325

أسس اللينينية

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

4291

" "

: . . . . . . . . .

5

. . . . . . (0481 0581) . : . . . .

. . .

( ) .

6

. . . . : . . . .

7

-1-

. " ". . . . - . .

: . . . 8

. " " . . . "" . . . . "". . . "" .

9

. : . . : . . . . " ". .i

: Classique :

i

. 01

. . . . . . . .

11

. . . . ( ) () . :pacifisme Social ii

ii

"" . - . 21

. . "" 0481 0581. "

. " ":

".

.

. . 0481 0581 ( ). . 2091 " " :31

" ( - )

)

(

...

". () . 283 ).

: . .

41

. . "" " " . . " " " " " ". " " . "" " " "" . : . ( ) . 51iii

-2-

iii

. . . "" . . "". . . . . . . . . .61

. . ( ) . . . . . : : . . . : . ( ) 71

0581 "" " " 7191 : . . : . : ( ) ( ) .iv

iv

:

81

. : ! ... ... " " " " ( ) " " ( ) .vi v

. . 91

v vi

: " " . vii

""

: " ". "" . : " " . :" ...

:

"" .

". ( 32 773).

"": 42 52 ( ) 2191

vii

. 02

. "

" ":

.

. ( 52 002). . . 4091 " " ( )

:

. .

". ( 6 161).

. "12

" . . . .

22

-3-

: 1) ) "" . )

32

"" . " " . . . . . : " ( 083viii

"

).

. .

viii

42

. 2091 : " " ( ). . . " ". :

. " " .

ix

.Empiriocriticisme et Materialisme 52

ix

"" "" . " " "" x

" ". .

. . " " . "" .

: Trade Unionisme

x

. 62

" " " " "" . . . . " ". . . . "". " " . " " " ". . ! . " " . " " "" " ". "" " . 72

"" . .. .. " ".. . "" " "

82

: ( "" ). : "" . - " " "" : "" ( )Metropole xi

xi

. .- . 92

( ""). : . " " "" "" - : ( ""). : . " ( " "xii

"

91 17 ). . . . . .xii

03

"" "". . . . . . . . .

13

... . : ! . . 7191 . . . . . . . . .

23

."... ...

:

""

.

" (" "

72 514 614). . . ( ) " " . . ""

33

" " "" "" () - . 5091 "" "

:

.

""

.

."( 69).

"" . 6191 43

. . . 5091 " " " " ( 462). " " ( 5091) " " " ...

:

"

" ..."

(" " 191). 5191 "

:

... " " "" (- ). xiii

xiii

. . 53

". (" " 813).

" ..

:

( ).

""

.

". ( 32 193). .

: " ()" " " . . . . "" 63

" " . "" . " . 0581 . "" . "" "" . . () "

:

".

:

73

1) 0581 0681 "" 2) . . "" "" () . "" "" "" " ". ( 5191 "" . " " 81 713). " "" " ( ). "" . . . 83

. . . ."

:

.

:

. " "

( )

( ) .xiv

:

" " . .

.. " ( 52

222). . . . . 93xiv

. . . . " " ( 32 583). .

04

-4-

: ) . ) . ) .

14

. . . . . " " (). . . . . "" : 1)

24

2) ) ." .

. :

.

" " ( "..."). ""

". ( 32 553).

. "

:

".

" 453".

34

" " (: "

("" 52 371).

.

: ( ) "" ( ).

( ) ( ) ."

) ... . ()

"

(: 32 543).

". ( 371 981)."

:

" "

". ( 371 091).

. " " 44

. ."

:

". ( : :

)."

. . . " "...

". ( 52 742 842).

54

"" . " " " " "" . . . . "" ( ) " " . . 7781 8781. xv

xv

: " ". ( ). 64

. . . . . . . ". : "

(: ).

: . " xvi

: ""

(xvii

...") ( ).

) . . . .xvi xvii

74

"" "" . "" . . " " "" . . . . : - . ". : "

1781 "...

84

...

".

( ). 0781 0881 . . " 7191

. :

. "" ( )

" " " "" ( 4191 7191 "" ).

. "

( 12 593).

. 94

"" " " ". . ."

:

". ( . 32 243).

05

. . . . . . . .

15

. . xviii

- "

". " " xix

" xx

". (:

42). . " : ". . . . . . .xviii xix xx

25

. . "

. :

". ( ). .

. .

35

"

". ( ).

. . ."

:

xxi

". (" " 22. 131).

. . .

xxi

45

-5-

: 1) 2) ) )

55

. . . . . (5091) . . : . . . .

65

- . " " "". . : - . . . . .

75

(5091) ( 7191) . . xxii

( ) () . . . . () 7191. ( ) / . "": " " (xxii

"") . " ". "" 5091 - . 85

. . . . . . . . . ( 5091) . :95

) . 45 005 33 . . ) - . ) 5091 . . ) . ) . ) . 06

. "" " "

5091 . . . .

16

(7191) ( 7191). . . . ( ) ( ) . . - . . " " " " .

26

" ". : . . . . . . . . . . .36

- xxiii

.

: . - . . : . .Cooprationxxiii

46

. . " ". " " (: " "). . . " .

:

.

.

.

.

.

56

.

.

" ( ).

. " " " " " " . . . . . . :

66

. . : ... . . . . . . . "

:

76

-

xxiv

""

". (" " 293. ).

" " " " " .

:

".

"" .

( 393).

. . .

NEP :

xxiv

- . 86

-6-

. )

) .

96

. . "". : . . "" " " . . "" " " . .

07

. xxv

. . xxvi

. . . xxvii

.

. " " " " " ( ) . : - Autonomie . : Annexion . : ( )Chauvinisme xxv xxvi xxvii

. 17

. " " . . . "" . . . . :

27

. . "" . . . . . . 0481 0581 " " " " " " ."

:

(: ) .

37

". ( : " " 752 852 ). . . . . . "" "" "" xxviii

. . "" xxviii

. 47

"" . . " ". ( 752).

57

: ) : . ) . ) . ) . ) . ) . ) " xxix

" ().

11.

xxix

67

) . ) . ) . : ." :

:

.

.

.

". (" " 71 931 041 ).

" " . . 77

"" "" . "" ( ..) "" "" . . xxx

. . . : xxx

( ...) 8191 1291 . 87

. . . . "

:

!... .

(

"" xxxi

. ""

) "" ""

.

.

: :

xxxi

: 0191 6391 : 3191 0291 .

97

. . " " . ...

" "

... . . .

.

"

. .

" "

". ( : " " 162 262 ).

" "

08

-7-

: ) . ) . ) . ) . ) . ) .

18

. . . . . . . ( ) 28

(). . . : " " "" "" " " " " " " . .

38

( ) . . . 3091 7191 : . : . : . : . : . " " (: " " 8 69 ). 7191 7191 : .

. : . : . : . ( ) . : . "

48

" ( ). . : . . : . : . : . . .

58

... . . . ( 3091 7191) . 3091 5091 . : . . : . . 7091 2191

68

. . . . . . . .

78

: : ) ) ) . : ) ) )

( ) . . . ( ) () .

88

. . . : . 7191 . . . : . . 1 2

: .

.

98

3 4 5 (

. " ". .

) " "

(: " " 12 913 023 ).

." : 1) "

:

" : 3) " : 2) "

.

...

. " (: 52

922 ). . " " .

09

" " 7191 . . " ". . : " ". . ." .

:

.

19

" ( : 771). .

" " . ."

:

.

" (: " ". 22 891)." " "

:

". (: " ". 72 7). .

29

. . : : . . . . : .

39

. . xxxii

"" .

7191 . . " " . ." .

:

.. .

.

: ( : )

xxxii

(8091 2191) . 49

.

.

. (

" ( 52 822). : .

)

. ( ").xxxiii

) ( "

(). .. . 42. 59xxxiii

. .. "" "" ." . ..

:

()

..

1291 2291 " "

. ""

(: " " 72 28). .

69

. . " " ."

:

( ) ) .

(

".

(: 52 012). .

. . . . . . 79

. . . "". . . . " " : " " . . . . .89

." .

:

: .

.

. . ). ( " " . "... (

)

" (:

. " "

" 72 48 58).

99

-8-

. . . . . . . . 001

. : .. .. . . . . . .

101

1 . . . . . . " xxxiv

"

. "" . . Suivisme .xxxiv

201

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

. . . : ) . ( xxxv

" (

.

. .

)

". ( " " 6 502 602).

Manilovisme .

xxxv

" " . 401

2

. . . . . . . . . 3091 "" "" "" " " "" "" "" . "" ""

501

. "" ."

:

" " " ".

"" .

". ( 112).

. ."

:

.

.

". ( 192).

"" " " ... .

601

" " "

xxxvi

" .

" .

: " ":

" " ".. xxxvii

"" "

...

...

( ".xxxviii 6 013 782).

. ""

:Nihilisme .

xxxvi

. . . : . " ": xxxvii xxxviii

. (). 701

3

. . : ( ) ( ) .. . . : . . . : .

801

. . . ... . " " . ( 52 491). "" "" .

901

4

. . . . . . . ."

:

011

". ( 371). " " " " . ."

:

.

.

". ( 091). .

.

111

5

. . "" . ."

:

". (

52 282 382). .

211

." (

:

) ". ( 52 091).

. . . "" . . " " " ".

311

" " " " " ". ( " ").

411

.xxxix

6

. ." " "

:

( ) .

"."xl ( 91 77).

. . "" : . .: Fractionuisme .

xxxix xl

72. 511

" " "" . . . xlii xli

. ."

:

. . .. .

..

. . :Liquidateurs "" xli xlii

5091 . "" . . 611

. xliii

"" ..

". ( " " 52 264 364 464).

. 711

xliii

-9-

. . . : 1) . 2) . . . . . "" .xliv

. 53.xliv

811

"" "" ( ) . "" .. "" "". . . " " "

. :

".( 71 1291 72 05 15). "" "" . : " ..

". (" ").

"" . . .

911

"" . : "" "" "" " " . . " " " " . "". . . . 69 79 301 501 701 801 111 62 03 9 11 41 51 81 4291.

021

121

-1-

. - - . . . . . .

221

. - . : . . " " ( ) . ... . . .

321

. . . . . . 3291 . ." 7191

:

. 1. - - 2. :

. 8191

. .

421

3. 4.

.

-

.

". ( - 52 .

502 ).

521

-2-

. . . . " ". .

621

. - . 8491 1781 . . . "" "" " " " " . . " " " " . ."

:

( )

721

".

( : " " 42 113 ). :

" -

-

". (" " 42 633). .

. "" . . . . " " .

821

"" . . : " " (" " 32 683 ). . " " 5091 " " " " . " " 5091 " " . " " . 5191 " " " " " ". """ " "

"" ". (" " 81 813 ).

921

" " . "" 2291 "5091". "" " ": " 9 5091 " ". . . . . . " (1) " ". " ".

031

. " " . " " : " " " ". " " " " "" " " . " " . . " " . " " . ... ... ". . ". " " " ".

131

" " . . . . . " " ""- . . . . . :1. "

". (: "" 91 47 ).

231

2. " ""

( )

". ( ).

3. . 4. . 5. . . . ." .

:

.

331

.

" (" ": 81 232-332 ).

. . . . " " . : "" (6091). " " . ". " " "" " " .

431

. 6091 . " "7191". . ( ) . " ". : " "-" ( ..) : " . . . "" . "" 531

" 7191 ( 4291)

". "-"

. . ". . . . . . . ! . 631

. . . : . . " " 7191 4291. . "" " " 2291. :

"

. .

" "

.

...

731

.

".

" " . "" "" "". " " . " " " ". "" : . "" . "" . "" " " "" " ""

"" :

.

. .

831

.

". (" " 72 663 ). "" "

:

". (" " 72 293 ).

. " " : " ". " ". " ": . : . " "931

. . " " . " " . : 5091. 5091 . 7191 . "

. :

.

5091 ( " " ..) ".

.

.

.

" " " . 7191 . " " 5091 . . " ". . " " 5091 " ". 041

" " . " " .

141

-3-

. . : : . 7191 " " " ". 7191 " ". 7191 "". 7191 241

"" " " "" . . . . 7191 7191 ( 7191). . . . . . - :

341

" 02 12 9 3 .

. ( 02 ) ( 9 3 ). --

().

". (" " 12 543 "" . "" : 1.

).

. 2. . 3. . 4. 5. .

. . . 1781 .441

: . : 1. . 2. ( ) . 3. . 4. ( 5091-7191) . . . . " " . . - .

541

. - - " " - " " . . - . - 641

. . - . . . " ". . " " . "

:

7191:

741

.

.

...

.

". (" " 12 852 -952 ). . " " :

. - ( - )

841

( ) . . - . " " . " ". . . . - . .941

: . . : . . . : . . 7191 . 051

: 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . " " ."

:

- 7191

- 7191. ..

( )

151

. 7191

.

". ( - 52 102 -202 ). :

"

" " ". ( ).

"" . " " . ). " " ( : " " 12 833 . " " " .251

. 7191 "

"(" " 12 891).

" 1781" "

:

" ". ""

:

" ". . ... 1781 . ""

. "" .

" "

". . .

(" " 12 093-293).

.

351

. .

451

-4-

. . . " " : " !". " " " " " " (" " 32 453 ). . . .

551

. . . . : . ( ) . "" "". ."

:

: .

" " ".

.

. . ".651

- ..-

" " "

... . ""

". ( " 72 514-614 ).

. . . . . .

751

. "

". (: " " 32 083 ).

. ."

:

". ( ).

. 851

. . 71 4291.

() .

951

-1-

" " . : " . : . ".

.

. . . . . : " ".061

. . ("") " "xlv

.

( 32 683) " " ( 52 171

271). :

".xlvi

.

"

. . . . 161

xlv xlvi

261

-2-

. . " :

" ":

.

. ".

. .

. " " ".

":

. . " " ( 32 733)

361

. . . . . " " . : . . .461

-3-

" " " " ""

. :

"" .

".

. 4291 "" . " " ( " "

4291) :

.

" ".

. . 561

. "" . 5091 . "

5091:

xlvii ...

:

- ". ( 8 681 781).

" . xlviii

:

. .

.

". ( 72 62).

: " " 5091. . . . .xlvii xlviii

661

. .

761

-4-

: 1) . 2) . 3) . . 4) 861

. 5) . ."

:

. : : .

.

". ( 22 513)." 5091 .

.

:

7191 .

961

". ( :

22 513)." " ( )

". ( 513). .

. .

" " " ... .

.

". ( 613).

.

. . :

". ( 22 713). .071

.

. ." "

:

". ( 12 373).

"

( ."xlix 42 746).l

: "

.

". ( ). :

"

. .

xlix l

. . 171

li

". ( ). .

:

"

.

". ( 42 113). " " " "":

"" .

"

.

". ( 62 682).

. . .

li

271

. . . . :

"

) .

(

)

"" ( ".

" ".

:

: " " "" "

" :

" " " .

371

"

".

. " . ."

: ". ( 62 832).

"

:

". ( 064).

:"

". ( 52 144).

"

.

". ( 52 634).

. :

471

"

. " ( . )

" ...

". ( 42 503).

".

.

.

". ( . : 1) . 2) .

413).

571

3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

671

-5-

. "" " " "" . " " " " . " " " " " . . . 771lii

lii

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871

( ). . . . . . . . . . ."

.

.

971

.

."liii

" " ().

. "" " ". ."

:

". ( 52 291).

.

.

liii

081

. " " ." " "

:

"

". ( 62 56).

.

.

: ". ( 62 46).

. . ."

"" ""

. liv

".

. . . . . 181liv

". ("" ) . " ". " " " ". : . " ( .. ) " ". ".

. . . . "" " " ( ) . .281

"" . . . . . . ( ) ( ) . . . "

". ( 42 113).

. . . . . 381

. . . " (). . . "

. . ." "" ""

:

". ( 62 802).

. . : "

" " " ( 42 21 51) . " " lv " . .

"

lv

481

( 52 291 391) "

" ( 62 46). . . . "

" ( 91 513). :" lvi

( 52 371).

.

.

"

:

". ( 52 091).

:

" .

. . .lvi

581

lvii

. .

.

.

.

.

". ( 52 471). :

"

.

. . " "

.

:

. .

lvii

681

1) (" ") . 2) . 3) . . " ". ( 62 532). . . " " .

781

. lviii

. " ( 52 513). : 1) " " . 2) . 3) 4)

. .

lviii

881

"" () . . "" . . ." " ()

:

... ...

()

..

...

". ( 52 781 881).

. " ". " "

981

" " . : 1) " " . 2) . 3) . . . "" () : 1) (" ") . 2) .

091

3) . . . . . . " lix

" ":

". ( 12 683).

.

. . :

. . 191

lix

"

.

. . .

( ."lx 62 832).

. " " .

. ". ( 12 282). ". ( 52 122).

. .

. . .

.

. .

lx

291

". ( 822).

7191 . .

. ."

:

" "

"" ". ( 52 791). . ! . .

.

391

. . . .

! . . "" ." .

:

... . .

.

". ( 62 " ":

. .lxi

532)."

". ( 47). . .lxi

491

. . . . . () . ("" ) . " ". . " ". " ". "" ... "" " ". "". :591

" . lxii

.

! . ".

. "" "" "" "" ("") ("") . "" "" "" . ."

.

:

: " !

". ( 42 324). . .lxii

691

" "" ( "" .

:

) " " .

( )

". ( 42 634).

. . " "" . " " ( 3 794). " " . " " (" ") " " . " ".

791

( " " " " " "" ). . : " " . " " . ( ) . " " " " . "" " " .891

" " . : : . : : "" . . " ( . )

.

:

". ( 72 " "

.

652). .

991

-6-

" " ( 4291 ) . : " . . " ( ). . .002

"

" " . :

.

.

. .

" " ". ( ). " ". ( 4291) . .

. .102

: " " ( 4291). " " " " " " " " " " ).lxiii

.

"

" () " ( 5291) . " () " 5291." .

: ( (

. . ).

. . )"... "

lxiii

" ". 202

. " ( () ".

"... " ..

"

:

". ( ).

"

:

.

". ( ). .

" " ( 5291) () ( 5291). . . ( 5291) ( 5291) 4291 302

. lxiv

.

. . . . . : () 32 lxiv

.

03 5291. " () . . 402

"

.

. .

". ( 42 221). :

"

. .

. ". ( 72 . :

711).

" : 2) "... 5291 : 1)

: "

1) 2) ".

502

. . . . . . :

"

. : " : " "

". (" " 972 : " lxv

5291). "

. . . .lxv

602

- . " "! . . 5191 " .

:

. lxvi

". ( 81 232 332). : " "

" " . . 7191. "" " " . . . 702lxvi

5191 7191 " " 3291."

:

-

lxvii :

". ( 72 293).

. . . 7191 7191 -

. . .lxvii

802

" () ". . : lxviii ...." " ..." " . . "

lxix " " () ". ( ).

"". " " .

. . . . 902

lxviii lxix

. . . . . . . "" " ". . . / . "" () "" " lxx

.

:

. () 72 92 lxx

5291.

012

. ".

.

. . . . . "" "" . " " . ( 5291) ( 5291) "" ( 5291) .

" " 112

. " ". "" " " . " " " " " ".

212

-7-

" ". . " ". " " . . . . . .

" " :312

1)" .

2)" ".

. . . . .

.

.

".412

. " " ( 72 693). . . . . . . 512

. . . . . ( ) . . . . 612

.

. . . . . ( ) ( ) . . . . " " () . .712

. . () " -

:

"

( ).

" " . . . ( ).

812

. . . . " " ( ) "": . . . . . .912

:

"" . . . . "" " " . . . . . 022

. . "". " " . . 1291 " " . . " " 3291 " " ( 72 693).

122

. " " ( 3291) : lxxii lxxi

" ( 72 693). . " " . " " "" " " . ." (

:

"" ) " ( ).

" "

" " .

. . . .

lxxi lxxii

222

. " " " " . . " " " " " " : . "

". ( 62 733). " " " " . " " . ( 1291) ( 3291) " ". " ".

lxxiii

. . 322

lxxiii

. " " . : . .lxxiv

" "

" " . . "" . " " " " " () " " " " 5291.lxxiv

422

" " " ( () ). () " " . 52 6291 ..

522

- ..................................................................... 5 ........................................................... 8 ......................................................................... 51 ......................................................................... 32 ............................................................ 14 .................................................................. 55 .................................................................. 96 ............................................................ 18 ........................................................................ 001 ............................................................. 811

- ....................................... 221 ........................ 141 ...................................... 451 .... 621

- ................................................................ 951 ............................................................ 261 ............................................................ 461 .................................... 761 ......................... 671622

....................................... 991 ..................................... 212

722