(KOSHANET) 2003-18 2003/07/11 : : 2003-18 : 2003 07 11 : .hwp : 5 1 51() , . 1 , . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. () 9. 1 . 1. 2. 3. 52( ) . 1. "" , . 2. "" ( ) . 3. "" , , . 4. "" , , . 5. "" (, , ) , , . 6. "" , . 7. "" . 8. "()" , . 9. "" 1 8 , . 10. "" . 11. "" . 12. "" 10 11 , . 13. "" , . 14. "" . 15. "" . 16. "" . 17. " " . . , . 18. "" . 19. " " . 20. "" . 21. "" . 22. "" 1 12 1 . 23. "" , , . 24. "" . 25. " " . 26. " " . , . 27. "" , . 28. "" , , . 29. "" . 30. "" , . 31. " " , .( ) 32. " " .( "" ) 33. "" . 34. "(IA)" , 1 . 35. "(IA/IN)" IA IN . 36. "(tE)" IA . 37. "(Ith)" 1 . 38. " (Idyn)" . 39. "" . 40. "" . 41. "" .( "" .) 42. "" .( "" .) 43. "" . ( "" .) 44. " " . 45. " " . 46. "" , . 47. " " , . 48. "" . 49. "" . 50. "" .( " " . ("" ) ("" ) . 51. " " . 52. "" , . 53. "" . 54. " " , . 55. " " . 56. "()" . 57. "" , . 58. " " . 59. "(enclosed break device)" , . 60. "" . 61. " " , , . 62. "" . 63. " " , . 64. "" . 65. "" , , () . 66. " " . 67. " " . 68. "(embedding)" . 69. "(poting)" . 70. "(Ex component)" , . 71. " Um" () . 72. "" () . 73. " " . 74. " : In" IEC 127-1 . 2 1 53( ) , . 1. , . 2. , (A, B C) A, B C . 3. 1 2 . . 5-1 A, B C . (mm) 0.9 A 0.5 0.9 B 0.5 C . 5-2 A, B C . 0.8 A 0.45 0.8 B 0.45 C : (methane) . . 1 2 . . (1) (3) . (1) 0.5mm 0.55mm (2) 0.8 0.9 (3) 0.45 0.5 . 2 . . 11kV . , 2() 1() 542, 552, 562, 57, 58, 64, 66, 67. 69 2, 71, 77, 78 . . 16A 1,000V 1,000VA , , , , , , . 4. 5-3 T1T6 . () 300 450 T1 200 300 T2 135 200 T3 100 135 T4 85 100 T5 85 T6 5. 2 4 .54( ) . 1. -20+40 . , . 2. . . 5-3 . . , . . . . 10 , 5-3 . . T1, T2 T3 50 T4, T5 T6 2555() 2 . . A 0.2mJ B 0.06mJ C 0.02mJ56( ) . 1. . 74 . 2. , , . . (insert) . . . . .57() . 1. . . . . . . , , . 2. 2 .58( ) .59( ) 72 .60( ) , , . 20 ( 120) , .61 ( ) , .62() . 1. . 2. 1 . , . 3. 2 . 4. . 5. . , .63( ) . 1. . , . 2. . 3. 2 . 4. 2 .64 ( ) . 1. , , ( ) . 2. , . 3. 77 78 . , . 4. . . 5. 90 1/4 . 6. . . . . 7. . , . 8. 70, 80 .65() . 1. . . ( ) 3 ( ) IP20, IP10 . . . 2. , , . 3. . . 1/100 ( 1mm) . 5mm 5mm, 1mm . . . 4. 50m/sec 27 1G .66() . 1. . 2. . 3. . . 4. , . . . . . , . IP20 .67( ) . , .68() . 1. . . 2. . 3. , IP43 1 2 .69() . 1. , . . 2. , .70( ) . 1. . 2. , 150N . , (sheath) .71( ) . 1. . . 5-4 . E (joule) 2 (1) 1 (0.5) 4 (2) 2 (1) 7 (3.5) 4 (2) ( ) : 1. E (J) 792 X . 2. ( ) . . 5-5 25 M h . , R100( 232 4555% ) . E (joule) m(kg) h(m)0.5 0.25 0.2 1 0.4 2 0.8 3.5 1.0 0.35 4 0.4 7 0.7 E : h = --- g=10m/sec . m X g . . 5-5 . . 3 1 1 2 . . . 2510 . , 10 ( 50) -253 . . , -53 . . . 2. . . 1m 4 . . . 2510 . , -253 . . .72() 5-6 . M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 (N. m) 2.0 3.2 5 10 16 25 50 85 130 73() . 1. . . . 90% 110% , . , 90% 110% . . . , . 2. . 3. . . 54 2 . . T1 T2 10, T3 T4 T5 T6 5 .74() . 1. , 90% 20 ( 80) 4 . 2. -303 24 .75() , 1 105 .76() 654 . 1. 150, 60 , . 2. 1001, 1, 100.5 2 . 3. 50010V 1 . 4. 1 .77( ) . 1. . . . . 20 (N) , . . 110% , 6 . . , 6 . 2. . . 1 1 2 . . . , .78( ) , . 1. . , 80 (N) , 2 . 2. .79( ) 12 . 1. 2 . 2. 1 , . . . : Ex . 5-7 d p e o ia ib n m q s . : , , A, B C . . . , () 541 . . . : . . . 3. . . 1 , . . 1 . 4. 2 , , , , . 5. 2 . . : Ex . : . . 2 80() . 1. 5-8 5-10 . , 2,000 92 5 . 2. L 5-1 5-11 . C L . " " . 5-5 L 5-10 . " " . 5-6 L , C 6 . d 5-10 L 1/2 f 1 . " " 3. 5-8 5-10 . A (mm) (V) V100 100V2,000 V2,000 (SPIGOT) L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 9.5 0.30 - - 9.5 L 12.5 0.30 - - 12.5 L 25 0.30 0.30 0.20 25 L 0.40 0.40 0.40 L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 12.5 0.30 - - 12.5 L 25 0.30 0.30 0.20 25 L 0.40 0.40 0.40 L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 12.5 0.30 - - 12.5 L 25 0.35 0.30 0.20 25 L 40 0.40 0.40 0.40 40 L 0.50 0.50 0.50 L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 12.5 0.45 - - 12.5 L 25 0.50 0.45 0.30 25 L 40 0.60 0.60 0.60 40 L 0.75 0.75 0.75 B ( : mm) (V) V100 100V2,000 V2,000 (SPIGOT) L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 9.5 0.20 - - 9.5 L 12.5 0.20 - - 12.5 L 25 0.20 0.20 0.15 25 L 0.20 0.20 0.20 L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 12.5 0.20 - - 12.5 L 25 0.20 0.20 0.15 25 L 0.20 0.20 0.20 L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 12.5 0.20 - - 12.5 L 25 0.25 0.20 0.15 25 L 40 0.30 0.25 0.20 40 L 0.40 0.30 0.25 L : 6 12.5 12.5 : 6 L 12.5 0.30 - - 12.5 L 25 0.40 0.30 0.20 25 L 40 0.45 0.40 0.30 40 L 0.60 0.45 0.40 C ( : mm) (V) V100 100V 500V V2,000 500 2,000 () L : 6 9.5 - - : 6 L 9.5 0.10 - - - 9.5 L 15.8 0.10 0.10 - - 15.8 L 25 0.10 0.10 0.04 - 25 L 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.04 L (SPIGOT) L : 6 6 12.5 25 : 6 L 12.5 0.10 0.10 - - 12.5 L 25 0.15 0.15 0.15 - 25 L 40 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 40 L 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 L L : 12.5 12.5 12.5 25 : 12.5 L 25 0.15 0.15 0.15 - 25 L 40 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 40 L 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 L : 6 9.5 12.5 25 : 6 L 9.5 0.10 - - - 9.5 L 12.5 0.10 0.10 - - 12.5 L 25 0.15 0.15 0.15 - 25 L 40 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 40 L 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 L : 6 9.5 12.5 25 : 6 L 9.5 0.15 - - - 9.5 L 12.5 0.15 0.15 - - 12.5 L 25 0.25 0.25 0.25 - 25 L 40 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 40 L 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 . 4. . . 5-1 5-3 5-7 L 5-11 . " " (mm) () L 12.5 6 12.5 L 25 8 25 L 9 . (1) (3) . (1) 5-1 5-3 . (2) 5-2 . (3) (spigot) 5-7 f i () () . () f 1 i A 0.2 B 0.15 C 0.1 X Z . () () Z . 5. . . KS B 0161 6.3 . . .81() . 1. 0.7 . 2. , . 3. 5 . 4. 100 5 , 100 8 .82( ) ( ) . 1. 5-8 5-11 . 2. . " " 83( ) . 1. 60 . 2. 100 6, 100 10 .84() . 1. 5-8 5-10 ( 25 25) . 2. .85( ) . 1. (plain) ( 12) 2. (labyrinth) ( 13) 3. (floating) ( 14) " " (plain) (labyrinth) (floating) (plain) " " . 1. ( 25 25) . 2. (plain) (labyrinth) , . , (floating) . 3. C . . (plain) K ( 15) A B 0.075, C 0.05 . 12 (plain) . (labyrinth) (labyrinth) 5-8 5-10 . , 93 .86() . 1. 2. . . . . . . , .87( ) . 1. . 2. 93 . 3. .88() . 1. . 2. . , 1/3( 3) . 3. , . 4. , , . 5. ( 6) . 4 .89( ) . 1. 92 5-8 5-10 . 2. 2 1 , . 3. 2 .90( ) . 1. (X) : 2. (Y) : (X) . 1. 3 . 2. 80 82 . 3. , . 4. 1 2 . (Y) . 1. 5-8 5-10 L . 2. 3m . 3. .91() 54 2 .92() 1 2 . . , . 1. . . 5-12 , . . . . (1) , . (2) . . (3) . A 4.60.3 % 3 B 80.5 % 3 C 311 % 5 141 % 5 311 % 5 141 % : 1. . 2. B 80.5 % 5 -( 85/15) 241 % 5 . 2. . , . 5-8 5-10 . . . (1) 1 1.5( 350kPa) . . (2) (1) 1 5 1.5 , . (3) A B 1, C 3 . . . (1) 1 1.5 ( 350kPa) . (2) (1) 1 A B 1,000kPa, C 1,500kPa . (3) 10 1 1 .93() . A, B . 1. , . 2. . A : 550.5 % B : 370.5 % 3. 5 . C 1 2 3 . 1. 5-13 . IIC C 272 % 5 7.51 % 272 % 5 7.51 % 5 2. 1() . (1) . , iE 0.1 . 1 iE = iC + ---iT 2 iE : iC : iT : 5-10 (2) 2/3 . , . (3) 3. 2() . (1) iE . 0.8 iC iE iC iT (2) . (3) 1.5 . . 3 94( ) ( ) IP4X . 1 3 .95(, ) , .96(, ) , . 1. 1.5 ( 0.2kPa) . 2. , , .97( ) . 1. 1 . , , . . 2. , .98( ) , .99( ) 0.05kPa .100( ) . 1. . , . 2. . , . 3. 40 . , 40 , . 4. . .101() , . 1. . . . !, . . . (1) , 5 . , 5 . (2) . 2. . , . 3. ( ) .102() . 1. . . .( ) . . . 2 . 2. 1 . . , , . . 101 1 (101 1 (2) ) . . , . . , , . ! .103( ) . 1. ! . , ! . . 2. , , . , . . . . ( ) . . . 3. . .104( ) 542 .105( ) . 1. , 541 . 2. , , . , .106() . 1. . 2. . . , , , , , , . . , (), . . , . . . 3. ( ) .107(, ) , 961 .108( ) 12 . 1. 2. 3. 4. 4 109( ) . 1. IP54 . 2. IP44 . 1 3 .110() 5-14 . 10kV . , 10kV . , " ." . (V) (mm) V = 15 1.6 15 V 30 2 30 V 60 3 60 V 275 5 275 V 420 6 420 V 550 8 550 V 750 10 750 V 1100 14 1100 V 3300 36 3300 V 6600 60 6600 V 11000 100 111() (tracking) . 1. (tracking) 5-15 a, b, c d 4 . , . 4 . (TRACKING) (V) a - 600 100 b 500 500 50 c 375 375 50 d 175 175 50 2. 5-16 . (V) () a b c d V 15 2 2 2 2 15 V 30 3 3 3 3 30 V 60 3 4 5 6 60 V 275 6 8 10 12 275 V 420 8 10 12 15 420 V 550 10 12 15 18 550 V 750 12 16 20 25 750 V 1100 20 25 30 36 1100 V 3300 45 60 75 90 3300 V 6600 85 110 135 160 6600 V 11000 125 150 180 240 3. 110 . 4. . . 3 , ( 1) . 3 5. 5-16 5-20 . , 5-20 . "" "" "" "" "" : 1. f . ( : ) 2. * ( 1) . ""112() . 1. 20 ( 80) . 2. (tracking) , (tracking) . 3. .113( ) . 1. . , 2 . 2. . . 3. . 4. 2 . 5. 0.25 . , , .114( ) . 1. , . 2. 4 .115( ) . 1. 2. 3. 4. , . 5. 6. 116() . 1. , 542 . , . 2. . . . . , . 3. 5-17 . , 1 , . 4. . , ( ) 3 . () A E B F H R 90 105 110 130 155 T 80 95 100 115 135 R 50 65 70 90 115 ( 40 )T 40 55 60 75 95 R 160 175 185 210 235 R 120 135 145 170 195 ( 40 ) R , T . .117() . 1. 109 ( ) IP20 . 2. 5-18 . 5-18 1.5 . D (mm) D 75 75 D 750 D 750 2 0.25 D - 75 2.7 0.25 + 300 4 0.2 D - 75 1.7 0.2 + 500 6 0.2 D - 75 1.2 0.2 + 800 : 1. . 2. . 3. L D 1.75 L/1.75D . 3. . . 300 . , 116 . 4. ( ) , tE IA/IN , . 5. tE . , tE , 5-21 . 5 . " " IA / IN tE 118() . 1. 109 , IP22 . 2. . 3. . , , , .119() . 1. . . . . (mixed light) . 10 2. 250V 110 , 3 . 3. a 250V 1112 , 3 . 4. , . 5. . . 5 . , 2 . . P 5-19 . P(W) () P 60 3 60 P 100 5 100 P 200 10 200 P 500 20 500 P 30 6. 2 . 7. . 8. 110 , 50 . 9. (rim) 195 . , 116 .120( ) . 1. 3 . 2. . , 500 .121( ) . 1. 1.2 116 . 2. ( ) , 5-20 . 3. Ith 116 200 . 4. Ith Idyn 2 1 1 Ith Idyn 2 . 5. . Ith 50IN 100IN Idyn 1.3125IN 1.3250IN : 1. 123 * 2 . 2. Idyn 1.3 . Idyn/1.3 .122( ) IA/IN (tE) . 160kW tE 75 . . 1. . . , 160kW(1 75kW) . , . 2. . . . . 5 IA . . ( ) (time constant) . . . . , . , . 3. , . . I2R(Joule ) . , . . /t . ---- = ajb t j = , A/ a = (/(A/)S ( a0.0065) b = 0.85( ) 4. tE . . 116 . . tE . tE " " . tE . 5. ( ) .123( ) . 1. 2 , Ith 1 . . 2. . 2 0.01 .124( ) 30 . 1. 2. (IA/IN) (tE) 3. (Ith) (Idyn) 4. 5. 5 125( ) , . , .126() 131 , 127 .127() . 1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. , .128() ( ) 541 . 115 .129() . 1. ( 25) . 2. .130() . 1. 1kV . , . 2. .131() . 1. . 2. 5 , .132( ) 75% .133() .134() , . 1. 127 . 2. 22-25% . 3. . 6 135( ) . 1. ia ( "ia " ) . . ia ia , 1 2 . , . : 1.5 1 : 1.5 2 : 1.0 . , , . 2. ib ( "ib " ) 1 . , . 1.0 ib , ib . : 1.5 1 : 1.5 1.0136() 542 .137( ) 534 T1 T4 , , 5-21 531 . (mm2) 0.017 0.03 0.09 0.19 0.28 0.44 (A) 1.0 1.65 3.3 5.0 6.6 8.3 138( ) . 1. , . 2. , .139( ) , , , , . , .140( ) IP20 . 1 3 .141( ) . 1. . . 50 1.5 50 . . ia 6 ib 3 . . , . 2. . , . 3. . , .142( ) . 1. 5-22 . 2. 5-22 5-22 1/3 1351 2 . 3. 5-22 1/3 . 4. 1 3 . 5. 1 4 . . 6. 5-22 (tracking) . (V) () () ia ib 60 3 90 90 3 90 4 90 90 4 190 8 300 175 6 375 10 300 175 6 550 15 300 175 6 750 18 300 175 8 1,000 25 300 175 10 1,300 36 300 175 14 : 1. 5-22 , . 2. 5-22 . , 20% . 5-22 . , 5-22 1/3( 1) . 5-22 1/3( 1) .143( ) . 1. . 2. , , , , , . 3. , , .144( ) . 1. 2 . , 500V . 2. 2 1000V . , 1500V .145( ) . 1. 1421 . . 2 . , 500V . . 1000V . , 1,500V . 2. 5-22 (8 8) . , . . . ib 2,000V ( 2,000V .)146( ) ( ) , 2/3 . , . , .147( ) . 1. . , . 2. 143 , .148( ) . 1. , , . 2. , . 3. . 4. .149() , 250V, 5A, 100VA . , . , 5-22 .150() 1 4 2 . , 1 4 3 , . 1. . 2. (2) . . 1 2 ( "" ) . 1 2 , ( "" ) 3. . , . 4. 5-23 . () 1 2 4( 2,500V) 2( 1,000V) 2 . 1. 2 . . 2. 2 , . . 1. 2 . 2. 1 2 2 , 2 1 (6 6) 1 2 2 1,000V () , 1 . , 2 . 3. 1 2 2 . . 11 . . . . 2 . , .151() () 150 . , 5-23 1 2 () 2 1,000V .152() , .153( ) .154( ) . 1. , 2 . , . 2. 1,000V .155( ) 2 . , .156( ) 2 ( ) ( "" ) ( "" ) ( " " ) . . . . 1. . 2. . . . . . . . . 3. 50 . 4. . 5. 2 . . 1. 153 1.5 . 2. 2/3 . 1.5 . , , 2/3 . 1.5 .157() 52 135 2 6 . . 1. ( 5-23) 250cm3 , . 2. 10 0.2, 11 4 . 3. 31 , 80 , 19.2 . 4. , , . . . 1. 2A 2. 300V 3. 1H " " 5-24 . , , . 5-24 . A 5.250.25 % B 7.8 0.5 % C 21 2 % . , . 1. . 2. 5-25 400 1 . (1) () () . () 95mH 24V () 24V ( 10H ) (2) 5-25 5-25 . A 0.1 A 1.0A B 0.065A 0.7A C 0.03 A 0.3A . 1. 1 2 , . 2. . 3. , 200 , 1,000 . 1.5 1.5 . , . 1. ( 1mH ) 1.5 , . 2. ( 1mH ) 1.5 . . 10% () 10% . . . . . . 3. 1.5 . .158() 135 . , 542 .159() , 5-26 60Hz 1 . , 10 . , (1) (a) 2E01( 500V) (b) 2E21( 500V) (c) 2E22+1000V( 1500V) (d) (optical fiber) 1.5E23+1000V (2) (a) 2E01( 500V) (b) 2E11+1000V( 1500V) (c) ib 2000V (3) (a) () 1 2 4E3( 2500V) () 2E3( 1000V) 2E3+1000V( 2500V) () 2 (b) 2E4+1000V (c) () 2E24+1000V( 2500V) : () 2E24( 1000V) : (d) (photo coupler) 2E24+1000V( 2500V) 1. . E01 E11 E21 E22 E23 E24 E3 E4 2.(1) (b) 3.(2) (b) . 4.(2) (c) ib 160( ) 79 . , Ex , . 1. 79 Exia Exib (Ex ia ib ia ib) [ ] . 2. 79 X 3. 4. 7 161( ) . 1. 170 175 . 2. 170 175 3 542 .162( ) . 1. IP4X, IP2X . 2. IP54, IP44 . 1 ( ) , , , . , .163() 2( 500V) . 1 2Un+1,000V 1,500V 1 . ( Un .) 90V () 500V .164( ) , ( "" ) 5-27 . , 2Un+1,500V . , Un (mm) (mm) (V) 500 250 175 125 12 15 0.13 0.3 0.4 1 1 1 1 30 36 0.26 0.3 0.8 1 1 1 1 60 75 0.43 0.43 1.3 1 1.3 1.3 1.3 130 160 0.66 1.0 2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.5 250 300 0.66 1.7 2 2.3 2.8 3.4 4.0 380 500 0.73 2.6 2.8 3.7 4.3 5.1 6.2 500 600 0.9 3.0 3.4 4.4 5.1 6.0 7.1 660 900 1.1 4.4 5.0 6.5 7.5 9.0 11.0 1000 1200 1.7 5.8 6.8 8.6 10.0 12.0 14.0 3000 - - - 23.0 28.0 35.0 42.0 60.0 6000 - - - 45.0 55.0 70.0 85.0 - 10000 - - - 75.0 80.0 100.0 - - 1. . 2. 5-27 . 3. 5-27 10% . 4. 0.4 . 5. .165() . , . , , , . , , , , 1/100 5 . , 1 . 352 , 352 1/2 ( 352) , . , . IP54 , IP44 .166( ) . 1. 4,000A 1 2. IP64 6A, 250V (single) 3. , 4,000A, 6A, 250V 1 . ! . , .167( ) , , 15N . . . 3 "! " .168( ) , . . . ( ) , , , . . . . . , . . , .169( ) , 5-27 . , 53 170 175 . 1. IP54 162 2. 60V 75V 170( ) 53 . (171 ) (171 ) (172 ) (173 ) (174 ) (175 )171( ) 660V, 15A . 250V, 15A , . . 1. 20cm3 . 2. . 3. 20 . 4. . . 1. 2 3 . 2. 96 702 2,100kPa5% . 3. 802, 7 . . 1. . A : 6.50.5% / B : 282.0% / C : 1.5bar 282% / 341.0% , 171.0% , 2. , , , 3 ( "" ). . 3. 6 6,000 1 50 . 3 . 4. , .172( ) . .173() 100cm3 , . , . 20 . 5 . 1. ( ) 702, 2100kPa5% 96 , 802 7 . 2. 1 . . 252 502 251 1 . . 753 16kPa5% . . 100kPa 10 .174( ) . 1. . , , . 2. . A : 5.250.25% / B : 7.80.5% / C : 212% / , . 3. 4 0.095H 24V 10H 24V . A 100 mA 125 mA 1.0A 2.75 A B 65 mA 100 mA 0.7A 2.0 A C 30 mA 52 mA 0.3A 1.65 A 400 1 . 4. 200 , 1,000 . 5. . (shunt) . . . .175( ) . 1. . 20 , 1714 . 2. 4 71 . 3. 10 . , . 4. . . 1. . . 25% . . 25% 12.5% 80 . . . 2. . . 500Pa 400Pa 200Pa 80 1 . . . . 10 , . 3. 400Pa (net volume) () 0.125 . 2 . 1. 20 , . 2. .176( ) 12 79 . 1. . nA : . nC : . nR : 2. -20 40 8 177( ) . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 178( ) . 76 1G , . , . . 1. (void) . , , 100cm3 . 2. 3 . , 1cm3 1 . 3. , 6A . 4. 1 . 4000A . , , . 180 . 1. 2/3 . . . . 2. 2/3 . . . . , . 1. (U) 1,000V 2. 76 1.5Un , . 1. 0.25 2. . .179( ) 3 . , 2cm2 1 , 71 189 . 1 . , . 1. 0.2 . 2. 5 . 3. 1 . 1 . , 1 1 . 3 111 .180( ) 5-29 1784 . , . (V) (mm) 380 1 500 1.5 660 2 1000 2.5 1500 4 3000 7 6000 12 10000 20 1. 10% .181() , 3 . 1784 5 . 2 .182() 5 . 193 .183( ) .184( ) , (etching) , . 192 .185( ) , ( "" ) . . , , . . . 195 .186( ) , . 60V . , 195 .187( ) . 1. : 1 2. : 2188() . (1) (2) (2) :50mm (2) : 4mm :50mm(2) (1) : 4mm (2) (1) 1 : , . 2 : .189( ) . 1. 502, 40.2 . 2. 302 . 3. 4000V, 60Hz . 4. 5 . 5. .190() . . 1. 502, 40.2 . 2. 232 24 . 3. . 4. 3 1% . .191( ) 181 1785 . 1. Un10% 24 . 2. . 1 2K/h .192() ( 5-24 ) 1. . 2. 212 . 3. 102 2 90% 110% . , . . . 4. 3 2 1 . 5. 4 . 6. 2 . 7. 52 2 3 . 8. 7 2 30 . 9. 52 . 10. 6 9 3 . "" 1 . 1. , , , . 2. .193( ) . 1. () 20 (kg) 50 1 . 2. 1 .194() . 1. 2. 3. , 3 . . 1. 90V 500V, 60Hz . 2. 90V 2Un+1000V( 1500V) . Un 1 1 , 1 2 3 . 3. . . 1. 10 . 2. 60 . 3. .195( ) . 1. Tamax 2 1 . . 1 (m) . . 1.7 . 2. 158 . 3. 181 . 4. 1922 . 194 .196( ) 11 79 . 1. : , 2. : 3. (1784 ) 9 197( ) . 1. , ( "" ) 71 207 . 2. 21 207 . . 1. IP54 . 2. IP55 , IP54 . 3. IP43 , 79 () . 4. 21 IP54 . 5. 0.1 , . 0.9 . . 1. . 2. . . 1. , , (cemented joints), , . 2. .198() , , . 1. 2. 3. . 1. . 2. . . : 1 . : 0.5 1 2 . 209 .199() . 1. , , . 2. 1 3 . () () (V) 275 5 275 420 6 420 550 8 550 750 10 750 1000 14 1000 3000 36 3000 6000 60 6000 10000 100 3. 204 () , 1000V 10 1000V . . 1. 33 5-30 . 2. 1 3 . 3. 303 . 4. . 5. 204 , . 1 2 512 .200( ) 199 .201( ) 1972 , 1974 . 1972 21 .202() 20J . , .203() , 5 44 .204() . 1. 2. 3. 4. . . (Um) . . 1. 2/3 . . . 2. 2/3 . . . 3. (U) 1000V 1.5(1.5U) , . 4. , . 5-311 . 5-31 , . ( ) . 5-31 . 1. . 2. . 3. 2 . 4. (brushing) 1 . 5. (soldering) 2 1 . . 5-31 . (V) ()(IRC) ()() 10 1.5 - 0.6 1.5 30 2 100 0.7 1.5 60 3 100 1 1.5 90 4 100 1.3 2 190 8 175 2.6 3 375 10 175 3.3 3 550 15 175 5 3 750 18 175 6 5 1000 25 175 8.3 5 1300 36 175 12 10 1575 49 175 13.3 10 1575V . 10V .205( ) , . , . 60V .206() 250V 1500A . 20441 . 1. 1.51.7In (In: ) 2. Um 3. 1.5(1.7In)2 207( ) 0.5bar(50,000Pa) 605 SEC 0.5 . , , 8 15bar(1.5MPa) 605 . .208( ) 3 207 . .209( ) 1973 . 1. 5-25 10 . 2. 232 , 4555%RH 24 . 3. 1000V5 . 4. 10-6A . .210() (In) 1.7 .211( ) 12 . 1. "! . ". 2. 3. . 315mA 4. (1500A). 35A" " " 10 212() ( ) , , , , , . , .213( ) , , , . 3 1 214( ) . 1. . , , . 2. , , , . , .215() . 1. 40 . 2. 5-32 . () 11 175 150 12 120 105 13 80 70 : , . 3. ( ) . 4. 40 . . 5. , . 6. , , . . 7. .216( ) . 1. 1-2 . , , . 2. , , .217( ) .218() , . 1. . 2. . 3. , .219( ) , (, ), ( ), . , .220( ) , . , .221( ) 2 , 170 . , 2 1 , , .222() . , . 1. . , . 2. . 3. . 4. E () .223( ) 12 5-33 . SDP DP XDP 1111 1212 1313 1. . , . 2. , . 3. . 2 224( ) . 1. . 2. 5-32 .225( ) . 1. 5-34 . 18 S (mm) 15 () (mm) 5 : () 5-26 . , . "" 2. , 0.075 1/2 . 5-34 . 3. . . 1. . 2. , . 3. 5-35 . , . 30cm30cm50cm 50cm () 5 8 10 () 3 3 3 226( ) . , 225 . 1. , . 2. 5-27 O . 3. 10 . O . (a) (b) " " 5-28 . 1. , . 2. . 3. 0.2, 20 . " "227( ) , , . , . 1. 5-29 . , , . " " 2. .228() 5 , , . , , .229() 225 1, 2 . , .230() . . 1. KS L 2002 . 2. 95g 100cm . 3. . 4. 225 2 .231() 200(mesh) 1m3 2kg 200H2O(1,961Pa) . , . . 100 2 , 2 . . 100 2 , . , 8 . , .232() . 1. 5 , , , , , 215 2 . 2. . 3. . 4. .233() . 1. , , 5-36 , . (g) (cm) 95( 28.6mm)100 50( 23.0mm)100 200( 36.5mm)200 150( 33.3mm)100 95( 28.6mm)100 2. 1 , , . 3. R100( 232 4555% ) .234() , , 150cm 5cm 3 , . , .235() 15kgf (147N) .236() . 1. , , 20 , . 2. 3 . 3 237( ) . 1. . 2. 5-32 .238( ) . 1. , 5-37 . 18 S 35 S (mm) 6 10 () (mm) 3 5 : () 5-26 . 2. , 0.075 1/2 . 238 . 3. . . 1. 223 2 1 . 2. 223 2 2 .239( ) . 1. 35S 5-38 . , . (mm)15 25 (mm) 0.100.20 2. . . 224 1 1 . . 5-30 , . "" 3. 5-28 . . 224 2 1 . . 226 2 2 .240( ) , , . 1. (labyrinth) 5-39 . (labyrinth) () 0.25 0.4 0.5 () 12.5 25 45 , 5-31 . (labyrinth) " " 2. 227 1 . 3. 227 2 .241() 228 .242() 238 1 2 . , .243() . 1. 230 1 . 2. 230 2 .244() . 1. 231 1 . 2. , .245() 232 .246() 233 .247() . 1. 15kgf(147N) . 2. 450kgf (4,413N) ( 15kgf 300kgf (2,942N) .248() ( ) 10 2 180 , , 180 , 10 . 4 249() , , , . , .250( ) , , , .