- 20 20

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2010.11.19 Grand Ball Conference Room Sunjin Grand Hotel

_______________________________________________________________

DDC 327-517-0519 M-692 MAGIKO ( ) : . ( ) : . () : . () : . ( ) : . (), . (Dream World ), . - ( ), . (LG ), . (MELB ), . (- ), . (), . (), . ( ), . (), . (), . (), . ( Energetix ), . ( ), . () : . (MAGIKO) : . (, ) . ( , ) . (MAGIKO) : - - .

ISBN

978-99962-808-8-7

14:0014:30 14:3015:00 : . (MAGIKO- ) MAGIKO- : . (MAGIKO- ) : . ( ), (- ), . (- , - ) 15:0015:05 15:0516:05 : . ( ) 01: . (), . () 02: ( ) 1990 : 03: . () 04: . ( ) - , 16:0516:25 16:2517:10 : . () 05: . ( ) - , 06: ( ) : , , 07: . (), . () , 17:1017:50 17:5018:00 18:3020:00

14:0014.30 14:3015:00 : Erdenebayar.Ch ( MAGIKO ) MAGIKO : Bazarragchaa.D (MAGIKO ) : Ochirbat.P( 1 ), ( ), Badamdamdin.R () 15:0015:05 15:0516:05 1 : Khaisandai.L () 01: Tsogbadrah.M (), Battur.J () Science Cooperation between ongolia and ROK 02: () Economic Cooperation Between Korea and Mongolia Since 1990: An Evaluation and Prospect 03: Shurhuu.D () Developing Transportation Infrastructure Key Factor for Strengthening of MongoliaKorea Strategic Partnership 04: Ulambayar.D () The Republic of Korea a Key Partner and Third Goodly Neighbor in Mongolian Foreign Policy 16:0516:25 16:2517:10 2 : Tsogbadrah.M () 05: Ganbat.B () Mongolian Economic Relationship and Prospect: South Korea and other neighboring countries 06: ( ) Korea-Mongolia Historical Relationship: Past, Present, Future 07: Sainbilegt.D (), Serdaram.D () Feature and Further Tendency of International Migration in Mongolia 17:1017:50 17:5018:00 18:3020:00

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2. , /- /: 1990 , - . 2010 - 36 , , KFAS, , , , . : - 10 , 13 , . 10 , 60 , 6 . - - , , . , : 1. - /1997-2002/ Doctor of Science in Biological Science 2. - /2003-2009/ PhD in Forest Environmental Science 3. /2005-/ 4. /2007 / : 1. / / 2. / / 3. / / 4. / / 5. / / /IFSA-Korea/ : 1. - Hung Sun Koh .

- 13 -

2. , , /./ 3. , . pplications of biotechnology and combating desertification . 4. , - 2 , - . 5. , - - , - . , , , , , . 6. - , 13 - . 2010 5- 14- 14 . 2010 5- 13- - 5 . 7. . . - 1 . . 8. 2005 . 9. . . 2003-2004 . 10. . . . The development of oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase and its H2 generation from water using light energy . 11. 2005 2010 .

- 14 -

12. 2009 - . 35 , . 13. - 2 . , No Memorandum of Unders tanding for Mutual Coo peration among Nationa l University of Mongolia, Korea Green Promotio n Agency, and the Kore an Forest Society Research Agreement on Biological Science and Engineering, Natural Resources and Combating Desertification Dongguk University, Republic of Korea General Agreement for the Technical Cooperation and Exchange between NUM and Korea Polar Research Institute Agreement on Scientific Cooperation between College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University and the Faculty of Biology, NUM Agreement of Cooperation for Swine Biotechnology Research between NUM and Chungnam National University, Korea Agreement of Cooperation between the Faculty of Chemistry , NUM and the College of Natural Science, Sogang University, South Korea , , e-mail

1

Korea

June. 2009

2

2

Dean: Park Jung Keuk Dean: Tsogbadrakh

26.Sept. 2009

5 years

3

Director Yim, Joung Han Dean: Tsogbadrakh

28.Aug.2008

unknown

4

Dean Mun-Han Lee Dean Tsogbadrakh

17.March. 2004

3 years+

5

Dean: Chang Sik Park Dean:Tsogbadrak h Chemistry: Tsevegsuren Physics and Electronics: Lkhagvajav Biology:

02.Sept.2003

unknown

6

22.Oct.2009

5 years

- 15 -

7

Academic Exchange Agreement between Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University and Faculty of Biology, NUM Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea and Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia

Tsogbadrakh Mathematics: Altangerel Sogang Univ: Dean: Kyung Byung Yoon Kim Jin Hoi, Director, the Animal BioTechnology Frontier Nyam-Osor Batkhuu, Dean, Faculty of Biology

23.Jun. 2010

5 years

8

KOPRI, Dr. Hong Kum Lee BFNUM, Prof. Batkhuu

01.07.2010

5 years

, 1. 2002. 09- Kyungpook National University, The College of Engineering 2. 2009. 06- Dongguk University, The College of Life Science and Biotechnology 3. 2009.10- Sogang University, The College of Natural Science 4. 2010.06- Gyeongsang National University, Academy of Industry Collaboration 5. 2010.06- Changwon National University, BK21 Project Corporation 6. 2010.08- Chungnam Environmental Technology Development Center 1. Dimethyl ether synthesis and coal liquification KoGas- 2010-2012 . - 1. 2003-2004 . - Methyl pheophorbide a (MPa) from alga Spirulina Maxima 2. 2005-2006 .- Nanopolymer production - 1. 2004- 2008 . O, Syntheses of Gadolinium(III) Complexes of Chlorin Derivatives and Chlorinbased Photosensitizers with Heterocyclic Ring . , Laboratory and Pilot-Scale Study on Biotrickling Filtration for the Treatment of Malodorous Gas from Food Waste Composting - - 16 -

1. . -- Platinum Group Elements and Rare Earth Elements in the geochemical cycle 2. . - Raman Spectroscopy, optical fiber based cancer all detection system 3. - Organic Light Emitting Diode; polymer diode Oyunbileg Galindev, Woong Shick Ahn, Young Key Shim. Gadolinium complexes of chlorin derivatives applicable for MRI contrast agents and PDT. J Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2009, 13, 823-831. Oyunbileg Galindev, Narangerel Badraa, Monkhoobor Dalantai, GereltIreedui Sengee, Demberelnyamba Dorjnamjin, Young Key Shim. Synthesis of pyrazole substituted methyl pheophorbide-a derivatives and their preliminary in vitro cell viabilities. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2008, 7, 1273-1281. Oyunbileg Galindev, Narangerel Badraa, Young Key Shim. Synthesis of methyl pyropheophorbide-a pyrazole derivatives and their in vitro cell viabilities on A549 cells. J Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2007, 11, 829-835. Young Key Shim, Jin-Jun Wang, Bayarmaa Barkhuu, Oyunbileg Galindavi. Heterocyclic derivatives of methyl pyropheophorbides as new photosensitizers. ICPP-4 Fourth International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 2006, Rome, Italy, J Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2006, 10: 397. Shang-Wen Xia, Jin-Jun Wang, Oyunbileg Galindavi, Young Key Shim. Synthesis of chlorophyll-a derivatives by Grignard reaction with methyl pyropheophorbide-a. Journal of Korean Photodynamic Association, 2006, 3, 13. Young-Jae Kim, Oyunbileg Galindev, Jun Han Sei, Su-Mi Bae, Hosub Im, Lanying Wen, Young Rok Seo, Woong Shick Ahn. Serum selenium level in healthy Koreans. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res, Accepted 25 Feb 2009. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8353-6 Young-Jae Kim, Oyunbileg Galindev, Han Sei Jun, Su-Mi Bae, Ho-Sub Lim, Wen Lanying, Eun Jeong Choi, Young Rok Seo, Woong Shick Ahn. Serum selenium level in healthy Koreans by GF-AAS and ICP-MS. Cancer Prevention Research, 2008, 13, 297-301 , . , Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Chonbuk National University KAIST

1 2

. .

Ph degree study Master degree study

2003-2009 2007-2008

- 17 -

1. Baatarchuluun Tsermaa, Byung-Kwan Yang, Myung-Whun Kim, and JinSeung Kim Characterization of Supercontinuum and Ultraviolet Pulses by Using XFROGJournal of the Optical Society of Korea, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 158-165 (2009)

Tsermaa, Baatarchuluun Yang, Byeong-Kwan Seo, Jae-Myung Kim, JinSeung A Sub-10-fs Ti:Sapphire Oscillator with a Simple Four-Mirror Cavity Journal of the Korean Physical Society / v.52, no.4, 2008, pp.1043-1047 3. Baatarchuluun Tsermaa, Byeong Kwan Yang and Jin Seung Kim Construction of a Broad-Band Optical Isolator by Using an Achromatic Circular Polarizer J. Korean Phys.Soc. 48,892 [doi: 10.3938/jkps.48.892 |2.

. 1 2 3 4 . . . . Seoul National University Sogang University KAIST University of Seoul Post doctorate study supported by KFAS Post doctorate study supported by KFAS Post doctorate study supported by KFAS Exchange program 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2003-2004

: 1. R. Galbadrakh Three color white organic light-emitting diode based on single hole blocking layer. Final research results. The Korean Foundation for Advanced Studies InternationalScholar Exchange Fellowship Program, 2006-2007. 43 pages. 2. Ragchaa Galbadrakh, Hwan Seok Bang, Heume Il Baek, and Changhee Lee, Three Color White Organic Light- Emitting Diode with Blue-green Fluorescent and Red Phosphorescent Dyes, Journal of Information Display, Vol. 9, No.3, p. 23-27, 2008. 3. R. Galbadrakh, H.S. Bang, H.I. Baek, C.H. Lee, Fluorescent white organic light-emitting diode structures with dye doped hole transport layer, Digest of the 7th International Meeting on Information Display, p. 1407-1410, Daegu, Korea, 2007. 4. Harutyun Melikyan, Lkhamsuren Enkhtur, Tigran Sargsyan, Seungwan Kim, Arsen Babajanyan, Jongchel Kim, Kiejin Lee Investigation of Self-Assembled Monlayers by Using a scanning Probe Microscope. In book Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (XII) p.107-112 (2009). 5. Tigran Sargsyan, Lkhamsuren Enkhtur, Harutyun Melikyan, Arsen Babajanyan, Seungwan Kim, Jongchel Kim, Kiejin Lee. Investigation of Cu-Pc Thin Solid films on ITO Substrate by using a NearField Microwavw Microprobe. In book Electromagnetic nondestructive

- 18 -

evaluation (XII) p.371-376 (2009). 6. Arsen Babajanyan, Harutyun Melikyan, Artur Hovsepyan, Lkhamsuren Enkhtur, Tigran Sargsyan and Kiejin Lee. Noncontact Characterization of Electic Carriers Density at Heterojunction Interfaces. . In book Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (XII) p.377-381 (2009). 7. N.Tsogbadrakh, Eun-Ae Choi, Woo-Jin Lee and K.J.Chang, Hole doping effect on Ferromagnetism in Mn- doped ZnO Nanowires, Current Applied Physics, (accepted on 14 July, 2010, Available online 22 July 2010) 8. Tsogbadrakh N., Choi E.-A., Lee W.-J. and Chang K.J., First-principles Study of the Ferromagnetism of Mn-doped ZnO Nanowires, Bulletin of the Korean Physical Society, Changwon, South Korea, 2009, p.121 9. Tsogbadrakh N., Choi E.-A., Lee W.-J. and Chang K.J., Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetism of Mn-doped ZnO Nanowires, Book of Abstracts of the 25th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-25), Ioffe Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia, 2009, p.446 . 1 2 3 3 4 5 . . - . . . . Chonbuk National University Soongshil University Soongshil University Chonbuk National University Chonbuk National University Ph degree study Ph degree study Ph degree study 2007- 2008- 2009-

Ph degree study 2009- Ph degree study 2008-

Master degree 2010- study 1. So Yeong Lee; Erdene-Ochir Ganbold; Jaebum Choo; Sang-Woo Joo Detection of Melamine in Powdered Milk Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with No Pretreatment Analytical Letters, Volume 43 Issue 14 2010; Pages 2135 2141 2. So Yeong Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Soo Hwa Jang, Erdene Ochir Ganbold, Dembereldorj Uuriintuya, Sang-Mo Shin, Pan Dong Ryu, Sang Weoo Joo Infrared spectroscopy characterization of normal and lung cancer cells originated from epithelium JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 10(04): 299~304 Title: Characteristics of organic copper II phthalocyanine thin films and field effect transistors. Korean collaborator : Prof. Kiejin Lee, Department of Physics, Sogang University Mongolian collaborator: Prof. Enkhtur L. , Department of - 19 -

Experimental and theoretical Physics, National University of Mongolia Duration October 2008 - October 2010. - 1. Sogang University School of Natural Sciences 2. Ulsan University - School of Natural Sciences 2.4 - .- ( 1, 2) 1. - # 1 2 .- . . . 2006 2006 Kyung University Kyonggi University Hee () M () ()

2009 2010

3

2009

4

2010

Chungnum National University Seoul National University

2. - # 1 2 3 . . . . . . .- . 2007 2008 2009 Seoul National University Seoul National University Chungnum National University Pukyong National () ()

4 5 6 7 8

2009 2010 2009 2010 2008

.- - , 1. Department of Geography, Kyung Hee University 2. College of Engineering, Chosun University 3. Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) .

- 20 -

1. , (2008-2011 , KORDI- ) 2. - IGCP 507 (2006-2010 ) . 1. Mongolia-Korea Joint seminar: Environmental changes of North East Asia (2003 8 ) 2. Symposium of Korea Mongolian Urban researchers (2005-2006 2 ) 3. 3rd International Symposium and business meeting of IGCP 507 (2008- ) . , 1. Chinbat, B., 2004. On a new land use classification and zoning scheme of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Journal of Social Science 10, 2. Jargal, L., Lee, Y.I., 2006. Detrital modes of the East Gobi basin (OndorBogd area) sandstones in the southern Mongolia and their geological implications. Geosciences Journal 10, 1-16 3. Azzaya, D., Munkhzul, D., Norov, N., Batkhishig, O., 2007. Preliminary Results on Soil Study in Case of Mongolia. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 4-6 4. Batkhishig, O., 2007. The Altai mountain soils of Mongolia(In case study of Harhiraa Turgen mountains). Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 7-18 5. Ulambadrakh, Kh., 2007. Structure - Geomorphological Districts of Mongolia. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 19-22 6. Orkhonselenge, A., 2007.Soil Erosion through Geochemical Activity of Heavy Metals within Soil Profiles in Korea. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 32-34 7. Erdenetsogt, B., Lee, I., Bat-Erdene. D, Jargal, L., 2009. Mongolian coalbearing basins: geological settings, coal characteristics, distribution, and resources. International Journal of Coal Geology 80, 87-104 8. Erdenetsogt, B., Lee, I., Lee, S.K., Ko, Y.-J., Bat-Erdene, D., 2010. Solidstate 13C CP/MAS NMR study of Baganuur coal, Mongolia: Oxygen-loss during coalification from lignite to subbituminous rank. International Journal of coal geology 82, 37-44 . - 2004 26 . : 1. . 4 2. . 4 3. . 5 4. . 3 5. . 2 6. . 5 7. . 3

- 21 -

3. , . : -, - - - - . , 3 . 1. 2002 . KFAS (Korea Foundation of Advanced Studies- ) . 13-14- , . 2. // POSCO 2007-2009 . 3. - 2006 . , , , , , , . : 1. 2 . . 1990 , . 19902000 , 2000-2010 , 2010 . . 2. , , . . 3. , , . , , . , , , .

- 22 -

M. Tsogbadrakh(), J. Battur()

1. 20 . (Science and Technology Studies) , (Science Studies) . . - 1991 2007 5 2009 3 , 2010 9 7 , , 2010-2012 .

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. - ,

- 23 -

-

2. ( )

1990 . 2010 36 , , KFAS, , , . 10, 13 . 10 , 60 6 . , , . , . 1. Mishig-chir TSOGBADRAKH/1997-2002/ Doctor of Science in Biological Science 2. Nyam-sor BATKHUU/2003-2009/ PhD in Forest Environmental Science 3. Uudus BAYARSAIKHAN/2005-/ 4. Togloom ARIUNAA/2007 / . 1. Nachin BAATARBILEG// 2. Badamdorj BAYARTOGTOKH// 3. Batdorj BATJARGAL// 4. Davaasuren TUMENJARGAL// 5. BILIGBAATAR/ / /IFSA-Korea/ 1. . 2. , , (N. Soninkhishig) 3. , . pplications of biotechnology and combating desertification . 4. . 5. , Batkhuu, M. Tsogbadrakh , , , , , . - 24 -

6. , COSMAKS 13 . Biotechnology 2010 5 14 14 . 5 . 7. B. Byartogtokh 1 . . 8. 2005 microbiology microbiology . 9. D. Tumenjargal 2003-2004 . 10. B. Batjargal . The development of oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase and its H2 g eneration from water using light energy . 11. 2005 2010 . 12. 2009 Green Development . 35 . 13. 100 . , No , , e-mail June. 2009 2

1

2

3

Memorandum of Und erstanding for Mutual Cooperation among National University of Mongolia, Korea Gre en Promotion Agency, and the Korean For est Society Research Agreement on Biological Science and Engineering, Natural Resources and Combating Desertification Dongguk University, Republic of Korea General Agreement for the Technical Cooperation and

Korea

Dean: Park Jung Keuk Dean: Tsogbadrakh

26.Sept. 2009

5 years

Director, Yim, Joung Han Dean

28.Aug.2008

unknown

- 25 -

4

5

6

Exchange between NUM and Korea Polar Research Institute Agreement on Scientific Cooperation between College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University and the Faculty of Biology, NUM Agreement of Cooperation for Swine Biotechnology Research between NUM and Chungnam National University, Korea Agreement of Cooperation between the Faculty of Chemistry , NUM and the College of Natural Science, Sogang University, South Korea

Tsogbadrakh

Dean Mun-Han Lee Dean Tsogbadrakh

17.March.2004

3 years+

Dean Chang Sik Park Dean Tsogbadrakh

02.Sept.2003

unknown

7

Academic Exchange Agreement between Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University and Faculty of Biology, NUM

8

Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea and Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia

Chemistry: Tsevegsuren Physics and Electronics: Lkhagvajav Biology: Tsogbadrakh Mathematics: Altangerel Sogang Univ: Dean: Kyung Byung Yoon Kim Jin Hoi, Director, the Animal BioTechnology Frontier Nyam-Osor Batkhuu, Dean, Faculty of Biology KOPRI, Dr. Hong Kum Lee BFNUM, Prof. Batkhuu

22.Oct.2009

5 years

23.Jun. 2010

5 years

01.07.2010

5 years

, 1. 2002. 09- Kyungpook National University, The College of Engineering 2. 2009. 06- Dongguk University, The College of Life Science and Biotechnology - 26 -

3. 2009.10- Sogang University, The College of Natural Science 4. 2010.06- Gyeongsang National University, Academy of Industry Collaboration 5. 2010.06- Changwon National University, BK21 Project Corporation 6. 2010.08- Chungnam Environmental Technology Development Center 1. Dimethyl ether synthesis and coal liquification KoGas 2010-2012 . 1. 2003-2004 N. Monkhoobor- Methyl pheophorbide a (MPa) from alga Spirulina Maxima 2. 2005-2006 T. Erdenebat- Nanopolymer production 1. 2004- 2008 G. Oyunbileg , Syntheses of Gadolinium(III) Complexes of Chlorin Derivatives and Chlorin-based Photosensitizers with Heterocyclic Ring T. Enkhdul, Laboratory and Pilot-Scale Study on Biotrickling Filtration for the Treatment of Malodorous Gas from Food Waste Composting 1. Tse. Soyol-Erdene- Platinum Group Elements and Rare Earth Elements in the geochemical cycle 2. A. Erdene- Raman Spectroscopy, optical fiber based cancer all detection system 3. Otgondemberel- Organic Light Emitting Diode; polymer diode Oyunbileg Galindev, Woong Shick Ahn, Young Key Shim. Gadolinium complexes of chlorin derivatives applicable for MRI contrast agents and PDT. J Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2009, 13, 823-831. Oyunbileg Galindev, Narangerel Badraa, Monkhoobor Dalantai, GereltIreedui Sengee, Demberelnyamba Dorjnamjin, Young Key Shim. Synthesis of pyrazole substituted methyl pheophorbide-a derivatives and their preliminary in vitro cell viabilities. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2008, 7, 1273-1281. Oyunbileg Galindev, Narangerel Badraa, Young Key Shim. Synthesis of methyl pyropheophorbide-a pyrazole derivatives and their in vitro cell viabilities on A549 cells. J Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2007, 11, 829-835.

- 27 -

Young Key Shim, Jin-Jun Wang, Bayarmaa Barkhuu, Oyunbileg Galindavi. Heterocyclic derivatives of methyl pyropheophorbides as new photosensitizers. ICPP-4 Fourth International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 2006, Rome, Italy, J Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2006, 10: 397. Shang-Wen Xia, Jin-Jun Wang, Oyunbileg Galindavi, Young Key Shim. Synthesis of chlorophyll-a derivatives by Grignard reaction with methyl pyropheophorbide-a. Journal of Korean Photodynamic Association, 2006, 3, 13. Young-Jae Kim, Oyunbileg Galindev, Jun Han Sei, Su-Mi Bae, Hosub Im, Lanying Wen, Young Rok Seo, Woong Shick Ahn. Serum selenium level in healthy Koreans. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res, Accepted 25 Feb 2009. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8353-6 Young-Jae Kim, Oyunbileg Galindev, Han Sei Jun, Su-Mi Bae, Ho-Sub Lim, Wen Lanying, Eun Jeong Choi, Young Rok Seo, Woong Shick Ahn. Serum selenium level in healthy Koreans by GF-AAS and ICP-MS. Cancer Prevention Research, 2008, 13, 297-301.

. 1 Tse. Baatarchuluun , Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Chonbuk National University Ph degree study 2003-2009

2

S. Odmaa

KAIST

Master study

degree

2007-2008

1. Baatarchuluun Tsermaa, Byung-Kwan Yang, Myung-Whun Kim, and JinSeung Kim Characterization of Supercontinuum and Ultraviolet Pulses by Using XFROG Journal of the Optical Society of Korea, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 158-165 (2009) 2. Tsermaa, Baatarchuluun Yang, Beyong-Kwan Seo, Jea-Myung kim, JinSeung Sub-10-fs Ti:Sapphire Oscillator with a Simple Four-Mirror Cavity Journal of the Korean Physical Society / v.52, no.4, 2008, pp.1043-1047 3. Baatarchuluun Tsermaa, Byeong Kwan Yang and Jin Seung Kim Construction of a Broad-Band Optical Isolator by Using an Achromatic Circular Polarizer J. Korean Phys.Soc. 48,892 [doi: 10.3938/jkps.48.892]

- 28 -

. 1 R. Galbadrakh Seoul University Sogang National Post doctorate study supported by KFAS Post doctorate study supported by KFAS Post doctorate study supported by KFAS Exchange program 2006-2007

2

L. Enkhtur

University

2007-2008

3

N. Tsogbadrakh

KAIST

2008-2009

4

O. Oyunkhand

University of Seoul

2003-2004

1. R. Galbadrakh Three color white organic light-emitting diode based on single hole blocking layer. Final research results. The Korean Foundation for Advanced Studies International Scholar Exchange Fellowship Program, 2006-2007. 43 pages. 2. Ragchaa Galbadrakh, Hwan Seok Bang, Heume Il Baek, and Changhee Lee, Three Color White Organic Light- Emitting Diode with Blue-green Fluorescent and Red Phosphorescent Dyes, Journal of Information Display, Vol. 9, No.3, p. 23-27, 2008. 3. R. Galbadrakh, H.S. Bang, H.I. Baek, C.H. Lee, Fluorescent white organic light-emitting diode structures with dye doped hole transport layer, Digest of the 7th International Meeting on Information Display, p. 1407-1410, Daegu, Korea, 2007. 4. Harutyun Melikyan, Lkhamsuren Enkhtur, Tigran Sargsyan, Seungwan Kim, Arsen Babajanyan, Jongchel Kim, Kiejin Lee Investigation of Self-Assembled Monlayers by Using a scanning Probe Microscope. In book Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (XII) p.107-112 (2009). 5. Tigran Sargsyan, Lkhamsuren Enkhtur, Harutyun Melikyan, Arsen Babajanyan, Seungwan Kim, Jongchel Kim, Kiejin Lee. nvestigation of Cu-Pc Thin Solid films on ITO Substrate by using a NearField Microwavw Microprobe. In book Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (XII) p.371-376 (2009). 6. Arsen Babajanyan, Harutyun Melikyan, Artur Hovsepyan, Lkhamsuren Enkhtur, Tigran Sargsyan and Kiejin Lee. Noncontact Characterization of Electic Carriers Density at Heterojunction Interfaces. . In book Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (XII) p.377-381 (2009). 7. N.Tsogbadrakh, Eun-Ae Choi, Woo-Jin Lee and K.J.Chang, Hole doping effect on Ferromagnetism in Mn- doped ZnO Nanowires, Current Applied Physics, (accepted on 14 July, 2010, Available online 22 July 2010)

- 29 -

8. Tsogbadrakh N., Choi E.-A., Lee W.-J. and Chang K.J., First-principles Study of the Ferromagnetism of Mn-doped ZnO Nanowires, Bulletin of the Korean Physical Society, Changwon, South Korea, 2009, p.121 9. Tsogbadrakh N., Choi E.-A., Lee W.-J. and Chang K.J., Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetism of Mn-doped ZnO Nanowires, Book of Abstracts of the 25th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-25), Ioffe Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia, 2009, p.446 . 1 D. Otgonbayar Chonbuk University National Ph degree study 2007

2 3 3 4 5

G. Erdene-Ochir D. Uuriintuya B. Javzandolgor P. Munkhbaatar B. Munkhsuld

Soongshil University Soongshil University Chonbuk National University Chonbuk National University

Ph degree study Ph degree study Ph degree study Ph degree study Master study degree

2008 2009 2009 2008 2010

1. So Yeong Lee; Erdene-Ochir Ganbold; Jaebum Choo; Sang-Woo Joo Detection of Melamine in Powdered Milk Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with No Pretreatment Analytical Letters, Volume 43 Issue 14 2010; Pages 2135 2141 2. So Yeong Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Soo Hwa Jang, Erdene Ochir Ganbold, Dembereldorj Uuriintuya, Sang-Mo Shin, Pan Dong Ryu, Sang Weoo Joo- Infrared spectroscopy characterization of normal and lung cancer cells originated from epithelium JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 10(04): 299~304 Title: Characteristics of organic copper II phthalocyanine thin films and field effect transistors. Korean collaborator : Prof. Kiejin Lee, Department of Physics, Sogang University Mongolian collaborator: Prof. Enkhtur L. , Department of Experimental and theoretical Physics, National University of Mongolia Duration October 2008 October 2010. 1. Sogang University School of Natural Sciences 2009 2. Ulsan University - School of Natural Sciences 2010

- 30 -

, . ( 1, 2) 1. # 1 Orkhonseleng 2006 Kyung Hee University Kyonggi University Chungnum National University Seoul National University ()

2 Zotol

2006

3 Amarjargal. Tse

2009

mineralogy ()

4 Erdenetsogt. B

2010

( )

2. # 1 2 3 S. Oyungerel Dorjmaa . B Amarjargal. B 2007 2008 2009 Seoul National University Seoul National University Chungnum National University Pukyong National sedimentology ( ) pentrology ) (

4 5 6 7 8

Batjargal. G Sh. Bolortsetseg Tse. Battulga S. Nandin-Erdene G. Naranbaatar

2009 2010 2009 2010 2008

.- 1. Department of Geography, Kyung Hee University 2. College of Engineering, Chosun University 3. Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) . 1. , (2008-2011 KORDI ) 2. - IGCP 507 (2006-2010 ) .

- 31 -

1. Mongolia-Korea Joint seminar: Environmental changes of North East Asia (2003 8 ) 2. Symposium of Korea Mongolian Urban researchers (2005-2006 2 ) 3. 3rd International Symposium and business meeting of IGCP 507 (2008 ) . 1. Chinbat, B., 2004. On a new land use classification and zoning scheme of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Journal of Social Science 10, 2. Jargal, L., Lee, Y.I., 2006. Detrital modes of the East Gobi basin (OndorBogd area) sandstones in the southern Mongolia and their geological implications. Geosciences Journal 10, 1-16 3. Azzaya, D., Munkhzul, D., Norov, N., Batkhishig, O., 2007. Preliminary Results on Soil Study in Case of Mongolia. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 4-6 4. Batkhishig, O., 2007. The Altai mountain soils of Mongolia(In case study of Harhiraa Turgen mountains). Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 7-18 5. Ulambadrakh, Kh., 2007. Structure - Geomorphological Districts of Mongolia. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 19-22 6. Orkhonselenge, A., 2007.Soil Erosion through Geochemical Activity of Heavy Metals within Soil Profiles in Korea. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21, n.2, 32-34 7. Erdenetsogt, B., Lee, I., Bat-Erdene. D, Jargal, L., 2009. Mongolian coalbearing basins: geological settings, coal characteristics, distribution, and resources. International Journal of Coal Geology 80, 87-104 8. Erdenetsogt, B., Lee, I., Lee, S.K., Ko, Y.-J., Bat-Erdene, D., 2010. Solidstate 13C CP/MAS NMR study of Baganuur coal, Mongolia: Oxygen-loss during coalification from lignite to subbituminous rank. International Journal of coal geology 82, 37-44 . 2004 26 . 1. B. Chinbat 4 2. L. Jargal 4 3. B. Erdenetsogt 5 4. A. Enkhtuya 3 5. Khe. Ulambadrakh 2 6. S. Oyungerel 5 7. B. Dorjmaa 3 4. , . - - - 32 -

- - - 3. 1. 2002 Dornod Mongol . KFAS (Korea Foundation of Advanced Studies) . 13-14 . 2. POSCO 2007-2009 . 3. 2006 .

, , , , DNK, Genetic . 1. . . , 1990 . 1990-2000 , 2000-2010 , 2010 . . 2. , , . . 3. , . , , .

- 33 -

- 20: ()I. 20 . , , , , . . 20 , . 1990 , . 1994 , . 2000 , . , , , , . 2015 , 1 GDP 1 . 1988 , , , , . , . . 1. ( US$) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 515(-) 5,306(929.8) 8,795(65.7) 3,533(-59.8) 18,700(429.3) 27,957(49.5) 26,017(-6.9) 25,661(-1.4) 39,195(52.7) 39,759(1.4) 54,672(11.7) 76,567(40.0) 87,228(13.9) 99,525(14.1) 75,320(-24.3) 2,191(-) 426(-80.6) 1,810(325.3) 3,980(119.9) 4,844(21.7) 9,693(100.1) 2,064(-78.7) 2,434(17.9) 5,180(112.9) 4,481(-13.5) 2,077(-53.6) 2,348(13.1) 5,716(143.4) 3,923(-31.4) 4,594(17.1) 2,706(-) 5,732(111.8) 10,605(85.0) 7,513(-29.1) 23,544(213.3) 37,650(59.9) 28,081(-25.4) 28,095(0.1) 44,375(57.9) 44,240(-0.3) 56,749(7.0) 78,915(39.0) 92,944(17.8) 103,448(11.3) 79,914(-22.7) -1,675 4,880 6,984 -447 13,855 18,264 23,953 23,227 34,015 35,279 52,595 74,219 81,512 95,602 70,726

- 34 -

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

77,621(3.1) 110,306(42.1) 169,758(53.8) 238,231(40.3) 166,887(-29.9)

4,895(6.6) 6,440(31.5) 20,729(221.8) 31,150(50.3) 21,479(-31.0)

82,516(3.2) 116,746(41.5) 190,487(63.2) 269,381(41.4) 188,366(-30.0)

72,726 103,866 149,029 207,081 145,409

: The Korea International Trade Association 1) () 1990 270 2008 269 100 . 2009 30 . 2006 1 , . 2006 , 9 10 . , . 2007 , , 2008 2 .1 2. 2002 GDP (%) GDP( US$) 1 GDP(US$) CPI (%) (%) (%) ( US$) ( US$) (tog/$) 4.7 1,273 518 0.3 3.4 33.4 268 978 1,110 2003 7.0 1,448 582 5.1 3.5 31.5 204 1,237 1,147 2004 10.6 1,814 720 8.3 3.6 30.0 208 1,352 1,187 2005 7.3 2,307 905 12.7 3.3 28.3 333 1,306 1,205 2006 8.6 3,156 1,224 4.5 3.1 24.5 718 1,414 1,177 2007 10.2 3,968 1,503 8.2 2.8 19.9 1,001 1,529 1,170 2008 8.9 5,258 1,981 26.8 20.4 657 1,601 1,166

: International Monetary Fund, Statistical Office of Mongolia , 2008 1 2 . 2000 . 2008 3 . , .1

4 ,

. (2006) .

- 35 -

1990 , CMEA(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) . . . 1990 78 . 3. ()1990 China Russia Korea USA Japan EU Others Russia China Korea USA Japan EU Others 100 1.7 78.3 0.1 1.2 4.2 14.5 100 77.5 2.4 0.1 1.1 6.8 12.1 199 7 100 21.8 10.4 9.8 31.0 8.4 10.4 8.2 100 36.3 12.9 4.4 7.9 7.4 20.2 10.9 8 100 29.3 11.8 9.6 20.4 3.7 10.7 14.5 100 31.5 11.6 7.5 7.2 11.8 17.8 12.6 199 9 100 57.1 13.5 0.6 12.9 3.0 10.0 2.9 100 29.2 13.5 7.1 6.1 22.4 10.3 11.4 199 0 100 57.3 9.7 0.6 19.9 1.7 7.5 3.3 100 33.6 17.8 9.0 4.6 11.9 11.4 11.7 200 1 100 53.7 10.3 0.9 22.0 3.3 6.5 3.3 100 36.4 19.3 9.7 2.5 9.5 10.6 12.0 200 2 100 41.7 8.6 4.4 31.6 1.3 6.5 5.9 100 34.1 20.2 12.2 3.5 6.2 8.3 15.5 200 3 100 46.1 6.3 1.2 23.3 1.4 7.4 14.3 100 32.6 21.8 8.5 2.9 8.0 11.0 15.2 200 4 100 46.8 2.4 1.1 18.0 3.8 21.4 6.5 100 33.5 22.0 6.0 4.6 7.3 8.3 18.3 200 5 100 48.1 2.6 6.1 14.3 0.5 12.3 16.1 100 35.3 24.9 5.4 3.4 6.4 8.3 16.3 200 6 100 67.8 2.9 1.4 7.7 0.5 10.7 9.0 100 36.9 27.2 5.6 3.0 6.6 9.8 10.9 200 7 100 74.1 3.0 2.2 3.4 0.8 6.1 10.4 100 34.6 31.3 5.5 2.7 6.0 10.5 9.4 200 2008 100 64.5 3.4 11.5 1.2 4.5 1.1 13.8 100 38.3 27.7 8.4 6.0 2.6 7.3 9.7

: World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Statistical Office of Mongolia. 1990 , 2007 74 . , . . , . , , . , CIS . 2 . 4. ( US$, ) railroad, vehicles, parts 2007 49,858 % 29.4 2008 88,525 % 37.2 2009 50,664 % 30.3

2

Belarus, Moldova, Georgia ,

. G. Iradian (2007) .

- 36 -

electronics, parts machinery, boilers, etc mineral fuel, etc beverages, alcohol, etc tobacco iron products plastic products

14,890 23,570 8,526 6,611 5,187 10,385 7,355 43,376

8.8 13.9 5.0 3.9 3.0 6.1 4.3 25.5

14,897 36,276 14,567 11,197 5,156 7,150 8,097 52,366

6.3 15.2 6.1 4.7 2.2 3.0 3.4 22.0

28,474 16,915 7,195 5,914 5,494 4,981 4,750 42,500

17.1 10.1 4.3 3.5 5.3 3.0 2.8 25.4

169,758 100 238,231 100 166,887 100 : The Korea International Trade Association 1) , , , . , . , , 87 . , . . 5. ( US$, ) 2007 2008 % % minerals, slag, lime 14,813 71.5 24,656 79.2 copper concentrate 3,587 17.3 4,481 14.4 salt, sulfur, plaster 876 4.2 884 2.8 cashmere, textiles 85 0.4 227 0.7 knitted fabrics 328 1.6 224 0.7 10,40 5.0 678 2.2 20,729 100 31,150 100 : The Korea International Trade Association 1) . 1994 2009 615 438 . 71 , . 1997 , 2005 1 . 2000 , 2008 2007 3 . 6. ( US$) 1994 3 2,720

2009 % 18,754 87.3 1,085 5.0 863 4.0 228 1.1 549 2.6 21,479 100

- 37 -

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total

4 2 4 5 5 13 9 13 11 29 52 53 104 194 114 615

5,134 708 356 458 4,272 5,457 4,552 5,715 4,567 7,931 14,226 44,129 50,271 165,171 123,021 438,688

: The Export-Import Bank of Korea 2005 , . 50 1 , 3 . 52.5 1, 18.7 2, 4.9 . . 1. : ()

: FDI to Mongolia, Overseas Economic Research Institute, Korea Eximbank, August 24, 2009

- 38 -

7. : ( US$, 1994~2009) ( %) mining 90 148,211 33.8 wholesale-retail 115 67,604 15.4 real estate and leasing 86 55,686 12.7 publication, 34 37,035 8.4 communication construction 67 33,416 7.6 health and social welfare 13 24,794 5.6 manufacturing 84 24,022 5.5 building management 24 19,185 4.4 lodging and restaurant 18 11,057 2.5 technology service 32 7,534 1.7 transportation 17 4,968 1.1 119 5,176 1.2 615 438,688 100 : The Export-Import Bank of Korea

3 1 , . , . , . 60 , 2005 . 35 , . . , , . . 1. (FTA) 1990 . , , , . 2004 FTA , EFTA, ASEAN FTA CEPA . EU , . 1997 WTO . .

- 39 -

. FTA , , , , FTA . FTA . 10 . , . . , FTA . , . FTA , . 10 , 5 . FTA , . , . 4 , . FTA , 3 . 2. , , , . . . . , . , , , . . KOICA 2008 2 . 3. 21 . . 3

CEPA(Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement)

.

- 40 -

. , . , , , . , . 1 , 0.5 . 2020 2 . 2010 20, . 2011 . . 4. . 2004 (Knowledge Sharing Program) . 50 , . , , . . - , , , . . . . , . FTA . , FTA . , . , , . , . , . , . , .

- 41 -

, . 2015 1 GDP 1 . , . G20 . . References Bolor, N (2009), "Mongolia's Mineral Sector: Recent Developments and Future Challenges," mimeo. Export-Import Bank of Korea(2010), Foreign Direct Investment Database. International Monetary Fund (2006), World Economic Outlook, 2006. International Monetary Fund (2008), Mongolia: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix, Country Report 08/201, July International Monetary Fund (2009), Mongolia: Request for Stand-by Arrangement, Country Report 09/130, April International Monetary Fund (2009), Mongolia: First Review under the Stand-by Arrangement, Country Report 09/254, September International Monetary Fund (2010), Mongolia: Forth Review under the Stand-by Arrangement, Country Report 10/84, March Iradian, G, (2007), "Rapid Growth in the CIS: Panel Regression Approach" IMF Working Paper 07/170. Kim, Hong-Jin (2006), Agendum for the Expansion of Economic Cooperation between Korea and Mongolia, International Regional Studies, 10/2 pp. 496-517 Korea International Trade Association (2010), International Trade Database. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Korea (2006), An Outlook of Mongolia. Ministry of Industry and Trade of Mongolia (2005), Mongolia Bluebook National Statistical Office of Mongolia (2008), Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, June Sachs, J. D. and A. M. Warner (2001), "The Curse of Natural Resources," European Economic Review, vol. 45, pp.827-838 World Bank (2005), Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform. World Bank (2008), Mongolia Quarterly, June World Bank (2009), Southern Mongolia Infrastructure Strategy, April World Bank (2009), Mongolia: Monthly Economic Update, June

- 42 -

20 : ( ) 1. 20 . 2 , , , , . 2 . 20 , . 1990 - . 1994 . 2000 - , . , , , . , 2015 1 GDP 10000 . 1988 , , , , . , 2 . 2. 1. ( US$) 1990 515(-) 2,191(-) 2,706(-) 1991 5,306(929.8) 426(-80.6) 5,732(111.8) 1992 8,795(65.7) 1,810(325.3) 10,605(85.0) 1993 3,533(-59.8) 3,980(119.9) 7,513(-29.1) 1994 18,700(429.3) 4,844(21.7) 23,544(213.3) 1995 27,957(49.5) 9,693(100.1) 37,650(59.9) 1996 26,017(-6.9) 2,064(-78.7) 28,081(-25.4) 1997 25,661(-1.4) 2,434(17.9) 28,095(0.1) - 43 -

-1,675 4,880 6,984 -447 13,855 18,264 23,953 23,227

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

39,195(52.7) 39,759(1.4) 54,672(11.7) 76,567(40.0) 87,228(13.9) 99,525(14.1) 75,320(-24.3) 77,621(3.1) 110,306(42.1) 169,758(53.8) 238,231(40.3) 166,887(-29.9)

5,180(112.9) 4,481(-13.5) 2,077(-53.6) 2,348(13.1) 5,716(143.4) 3,923(-31.4) 4,594(17.1) 4,895(6.6) 6,440(31.5) 20,729(221.8) 31,150(50.3) 21,479(-31.0)

44,375(57.9) 44,240(-0.3) 56,749(7.0) 78,915(39.0) 92,944(17.8) 103,448(11.3) 79,914(-22.7) 82,516(3.2) 116,746(41.5) 190,487(63.2) 269,381(41.4) 188,366(-30.0)

34,015 35,279 52,595 74,219 81,512 95,602 70,726 72,726 103,866 149,029 207,081 145,409

: The Korea International Trade Association 1) . () 1- 1990 2.700.000 2008 269.000.000 100 . 2009 30 . 2 2006 100.000.000 2 , 2 . 2006 - 9- 10 . 4. 2007 2 2008 200 . 2 - 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 GDP (%) 4.7 7.0 10.6 7.3 8.6 10.2 GDP( US$) 1,273 1,448 1,814 2,307 3,156 3,968 1 518 582 720 905 1,224 1,503 GDP(US$) CPI (%) 0.3 5.1 8.3 12.7 4.5 8.2 (%) 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.1 2.8 (%) 33.4 31.5 30.0 28.3 24.5 19.9 268 204 208 333 718 1,0014

2008 8.9 5,258 1,981 26.8 20.4 657

4

. . 2006.

- 44 -

( US$) ( US$) 978 1,237 1,352 1,306 1,414 1,529 1,601 1,110 1,147 1,187 1,205 1,177 1,170 1,166 -(tog/$) : International Monetary Fund, Statistical Office of Mongolia 3- 2008 1-, 2- . 2008 , 3- . 2 . 1990 - CMEA(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)- . . . 1990 78 . 3 (%) 1990 China Russia Korea USA Japan EU Others 100 1.7 78.3 0.1 1.2 4.2 14.5 199 7 100 21.8 10.4 9.8 31.0 8.4 10.4 8.2 8 100 29.3 11.8 9.6 20.4 3.7 10.7 14.5 199 9 100 57.1 13.5 0.6 12.9 3.0 10.0 2.9 199 0 100 57.3 9.7 0.6 19.9 1.7 7.5 3.3 200 1 100 53.7 10.3 0.9 22.0 3.3 6.5 3.3 200 2 100 41.7 8.6 4.4 31.6 1.3 6.5 5.9 200 3 100 46.1 6.3 1.2 23.3 1.4 7.4 14.3 200 4 100 46.8 2.4 1.1 18.0 3.8 21.4 6.5 200 5 100 48.1 2.6 6.1 14.3 0.5 12.3 16.1 200 6 100 67.8 2.9 1.4 7.7 0.5 10.7 9.0 200 7 100 74.1 3.0 2.2 3.4 0.8 6.1 10.4 100 34.6 31.3 5.5 2.7 6.0 10.5 9.4 200 2008 100 64.5 3.4 11.5 1.2 4.5 1.1 13.8 100 38.3 27.7 8.4 6.0 2.6 7.3 9.7

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Russia 77.5 36.3 31.5 29.2 33.6 36.4 34.1 32.6 33.5 35.3 36.9 China 2.4 12.9 11.6 13.5 17.8 19.3 20.2 21.8 22.0 24.9 27.2 Korea 0.1 4.4 7.5 7.1 9.0 9.7 12.2 8.5 6.0 5.4 5.6 USA 7.9 7.2 6.1 4.6 2.5 3.5 2.9 4.6 3.4 3.0 Japan 1.1 7.4 11.8 22.4 11.9 9.5 6.2 8.0 7.3 6.4 6.6 EU 6.8 20.2 17.8 10.3 11.4 10.6 8.3 11.0 8.3 8.3 9.8 Others 12.1 10.9 12.6 11.4 11.7 12.0 15.5 15.2 18.3 16.3 10.9 : World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Statistical Office of Mongolia.

1990- 2007 74 . , . . - . , , 5. 5

Belarus, Moldova, Georgia

- 45 -

CIS . . 4 ( US$, %) 2007 2008 2009 % % % railroad, vehicles, parts 49,858 29.4 88,525 37.2 50,664 30.3 electronics, parts 14,890 8.8 14,897 6.3 28,474 17.1 machinery, boilers etc 23,570 13.9 36,276 15.2 16,915 10.1 mineral fuel, etc 8,526 5.0 14,567 6.1 7,195 4.3 beverages, alcohol etc 6,611 3.9 11,197 4.7 5,914 3.5 tobacco 5,187 3.0 5,156 2.2 5,494 5.3 iron products 10,385 6.1 7,150 3.0 4,981 3.0 plastic products 7,355 4.3 8,097 3.4 4,750 2.8 43,376 25.5 52,366 22.0 42,500 25.4 169,758 100 238,231 100 166,887 100 : The Korea International Trade Association 1) 4- , , . , . , slag, lime 87 . , . . 5. ( US$, %) 2007 2008 2009 % % % minerals, slag, lime 14,813 71.5 24,656 79.2 18,754 87.3 copper concentrate 3,587 17.3 4,481 14.4 salt, sulfur, plaster 876 4.2 884 2.8 1,085 5.0 cashmere, textiles 85 0.4 227 0.7 863 4.0 knitted fabrics 328 1.6 224 0.7 228 1.1 10,40 5.0 678 2.2 549 2.6 20,729 100 31,150 100 21,479 100 : The Korea International Trade Association 1) % . G. Iradian(2007).

- 46 -

3. 6- 1994 2009 615 438 . 710 . - 1997 2005 10 . - 2000 2008 2007 . 6. ( US$) 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total 3 4 2 4 5 5 13 9 13 11 29 52 53 104 194 114 615 2,720 5,134 708 356 458 4,272 5,457 4,552 5,715 4,567 7,931 14,226 44,129 50,271 165,171 123,021 438,688

: The Export-Import Bank of Korea 2005 , . 1- 50 1-, 3- . - 52.5 1-, , 18.7 2-, 4.9 . - .

- 47 -

1. : , (%)

: FDI to Mongolia, Overseas Economic Research Institute, Korea Eximbank, August 24, 2009 7. , ( US$, 1994~2009) mining wholesale-retail real estate and leasing publication, communication construction health and social welfare manufacturing building management lodging and restaurant technology service transportation 90 115 86 34 67 13 84 24 18 32 17 119 615 148,211 67,604 55,686 37,035 33,416 24,794 24,022 19,185 11,057 7,534 4,968 5,176 438,688 (%) 33.8 15.4 12.7 8.4 7.6 5.6 5.5 4.4 2.5 1.7 1.1 1.2 100

: The Export-Import Bank of Korea 3- 1 - . . . 60

- 48 -

2005 . 35 . . 4. () 1990 . , , , . 2004 , EFTA, ASEAN- CEPA- . , . 1997 WTO- . . . , , , , . , 2 . 10- . , . . 2 . - , . 2 . 10 5 . . , , . - 40 . 6 6

CEPA(Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement)

.

- 49 -

. , , , , . . , . , . , . , , , . . 2008 2- . 21- . . . 2 . , , , . . 10 0.5 . 2020 20 . 2010 2 20 . 2011 . . . 2004 Knowledge Sharing Program- .

- 50 -

50 . , , . , . partner ship , , , . , . 2 , . 2 . 2 - . 2 , 2 . 2- , . , , , . , , . 3- - . 2 - , . 4- . . 2015 1 10 . . 20- . 2 .

- 51 -

-- - . (- ) D. Shurkhuu () v- - - , - 1990 , , , , , 2006 , , - . 20 , . (2010.06.30) 2- (1856, 18.6% ) 3- (217 . . 5.6%) (2009) 3- 170 . . 4.2% 8- (14.8 . . 0.8%) 3- (155.1 . . 7.3%) 1990 20 , , , , , 2006 .

- 52 -

(2010.06.30) 2 3 (2009) - 3 (17 4.2%) (148 0.8%) (1551. 7.3%) - 8 - 3 (1856, 18.6%) (217 . 5.6%)

: : 2012-13 . - . : . , , . . , , . - 2010-2015 26 - - - : . - , , . - , . / -20- / - , . , - , , . . : 2012-13 . City - 53 -

Group F. Bennet: . , . . ( ), - 2010-2015 26 - - - : /G20 / , , - , , . , , , - , , , . - 2008 -857.3 . ( 11-) 422 435.3 13.3 10 - 85.8 . ( 5-) - 24.9 (9-) - 12.3 (11-) - 4.8 : Explore Korea through Statistics-2009 http://kostat.go.kr/eng2009/emain/explore09_eng/EBook.htm , 2005 2006 2007 2008 , 7.5 8.1 9.2 10.1 14% 8% 13% 10% , 2.2 2.4 3.3 4.2 - 54 -

2009 13.2 31% 7.1

.

37%

11%

37% 27% 70% 116.2 184.7 305.1 59% 65%

- 2010 7 5683.5 . 1100 .: - - 400 , - 350 , -- 140 , 150 . , , , .

8573 ( 11) 422 4353 133 -: 88 ( 5) -: 24 (9) -: 123 (11) -: 48 : Explore Korea through Statistics-2009 http://kostat.go.kr/eng2009/emain/explore09_eng/EBook.htm 2005 7.5 14% 2.2 37%

2006 8.1 8% 2.4 11%

2007 9.2 13% 3.3 37% 116.2

2008 10.1 10% 4.2 27% 184.7 59%

2009 13.2 31% 7.1 70% 305.1 65%

2010 7 5,683.5 . : 1,100 . Dalanzadgad-Tavantolgoi-Tsagaan

- 55 -

suvraga-Zuunbayan 400 , Sainshand-Baruun-urt 350 , Baruun -urt Hot 140 , Hot-Choibalsan 150 .

2000 4679 2010.11.28 . 2000 , 4679 2010.11.28 .

- 56 -

- , / -2010/ / -2010/

: 8-9 . 8.5 . 40 . . -, . , , . - . : 8-9 . 8.5 - 57 -

40 . , . . , 3 . - - : - - , - - - , : 2010.07.20-30 : 6000 , 4500 : , , , Altanbulag- Tumen- Rason : : - , - : - : 2010.07.20-30 : 6000 , 4500 : , , .

- 58 -

- , - Altanbulag

- , - ,

Altanbulag ()

- 59 -

- , -

Tamsag

- ,

- Havirgiin

- 60 -

- , -

- , - - Nomrogiin -Sumberiin

-

,

-

- 61 -

,

,

,

,

- , -

- 62 -

- , -

- , -

: - , . - , , , , - . , , . - ,

- 63 -

.- - , , Trans-Asia . - , , - , , , . , , . --, -- 3 . , , . , .

- , .

- , , --, -- 3 .

- . , , , , , . , . , .

- 64 -

. , , . , . , , , , , . , . , . , , 10 , , . , , , . 10 - , . , , .

- 65 -

- , . ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction ROK - A key partner & third goodly neighbor in Mongolia Current relations and cooperation Regional security and cooperation issues Challenges and opportunities Conclusion

I. 1990- , , , . - . , . , , , . : - , , , , - . - . , , , , , . - , , , , , , , , , , , , , . XIX " " : . . . 1990 3 - 66 -

, - . , - - XXI , 1999, 2001 - . , 2002 8 , - , - 2003 - . , . II. - , 2006 5 , - : ... ( .) , , , , - - . , - - . 1990- - . , , , . - . - , , , , , , , , . . , . . , . (Fridrich Ratzel 18441904) . .

- 67 -

. . , , , , , , , , (.) . , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , -, , . - . - , . 1997 " ", 1999 " ", 1999 - " , ", 2006 " , , ", 2004 " ", 2004, 2005 - " ", 2007 , 2008 - , 2009 - 2009 9 . 1995 , , - " , - ", 1996 " , "- . , 1990- , , . , , , , , , , , , , . , -

- 68 -

(complementary cooperation) 1990 10 - - , . : " . . (, , , , ) , , , . (2 ) . . . , , , . , , XXI " . . , . , , , , , , , . 1993 . 1993 10 - . - , . , - 20 . . , - , , , , ,

- 69 -

. III. - 1990 , . 20 , , , , . 1990 500 2008 224,5 . , 194,6 , 29, 9 . , , 2009 170 . . 2009 378 , 185,3 . . - 15,7 . 5 . 1999 10 . 2009 83.9 . 8 . , XXI . XXI , , - . 1999 8 - " ", " "- " " , 10 (IC) . 1999 11 - , , 12 , ,

- 70 -

. Samsung, LG, Daesung, JK General, Sungmin Construction, Samhwan Industry SK , , , , , , () , . 2008 10 . , 2010 - . - . - , , , , , . " " . - . , - , . - . , , , . . - . 1993 6 . 1996 4 - , , 10 20 . - , . 1996 . , , . - , , . .

- 71 -

IY. -- . . . . . , , . - " " - , . . : 85 , - , , Asias second economic superpower . . , . Y. XXI , 10 . , , , : , , , , - , , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , - . , : ,

- 72 -

, - , , , , , - , , , , - . , : ( , , , , , ) , - - , , , , - , , , , , , . - , - , - . , , , , , , , , , . (urgent diplomacy), (crisis management) . - , , , , , , - , . YI. , , . : , : , , , , , , , , , ,

- 73 -

- , : , , , , , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , , 6 , , - - . Little Japan , . 1. , ., 2010 2. . ., 2006 3. . XXI - . , , 1998 1-2. 4. , , . . , . 323. 5. , , - , ., 1999.06.04. 13(63). 6. . - , . - . 2001.2.20 3 (98) 7. - . - . 2006. 5 (169)

- 74 -

8. Action Report of Korean Economic Expert Delegations After the Working Visit to the Mongolia Seoul., November 1990, (in Korean) 9. . 1993.10.20. 10. , 10 , ( .) ., 2000 11. Press Release. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. 2001. 06.21. 34 12. , , - , . (1990-2002) ., 2003 13. he Korea Times. 1996.04.21. 14. he Korea Times. 1996.05.18. 15. Carter, Aidan Foster Korean in the Presidential Commission on the st 21 Century: An Era of Unification in the 2000s , Seoul: Tong-A Ilbo-sa, 1993, in Korean. 16. . - - . 2008 11 17. http://www.mofat.go.kr

- 75 -

, D. Ulambayar () 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction ROK - A key partner & third goodly neighbor in Mongolia Current relations and cooperation Regional security and cooperation issues Challenges and opportunities Conclusion

I. 1990 , ( , ). . . , , , . : , , , , . - . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . 19 , . . 1990 3 . , , 21 , 1999 2001 . , 2002 8 , 2003 . - 76 -

, , , . II. .

2006 5 , , , , . , , , , , , , , . . 1990 . , . . , , , , , , , . . . . Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) . . . , . , , , , , , UN . , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . 1997 , 1999 , 1999 , , 2006 - 77 -

, 2004 , 2004, 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 2009 9 . 1995 , , 1996 , . , 1990 . , , , , , , , , . (complementary cooperation) 1990 10 . . . (, , , ) . 2, , . . , , . , 21 . . . , , , , , , , , . 1993 10 . . 20 . . , , - 78 -

. III. -

1990 . 20 , , , , . 1990 50 2008 2 245 . 1946 , 299 . 2009 17 5 . 2009 378, 1853 5 . 157 , 5 . 1999 10 . 2009 839 8 . , . 21 . 21 , . 1999 8 10 (KOICA) . 1999 11 , 12 , , 1 . Samsung, LG, Daesung, JK General, Sungmin Construction, Samhwan Indust , , , , , , . 2008 10 , 2010 . , , , , . . - 79 -

, . . . , , () . . . 1993 6 , 1996 4 , 10 2 . . 1996 1% , . , . IY. . . . . . . . Aidan Foster Carter 85 , (GDP) , Asias second economic superpower . . RF, ASEM . Y. 21 10 3 . , , , : , ,

- 80 -

, , , SOC, , , , , ,, . , : , , , , , ( ) . , : (, , , , , ) , , APEC, ASEAN, ARF, ASEM , , , , , , . , , , , , , , . urgent diplomacy, crisis management . , , , , bio nano , , . YI. . , : . SOC, . . , . : , . , , . , , . , , - 81 -

. , 6 , . , - . , Little Japan , .

- 82 -

- : : . ( , ) B. Ganbat () 1. - 2. - 3. 4. ... 1. 2. 3. 4.

- 83 -

I.

- - , 20102011

- 84 -

139 100- .

139 100The Global Competitiveness Report 20102011 (World Economic Forum)

- 84 12.4 12.3

- - GDP 9.9 10 10.2 11.2

36.3

32.2

30.2

29.2

30.9

34.2

5.7 5.1 18.8

5.7 5.8

4.9 5.5

4.7 6.1

4.4 6.3

4.3 6.2

22.1

30

29.5

27.4

22.5

21.7

21.9

19.5

20.5

20.8

21.6

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009*

, /, / / / , , , ,. ,

- 84 -

, 2009 , 2009

9% 25% 66%

, - -

, , - ,

- 85 -

- 2009 /1.885.385,1 ../ -2009 /1.885385,1 /2% 5% 10%, , , , - , , , - , , , - -

16%

67%

- 85 -

- 86 -

( ) () 43,49% 53,74% 2,39% 44,66% 52,74% 1,84% 60,20% 36,88% 1,73% 68,30% 28,11% 1,43% 61,63% 34,54% 1,00% 69,10% 28,61% 0,97%

0,37%

0,76%

1,12%

1,84%

2,69%

1,27%

0,01%

0,01%

0,07%

0,31%

0,14%

0,04%

97 . , . 97%. , .

- 86 -

, . : -, , , , , , , - , , , , -- , , , 5 , - ,

- 87 -

-

, ,

, ,

- ,

,

- 88 -

? 6 - 89 -

6 ? ... ......

-

,

,

, 20082009

R&D, , -

, - , . /, / . 20 , . /, , , / ,

- 89 -

R&D, innovation project

, 20082009

, . /, / . 20 . /, , , / .

II. - Major Economic IndicatorsPopulation (1000) GDP (US$, Billion) Growth Rate of GDP (%) GDP per capita (US$) Trade Balance (US$, Million) Exports (US$, Million) Imports (US$, Million) 1960 25,012 2.0 1.2 79 -311 33 344 1970 32.241 8.1 8.8 254 -1.149 835 1.984 1980 38.124 63.8 -1.5 1.645 -4.787 17.565 22.292 1990 42.869 263.7 9.2 1.647 -4.828 65.016 69.844 2000 47.008 511.8 8.5 10.847 11.786 172.268 160.481 2007 48.456 969.9 5.0 20.045 14.543 171.489 356.845

Changes of Korean Top Ten Exports (1)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [1960s: Natural Resources] Item % Iron Ore 13.0 Tungsten Ore 12.6 Raw Silk 6.7 Anthracite 5.8 Cuttlefish 5.5 Live Fish 4.5 Natural Graphite 4.2 Plywood 3.3 Rice 3.3 Bristles 3.0 [1970s: Light Industries] Item % Textiles 40.8 Plywood 11.0 Wig 10.8 Iron Ore 5.9 Electronics 3.5 Fruits 2.3 Footwear 2.1 Tobacco 1.6 Iron & Steel 1.5 Metal Prod. 1.5

Changes of Korean Top Ten Exports(2)1 [ 1980s: Light Industries & Heavy] Item % Textiles 28.8 [1990s: Heavy and Chemical Industries] Item % Textile Prod. 11.7

- 90 -

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Electronics Iron & Steel Footwear Ships Synthetic Fibers Metal Prod. Plywood Fish Electrical Goods

11.4 9.0 5.2 3.5 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9

Semiconductor Footwear Ships TV/VTR Iron & Steel Textile Fabrics Computers Audio Automobile

7.2 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.0

Changes of Korean Top Ten Exports(3) [2000s: High-tech Industries & Heavy and Chemical Industries]2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Item Semiconductor Computers Automobile Petrochemical Prod. Wireless Telecommunication Ships Iron & Steel Prod. Textile Prod. Textile Fabrics Electronics Goods/Parts % 15 8.4 7.7 5.5 4.8 4.7 2.8 2.7 2.1 2.1 2007 Item Semiconductor Automobile Wireless Telecommunication Ships Petrochemical Prod. Flat panel Display Computers Synthetic Fibers Automobile Parts Iron & Steel Prod. % 10. 10 8.2 7.5 6.4 4.6 3.7 3. 3 3.

Major R&D StatisticsGERD (US$, Million) Govt vs. Private R&D / GDP Researcher (FTE, Persons) 1968 4 97:3 0.25* 1,750 1970 32 71:29 0.39* 5,628 1980 321 64:36 0.56* 18,434 1990 4.676 19:81 1.72 70,503 2000 12.249 28:72 2.39 159,973 (108,370) 2008 31.288 27:73 3.39 300,050 ( 236,137)

Source: Ministry of Science and Technology * R&D / GNP 1. Growth of S&T Sector Evolution of R&D System (GERD, %)Public Institute (GRIs) University Company Total 1970 84(25) 4 13 100 1980 49(27) 12 38 100 1990 22(16) 7 71 100 2000 15(11) 11 74 100 2008 14(10) 11 75 100

- 91 -

Academic Papers (SCI)Number Increase (%) Share (%) Rank 1997 7.852 21.7 0.96 18 1999 11.150 15.1 1.27 16 2000 12.316 10.5 1.39 16 2002 15.705 6.6 1.71 14 2004 19.249 3.5 1.96 14 2005 23.408 19.5 2.02 14 2006 23.286 1.0 2.05 13 2007 25.494 9.5 2.17 12 2008 35.569 39.1 2.42 12

Overseas Patents (U.S.A., Registration)Number Rank 1990 224 18 1993 777 12 1995 1.181 9 1998 3.312 7 2000 3.352 9 2003 3.980 6 2004 4.518 5 2005 4.388 5 2006 5.990 5 2007 6.295 4

2. Korean Innovation Model Key Elements by PhaseFocus Development path Means to achieve Critical element Core mode Phase: Path-Following problem-solving for imitation known (available) known (available) reverse engineering collective learning Phase : Path-Revealing problem-solving for innovation known (available) unknown reverse engineering collective recombination Phase : Path-Creating problem-defining for innovation unknown unknown reverse engineering collective creativity

Typical Products by Phase(1)Memory Chip (Samsung) Mobile Phone (Samsung) Phase 64K, , 4M / 16M DRAM Analog Cellular Phone Phase 256M, 1G, 4G DRAM Flash Memory Multi Chip Package Anycall WiBro DMB LNG Carrier On-Ground Building Method(04.10) Cruise Ship* Yacht* Super Liner* Phase Memory + Logic PRAM 4th Generation

Shipbuilding (Hyundai)

VLCC Tanker Bulk Carrier Container Ship

Eco Ship New Concept Ship:Ultra speed/ Super large

* Targets to challenge

- 92 -

Typical Products by Phase(2)Automobile (Hyundai) Phase Pony Excel Sonata Alpha Engine Mass Production of General Steel Top-rate Operational Technologies Phase Accent Theta Engine Hybrid Electric Vehicle* Fuel Cell Vehicle* High Value-added Steel Advanced Mill: Kwangyang Mill FINEX Process(07.05) MMIM* Phase Intelligence Vehicle Hydrogen Vehicle

Steel (POSCO)

HIPERS (Super Steel)

III. - 93 -

Finance

Human Capital /KWorker/

Institutions

Law & Regulations

Process & Management

Government K-Generation & Aquisition K-Utilisation & Management

Government

University and GRI Make Some

Ebnterprises

Buy Some

People at large Companies

- 93 -

- 94 -

K-Generation & Aquisition

The NIS Value Chain

K-Utilisation & Management

State

Champions Advisors Popularisers

Champions Advisors Popularisers Planners Managers Educators Practioners Companies Industry

Institutions

Planners Managers Educators Practioners

Creation of economic development agencies Economic Planning Board (EPB) Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) Ministry of Finance (MoF)

- 94 -

5 6 7 8 9 President of South Korea General Park Chung-Hee

th

th

th

th

th

Creation of S&T Institutions KIST KAIST National Research & Development Program (NRDP)

/1963-1979/

Creation of Industrial giants POSCO Daewoo Samsung Hyundai...

72 $

1597 $

- 94 -

For the second nation-building, we will focus on establishing a knowledgebased economy where information and leading technology play a central role.

- 95 -

Address by President Kim Dae-jung commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Republic of KoreaAugust 15, 1998

I will promote the continued expansion of the infrastructure for a knowledge and information society and cultivate new industries..Inaugural Address by President Roh Moo-Hyun February 25, 2003

Our main task is to overcome the point at issue, our economic crisis. However, we also have to prepare for our future. Therefore, our fullscale promotion of informatization is valuable as a new growth engine for the future of Korea.

- 95 Address by President Lee Myung-Bak Visionary Announcement for IT December 3, 2008

IY. :

, 1994, 2010 , 2008 2008-2012 (1999-2005), 1998 - , 2007 , 2007 , 2009 26

, /2010-2015/ - 95 -

:

, 1994, 2010 , 2008 2008-2012 biotechnology (1999-2005), 1998

, 2007 , 2007 , 2009 26

, - /2010-2015/ :

- , 2009 9 , 2009 12 , , 2009 12 , 2010 6 // // //

:

- , 2009 9 , 2009 12 , , 2009 12 , 2010 6 / / / / / /

- 96 -

, , :

- , 2010 10 /Return of Talent/ , 2010 6 - , , 2010 6 // /National Industrial Champions/ //

, , :

, 2010 10 /Return of Talent/ , 2010 6 , , 2010 6 // / / /National Industrial Champions/

, , , , , , , , , , , . , , 2010-06-24 , , , , , , , , , , , . , , 2010-06-24

- 97 -

, : / - / , 2009 1 - , , 2009 7 , 2010 5 10 , , . /-. , . , , -, -, - , , , -, .../ - 20, 10 1,2 . , : USI , , , , , ...

, : / / , 2009 1 , 2009 7 , 2010 5 10 , . / , , , , , , .../ biotechnology 20, nanotechnology 10 12 . : USI LLC, Monos LLC, Monkhimo LLC, Monenzim LLC, Biokombinat , Wisdoms Assets Holding Group LLC...

- 98 -

. . . , . . . . . Margaret Tetcher

- 99 -

: , , ()1. : . (), (), (), (, ), (, ), (), (), [], () . (Yeke Mongol ulus, ) . . () () 926 . , 995 ( 14) () [] . . 2. : 1218 , 1219 . 1224 () 7 . 2 1231 . 30 . () 1273 . , () . [ ] 1276 () , () . . , . (), [] . Historiae Mongalorum (Solangi) - 100 -

, Itinerarium (Solangi) (Caule) . (Qan Bali, ) , . () 1295 ( 21) () () . [] . [] [ ] () , () () . 1368 20 () [], . 1388 [] . . () [], [], [] [] 1894 () . () (), (), () , . 3. 20 : 20 , ( ) , , , . , 1948 10 15 . 1980 , . 1990 3 26 . 1990 , , . 1991 10 (. ) , 1992 ( ) . 1992 . 1992 5

- 101 -

. 1993 () 1995 . 1997 , - (Mon-Sol Project) , . 1999 5 . 4. 21 : 2000 , 2001 (. ) , 2006 . 2006 ( ) ( ) 800 . 2007 5 (. ) . 2007 (MOU) 2008 . 2008 2 . 2009 () , (. ) . 2010 , , , , , . , . , . , . . . 20 . . , , . .

- 102 -

- : , , ( ) 1. - : . , , , , , , , , , . - . , . 926 . 995 10 - 1000 ()- . . 2. , : 1218 - , 1219 . 1224 - , . 2 1231 - . , 30 , . ()- 1273 - . , . 1276 , 2 . , . , . - (, ), - (, ) , . - - 103 -

Historiae Mongalorum- (Solangi)- Itinerarium- (Solangi) (Caule)- . (Qan Bali, )- , , . - 1295 - . , , . . 1368 ( )- 20 , ( ), . 1388 . . - - () , , 1894 - . - (, ), - (, ), (, ) (, ) . . 3. XX - : XX , , , . , , - . 1948 10- 15- 2 , . 1980- . 1990 3- 26- - .

- 104 -

1990- - , , , , . 1991 10- . , 1992 . 1992 , - . 1992 - - , 5 - . 1993 1995 . 1997 - , - (Mon-Sol Project)- . 1999 5- - . 4. XXI - : 2000- 2001 . - 2006 - . 2006 800 . 2007 5- . - . 2007 - - , 2008 . 2008 2- . - - 2 - . 2009 . . 2010 - , , , . , , , . , .

- 105 -

, , , , . - . . , 20 , . . . . . , , .

- 106 -

. (), . () 1. migration . . 3-6 . . . . . .

. . , , . , , , , , . , , , , , 5 .

1.1. , . .

- 107 -

1.2.

200 3 . 15-20 , 80 ( : - , 2006 ). 1951 (IMO) 2008 6 123 . 130,000 7 , , , , . , - 30- , - 10- , 7000, 3000, 2000, 1000 (. , 2008). 1.3. -

- 1990 3- 26- . . , - 2007 39860 44000 2003 270% . 3000 . 2005-2010 - .

7

130 30 . , 90- 30, 10, 20, 21, 33 . 1991 80 71 , . 21 . - 35 , - 22 , 18 , 8000 , 4000 , 3000 . . 1990- , . ( : www.tulhuur.com, . , 2009)

- 108 -

50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0

24700

32580

39860 43113 27268

2005

2007

2010 8

: - 2008 . http://www.immigration.go.kr/ - 37 25 43113 . , 23671 , 19442 , 6765, 13587, 5219, 8304, 548, 201 .

11% 21% 13%

0% 32%

23%

?

2010 2. 2.1.

3 40 ,

??? - 109

, 50 . , , 3 . . - .

, (most difficult, . dangerous, and dirty works or 3Ds) . , . , . , , . , , . - , . 2008 700 . 2009 20-30 . 5000 1000-1500 . , 8000 , , . - 110 -

. . , 900 . 620 . . 2008 40 . 2253 (. , 2009). 2.2.

, . 3 . - 3500 . - 2- . . . 2009 14, 2010 18 . . - - 40 , 1- . - , , , , . , , . 3000$ 1500$ 4000$ 1800$ 4500$ 4500 3000 2500 200 300 2000 400 , .., , , ... , ... , ... , ... , ...

1 2 3 4 5 6

- 111 -

7 8 9

-

6000$ 6000 1100

800 2000 300

, ... , ... , ...

, . . . , . , . . . . 2.3. . 1998 46 2007 976, 2008 309 95% . (160), (57), (45) (, 2008 ). - 67.8% .

- 112 -

(2009 ) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 8 14 39 64 182 348 493 542 276 1966 8 2 12 39 4 60 5 177 4 344 11 482 6 536 3 273 35 1931

: , 2006 . .

- 113 -

, . - 1947-1965 . Baby Boom 7 120 1970 8. , , (. , 2010)

3. . , 20-50 , , . , , , , , . , , . 8

46.4 , 32.1 4 . 25.6 , 16.9 , 12.7 (. , 2010).

- 114 -

, . , . .(2008), Demographic changes and labor migration in Mongolia, - - : , www.monpress.org .(2010), , - - . - 2008 . http://www.immigration.go.kr/ . (2006), , 560 , -, 27-32. - , 2006 . , 2006 .

- 115 -

D.Sainbilegt (), D.Serdaram () 1. migration . . 3~6 . . . . . . () , , . , , , . , , , , () 5 .

1.1 , . 3 . 1.2

2

- 116 -

3% . 15~20% 80% . (: ) 1951 (IOM) 2008 6 123 . 13 , , , , . , 3 , 1 , 7, 3, 2, 1 . (Ts. Bolormaa, 2008) 1.3 1990 3 26 . . , 2007 2007 39,860 44,000 2003 270% . 3,000 . 2005-2010 . (: http://www.immigration.go.kr/

60000 40000 20000 0

24700 32580 39860 43113 27268

2005

2006

2007

2009 2010 8

37 25 43,113 . 23,671 , 19,442 . 6,765, 13,587, 5,219, 8,304, 548, 201 .

- 117 -

11% 0% 21% 13% 32%

23%

2010 , 2

2.1 3% 40% black work(3D), 50% . , , 3 . , .

, (most difficult, dangerous, and dirty works or 3Ds) . . . . , , , .

. . . .

. , .

- 118 -

2008 700 . 2009 20-30% . 5000 1000-1500 . 8000 . . . 5 900 620 . 2008 40% . 2,253 . (M. Khangal, 2009). 2.2 - , . 3 . 3,500 . 2 . , . . , 2009 14, 2010 18 . . 40 , 1 . , , , , . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3000$ 1500$ 4000$ 1800$ 4500$ 4500 6000$ 6000 1100 3000 2500 200 300 2000 400 800 2000 300 , , , , , , , , , , ,

- 119 -

. . . . . . . . .

2.3. . 1988 46 , 2007 976, 2008 309 . 95% . (160), (57), (45) . (: 2008 ) , 68.7%

(2009)

- 120 -

1998 8 8 1999 14 2 12 2000 39 39 2001 64 4 60 2002 182 5 177 2003 348 4 344 2004 493 11 482 2005 542 6 536 2006 276 3 273 1966 35 1931 (: 2006 ) . 3000 . , . . , 2 Baby Boom 1947-1965 . 7 1970 9. 9

46.4% , 32.1% . 25.6% , 16.9% , 12.7% . (B.Dulmaa 2010)

- 121 -

(B.Dulmaa 2010) 3 . , 20~50 . , , , . , , . . .

- 122 -

. ( ) . (Eznis Airways LLC) 1. , , . . 1985 -- (, - - , - , - , , , ). , 1985 - , 50 -24 - 2-3 ( -24 5-6 ). - , 1990 160- -154 , , . 1990- "" - ()- . "Korean Air" , . 100 "Korean Air" . , - "", "Korean Air" , , , , , . , , - ("", "Air China", " ", " " - 124 -

-, -, - , - ). , , , . , - , , , , . 2. , , , . , , . 1990- , - . 50 . , 3-5 , (, , ). , , , . , , , , - , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , .

- 125 -

Korea Knowledge Society from ICT perspectiveYoungSik Kim (e-Government Advisor, ICTPA), MinJe Baik (Graduate School, Kyunghee University)

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to introduce a Korea knowledge society experience by promoting ICT industry and the relevant major successful factors for achieving a knowledge-based society. Compared with other countries, Korea is one of the fastest countries in development, especially, in terms of accomplishment of knowledge society, which has only taken 50 years. Despite difficult situations from Koreas liberation and the Korea war, and financial crises twice in Koreas history, the reason why Korea could make a fast and remarkable accomplishment was due to the five-year economic development plans based on the strong government leadership, boosted investment in ICT industry with government strategy of select and concentration, supports by international society, and other social endeavors with a self survival spirit and can-do spirit, which can be seen in voluntarily gold-donating movements. Therefore, Korea has gained a great deal of commendation and furthered its reputation over the world and through Koreans experience, it has shown that in order for a country to develop their own economy, there should be not only strong leadership action and commitment to economic development, but also hard working human recourses who can dedicate their work in their field with responsibility, passion, and enthusiasm. I. Introduction As time goes by, the worlds transformation from an agrarian society to an industrialized, informative, and knowledgeable society, in turn, has been changed and developed with certain major industries were oriented. The distinctive feature of the transformation is that the cycle of the each stage of societies has been shorter, which presents a rapidly changing modern society. For the last 50 years Korea, one of the fastest countries in development, has remarkably achieved economic growth during the period from the agrarian society to its current informative and knowledgeable society, with implemented five- year economic development plans based on the strong government leadership, supports by international society, and with overall social endeavors since Koreas liberation and Korea war. Although there were serious financial crises twice, Korea has shown its remarkable capabilities to promptly tackle the crises, such as voluntarily gold-donating movements, and turned problems into chances for stepping on to the next stage of development process that resulted in becoming a knowledgeable society. Therefore, Korea has gained a great deal of commendation and furthered its reputation over the world. This paper is going to state the summarization of Koreas development process which transformed to the Knowledge-based society and its status from the ICT perspective. Chapter II introduces the definition and development process of global - 126 -

knowledge society in brief. Chapter III states Koreas background of becoming a knowledge society, Koreas economic development process including financial crisis in 1997, how Korea changed the crisis into an opportunity, and Cyber Korea 21 policy. Chapter IV takes into account ICT contribution on a Knowledge-based society. Finally, Chapter V is a conclusion with critical success factors of a Knowledge society in Korea. II. Definition of Knowledge society and its development process Knowledge society refers to any society where knowledge is the primary production resource instead of capital and labour or may also refers to the use a certain society gives to information , which means a knowledge society handles knowledge with the intention of building a successful and thriving opportunity for its people. (Wikipedia) Looking at the development process of Human society, it started from the agrarian society, followed by the industrial society, information society, and currently knowledge society. Meanwhile, with these developments of society, the degree of globalization, complication, and convergence has been increased (figure 1)

(figure 1) There are three features from the information society to knowledge society as follows: the cycle of technology development becomes shorter; among technologies become convergence; the boundary among industries becomes ambiguous. III. Korea Journey to Knowledge Society 1. Background In early 1900s, Korea was a colony dominated by Japan and then suffered from the Korea war, that was in fact derived from the confrontation between the U.S. and Soviet Union in the cold war in 1950s. Despite all the serious damages and sacrifices from the war, Korea was able to be independent from Japan with its strong willingness for it and the supports from the international society. Afterwards, with a great effort and passion, Korea stepped on as the

- 127 -

worlds 15th economic country and reached GDP of 10,000 USD in 2000. 2. The process of economic development For the last 50 years, Korea has gradually grown up and reached to the level of 10,000 USD per GDP in 2000 from the level of less than around 100 USD per GDP in 1960. After liberation and the Korea war, Korea severely faced poverty and dedicated on the five-year economic development plans from 1962. From 1962 to 1991, as the five- year economic development plan was exemplified 6 times and driven by strong government leadership and endeavors, Koreas economy was able to establish the base of the modern economy , and afterwards continuously could accomplish economic growth with this structure. However, Korea underwent through an economic down turn caused by harsh conditions externally and internally in 1980s, and later during the financial crisis in the late of 1997. Although during the period of financial crisis it seemed frustrating to the Korea economic conditions, which 60 million USD from IMF were promised to Korea for a bailout, it was the crucial turning point to transform Korea economy from an industrial society into a knowledge-based one. Throughout the structural reforms and pain-sharing during the crisis, Korea was able to repay 15.5 billion, which were the part of the IMF stand-by drawings 9 months ahead of schedule. Furthermore, the reason why early-moneyrepaid was possible could be found from the overall societys endeavors that