Аварии и эвакуация пассажиров из самолета

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1. : . , . . , . , . , , 1951, 1952 1953 63%, 70% 80% . , , , . . . . , . . , , . , , . , . , , . , , . , , , , . 1.1 , . , , . . , .2. 1.1 , . , , , . , . , . , , . : , , . . , , , , .1.2 , , , . , , (. . , ). , , , 7 . , . . 1.3 ( ) 1520 ., . , , . , . , . , , , . , . , - , . . 1.4 1954 , , , . , . . , . , , , , , 6 . , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) . . , , .3. 3.1 , , 2 , , . , , . 3.2 , 20 . , , , , 1 . , . . , . , , .3.3 ( ), 80 , , , , , . , . , , , . , * , , . 3.4 , - . , , , - , . . : ; (); ; ; ; ( ); ( ); (0,5 ); ; ; ; ; 6 ; ; ; ; ; , . : ; (); ; ; ( ); (2 ); 1 ; ; ; ; ; 6 ; ; ; 5- ( ); (0,5 ), , ; : ; (); ( );! , , , : ; ( , ); ; ; ; ; ; 2 ; ; ( ); 20 ; ; 6 ; 5- ( ); , , 1 ; ; , . : ; (); ( ); , , , : ; ( , ); ; ; ; ; ; 2 ; ; ( ); 20 ; ; 6 ; 5- ( ); , 1 ; ; , . . . 30 , , , . , .4. 4.1 . . , , , , , . , , , . , ; . , ( ), , , , . . , , . , , . . , , , , . , , - , , . 4.2 , , . , , . , . , . , , . , , , . . - . , , . . , , , [3J. . . , , . , , , , , . 4.3 , , , , . , : , . . 34 , . , . . , , . , , , . 4.4 , , , , . , . . , , , , , , , , . . 4.5 . , . , . , . , , , . , . , - , , , . : , , . . , , , ; , , . - , . . , , , , , ( ). , . [14]. 4.6 , , . , , , ( , , .). , . , . . , . , . , . , : 1) 2) , . , , , , , 2 .5. 5.1 , , , . , . . , , , , . ( , ) - , , . 5.2 , .A.. , : ... (), . : . . , :! . . . .B. . , . ( ):1) :! .2) : ! , ( ). , : 0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 09b250020992500524f5f5da09b25009898250010000000089a2500849b2500244f5 f5da09b25009898250020000000ac766e6098982500a09b250020000000ffffffff1c0 ... . ... . ... . . , : ! ( ). , . . , , . : , , . ( . 6 , .) : ! , ( ). , . ( ). . . , . . . , . , . : . , . . . . . , , , . .6. 6.1 ( ). . , . . , . , , . , : , , . , . , , , . , , . , , , . , . , . . , . . , , . , . , , . , . 6.2 A. , . , , . . , , , , .B., , . . . . . , , , . . . . - , , , , . . , . 6.3 , . . . . . A. . . .B. ( ) , , .. 6.4 A. , . , . . .B. , .. . 6.5 . , . . , . 6.6 , , , , , - . , . 6.7 , .6.8 , , . , . , , , , . , , . . 6.9 , , , . . , 10 g, . , . , , , . . . 6.10 , . , . , . , .7. , 7.1 , . 7.2 , , . g 100 30 40 g , . , 69 g, 16,7 g. , . . , , , , , , . , .7.3 , , , , , . , , , . . , , . , , , . , . 7.4 , , , , . , . , , ; , . , . 7.5 , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . 0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 09b250020992500524f5f5da09b25009898250010000000089a2500849b2500244f5 f5da09b25009898250020000000ac766e6098982500a09b250020000000ffffffff1c0 . 11 , . , .7.6 , , , . , , . , - . , , . 7.7 7.7.1 , , , . , , . , , , . , , . , , , , . 7.7.2 : 1) 2) , . ( ) . . , , , , , , . . . , , , . , . . . , 20 g, , . :1. , , .2. .3. .4. [13, 21, 25, 32]. . , , , . , , . 7.7.3 , , . , , , . . , . . . , , , . 30% , , . , , , , . 1 . , , , , . , : 1) , ; 2) , . X. , , , 3) , , [125]. 7.7.4 , , , , . - ( , .) , : 0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 09b250020992500524f5f5da09b25009898250010000000089a2500849b2500244f5 f5da09b25009898250020000000ac766e6098982500a09b250020000000ffffffff1c0 5a70127776e60ffffffffffff0180ffff01803fff0180ffffffff00000000000800000008000 04300000001000000000000005802000025000000372e9001cc00020f05020202041. , , , . , , , , 2. , . , , , .3. , , . 4. , . , . , , , [33]. . , , , . 18, , , , . 1830, , , . 30 , . , , . , , 20- . . , . , [8].8. 8.1 . , , . , , , . , , , . , ;* . . 8.2 () , , . ; . ; . , . . , . 8.3 . . . , . , . 11 , , , 315 308 , . , , . : . , , . , , . , , , . , , , . . 8.4 . , , . , . , . , , . , , , , . , . , , , , . . . , 60 , 30 , 2 , . , , , , , , . - , . , , . , , , . , , . , . , . , , , 310 ., .8.5 , , , , , , , , . , . . , , . . ; , , . . , , , , . , , : , , : , , , [8, 13, 21].0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 09b250020992500524f5f5da09b25009898250010000000089a2500849b2500244f5 f5da09b25009898250020000000ac766e6098982500a09b250020000000ffffffff1c0 5a70127776e60ffffffffffff0180ffff01803fff0180ffffffff00000000000800000008000 04300000001000000000000005802000025000000372e9001cc00020f0502020204 030204ef0200a07b20004000000000000000009f00000000000000430061006c006 9006200720000000000b10b00ba60992500bf226e6030ee4f61c09c2500cc982500e e39676005000000010000000899250008992500187a656005000000309925001c05 a7016476000800000000250000000c00000001000000250000000c0000000100000 0250000000c00000001000000180000000c00000000000002540000005400000000 00000000000000350000006f00000001000000f37487408d8587400000000057000 000010000004c000000040000000000000000000000dd0800008c0a000050000000 200035003600000046000000280000001c0000004744494302000000ffffffffffffffff df0800008d0a0000000000004600000014000000080000004744494303000000250 000000c0000000e000080250000000c0000000e0000800e00000014000000000000 0010000000140000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c02 44011001040000002e0118001c000000fb020200010000000000bc02000000cc010 2022253797374656d00003f3f000000000000000001003f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f0004 0000002d010000040000002d01000004000000020101001c000000fb02f5ff000000 0000009001000000cc0440002243616c696272690000000000000000000000000001. .2. , ( ), .3. , .4. ( ) .5. . :1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 8.6 , , , . . . : , , , (, ). , . , , , , . . , , .0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 09b250020992500524f5f5da09b25009898250010000000089a2500849b2500244f5 f5da09b25009898250020000000ac766e6098982500a09b250020000000ffffffff1c0 5a70127776e60ffffffffffff0180ffff01803fff0180ffffffff00000000000800000008000 04300000001000000000000005802000025000000372e9001cc00020f0502020204 030204ef0200a07b20004000000000000000009f00000000000000430061006c006 9006200720000000000b10b00ba60992500bf226e6030ee4f61c09c2500cc982500e e39676005000000010000000899250008992500187a656005000000309925001c05 a7016476000800000000250000000c00000001000000250000000c0000000100000 0250000000c00000001000000180000000c00000000000002540000005400000000 00000000000000350000006f00000001000000f37487408d8587400000000057000 000010000004c000000040000000000000000000000dd0800008c0a000050000000 200035003600000046000000280000001c0000004744494302000000ffffffffffffffff df0800008d0a0000000000004600000014000000080000004744494303000000250 000000c0000000e000080250000000c0000000e0000800e00000014000000000000 0010000000140000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c02 44011001040000002e0118001c000000fb020200010000000000bc02000000cc010 2022253797374656d00003f3f000000000000000001003f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f0004 0000002d010000040000002d01000004000000020101001c000000fb02f5ff000000 0000009001000000cc0440002243616c69627269000000000000000000000000000 , , . ", , . , . , , . , , .0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 09b250020992500524f5f5da09b25009898250010000000089a2500849b2500244f5 f5da09b25009898250020000000ac766e6098982500a09b250020000000ffffffff1c0 5a70127776e60ffffffffffff0180ffff01803fff0180ffffffff00000000000800000008000 04300000001000000000000005802000025000000372e9001cc00020f0502020204 030204ef0200a07b20004000000000000000009f00000000000000430061006c006 9006200720000000000b10b00ba60992500bf226e6030ee4f61c09c2500cc982500e e39676005000000010000000899250008992500187a656005000000309925001c05 a7016476000800000000250000000c00000001000000250000000c0000000100000 0250000000c00000001000000180000000c00000000000002540000005400000000 00000000000000350000006f00000001000000f37487408d8587400000000057000 000010000004c000000040000000000000000000000dd0800008c0a000050000000 200035003600000046000000280000001c0000004744494302000000ffffffffffffffff df0800008d0a0000000000004600000014000000080000004744494303000000250 000000c0000000e000080250000000c0000000e0000800e00000014000000000000 0010000000140000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c02 44011001040000002e0118001c000000fb020200010000000000bc02000000cc010 2022253797374656d00003f3f000000000000000001003f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f0004 0000002d010000040000002d01000004000000020101001c000000fb02f5ff000000 0000009001000000cc0440002243616c696272690000000000000000000000000009. 9.1 , , , , , , . - , . . 235 , 43 , . , , , , , , , , . , , , , . 9.1 1. . ( , ) , , , , . . 15 44 15 26 , , , 45 65 27 65 . , 40 , , . , . , , , . , , . , , ; , 45 65 () 27 65 (), . , . , , . , , , , , , , . , , . 2. . , , , , . 1, :1) 0,7;2) 0,4.9.2 . , 48 , 60 90 , - , . 43 66 (. . , , ) . , , , . . . , , , : 1) , , 2 8 . 2) , , 1 1,25 . , [13].. , , 90x47 , 58 . , , . , , . 9.3 , 22% , 1951 1953 , . . 16% , . , : 1) 2) , . () , , . , ( ) 50 . , , 7,5 . 90 163 . , , 53 65 . 93 257 . , 90 . . 90 , . , , , . , . , . , , , , -. , , , . :1. : ) ( ); ) , , ) . .2. : , .3. , , . , , . , :1) 50%, , , 86%.2), , 38%, . .3) , , 57%. . , . , , : , . , , , 7 ., 20 .0100090000032a0200000200a20100000000a201000026060f003a03574d46 4301000000000001002aa7000000000100000018030000000000001803000001000 0006c0000000000000000000000350000006f000000000000000000000084250000 a62c000020454d46000001001803000012000000020000000000000000000000000 00000a4120000a81a0000ca00000021010000000000000000000000000000101503 00e8680400160000000c000000180000000a0000001000000000000000000000000 900000010000000de0800008c0a0000250000000c0000000e000080250000000c00 00000e000080120000000c00000001000000520000007001000001000000a4ffffff0 0000000000000000000000090010000000000cc04400022430061006c0069006200 720069000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000025003c98250010000000a 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. , . , , , . , 45, . , . . 45, , , 38%. 9.5 . , . . . , . , . , , . , . , , , . , , ( ). , . , , , . . : , . 9.6 , , , . . . , , 180 , , . , (, -377 DG-4), , , [8, 13, 21]. 9.7 , . , . , . 1 . , . . , .9.8 9.8.1 , 2 500 1946 . , 1938 30 . , , 735 , 420 , 57,17%. . , , , . , . . , . , . - 43 36 33 36 7(16%) 36 (100%) 33(100%) DC-6 CV-240 CV-240DC-4 C-46F- 69 65 58 585217(25%) DC-6A DC-4 ( ) ( ) (- ) ( ) ( )28 58 937 (57%) -0% 49 (84%) 20 4220 4-0% 38 (90%) 9.8.2 , , , , , , . ( ) . . , . , , DC-4 5 . 34 .; DC-3 , ; 1 45 . . . , 15, 6, 5 3 . . . 3 ., , 2 . . , , . , , , , . , , , 2 . , . 9.8.3 , , , , . , - . , , , , , 20 . , . , . . , 20 , , . . , . 2,7 ..................... 20 3,2 ......................... 44,3 ..................... 46,6 ............................................. 96,8 , 120 ., 23,2 . , . , , . , , , . , , . 9.8.4 , , , , 44,3 . 35, 40, 50, 55 60 . 1 16. . , . . , . , 21 1 , 60 . . 100 . 9.8.5 , , , , . , , , . , 20 : , . ......... 96,8 4,0 ( 7 , 0,8 /) 8,0 , ( 1,7 . )...................................................... 34,0 ........................................... 142,8 , , DG-4, , , . 142,8 .9.8.6 , , . , . :1. . 2. .3. . 4. , . . , 35 /, . 3 . 2,5 . , , . , . , , . . , , , , . , . , , , , , , , . , , . . () . , . . 6 , , 20 . , , , , , . , , , . . , . , , , . , . . . , . . , , . , . . . . , . , . , . , . , , , . , , , . , . 9.8.7 :1. . , , . . , , .2. . . , . 3. . , , .4. . , . ( , 58 , ).5. . , . , , , . , . , . , , , .6. . , , , . , , [47].10. 10.1 . : , . , , -6 , , , . , . , DG-3, (D18S), : -. . , . , , , , , 35 , . , , , , () . , , . , . . 10.2 . 1. 2., . .3. , , .4. , , .5. , . , .6. . 7. ; ; . .1. .2. , .3. , .4. .5. . 6. .7. . . .1. . 2. . 3. , . .4. . 5.' , . , . .6. .7. . . .1. .,, 2. , .3. , .4. . .5. , . 6. , .7. , .8. . .1. , ; .2. , . 3. , .4. . .5. .6. . 10.3 . :1. . 2. .3. ( ). , .4. ( ).5. .6. 30 . . , ( 5). :7. , , , . :8. , . 9. , , , , . . :1. ( ). 2. , , , .3. . . 4. . :5. . :6. . 7. , .. :1. ( ). 2.. .3. .4., . :5. . , . . '.6. . 7. , , , . . :1. . . , .2. , . 3. . 4.. , . . .5. ( ). ( ) .6. . :7. . . :8. - .9. , , , . . :1. . .2. , .3. . 4. .5. ( ). . .6. . :7. . . :8. . 9. 5 , ;, . 5, . . . . , , . , . .