3102 11:71 00:4122/21/3102 32/21/3102 42/21/3102 84:3152/21/3102 5 00:3062/21/3102 1.1 00:3072/21/310282/21/3102 9.0 00:1092/21/3102 ---03/21/3102 13/21/3102 : 3102 Observers Handbook52 27. 3102 . : . . . . . ) ( . . ) (The Magest . .- - . .1 . .2 - . .3 - - . .4- - .5 :.6 Touring The Universe Through Binoculars - Philip Harrington. 7 The Guiness book of Astronomy - Patrick Moore8 Exploring the Night Sky with Binoculars - Patrick Moore9 The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations Michael Bakich10 Obserevers Handbook Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.11 Short Guide to Modern star Name and their deriviations - Paul Konitzch & Tim Smart12 Your guide to the sky Rick Shaffer13 Binocular Astronomy Crossen & Tirion . Red Shift . www.wikipedia.com .62 28. 3102 )( 72 29. 3102 )( ) (Pegasus ) (Andromeda ) (Pisces ) .(Aries ) (Perseus ) (Taurus ) .(Auriga ) (Orion . )( . . . ) (Pleiades )54 (M . ) 7 (sisters 7 41 0001 . ) (Hyades . 351 . ) (Aldeabaran 56 78.0+ . )) (Al Nath ( 86.1+ . 8291 . . ) (M1) (Crab Nebula . )( 4501 . ) ( ) (Auriga ) (Charioteer ) ( . . )) (Capella ( 80.0+ . ) (. . ) (menkalinan ) ( ) 98.1+( . 63 73 83 .82 30. 3102 )( 92 31. 3102 )( ) (Pegasus ) (Andromeda ) ( Perseus )(Taurus ) -(Orion - ) (Gemini ) (Leo . ) (Canis Major ) (Canis Minor . ) (Scorpio . " ") (Betelgeuse " " ) (Rigel )) (Bellatrix ( ) . (saiph . )) (Betelgeuse ( . 2.1+ 3.0+ 24.0+ . )) (Rigel ( 81.0+ 000058 . 53 83- . )) (Bellatrix ( 26.1+ . )) (saiph ( 60.2+ . ) ( ) (Alnitak ) (Mintaka .(Nitham )24 (M . . ) (Dark Nebula ) (Horse Head Nebula . . . ) (Canis Major ) (Sirius 64.1- . ) (Procyon )04.0+(. - )16.0- ( . .03 32. 3102 )( 13 33. 3102 )( ) (Pegasus ) (Andromeda )( ) (Perseus ) (Taurus ) (Orion ) (Canis Major & Canis Minor ) (Gemini ) (Ursa Major . . )( )) (Castor ( )69.1+( . ) ( )) (Pollux ( )51.1+( . ).(Extrasolar planet ) (Deep Sky Objects 53 . ) (Escimo Galaxy . ) ( ) ( ) (Regulus . 53.1+ )) (Algieba ( 89.1+ . ) (Denebola ) ( 61.2+ . 56 66 59 69 03 53 . ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) . (. . ) (R Leonis 4.4+ 3.11+ 213 01 . 6 . ) (Hydra ) (Sextans ) (Crater ) (Corvus 95.2+ .23 34. 3102 )( 33 35. 3102 )( ) (Leo ) (Virgo ) (Ursa Major . ) (Gemini ) (Castor ) (Pollux ) (Taurus ) (Orion . ) ( ) ( . ) ( ) ( )) (Dubhe ( 97.1+ ) (Merak 43.2+ . ) (. . " " ) ( ) (Mizar 32.2+ ) (Alcor 99.3+ . . 05 . 18 28 101 ) ( Pinwheel 801 901. 18 28 18 28 . ) ) (Owl nebula : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_major ) ( . . ) . " " (. )) (polaris ( "" 79.1+ . ) (Kochab 70.2+ ) (Pherkad 00.3+ . ) ( ) ( ).(Eltanin ) . (.43 36. 3102 )( 53 37. 3102 )( ) (Taurus ) (orion ) (Gemini ) (Leo) (Virgo ) (Libra ) (Scorpio ) ( )(Bootes ).(Corona Borealis ) (Vega ) (Lyra ) (Altair ) (Aquila ) (Deneb ) (Cygnus ) (Scorpio . ) (Arcturos . ) (Arcturus 40.0- . ) ) (Izar ( ) (pulcherrima . . ) (Alphekka 32.2+ . - . ) (Spica 40.1+ ) ( . ) ( ) (Zavijava 16.3+ . 2291 . )) (Porrima ( 46.2+ 8.21+ ) ( . )) (Zaniah ( . 0051 05-06 401 ) (Sombrero Galaxy . 78 ) (luminous 008 )( 16 48 68 94 98 85 95 ) 52 04 ( .63 38. 3102 )( 73 39. 3102 )( ) (Leo ) (Virgo ) (Libra ) (Scorpio . ) (Gemini ) (Auriga . . ) (Vega ) (Lyra ) (Altair ) (Aquila ) (Deneb ) (Cygnus . ) (Draco . . )) (Eltanin ( 42.2+. 56.3+. 0005 0072 . ) (Rastaban ) (Alwaid 97.2+. ) (Alrakis 29.4+. ) (. ) (Hercules . . . . ) (kornephoros 87.2+. 13.3+ . ) ( . . 31 000003 . 29 31 000001 01 )4 ( 31 01 . ) ( Solar Apex . ) ( 05.61 / 022 / .83 40. 3102 )( 93 41. 3102 )( ) (Libra ) (Scorpio )(Auriga . ) (Virgo . ) (Bootes ) (Corona Boreales ) . (Hercules . . ) ( 8.2+ 51.5+ )( 7.2+. . 185 Gliese 6 Gliese g ). (Habitable Zone ) ( 90.1+ )) (Antares ( . 004 00001 00056 . . ) .(Alniyat ) ( ) (Dschubba 92.2+. 4 3.1 6 7 6 ) (ButterFly Cluster . 2.4+. 7 )( 3.3+ . ) ( . ) (Ras Alhague 80.2+ ) (Cebelari . 01 21 41 91 26 701 . 01 21 ) 26( . 26 26 . 59.5 5.9 .04 42. 3102 )( 14 43. 3102 )( ) (Scorpio ) (Antares ) (Sagittarius ) (Lyra ) (Cygnus ) (Aquila ) (Corona Boreales ) (Hercules . . )) (Vega ( . ) ( 30.0+. )) (Sheliak ( ) (Sulafat 42.3+ 4.3+. 9.3+. 65 75. 75 (Ring) Nebula )( . 01 . 65 8 . ) (Aquila )) (Altair ( 67.0+ . . " " ) (. ) ( . ) ( 241 341 . 331 . ) (Cygnus . ) ( )) (Deneb ( 52.1+ "" "" 00006 . ) (Albireo . ) ( (NGC)0007 . 92 ) ( 01- 21 . 93 . - 1 )1- (Cygnus X - 1 1-.Scorpio X24 44. 3102 )( 34 45. 3102 )( ) (Scoprio )( ) (Sagittarius ) (Capricornus )( ) (Cepheus ) (Cassiopeia ) ( ) (Aquarius . )( . . . 571%. . 58.1 20.2+ ) (Nunki . 79.3 39.3 . 21 12 32 52 22 82 8 ) (Lagoon Nebula 02 ) (Trifid Nebula 71 ). (Omega Nebula )( . . . )(Algedi 32.4+ 75.3+. - 70.3+ . 68.2+ . . 52.32 . 03 . . ) ( 19.2+ ) ( 69.2+ ) ( 48.3+ 77.3+ ). (Scheat 2 000001 27 37 . .Helix Nebula44 46. 3102 )( 54 47. 3102 )( . ) (Scoprio ) .(Sgaittarius ) (Cassiopeia )( ) (Cepheus ) (Andromeda ) (Pegasus . )( 3 4 ) ( W M . ) ( . ) (Schedir 2.32+ . 22.2+ ) (Caph ) (Ruchbah 86.2+. 52 25 001 . 301 )( 52 . 01*05 . )( . ) (Alderamin 34.2+ ) (Alfirk 32.3+. 4871 7.3+ . )( 881 NGC 021 21 81 . 6931 IC 01 * 05 7*53 . 0003 031 . . . . . 60.2+ ) (Scheat 4.2+ 38.2+ 94.2+ ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (. 51 4.6 +. ) ( . 64 48. 3102 )( 74 49. 3102 )( ) (Taurus ) (Orion ) (Canis Major ) (Canis Minor . . ) (Pegasus ) (Cassiopeia ) (Cepheus ) (Andromeda ) (Perseus . . )1( )2( . . ) (Alpheratz ) (Sirrah 8291 . 60.2+ ) (Mirach 1.2+. ) (Almach 41.2+. . ) (. " " 2.5 " " 13. ) ( 002- 004 )( . ) ( ).(local group of Galaxies 41 23 011. " " ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . ) (Mirfak ) ( 97.1+ ) ) (Algol ( 2.2+ 93.3+ . 968 NGC 488 NGC ) (Double Clustor 051- 002 . 43 06 . 21- 31 .84 50. 3102 )(94 51. 3102 )( ) (Cepheus ) (Pegasus ) (Aquarius ) (Androemda ) .(Perseus ) (Taurus )1( ) (Orion . ) (sirius ) (Procyon . ) (Pisces ) (Aries ) (Cetus . ) ( . )( )( ) (Alrescha . ) ( 97.3+ . 26.3+. 0002 008 . " " ) ( )) (Mira Cetus ( 233 . ) (Deneb Kaitos ) (Diphda . 40.2+ ) (Menkhar 35.2+ ) (Baten Kaitos 37.3+. 86.11 . 77 )( . - . - - . ) ( . ) (Hamal 00.2+ )(Sheratan 46.2 ) (Al Butain 53.4+ . 33 3.6+ 33.2 . 05 52. 3102 3102 : 1 - : : : . : . : . . : 3102. 1 T )( 67 s 59.0 00:452:362:0 52:12 01/5/3102 67.1 s 610.1 04:382:5184:21 50:01 -3/11/3102 1: : T ) UT ( TDT) ( . : http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html15 53. 3102 01/5/3102 - 3/11/310225 54. 3102 2 - : : : . . : . : . 1 T )( 67 s 70:411:22 :027040:81 52 . 67 s 62:0 72:411:4 35:3 52 67 s 63:415:61 33:4151:21 82 1: : T ) UT ( TDT) ( .2. .3. : http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html 35 55. 3102 Occultations : : . . . 6411 4914. 1 - : : 1 T )( ))( ( : "455402+10:1 31:52267 s : 21:4 4h 18m 48s 31:31 : "856502+ 61:0167 s 75:2 : 814h 20m 47s) ( : "553011-50:32 63:81 67 s : 92:4 8 13h 40m 14s 55:9 50:9 : "625541- 67 s- : 05:0 1 15h 01m 21s : "330451-53:273:32 92 67 s- : 85:2 15h 12m 59s 2 - :1T )( ) ) ( ( 67 s : "414491-35:3 31:3102:9 : 7 . 18h 44m 53s 67 s : 72:3 45:02 72:71 "331491+ 6 : 18h 47m 42s45 56. 3102 67 s : 74:2 82:214:32 "259391-3 : 18h 49m 04s 67 s : 52:262:8 10:6 "800491- 03 :18h 48m 51s 67 s : 53:2 42:61 94:31 "242491- 72 : 18h 47m 11s 67 s : 94:2 65:1 70:32 "427491- 42 :18h 44m 34s 67 s : 93:2 92:1184:8 "923591- 12 18h 41m 42s 67 s : 54:1 12:91 63:71"200002- 71 :18h 39m 24s :"458280- :74:3 45:91 70:61 67 s 21h 47m 45s03 67 s- : 20:1 11:9 90:8 "657350- 72 : 22h 00m 04s 67 s- : 70:3 84:7114:41 "304440- 8 : 22h 17m 32s 67 s : 13:4 54:3241:91 "313402+ 81 : 04h 41m 28s55 57. 31023 - : 1T ) ) ) ((( : "543111-84:1295:71 67 s 15:3 5 : 13h 25m 54s : "153111- 04:384:32 67 s 25:3 : 2 13h 25m55s : 12:940:5 "553111- 71:4 67 s : 1 13h 25m 55s : "853111-55:61 04:21 67 s 51:4 : 82 13h 25m 56s :53:222:22 "953111- 31:4 67 s : 52 13h 25m 56s : "953111- 00:3164:8 67 s 41:4 22 : 13h 25m 56s : "853111- 82:2201:81 67 s 81:4 81 : 13h 25m 56s :"753111-05:5 63:1 67 s 41:4 : 61 13h 25m 55s 65 58. 3102 : "553111- 22:11 72:767 s 55:3 : 21 13h 25m 55s : "353111- 82:383:61 01:31 67 s . 8 : 13h25m 55s :"353111-71:3 54:882:5 67 s 2 : 13h 25m 55s : "553111-40:9135:51 92 67 s 11:3 : 13h 25m 55s : "004111-92:2 81:494:1 7267 s : 13h 25m 56s 1: : T ) UT ( ) TDT ( .http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecA/2013/olist13.html75 59. 3102 3102 ) 4341 5341 ( : ) ( ) ( 4341 02 10/20/3102 4341 81 10/10/3102 4341 12 20/20/3102 4341 91 20/10/3102 4341 22 30/20/3102 4341 02 30/10/3102 4341 32 40/20/3102 4341 12 40/10/3102 4341 42 50/20/3102 4341 22 50/10/3102 4341 52 60/20/3102 4341 32 60/10/3102 4341 62 70/20/3102 4341 42 70/10/3102 4341 72 80/20/3102 4341 52 80/10/3102 4341 82 90/20/3102 4341 62 90/10/3102 4341 92 01/20/3102 4341 72 01/10/3102 4341 10 11/20/3102 4341 82 11/10/3102 4341 20 21/20/3102 4341 92 21/10/3102 4341 30 31/20/3102 4341 10 31/10/3102 4341 40 41/20/3102 4341 20 41/10/3102 4341 50 51/20/3102 4341 30 51/10/3102 4341 60 61/20/3102 4341 40 61/10/3102 4341 70 71/20/3102 4341 50 71/10/3102 4341 80 81/20/3102 4341 60 81/10/3102 4341 90 91/20/3102 4341 70 91/10/3102 4341 01 02/20/3102 4341 80 02/10/3102 4341 11 12/20/3102 4341 90 12/10/3102 4341 21 22/20/3102 4341 01 22/10/3102 4341 31 32/20/3102 4341 11 32/10/3102 4341 41 42/20/3102 4341 21 42/10/3102 4341 51 52/20/3102 4341 31 52/10/3102 4341 61 62/20/3102 4341 41 62/10/3102 4341 71 72/20/3102 4341 51 72/10/3102 4341 81 82/20/3102 4341 61 82/10/3102 4341 71 92/10/3102 4341 81 03/10/3102 4341 91 13/10/3102 85 60. 3102 ) ( ) ( 4341 02 10/40/3102 4341 91 10/30/3102 4341 12 20/40/3102 4341 02 20/30/3102 4341 22 30/40/3102 4341 12 30/30/3102 4341 32 40/40/3102 4341 22 40/30/3102 4341 42 50/40/3102 4341 32 50/30/3102 4341 52 60/40/3102 4341 42 60/30/3102 4341 62 70/40/3102 4341 52 70/30/3102 4341 72 80/40/3102 4341 62 80/30/3102 4341 82 90/40/3102 4341 72 90/30/3102 4341 92 01/40/3102 4341 82 01/30/3102 4341 03 11/40/3102 4341 92 11/30/3102 4341 10 21/40/3102 4341 03 21/30/3102 4341 20 31/40/3102 10 4341 31/30/3102 4341 30 41/40/3102 20 4341 41/30/3102 4341 40 51/40/3102 30 4341 51/30/3102 4341 50 61/40/3102 40 4341 61/30/3102 4341 60 71/40/3102 50 4341 71/30/3102 4341 70 81/40/3102 60 4341 81/30/3102 4341 80 91/40/3102 70 4341 91/30/3102 4341 90 02/40/3102 80 4341 02/30/3102 4341 01 12/40/3102 90 4341 12/30/3102 4341 11 22/40/3102 01 4341 22/30/3102 4341 21 32/40/3102 11 4341 32/30/3102 4341 31 42/40/3102 21 4341 42/30/3102 4341 41 52/40/3102 31 4341 52/30/3102 4341 51 62/40/3102 41 4341 62/30/3102 4341 61 72/40/3102 51 4341 72/30/3102 4341 71 82/40/3102 61 4341 82/30/3102 4341 81 92/40/3102 71 4341 92/30/3102 4341 91 03/40/3102 81 4341 03/30/3102 91 434113/30/3102 95 61. 3102 ) ( ) ( 22 4341 10/60/3102 4341 02 10/50/3102 32 4341 20/60/31024341 12 20/50/3102 42 4341 30/60/31024341 22 30/50/3102 52 4341 40/60/3102 4341 32 40/50/3102 62 4341 50/60/3102 4341 42 50/50/3102 72 4341 60/60/3102 4341 52 60/50/3102 82 4341 70/60/3102 4341 62 70/50/3102 92 4341 80/60/3102 4341 72 80/50/3102 03 4341 90/60/31024341 82 90/50/3102 10 434101/60/31024341 92 01/50/3102 20 434111/60/3102 434110 11/50/3102 30 434121/60/3102 434120 21/50/310240 434131/60/3102 434130 31/50/310250 434141/60/3102 434140 41/50/310260 434151/60/3102 434150 51/50/310270 434161/60/3102434160 61/50/3102 80 434171/60/3102434170 71/50/3102 90 434181/60/3102 434180 81/50/3102 01 434191/60/3102 434190 91/50/310211 434102/60/3102 434101 02/50/310221 434112/60/3102 434111 12/50/310231 434122/60/3102 434121 22/50/310241 434132/60/3102434131 32/50/3102 51 434142/60/3102434141 42/50/3102 61 434152/60/3102 434151 52/50/3102 71 434162/60/3102 434161 62/50/310281 434172/60/3102 434171 72/50/310291 434182/60/3102 434181 82/50/310202 434192/60/3102 434191 92/50/310212 434103/60/3102434102 03/50/3102 434112 13/50/3102 06 62. 3102 ) ( ) ( 32 434110/80/3102 22 434110/70/3102 42 434120/80/3102 32 434120/70/3102 52 434130/80/3102 42 434130/70/3102 62 434140/80/3102 52 434140/70/3102 72 434150/80/3102 62 434150/70/3102 82 434160/80/3102 72 434160/70/3102 92 434170/80/3102 82 434170/70/310210 4341 80/80/3102 92 434180/70/3102 20 4341 90/80/3102 03 434190/70/3102 30 4341 01/80/3102 10 434101/70/3102 40 4341 11/80/3102 20 434111/70/3102 50 4341 21/80/3102 30 434121/70/3102 60 4341 31/80/3102 40 434131/70/3102 70 4341 41/80/3102 50 434141/70/310280 4341 51/80/3102 60 434151/70/3102 90 4341 61/80/3102 70 434161/70/3102 01 4341 71/80/3102 80 434171/70/3102 11 4341 81/80/3102 90 434181/70/3102 21 4341 91/80/3102 01 434191/70/3102 31 4341 02/80/3102 11 434102/70/3102 41 4341 12/80/3102 21 434112/70/310251 4341 22/80/3102 31 434122/70/3102 61 4341 32/80/3102 41 434132/70/3102 71 4341 42/80/3102 51 434142/70/3102 81 4341 52/80/3102 61 434152/70/3102 91 4341 62/80/3102 71 434162/70/3102 02 4341 72/80/3102 81 434172/70/3102 12 4341 82/80/3102 91 434182/70/310222 4341 92/80/3102 02 434192/70/3102 32 4341 03/80/3102 12 434103/70/3102 42 4341 13/80/3102 22 434113/70/3102 16 63. 3102 ) ( ) ( 52 434110/01/3102 52 4341 10/90/310262 434120/01/3102 62 4341 20/90/3102 72 434130/01/3102 72 4341 30/90/3102 82 434140/01/3102 82 4341 40/90/3102 92 434150/01/3102 92 4341 50/90/3102 10 4341 60/01/310203 4341 60/90/3102 20 4341 70/01/3102 10 4341 70/90/3102 30 4341 80/01/3102 20 4341 80/90/310240 4341 90/01/3102 30 4341 90/90/3102 50 4341 01/01/3102 40 4341 01/90/3102 60 4341 11/01/3102 50 4341 11/90/3102 70 4341 21/01/3102 60 4341 21/90/3102 80 4341 31/01/3102 70 4341 31/90/3102 90 4341 41/01/3102 80 4341 41/90/3102 01 4341 51/01/3102 90 4341 51/90/310211 4341 61/01/3102 01 4341 61/90/3102 21 4341 71/01/3102 11 4341 71/90/3102 31 4341 81/01/3102 21 4341 81/90/3102 41 4341 91/01/3102 31 4341 91/90/3102 51 4341 02/01/3102 41 4341 02/90/3102 61 4341 12/01/3102 51 4341 12/90/3102 71 4341 22/01/3102 61 4341 22/90/310281 4341 32/01/3102 71 4341 32/90/3102 91 4341 42/01/3102 81 4341 42/90/3102 02 4341 52/01/3102 91 4341 52/90/3102 12 4341 62/01/3102 02 4341 62/90/3102 22 4341 72/01/3102 12 4341 72/90/3102 32 4341 82/01/3102 22 4341 82/90/3102 42 4341 92/01/3102 32 4341 92/90/310252 4341 03/01/3102 42 4341 03/90/3102 62 4341 13/01/3102 26 64. 3102 ) ( ) ( 72 5341 10/21/3102 72 4341 10/11/3102 82 5341 20/21/3102 82 4341 20/11/3102 92 5341 30/21/3102 92 4341 30/11/310210 534140/21/3102 03 4341 40/11/3102 20 534150/21/3102 10 534150/11/3102 30 534160/21/3102 20 534160/11/3102 40 534170/21/3102 30 534170/11/3102 50 534180/21/310240 534180/11/3102 60 534190/21/3102 50 534190/11/3102 70 534101/21/3102 60 534101/11/310280 534111/21/3102 70 534111/11/3102 90 534121/21/3102 80 534121/11/3102 01 534131/21/3102 90 534131/11/3102 11 534141/21/3102 01 534141/11/3102 21 534151/21/310211 534151/11/3102 31 534161/21/3102 21 534161/11/3102 41 534171/21/3102 31 534171/11/310251 534181/21/3102 41 534181/11/3102 61 534191/21/3102 51 534191/11/3102 71 534102/21/3102 61 534102/11/3102 81 534112/21/3102 71 534112/11/3102 91 534122/21/310281 534122/11/3102 02 534132/21/3102 91 534132/11/3102 12 534142/21/3102 02 534142/11/310222 534152/21/3102 12 534152/11/3102 32 534162/21/3102 22 534162/11/3102 42 534172/21/3102 32 534172/11/3102 52 534182/21/3102 42 534182/11/3102 62 534192/21/310252 534192/11/3102 72 534103/21/3102 62 534103/11/3102 82 534113/21/3102 72 4341 10/11/3102 : ) / ( ICOP36 65. 3102 : : 004.483 : 014.653 796.604 166123.72 166123.72 92 21 44 3 ) (0863 / 5 9` 13` 6 33` 13 92` 2243.3 ) = 1( 210.0 020.0 6.6743 83.2 / 561.0 70.0 7.21 - 711 711 58 : :- ) Oceanus Mare Lacus 1. Palus -: ( Sinus :- 2. :- 3. :- 4. :- 5. :- 6.1 - )) (( : . . 0031 .46 66. 3102 : Oceanus Procellarum: Maria : Sinus: Palus : Lacus2 - : . . . Jura Mts Plato Uplands Straight Range . Alps Mts . Apennine Mts Carpathian Mts . Pyrenees Mts . Taurus Mts . Haemns Mts . 3 - : Craters . Bailly 294Km . ) ( . . . Ghosts craters . " " . 0001 . 4 - Vallis Alpis . 661 01 . . .56 67. 3102 Sinus Iridum .Jeweled Handle Jura . ) ( Straight Wall ! . 021 . 003 . .66 68. 2013 Name 11W43S 84 km TY Tycho20W10N 97 kmC Copernicus 38W8N35 kmK Kepler9W 51N 97 km PL Plato 11W15N 61 km ER Eratosthenes4W 30N 75 km AC Archimedes3W 14S148 km PT Ptolemaeous3W 13S129 km AL Alphonsus 2W 18S 97 km AZ Arzachel4W 22S 60 km TH Thebit 48E 2S9*11km MMessier 40W18S 89 kmG Gassendi 1E50N 97 km AS Aristoteles 16E44N 64 km EU Eudoxus 44E47N 69 km AT Atlas39E46N 72 kmH Hercules67 69. 3102 : Solar System .Sun . 051 .Astronomical Unit 251 741 . . Earth Planets - - Moons , 641 32 ) 1102(. Asteroids 8.2 . Kuiper Built . Comets )( . . Meteoroids Meteors .Meteorites86 70. 3102 : . Physical Elements 1 2 )=1()/3(mass ) (mean)1=(Earth density )3(t/m 14.1 0.649 2330 035 293 1Sun 34.5 472 550.00 978 4Mercury 42.5 600 518.00 401 21 Venus315.5 000 000.1892/1 657 21 Earth 43.3 003 210.00 574 3Moon39.3844 701.0841/1297 6 Mars 333.1 038.713 4.51/1489 241Jupiter 396.0161.59 2.01/1 635 021 Saturn372.1635.41 6.34/1 811 15Uranus346.1841.71 5.85/1 825 94Neptune28.1481200.0 0 0932 Pluto 1 = ) - (/ .2 = 279.5 0142 : .Earths mass = 5.972 1024 kg 3 1 ).At a depth of 1 atmosphere (101.325 kPa96 71. 3102 Physical Elements ) ( 64 4 /axial )/( )=1( object 5 inclinatio)(escapen rotationaspeed acceleratio albed ) ( l period )(km/s n of gravity o )(d )1=(Earth---- ---- 752 53 5.716 9.72 Sun 11.0 0.0 2646.852.483.0 Mercury 56.04.7715810.342 4.01 09.0 Venus73.0 4.3272799.02.11 00.1 Earth 21.0 7.6 66123.72 4.271.0 Moon51.0 2.5269520.10.583.0 Mars 825.0 1.3 5314.0 5.95 35.2 Jupiter74.0 7.6210444.05.53 60.1 Saturn A15.0 8.7933817.03.12 09.0 Uranus B14.0 3.8252176.05.32 41.1 Neptune C 3.05.22122783.63.180.0 Pluto .4 = 56608.9 /2.5 .6 .7 ) (. 8 A William Herschel 31/3/1871. B ) Le Verrier Adams (. Johann Galle 32/9/6481. C Clyde Tombaugh 81/2/0391. )( 6002 IAU .dwarf planet07 72. 3102 31023102 Heliocentric Orbital Elements for 81 )( 3102 = 5.0046 542 ) JD (Julian Date mean ecliptic equinox 00.0002( 2000 January 1.5 = JD 245 1545.0 =) J orbital periodmean distance from Sun, a object 3 2 )=1( 1)( ,sidereal year synodicP106 kmAU year, S)1=(Earth )(d88.511 9042.02909.75 990783.0 Mercury 49.385 2516.0802.801 623327.0 Venus ---0000.1795.941 699999.0 4Earth4358.977 9088.1449.722 417325.1 Mars 478.8931268.11323.877 077202.5 Jupiter 331.8732533.9284.3241 224515.9 Saturn736.9630712.4814.5782 59022.91 Uranus 374.7630457.461 87.7944 38560.03 Neptune437.6639421.642 57.7785 73092.93 Pluto6 ) :Astronomical Unit (AU ) 1 semi-major axis ( 517 879 594.1 018 . 365.256363 = PE. 2 : = / 3 - . 417 73. 3102 31023102 Heliocentric Orbital Elements for)( 81 )( 3102 = 5.0046 542 ) JD (Julian Date mean ecliptic equinox 00.0002( 2000 January 1.5 = JD 245 1545.0 =) J 5 longitude orbital eccentricity, eof longitude inclination objectlongitudperihelioof,i e at n, ascendin )( ,epoch )( g node, L ) ( ) (3934.06 4474.770513.84 3400.7 536502.0 Mercury 7216.61 0077.131 0446.67 7493.3 687600.0 Venus 0345.9231869.201 0006.6717100.0 117610.0 6Earth6221.4520050.633 6525.94 7848.1 643390.0 Mars6868.75 5724.419215.0018303.1 219840.0 Jupiter0224.4026061.090395.3117784.2 527550.0 Saturn 1535.7 9799.861 2459.37 3277.0 401640.0 Uranus 3917.2333851.944087.1313967.1 105010.0 Neptune2073.7523295.322 5092.011 4161.71 456542.0 Pluto 5 . 6 - . : 3102 Observers Handbook27 74. 3102 ) 1/3102( : 9.02+ 32/1 9.02- 9/1 61/1 )2.7+( : 3/1 ) 6.6-( 03/1 )3.5- ( 1/1 )7.6+( :82/1 )6.6+( 41/1 )6.6- ( 81/1 .: . 3 : 01/1. 2.4- . . 21 31 /1 . 42/1 : 2.1+ . 03/1 . 81/1 . 7.2- . 21 . 81 22 . 6.0+ . . 9.5+ . . 37 75. 3102 ) 2 / 3102 ( : 6.02+ 91/2 7.02- 6/2 31/2 )0.6+( : 52/2 )0.5-( 42 /2 )6.6+( : 01/2 )6.6-( . 61/2 81 0.1- . 3.0 8/2 : 51 . 5 11/2. 2.0 12/2. . : 9.3- . . .: 2.1+ . . 81/2 . 5.2- . 91/2 . . 9.5+ . 12/2 47 76. 3102 ) 3/ 3102 ( : 3.02+ 81/3 4.02- 5/3 21/3 )1.5+( : 52/3 )6.5-( 32/3 )7.6+( : 9/3 )6.6- ( 4/3. . . . 13/3 2.0+ 82/3. Cytherean . . . 8.1 71 81 /3. 3.2- . .. 4.0+ . 92/ 3 . .57 77. 3102 ) 4/ 3102 ( : 2.02+ 51/4 2.02- 1/4 82/4 8/4 )1.5+( : 12/4 )6.6- ( 02/4 )8.6+( : 5/4 )8.6- ( 52/4. ) ( 2.0+ 3.0- 12/4. . 2/4 . . 9.3- . . . 41/4. 1.2- . . 82/4 1.0+ 37 ) 28.8 . 1.81 . 34 91 . . 9.5+. . .67 78. 3102 ) 5/ 3102 ( : 02.02+ 8/5 2.02 - 22/5 21/5 )2.6( : 02/5 )4.7-( 71/5 )9.6+( : 2/5 )8.6 -( 03/5)8.6- ( 01/5 . 52/5 . 9467.0+ . 11/5 81/5 7 12/5. 52 72/5 4.1 . 0.1- 3.2- 11/5 3.1- 12/5. . 52- 72 /5 . 9.3-. . 21/5. . . . 82 . 1.0+ 3.0+ . . 77 79. 3102 ) 6/ 3102 ( : 02.02+ 8/6 2.02 - 22/6 8/6 )3.7+( 92/6 :)9.7+( 71/6 )6.7-( 31/6 )8.6+( : 62/6 )7.6-( 01/6. 6 ) 42 ( 21/6. . 9.1 02/6 ) ( . 4.0- 3.1+ 12/6. ) .(WNW 42- 52 6/6. 01/6 5 .) (. 8.3- . 5.1+ . . 91/6. ) ( 1 11 12 /6 63:12 45:02 41:02 . 4.0+ . 9.5+ . . 7/6.87 80. 3102 ) 7 / 3102 ( : 02.02+ 6/7 1.02 - 02/7 72/7 )7.7+( : 51/7 )1.7-( 01/7 )7.6+( : 32/7 )6.6-( 9/7 02/7. ) 02 ( 03/7. 2.3+ 1.2+ 12/7. . 7 01/7. 62/7 2.1 . 8.3- . - . 53 61 71/7 ) 85.32+ ( 8.0 . 22/7 . 5.1+ . ) ( 9.1- . . . 9/7. 6.0+ . 81/7. 9.5+ . 9.7+ .97 81. 3102 ) 8 / 3102 ( : 1.02+ 2/8 1.91+ 92/8 9.91 - 61/8 42/8 )9.6+( : 21/8 )0.6-( 6/8 )6.6+( : 91/8 )5.6- ( 1.1- 8.1- . 5/8 . 42/8. . 5 01/8 ) 21 (. 9.3- . - . 5 4/8 . 6.1+ . - . 3 4 13/8. 0.2- . - . . 8.5+ . 72/8 0.4 ) 0.92 ( 4.2 .08 82. 3102 ) 9 / 3102 ( : 6.91+ 12/9 7.91- 21/9 12/9 ).59+( : 7/9 )8.4-( 2/9 )7.6+( 13/9 : ) 8.6+( 61/9 )7.6-( . . 42/9 8.0 . 2.1- 2.0- . - . 5/9 8.1 8/9 4.0 . . 61- 12/9 . 0.4- 2.4- . 44 006 . 6.1+ . . 5 82/9. 1.2- . - . 61- 12/9 . 7.0+ . . . 7.5+ . 72 . 8.7+ .18 83. 3102 ) 01 / 3102 ( : 5.91+ 32/01 5.91 - 9/01 81/01 )3.5+( : 4/01 )8.4- ( 13/01 ) 7.5-( 72/01 )9.6+( : 31/01 )8.6- ( 81/01 . 8510.0+ . . 3 6/01. )52 ( 9/01 . 5 01/01. . 0.0+ 12/01 5.0+ . 6.1 61/01 . 8/01 5 . 2.4- 4.4- . . 51/01. 1/01 03/01. 6.1+ . . 23:40 UT 21/01 . 2.2- . . 3/01 . 7.5+ 6.2 ) 0.91 ( 7.3 5.3 . . . .28 84. 3102 ) 11 / 3102 ( : 5.91+ 91/11 5.91 - 6/11 31/11 ).58+( : 82/11 )8.6-( 32/11 )9.6+( : 9/11 )8.6-( 3/11 . . . 1/11 . )91 ( 81/11. 3.0 62/11 . 11/11 3.0+ 12/11 7.0 . )74 ( 1/11 2 . 8 7/11. . 5.4- 8.4- . . 72/11 . 5.1+ 3.1+ . . 7/11. 4.2- . 6/11. . 7.5+ 8.5 + . . ) ( 31 . 9.7+ .38 85. 3102 ) 21 / 3102 ( : 6.91+ 71/21 5.91 - 3/21 13/21 ) 6.91-( 01/21 )0.7+( : 72/21 )7.7-( 02/21 )7.6+( : 6/21 )7.6-( 92/21. 6.0- 0.1- 12/21. 8 5/21. ) 9.4-( 6/21 62% 14 4.3 . 11/1/4102. 1 . 62/21. 72- 03/21 .Porrima Virgo 2.1+ 0.1+ . . 5/1/4102 . 91/21 5 . 6.2- . . 1 92 /21 . 6.0+ . . 81/21 8.5 + . . 9.7+ .48 86. 3102 : . .]1[ .]2] ) ( 000,01 . .]3] 6002 . :1 - . 2 - ) ( . 3 - . ) ( . ) (.]1] . : . - - .]2] : ) ( ) ( ) (.]4]58 87. 3102 . 059 7% . 1081 . ]5[ 4 2 01 ) ( 05% .]6] ) ( 6 5. : .]7[ .]8[ : . . :1 - 6002 : /3060http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/detail/iau2 - : /http://www.universetoday.com/33006/what-is-the-difference-between-asteroids-and-comets 3 - : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt 4 - :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid#Distribution_within_the_Solar_System 5 - ) ( :)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet6 - :http://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/EPM2004.pdf7 - :http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/DawnCommunity/flashbacks/fb_07_rev.pdf8 - : http://www.spaceguarduk.com/asteroid-quest-level-1/finding-a-observing-asteroidsneos68 88. 3102 3102 : 3102: . 71 6991 3 4 . 3102 6991 6 . 53. . )( 2102 1.9 4.8. 2102 3.7 6.6 ) ( . 3102 . )( 8152 NGC 53 )( )( . ) ( 3102 4102 .]1[ ) ( . : . ) ( 81 4.6 7.6 . ) ( 9.6 1.7 )(5.7 8.7 )( 9.7 3.8 )( 2.8 6.8 )( 4.8 8.8 .]1[ 6.8 9.8.]2[ 78 89. 3102: . 7 . )( ) 7.1( )( )( . ) 1.1( )(.]3[]4[ . )( )( . .]4[: .]5[ ) ( 6.6 . ) ( 9.6 )( 5.7 8152 NGC 53 )( 2.8 )( 4.8. )( .]1[ : .]6[ 6.9.]7[ 01 ) ( 03 )( 82 )( . 12 )( 22 )( 9 ) ( .]8[ : .]9[ )( 6.9 1.9 8.8 )(. )( 6.8 . 51 8 )(. 7.8 ) ( 9.8.]2[88 90. 3102 :]1[: : 2102 3102. : -3102-http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/asteroids/Ceres-and-Vesta-July 148149915.html]2[: : 3 3102:001_51_40803102=http://dcford.org.uk/news.php?id ]3[: 2102 3102 ) (: http://media.skyandtelescope.com/documents/WEB_Dec12_CeresVesta.pdf ]4[: . ]5[: 4 :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Vesta]6[: 2 :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Pallas ]7[: )2( 2102. : http://www.rasnz.org.nz/MinorP/2012Pallas.htm]8[: 0102 3102:http://www.carolbarbeau.com/major-planetary-aspects-for-2010-to-2013.html ]9[: 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Juno98 91. 3102 : * Asteroid 103 KmName 239 4.75.314 16.4Ceres 1 425 0.82.414 16.4Pallas 2 662 7.87.893 63.4Juno 3 015 5.69.253 36.3Vesta4 421 8.90.583 41.4Astraea5 291 3.84.263 87.3Hebe 6 202 8.74.653 96.3Iris 7 041 7.89.823 72.3Flora 8 071 1.97.653 96.3Metis 9 8242.018.074 95.5Hygeia01 261 9.95.663 48.3 Parthenope11 611 9.95.943 65.3Victoria21 661 8.98.683 61.4Irene 41 272 5.88.593 03.4Eunomia 51 462 9.97.734 00.5Psyche 61 841 9.82.443 84.3 Melpomene81 0021.019.563 18.3Fortuna91 051 2.96.063 47.3Massalia 02 0111.016.063 52.4Thalia 32 031 9.98.053 06.3Euterpe 72 8120.019.083 80.4 Amphitrite 92 6012.011.563 18.3Isis24462.012.923 72.3Ariadne 3427 9.92.263 77.3Nysa44 8012.013.853 07.3Ausonia 36 . . * 433 Eros 2.01 3.8 . 1002 .09 92. 3102 3102 : 7 - 4 - 3 - 1 ) (0.01 82 0.7 82 9.9 71 3.782 8.9 7 2.781 2 7.9 72 5.781 2 6.971 4.782 2 5.97 7.782 2 4.972 6.77 3.9 71 8.7 7 1.9 7 8.7 71 1.9 72 1.871 8.871 9.7 72 0.96 3.872 5.872 0.9 61 4.8 9 2.8 6 1.9 62 9.761 6 - 3.95 2 - 0.862 0.01 82 4.9 51 4.8 4 1 2.8 5 8.9 8 5.9 52 2.841 1 4.8 51 7.9 81 7.95 11.842 1 6.8 52 6.9 82 8.9 51 1 9.7 3 2 4102 8.8 517.9 7 9.9 52 1 0.951 18.9 71 1.952 18.9 72 3.9 42 4.941 2 72 - 02 41 8 - 9.98 9.952 9.982 2 9.97 6.9517.97 7.971 92 - 3.9 51 15.9 71 4.972 9.97 0.9 52 12.9 72 1.97 7.971 9.8420.9 9 8.871 5.972 1.9 41 29.8 91 9.872 2.99 4.9 42 20.9 92 1.9 6 3.991 6.9411.9 8 3.9 61 6.992 8.9 41 14.981 5.9 62 8.98 0.01 42 16.9 82 7.951 0.01 81 8.9 8 9.951 10.01 81 0.0152 1 04 - 52 - 81 - 9 - 9.9 92 01 81 8.9 42 16.882 9.9 92 7.93 2 4102 9.881 20.01 8 2.982 2 5.97 7.971 0.0172 19 93. 3102 115 423 511 24 9.9 42 29.971 9.9 71 00.0151 18.9416.972 9.9 71 00.0152 19.9 41 13.9 6 8.9 72 0.961 6.862 612 44 335 3.8 5 9.952 100.01 5 1 8.941 1.8 51 7.9 42 6.9 41 1 3.8 52 5.941 2 4.9 42 1 6.8 5 6.942 2 5.9 3 2 4102 9.8 51 9.9 412.9 52 98 4.9 4 1 9.96 7.9 41 1 7.9 61 9.9 42 1 5.9 62 3.95 783 2.9 51 9.972 2.9 52 7.97 3.95 7.971 4.9 51 9.972 6.9 52 9.94 1 : Observers Hand Book29 94. 3102 3102 : 51 80.8.2 7.821)2246P/NEAT (2010 V 01 ---28.10.8 1)1LINEAR (2011 F 12011 F 517.7 26.2 2.1391P/Russell 91P1 ---03.02.013)4PanSTARRS (2011 L 42011 L 71 69.9 96.24.713)2256P/LINEAR (2012 B 22012 B9 ---37.04.423)6Lemmon (2012 F 62012 F 71 58.4 60.19.423197P/ LINEAR 197P 81 8.51 09.26.014)2PanSTARRS (2012 F 22012 F 51 2.31 59.18.01463P/Wild 13.5 50.05.314)4P/SOHO (2002 R4 = 2007 Y 42002 R 61 74.6 06.1 7.7576P/West-Kohoutek-Ikemura - 31 ---05.1 0.9 5 )2LINEAR (2012 L 22012 L 61 76.6 75.19.31 5 114P/Wiseman-Skiff - 51 ---09.53.02 5 )1LINEAR (2010 S 2010 S 61 ---73.32.12 5 )6McNaught (2012 K 62012 K 02 74.3 00.21.32 5 )2P/LINEAR (2010 A 22010 A 71 43.6 59.16.32 5 175P/Hergenrother ??? 73.550.0 1.1 6 )3P/SOHO (2002 R1 = 2008 A 12002 R 61 72.7 31.2 4.4 6 )4257P/Catalina (2012 F 9195.719.1 8.5 6 )721P/LINEAR (2005 YQ 7212005 YQ 81 46.6 64.13.42 6 112P/Urata-Niijima - 91 25.9 96.10.92 6 )2P/LINEAR (2003 U 22003 U 8130.739.11.32 7 178P/Hug-Bell - 61 49.6 48.12.32 7 84P/Giclas 7105.61 38.33.32 7 )1PanSTARRS (2012 B 12012 B 51 16.6 93.15.82 7 184P/Lovas 41 42.5 90.1 0.6 7 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup - 61 0.81 06.3 2.8 7 )1P/Gehrels (1997 C 11 34.5 50.14.9 l7 46P/Wirtanen 81 21.7 01.2 7.2 8 )2P/McNaught (2006 K 22006 K 6160.521.13.32 8 79P/du Toit-Hartley - 71 46.6 33.28.13 8 )5P/Christensen (2006 U 51 34.7 76.1 4.5 8 98P/Takamizawa 31 22.7 79.1 0.1 9 102P/Shoemaker 25.550.05.01 9 )4P/SOHO (2002 Q8 = 2008 E 8002 8Q 51 49.9 57.3 3.8 9 121P/Shoemaker-Holt - 35.550.09.6201 8002 = 11P/SOHO (2002 S 2002 11S)6G 63.343.07.1211 2P/Encke 81 35.7 41.2 4.711 83D/Russell 83D . : Observers Hand Book http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds/preds13.pdf39 95. 3102 3102 : 3102. 2P/Encke 6871 . ) 2011 L4 (PanSTARRS 1- . . 2P/Encke 3.3 01 . / . / / . 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 01 0102. )(Hydra . / 3102 / .CCD 154P/Brewington 2991. . . / . )2011 F1 (LINEAR / / . . )2011 L4 (PanSTARRS . / 01 / / . )2012 F6 (Lemmon / 3102 49 96. 3102 : . " " . . . . . . . . . . Meteoroids . . .Meteor . . 11- 07/ . 011 08 . . . 08 - 011 . :-59 97. 3102 :Sporadic . . : Meteor shower . - - . . . . . )( . . - . . . . . ) ( . 011 07 08 . .69 98. 3102 3102 : . Perseids . Quadrantids Geminids Orionids Leonids . -Centaurids - Aquariids - Aquariids . -Delphinids 0391 . ZHR --- --- / . 81 1.2 9444+ 782 23.32 22/44/25 4/16 Lyrids55 4.2 66 10-8335.546/55/28 4/19 -Aquarids 61 2.3 14 61-043 721 03/78/23 7/12 S -Aquarids 75 71+ 213 11/7 -Delphinids 001 2.295 85+84 0.04121/8 8/24 7/17 Perseids 51 3.292 22+ 850 032 21/1112/10 10/1 Northern Taurids : .. : ; : : . 0002.J ) (. : . : 5.6 ) (. 8991. . ZHR . ") Var." = variable (. 3102 Alastair McBeath International Meteor Organization .Juergen Rendtel79 99. 3102 : ZHR Shower Name / / / 1.21/ 3 283.16230 +4914 1-5 / 1 021Quadrantids 0.3792 71 / 102+ 03182 1-42 / 1 4 Cancrids 0.2 2.913 7 / 2012 95-65 82 / 1 12 / 2 6 - Centaurids 0.342 / 2633 861 61+32 51 / 2 01 / 3 2 Leonids 4.231 / 3353 942 15-65 52/ 2 22 / 3 8 -Normids 0.352 / 3)400( 591 40-03 52 / 1 51 / 4 5Virginids 9.222 / 31.230 172 43+94 61-52 / 451Lyrids 0.242 / 45.330 011 54-81 51-82 / 4 .Var Puppids 7.2 6/55.540 833 10-6691/4 82/5 06Aquarids 5.202 / 5)950( 742 22-03 51/4 51/75Sagittarids 0.301/ 7 5.701 043 51+073 71 / 7 3Pegasids 0.3 31 / 7111230 84-74 61 01 .Var July Phoenicids 2.382 / 7521 143 03-53 51 / 7 01 / 85 Piscis Austrinids 2.382 /7 521 933 61-1421 91 / 7 02 Southern Aquarids 5.2 03 / 7 721 703 01-323 / 7 51 / 84 Capricornids 9.24 /8231 433 51-432 Southern Aquarids 4.3 9/8631 533 50-2451 / 7 - 52/ 84 Northern Aquarids 6.20.041 21 / 8640 85+95 71 / 7 42 / 8 041Perseids 0.3541 81 / 8682 95+523 52 / 83 Cygnids 2.3 741 02 /9723 60-13 11 13 / 83 Northern Aquarids 5.2 6.851 1 / 9480 24+6652 / 8 5 / 901Aurigids 0.3661 9 /9060 74+465 / 9 01/016Aurigids 0.3 771 02 /9500 10-621 03 / 9 3Piscids 6.2 4.591 9 / 01 262 45+026 01 / 01.Var Draconids 0.3502 81 / 01 201 72+0741 72 /01 2 Geminids 9.212 / 01 802 590 61+662 /01 7 /1102Orionids 3.2 5 / 11 322 250 31+721 / 01 52 / 11Southern Taurids 3.221 / 11 032 850 22+921 / 01 52 / 11Northern Taurids 5.2351 61.532 71 / 1122+17 11 / 21 -14 100+ Leonids 89 100. 3102 4.2 711 23.932 22 / 11 10+ 56 51 - 52 / 11 .Var Monocerotids 0.3 2 / 21052 28032+ 82 62 / 11 51 / Orionids 21 8.2 810 52.452 6 / 2135- 8182 / 11 9/ 21 .Var Phoenicids 0.3 752 9 / 2100180+ 24 72 / 11 71 /3 Monocerotids 21 9.2)552( 7 / 21 32154- 041 51 / 21 01 Puppid-Velids 0.3 062 21 / 21 72120+ 85 3 51 / 21 2 Hydrids 6.2 262 41 / 21 21133+ 53 7 17 / 21021Geminids 0.3 862 02 / 21 57152+ 5621 / 21 32 /1 5Coma Berenicids 0.3 7.072 22 / 21 71267+ 33 71 62 / 2101Ursids : Solar longitude . : & K Right Ascension .Declination ( Zenithal Hourly Rating ) : ZHR ) ( 5.6 . International Meteor ) . Organization (IMO 1102 1002 : .99 101. 3102 ) 0021 ( . . . . 003 ) + + + ... ( . . 005 . . . . . . . 2102 381 confirmed unconfirmed . / . . . ... . . . . . . 001 102. 3102 impact craters . ) (. . . . ) Mass Extinction (Doomsday Science . ) ( . : 7991 . . . 5991 751 381 02 . 01 / unconfirmed ) ( . . . . . 7002 : )1( )2( . : ))1( Astrogeology )2( . ) ( ) Earth Impact Database = ( EID . . . 101 103. 2013 : . )1( : Table (1): the largest named craters in the solar system Diameter Planet/ / KM / Moon Crater No.2500Moon South Pole Aitkin Basin -12100Mars Hellas Basin -21600 Mercury Skinakas Basin -31550 Mercury Caloris Basin -41100Moon Mare Imbrium-51100Mars Isidis Planitia -6 870Moon Mare Tranquilitatis -7 800Mars Argyre Planitia -8 700Moon Mare Serenitais -9 700Moon Mare Nubium -10 625 Mercury Beethoven -11 600 Callisto Valhalla-12 590Moon Hertzsprung -13 540Moon Apollo-14 470Mars Huygens - 15 440Titan Schiaparelli -16 430Moon Menerva -17 400 Mercury Korolev -18 400Tythes Dostiveski-19 390 Mercury Odysseus-20 102 104. 3102 )1( : Table (1): The Largest Named Craters in the Solar System/Planet / DiameterMoonCrater .No / KM083Mercury Tolstoj12- 053 Ganymede Goethe 22- 043Titania Mare Orientale32- 023Callisto Epigeus 42- 003EarthGertrude 52- 003 Venus Asgard 62- 072 Ganymede Mead72- )1( : : 6743 the Moon: 0484 Callisto: 0725 Ganymede : 0515 Titan : 0601 Tethys : 0161 Titania 301 105. 3102 )2( : Table ( 2 ): Energy Released due to Terrestrial Impact Crater Formation ) 2102 ( ) ( TNT 4 005 53 2 51 0054 57 4 53 00002 021 6 073 1 054 32 0061 11 1 05 0091 51 1.1 55 0044 06 8.1 09 00021 013 1.3 551 00582 0041 5 052 00015 0063 9.6 053 00055 0073 1.7 005 000001 00011 01 005 000241 00002 2.21 016 000053 00078 02 5.1 000027 000013 13 5.1 5.4 3.1+6 05 5.2 62 7+ 1.1 E 001 5 051 7+ 8.7E 002 01 05 02 2 In Real impacts = Projectiles less than 50 m, are destroyed in the atmosphere02 = Crater Diameter / Projectile Diameter2Crater formatting energy = projectiles kinetic energy = 1/2 MV 401 106. 3102 )3( : Table ( 3 ): Energy Released by an Impact with Comet or Meteorite ) 2102 ( 001 TNT 01 9 TNT05 0002 TNT 003 052 1 TNT 500001 01 . ) 4 ( : )31( Table(4) : Largest 13 impact craters known on earth) 2102 ( ) () (003 43202 South africa Verdefort 1-052 30581 Canada Sudbury 2-07156Mexico Chicxulub 3-001 1412Canada Manicuagan4-0013.07.53Russia Popigai 5- 09 3761 USA Chesapeake bay6- 088.0541 Russia Puchez katunki7- ~ 07006 South Africa Morokweng 8- 06 5821 USA Beaverhead9- 55 Australia Too koo noo ka 01 - 45 51243 Canada Charlevoix 11 - 257.18.673 Sweden Siljan 21 - 255< TajikistanKara - kul 31 - 501 107. 3102 )5( Impact craters known in the Arab world) 2102 ( 054 Amquid 0053 Oarkziz 0571 Talemzane 6 Tin Bider 1.3 004 Aouelloul 021 2 Bp Structure 021 81 Oasis 007900012 9.1 Tenoumer 441 11 , 46 , 611 3 Al - Wabar 054 Amquid )6( : 51 )2102 Oldest 11 craters known on earth (June )( )( 11 0001< 4 Finland Suvasein 400813.722 34 91 6.95 3586 72 2 66.683 23 02 9.32 3196 92 .. 136.484 62 12 2.23 2907 93 .541 147. 3102 NGCM # # 002 9.21 4.6094 12 5.33 9807 2 9007 NGC 9.5 3.921-23 02 5.35 27 1896 .8.28.9p21-83 02 95 37 4996 .3.21 6 2101 12 03 51 8707 113.732-11 12 4.04 9907 03 219.616 53 32 2.42 4567 25 . . 64.706 241 2.33 18501 3 !! 185 x 4.314 610 7.24 42213 .57 79x 1.804 250 7.24 12223 1122x 1.841 140 7.24 50211 0 24 67 x 7.503 931 9.33 89533 . 11 i I x4.951 741 7.63 82647 . Seyfert 8.2 x9.8 0 1 2 7.24 8601 77.3.7 532.524 74224 9301 43 "56>1.0115 431 4.24 /056 67.15641 148. 3102 NGC M ## . 644.8 22 1 5 5.43 2591 1. . 0112.1 42 7 3 0.74 --- 54 216 43 8 5 1.63 069163 . 026.5 23 335 4.25 990273. . 5.0 124.6 53 055 7.52 219183 7091 . NGC 5606 --- 5-725 4.53 679124 . . 0251 --- 5-615 6.52 289134 86 ---0 35 7.64 860287 002 7.8 8.7 42-335 5.42 409197 52.0 82 1.5420269.8 861253 8512 .NGC 4 835.4 02-446 0.74 782214 . 619.58-0272.3 323205 . NGC721.6 41-947 8.14 734264 8342. 5.1 o 64. 924.4 41-037 6.63 224274 .22 6.6 32-257 6.44 744239 458.55-848 8.31 845284 741 149. 3102 : : )( . . . . :1. :Redshift ) ( : ) 001 ( ) ( ) ( ... . 3714 9999 ... ) 7 ( 08 http://www.redshift-live.com 841 150. 31022. :Stellarium Redshift . windows Mac . Linux . . http://www.stellarium.org3. :Orbitron . ) ( . . http://www.stoff.pl 4. :starrynight Redshift . . . 042 . . http://www.starrynight.com .941 151. 3102 : http://astronomy-software-review.toptenreviews.com : http://www.midnightkite.com/software.html )(: 1. :Google Sky Redshift . ... . . . ) ( . . 2. :Star Walk Google Sky ) (. . Google Sky 3 . .3. :Astroller Google Sky ) ( Google Sky . . 3 .051 152. 3102 4. Heavens Above . . ) ( . .GPS . . . . .: Google . . ) ( astronomy . ) ( . . . . 151