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( ) 129-132
III ( ) 131-182
II 182-186
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( ) 265-342
I ( ) 342-364
III ( ) 364-379
- II ( ) 378-393
( ) 393-405
IV ( -) 405-408
IV ( -) 408-410
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V ( ) 434-446
I () 446-502
( ) 502-514
II ( ) 514-528
V ( ) 528-542
VI 542-557
III ( ) 557-560
I (, ) 575-600
I ( ) 600-619
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II (, ) 639-663
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II (, ) 668-718
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II (, ) 836-876
I (, ) 876-881
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II (, ) 888-923
II (, ) 923-937
II (, ) 937-954
I (, ) 954-958
III (, ) 958-961
II (, ) 961-994
III ( , ) + 1001
II (, ) + 1008
III ( ) 975-1014
I ( ) 1014-1027
IV ( ) 1027-1072
II ( ) 1072-1089
IV ( , "") 1089-1125
I ( ) 1125-1156
V ( ) + 1155
III ( ) 1156-1184
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IV (, ) 1215-1222
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VI ( , 1259 ) 1245-1293
VII ( -i) 1257-1270
II ("", -) 1271-1289
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II ( ) 1289-1292
VIII ( ) 1293-1311
III ( ) 1302-1308
VI ( ) 1311-1313
V ("" ) 1314-1346
IX ( V-) 1346-1360
V ( ) 1360-1393
VII ( ) 1393-1407
I ( ) 1407-1411
I ( ) 1412-1443
IV ( ) 1443-1446
VIII ( , 1476 ) 1446-1466
VI (II, , ) 1466-1478
II ( ) 1479-1505
X ( ) 1505-1525
IX ( ) 1525-1534
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Description of Georgia By Marco Polo
Near the Georgian border there is a spring from which gushes a
stream of oil in such abundance that a
hundred ships may load there at once.
This for burning oil is not good to eat but it is good for
burning and as a salve for men and camels
infected with itch or scab. Men come, from a long to fetch this
oil and in all theneighborhood no oil is
burnt but this. In Georgia there is the King who always bears
the name of David Malik, that is to say King
David. He is subject to the Tartars.
In former times all the kings of this country were born with the
sign of an eagle on the right shoulder.
The Georgians are a handsome race of daughty warriors, good
archers, and good fighters on the
battlefield. They are Christians and observe the rule of the
Greek church.They wear hair cropped in
clerical fashion.
This is the country through which Alexander could not pass when
he wanted to go to the north, because
the way is narrow and dangerous. On one side is the sea. On the
other are high mountains and forests
impassable on horseback. This narrow pass between the mountains
and the sea runs for more than four
leagues, so that a few men could hold against all comers. This
is why Alexander could not pass. And I
should le you know that Alexander had a tower and fortress built
here, so that the natives could not
sally out to attack him. This was called the Iron Gates It is
the place where Alexander Book relates that
-
he shut in the Tartars between two mountains. In fact they were
not Tartars, but people called
Comaniansand various other races besides, because there were no
Tartars at that time.
The country has villages and towns in plenty. Silk is produced
here in abundance , and silken fabrics and
cloth of gold woven here are the finest ever seen. There are
also the best goshawks in the world. There
are ample supplies of everything, and commerce and industry
flourish. The whole country is full of high
mountains and narrow passes which are easily defensible, so that
I can assure you that the Tartars have
never been able to achieve complete dominion over it. Among
these mountains are woods in which the
only trees are box-trees.
There is a monastery here called St. Leonards, notable for the
following miraculous occurrence. You
must know that there isa great lake formed of whater that issues
from a mountain just beside the
church of St. Leonard. And in this water no fish is found, big
or little, at any season of the year, except
that they begin to appear on the first day of Lent and continue
every day throughout Lent till
HolySaturday, that is the eve of Easter. During all this period
there are fish in plenty; best at every other
season there is not one to be found.
This country looks out over two seas. To the north lies the
Black Sea, to the east that called the sea of
Baku or the Ghel or Ghelan, which is some 2,800 miles in
circumference and is strictly speaking a lake,
because it is completely surrounded by mountains and land and
has no connection with the main sea
which lies in fact twelve days journey away. It contains many
inhabited islands, with fine cities built on
them. The inhabitants are refugees from the power of the Great
Tartar, when re rode as a conqueror
through the he kingdom or province of Persia, whose cities and
districts then had a system of
government by the commonalty; they sought refuge in these
islands and among the mountains in the
hope of finding safety there
In this country is a fine city of great size named Tiflis,
surrounded by subordinate towns and townships.
The inhabitants are Christians (that is, Armenians and
Georgians) besides a few Saracens and Jews, but
not many. Silk and mony othr fabrics are woven here. The
inhabitants live by their industry and are
subject to the Great Khan of the Tartars.
You must know that we mention only the two or three principal
cities of each province. There are many
others which it would be tedious to enumerate, unless they are
remarkable for some special curiosity.
But some that we have omitted, which are situated in the places
above mentioned, will be dealt with
more fully below.
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