4 : " " : " ( , , )": . - 04 ... . ., ... . ., .. 2007 . : 20.1. :b-1082921110h8.2. :d1=247 , d2=277, l1=40, l2=42, Ra=1,25.3. :b-108292H1210D9, l=100, Ra=2,5 .4. . : ___ ., 10 ., 4 ., 2 , 6 . : , , . : . , . ., , , , , , , , , .HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221853" HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221854" 1. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221855" 2. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221856" 1. , HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221857" 2. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221858" 3. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221859" 4. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221860" 5. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221861" 6. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221862" 7. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221863" 8. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221864" 9. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221865" 10. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221866" 3. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221867" 1. , HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221868" 2. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221869" 3. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221870" 4. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221871" 5. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221872" 6. HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221873" HYPERLINK \l "_Toc273221874" : , . . , . (6- - 8- ) (Ra=0.63-0.25 ). , 12 12,5 . , . . . .1. : . b-1082921110h8. - 10, df=82h14 (-0,87), da=92a11 (), b=10h8 (-0,022), =0,545.1. 2. 3. , 1 - , .4. , - , .5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. , 12. , 13. , z - .14. 15. , Deu, zu - [1, .14, .227].16. 17. 18. 19. ( )20. 21. 22. ( ) - 23. L=90, ( ) d=40, bxhxl - 12890, t2=3,3; D1=50, z=12.2. :d1=22, d2=27 - , ;l1=52, l2=30 - ( ); - 20, 146-207, =785 ; - 65 19265-79; 2135; .1. , 2211 (+0,13)2711 (+0,13) :2. ( 3):3. 0,6 f q. : : 2q 0,1 - 2,5. 2.1 - 4. . - 2=118, 3. :=12 - , [2, .4, . 20] 3. , . : . :, =40, [2, .4, . 20] (22) = (27) = 42.=92 - , . : : 1,41,8 100 .5. 5.1. : : [3, .25, .277] ., v - ; [3, .28, .278]q, y, m - ; [3, .28, .278] - , ; [3, .30, .279]v - , ., v - ; [3, .1, .261], - ; [3, .2, .262]nv - ; [3, .2, .262]v - ; [3, .6, .263]lv - . [3, .31, .280] ., - ; [3, .32, .281]q, y, - ; [3, .32, .281] - , ; [3, .9, .264] ., - ; [3, .32, .281]q, y, - ; [3, .32, .281]5.2. :. , : ., v - ; [3, .29, .279]q, y, m, - ; [3, .29, .279] - , ; [3, .30, .279]v - , . ., - ; [3, .32, .281]q, y, - ; [3, .32, .281] - , ; [3, .9, .264] ., - ; [3, .32, .281]q, y, - ; [3, .32, .281]5.3. n - , /. : - 6. , , . 7. :, l=6,35 - ;l=1,44 - ;l=1,5 - ;l=1,7d=38,71 - ;l1=52 - . () :, l=30 - () ;l=14 - , ;l=1,7d=46. 2.2 - 8. , . . : :9. , . ., =6,42 - , [2, .5, .23] - ,J2min=0,0039D4 - . : - , k=1 - .10. , , : :, =0,1 - ( );=126`16`` - ; =5` - .. . d12 - . : [4, .6.21., .189]. 3 : 1: 19,922=0,05020;D = 23,825; a = 5; D1 = 24,1; d2 = 19,8;l3max = 94; b = 7,9; emax = 20; Rmax = 7. 2.3 - 25557 - 823. : - b-108292H1210D9, D = 9212 (+0,35) ; d = 8214 (+0,87) ; n = 10; b = 10D9 ; - ,f = 0,50,3 - ,L = 100 - (),Ra=2,5 - , - 20, 146-207. , . , , .. , . - : , , . 3.1 - - I. [5, .2, .10] - 65. [5, .3, .11]1. , ., d., , bmax - , ;b - (0,005-0,01). 3.2 - 2. . . 40 - 40. 1525 . D . 3.1 - D,D1,D2,l1,l2`,l3`,C, -, 2 , , , 65 [] =400 45 [] =30075627412525381230181207200588600 3.3 - 3. . t , [5, .6, .14]. 11. , , min . 12 20. [5, .6, .14] 3.2 - t, B, R, h, r, F, 2F, 2122061494,563,5898217228 3.4 - =3 - . : Sz 0,01 Sz=0,3. - Sz=0,21. . 3.3 - , , , f 2034----- 2-----10,20,3 3.5 - : , , , . , , , , 0,02 - 0,04. , : - z=2, - z=2.4. ( )., , - ; [5, .9, .17]K, K, K - , , ( ) () ; 5, .10, .18]zmax - .z - . 7340 : [5, .7, .15] , - 400000, , - 2000, , - 180, , - 500, , / - 1,56,8. 3-.) , ( ).=588600 - .3.1;) , ., D=Do - h - , ;[] - - .3.1) ., Q - , ;k=0,9 - ., =360000 - . : h [] > h ( [5, .6, .14]).5. 1) ) :, d=Do+2f+ (0,3-0,4) =83,3 - ; Sz=Sz=0,21. 3.6 - ) :, d= d - , . Sz=0,21. : [5, .12, . 20] - Sz=0,12 - 0,15=0,15. - =0,56 - 0,66=0,6. - . - 2. : [5, .12, . 20] - z=2. - Sz=0,02. - 2. - =0,08. - z=3. [5, .6, .14]. 3.4 - t, B, R, h, r, F, 2F, 29144,010,06,03,028,545155,0 3.7 - 2) 3) : :4) : :6. 1) : ( ): ( ): : .. . L/D=100/921,5, : D4=Do=82f7. D7 f7. D7=D=82f7. : : : : :2) : b6 , R . 3Sz. . , . . : - 1=11,5: 23 . 7943-78. , , . . .. - .: , 1969, .251. " " .: .. , .. , - : , 1991. - 39 . .2/ ... .. . - .: , 1985, 496 . / .. , .. , .. .; . . .. . - .: , . -, 1987, - 846 . / . .. . - : , 1986. - 32 . . .. .: , 1984 - 272 .