පටිසෝතගාමීව තිස් වසක් -චම්පික රණවකයන්

máfida;.dój;sia jila

mdG,S pïmsl rKjliajhx ,sÅ; pß;dmodkh

máfida;.dój;sia jila

m<uq uqøKh2009 fkdjeïn¾

ISBN wxlh978-955-98843-2-3

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackhksfrdaId mkdjekak

msgljr ksrudKh uqøKhksfhda .%e*slaia"

143" Wvyuq,a, ÿïßh mdr".xf.dvú," kqf.af.dv'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl uy;d .ek wid ;snqK;a Tyq ye¢k

weiqre lrkakg ,enqfKa Ndú; j¾I 2002 § muK wm cd;sl ix>

iïfï,kh wdrïN lsÍu;a iu.h' iïnqoaO Ydikh /l.ekSu i|yd

fn!oaOhska tluq;= lr ixúOdkh lr.ekSu i|yd jQ tlS cd;sl

fufyjf¾ § .syshka w;r" isá lemS fmfkkd pß;h jQfha Tyqh' ish

foaYmd,k pß; l;dj t<solajkakg ;SrKh lr we;s nj ud fj; Tyq

úiska" oekqï §fuka miq uq,§ ug ;rul l=l=ila we;súh' uka o pïmsl

uy;a;hd hehs wms wdorfhka y÷kajk fï mqoa.,hd fndfyda úg ish

cd;sl ld¾hhka yels;dla wm%lgju isÿl< ksidh' Tyq .ek f,dalhd

o;a m%udKh fuka lsysm .=Khl w;s uy;a cd;sl ld¾hNdrhla Tyqf.ka

bgq ù we;s w;r" we;eï oE ;ukaf.a ymkalï f,i fjk;a whg

fmkajkakg bv § ksy;udkSj n,d isg o we;'

ta ksid ish,a,kaf.a oek .ekSu msKsi ish foaYmd,k pß;dmodkh

,sùug Tyq .;a ;SrKh ksid Tyq ms<sn|j oek isá wmg muKla fkdj

f,djgu ta ms<sn| ;;= oek.kakg yelshdj fï lD;sfhka ,eî we;'

;j;a fndfyda f;dr;=re ld,h yriaùu ksid fyda fjk;a fya;= u;

bÈßm;a lr ke;s nj o lsj hq;=h'

pïmsl uy;df.a iqúfYaIS nj kï Tyq —f,dfjka tflla tl fohlg

fjhs iu;— kï m%ldYh fndre l< wfhla ùuhs' Tyqg fndfyda

lafIa;%j, fndfyda olaIlï úh' Tyq okakd fndfyda fofkla Tyqf.a

úh;anj" wêIaGdkh yd wruqKq i|yd

lemùu Tyqf.a kdhl;ajfha ryihs

.=Kdx. f,i i,lkafka w;s úYsIaG u;lh;a ksjerÈ ixLHd f,aLk"

o;a; iy lreKq iys;j ix.;j" nqoaêu;aj lreKq olajkafkl= f,ih'

kuq;a thg jvd b;d .eUqre ¥ro¾YS" od¾Yksl" úh;a" nqoaêu;a Ndjhla

Tyq i;=j we;'

pïmsl" fmr wmr foÈ. o¾Yk .=rel=, .ek fyd| wjfndaOhla

we;af;ls' f:rjd§ fn!oaO wkd;aujdofha;a" kd.¾cqkhkaf.a

Y=kH;djdofha;a" fâúâ yshqï wd§kaf.a ngysr wkqNdúljdoj,;a" kQ;k

úoHd m%jdoj, tk iiïNdù m%jdo .ek;a uekúka oek tajdfha fjki

meyeÈ,s lr.; yels meyeÈ,s lrÈh yels nqoaêuf;ls' tjeks od¾Yksl

mokula iys; ;j;a wfhla ,xldfõ m%isoaO foaYmd,kfha kshef,kjd

o hkak wmg kï ielhls' f,dalfha foaYmd,k o¾Yk jQ udlaiajdoh -

,snr,ajdoh fukau wd¾Ól o¾Yk jQ weveïia iañ;a" fâúâ ßld¾fvda

isg flakaia olajd o uE; ld,Sk wd¾Ól úoHd úoaj;=ka jQ fcdaYma

iaá.a,sÜia jekakjqka .ek o Tyqg we;af;a mqÿudldr oekquls' ta kj

oekqu Tyq wm iu. fnod yod.;a nj o fkdlsjukdh' .Ks;hg l=vdl,

isg Y+rfhl= jQ Tyq fï uyd oekqu o ish ysi u; iqmsß mß.Khl

wdldrhg .nvd lrf.k isákd nj o fkdlsjukdh' ´kEu iNdjl §

ix.; f,i" nqoaêu;a f,i b;d ms<sfj<g Tyqf.ka lreKq .,d tkafka

ta od¾Yksl ysi;a" oekqfï ms<sfj<;a ksidh'

fndfyda fofkla b;sydih iu. Ôj;a jqj;a b;sydih ks¾udKh lsÍug

yelshdj fkd,n;s' pïmsl rKjlg od¾Yksl ukila fukau ¥ro¾YS

kj is;=ú,s o úh' fndfyda ÿr is;d Tyq .;a we;eï Wmdh ud¾.hka

fndfyda fofkl=g jegfykafka fndfyda l,a .shdg miqjh'

md¾,sfïka;= l:dkdhl f;aÍfï ;r.fha § ^2004& Tyqf.a woyilg

wkqj l< Pkao ksfIaOh tjeks wmQ¾j wúysxidjd§ Wmdhls' tu.ska

úOdhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lr rg wjq,la lr ;%ia;jdohg

md¾,sfïka;=j wjq,a lsÍfï yelshdj o ksYal%Sh flreKq nj fndfyda

fokd oek.;af;a fndfyda mudùh' wfma NslaIQka jykafia,dg wjudk

wmjdo lrñka wdKavqj;a" we;eï mlaI;a uqody< —;%ia;jdoh˜ yuqfõ

Tyqf.a wêIaGdkh" wruqKq iy.; nj" ;sridr nj lemS fmkqfKah'

fn!oaO NslaIqjg wmydi wjudk t,a, lsÍug ;e;al< iEu úgu

fyf;u bkaøÇ,hla fia ke.S isáfhah' cd;sl fy< Wreufha wfma

foaYmd,khg uy kq. rella fia fijK ,enqfKa Tyqf.a wêIaGdkYS,S

lemùu ksidh' fndfyda fokd tfrysfj;a § ckdêm;sjrKh 2005g

Èke.ekSfï Wmdh ud¾.sl kshuqjd jQfha;a ckdêm;sjrKh —rdcHfha

talShNdjh— keue;s m%;sm;a;sh u; flreKq oajkaO ix.%duhla lr

f*vr,ajdoh újD; ìul § mrdch flrefK;a Tyqf.a ¥ro¾YS Wmdhka

ksid nj fkdlsjukdh' rgg wjYH fudfydf;a ksjerÈ kdhl;ajh -

w;s.re uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d - oskùug wm .;a ;SrKh miqmi isg

l%shd;aul lrjQfha;a Tyqh'

fndfyda nqoaêu;=ka ish is;=ú,s Ydia;%Sh f,aLkj,g iSud lr;s' pïmsl

rKjl nqoaêu;d ish is;=ú,s ish Ôú; wruqKq lrf.k tysu Ôj;a fjhs'

ta wruqKq idlaYd;a lr.ekSu i|yd miq fkdnei l%shdY,S fjhs' mqoa.,sl

Ôú;h mjd w;yer wruqKq ch.%yKh i|yd wiSñ;j lemfjhs' wka

whgo lemùfï wdo¾Yh fohs'

Tyq wK fokafkla fkdfõ' f;fïu ta wK l%shd;aul lr

fmkajkafkls' fndfyda fjkia foa l< kdhlhska foaYmd,k ìug

meñK we;af;a wkqkaf.a mlaI" wkqkaf.a o¾Yk u; l%shdlrñka miqj

tajdhska ì£ hEfuks' kuq;a pïmsl rKjl uq, isgu ;ukaf.a o¾Ykhla

u; msysáfhah' ;ukaf.au jQ foaYmd,khla lf<ah' ta wkqj rg fjkia

lf<ah' Tyq 1990 .Kkaj, fldá me/oúh hq;=h th l< yelsh lshkd

úg Tyq iu. tl`.jQfha iq¿ msßils' m%Odk foaYmd,k mlaI ;=ku tkï

hQ'tkaa'mSh" Y%S','ks'mh" cúfmh 1999 ckdêm;sjrKhg .sfha m%Ndlrka

hqoaOfhka me/oúh fkdyel" hqoaOh tmd lshdh' ish¨fokdu mdfya

rfÜ talSh jHjia:dj fjkia l< hq;= hehs o is;=fjdah' kuq;a pïmsl

rKjl tfia is;=fõ ke;s w;r" b;d olaI f,i cd;sl n,fõ.

wjq,jñka isxy, iudch fjkia lf<ah' foaYmd,k mlaIj,g fjkia

ùug n, lf<ah' Tyq fiiq kdhlhskaf.ka fjkia jkafka t;eksKs'

rg;a" cd;sh;a" úcd;sl n,fõ.j, uyd m%pdrl hqoaOhlska .,jdf.k

cd;sl foaYmd,khlg m%dfhda.slj f.k hkakg Tyq ÿka kdhl;ajh

iqúfYaIs jk w;r" ck;dj Tyqg lD;fõ§ o úh hq;=h'

pïmsl rKjlhkaf.a fkdief,k ;dÈ .=Kh o wNsfhda. Ndr .ekSug

oela jQ ks¾Nhlu o mqÿudldrh' 2000 jif¾ § yeä.,af,a úu,idr

ysñhka f*vr,a fhdackdj,shg tfrysj Èú leml< úg;a" 2005 §

ú,afma fidaNs; ysñhka iqkdñ iyk uKav,h u.ska m%Ndlrkag fjr<

;Srh mdjd§ug /yeksj .sh l<;a" fidau ysñhka wmj;a l<

wjia:dfõ§;a NslaIQkajykafia foaYmd,khg msúiSu i|yd 2004 §

ft;sydisl ;Skaÿjla .;aúg;a" Tyq ta wNsfhda. .sysfhl= f,i Ndr

.;af;ah' isxy, NslaIqjf.a wNsudkh /l§u i|yd cd;sl wruqKq

ch.ekSu i|yd Wmßu f,i lem jQfhah'

fmd;m; ,shk f,aLlfhl= ùu fl;rï wmyiq lreKlaoehs okafka

tajd ,shkakka muKs' iuyr ue;s weue;Ska m;fmd; ,shjd.kafka

wkqka ,jdh' pïmsl rKjl ta wre;ska .;al< mßmQ¾K f,aLlfhls'

Tyq ,shd we;s m;fmd; yd f,aLkj, kdu f,aLkh neÆúgu mqÿu isf;a'

o¾Ykh" cd;sl Wreuh" mßirjdoh" lDIsl¾uh" n,Yla;sh" kQ;k

úoHdj yd ;dlaIKh" ;%ia;jdoh yd cd;sl wdrlaIdj" wkd.; f,dalh

wd§ úúO ud;Dld Tiafia Tyq ,shd we;' ,shQ foa l%shd;aul lsÍug lemùu

Tyqf.a iqúfYaI;ajhkah' 1999 § ;%ia;jdoh uevmj;ajkakg cd;sl

ie,iqula ;ekQ Tyq 2009 § th id¾:l lr.kakg ckdêm;s uyskao

rdcmlaI fiakdêkdhl yd f.daGdNh rdcmlaI jeks fifkújrekg

ish Wmßu odhl;ajh ÿkafkah' jir 1990 § ;srir ixj¾Okh yß;

wd¾Ólh .ek ¥ro¾YSj ,shQ fmrjoka oYl follg miq mßir weue;s

f,i cd;sl cd;Hka;r f,dalfha ia:dms; lf<ah'

uyd ix>r;akfha wkqYdikdfjka weue;s moúh ,enQ od isg ish rdcldÍ

wl=rg bgqlr wfma .re;ajh;a" rfÜ .re;ajh;a /lÿkafkah' fndfyda

fokd cd;sl Okh ldndiskshd lr;a § ish wud;HdxYh ¥Ilhkaf.ka

¥IKfha msßjeh whlr ,dNodhS wud;HdxYhla lf<ah' ;ukag wh;a

ke;s li< l<ukdlrKh wd§ jevg o lr.id wdo¾Yhla ÿkafkah'

iqÿiqlug uq,a;ek ÿka" ¥IKh ke;s ld¾hlaIu" wdo¾Yu;a

wud;HdxYhla ;ekqfõh' wmj o uú; lrñka cd;Hka;r mßir

iuq¿j,§ o kdhl;ajhg m;aù f.da,Sh kdhlfhla jQfhah' .u ;=<;a"

rg ;=<;a" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh ;=<;a" ;u is;sú,s o¾Ykh

fkdj,yd tl f,i lSfõh' tjd l%shd;aul lsÍug lemúh'

pïmsl rKjl iu. fyd| l,dlrefjla o Ôj;a fjhs' fy;fu fyd|

Ñ;% Ys,amsfhls' fyd| .dhlfhls' fyd| .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amS woyia

we;af;ls' me/Ks mqrdúoHd jdia;= ks¾udKhkag w;sYhska wdorh

lrkafkls' iS.sßh yd ßá., jdia;= ks¾udK ixrlaIKhg Tyqg wh;a

ke;s j.lSula jqj;a thg Wrÿkafkah' wNh.sßh m%;sixialrKhg yd

W;=re yd kef.kysr ft;sydisl N+ñ wdl%uKslhkaf.ka fírd.ekSug

fkdmels,sj bÈßm;a jQfhah' ish foaYmd,k Èúh mjd mrÿjg ;nd l%shd

lf<ah'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl kduh .;al< mf,d,a Ydlh;a ^mdG,S& imq

^pïmsl& Ydlh;a wmg isyshg kef`.a' ta Ydl folu uyd jDlaIhka f,i"

w;S; nqÿjrhdKkag fijK ,ndÿka fndaëka fõ' mdG,S pïmsl kï

;reK jDlaIh isxy, NslaIq mrmqrg fijK ,ndÿka" ,ndfok jDlaIhls'

th uyd jDlaIhla ù rggu fijK ,ndfok jDlaI rdcfhla fõjd

hkakh wfma wjxl me;=uhsæ

—Wodr pß;d kdka ;= jiqffOj l=gqïnlx˜^fY%aIaG ñksiqkag uq¿ úYajhu ish mjq, yd iudkh&

mqrdúoHd pl%j¾;St,a,dj, fïOdkkao kdysñkdhl" cd;sl fy< Wreuh

máfida;.dój ;sia jila

wfma wdrlaIl yuqod 2009 uehs 18 od tla w`.,la kEr ish¨ ìï

;%ia;jdofhka uqod.ekSu;a iu. uq¿ rgu uy;a cd;sl m%y¾Yhlg

m;aúh' thska jeäfhkau i;=gq jQjka w;rg uu o tlaùñ' ;%ia;jdoh

mrdch l< hq;=h" mrdch l< yelsh hkak úYajdi l< ta wkqj l%shd l<

Ôú; lemùï l< w;f<diai w;rg tlaùfï wNsudkh o ta iu. úh'

;%ia;jdoh foi ksÍlaIlfhl= f,i n,d isá fndfyda msßia w;r" isá

udf.a yoj; oejqfKa 1985 uehs 14od ;%ia;jd§ka úiska" ch Y%S uydfndaêh

wi, isÿl< iuQy >d;kh ksidh' wms ldf.a;a fjk fjkia foaYmd,k

u;su;dka;r ;snqK o ta ish,a,g by<ska ;%ia;jdoh me/oùu ;nd.;

hq;=h hkak uf.a Ôú; wêIaGdkhla jQfha tf,ih' t;eka isg

fkdlvjd f.dvke`.=Kq fndfyda cd;sl jHdmdrj,g uf.a l%shdYS,S

iydh m<úh' cd;sl jHdmdrhka yd tys kdhlhska wruqKg lem fkdù

mgq mqoa.,sl yd foaYmd,ksl wruqKq yUdhk úg wmsu th ks¾udKh

lrkakg bÈßm;a jQfhuq' 1995 § ìys jQ cd;sl ix> iNdj;a" 1998 § ìys jQ

;%ia; úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrh;a kùk cd;sl jHdmdrfha uq,a.,a yd

;sôßf.h úh' isxy, ùr úoyk yd cd;sl taldnoaO iNdj tys ksï j<¨

jHdmdßl yd jD;a;Sh iudchka foig f.k .sfhah' wms ihsn¾

wjldYhg o msúi f,dj mqrd Ôj;a jQ foaYfm%aó msßia ixúOdkh

lrkakg jQfha oYlhlg;a tmsg§h'

wms f.dvk.kd cd;sl jHdmdrh ms<sn| m<uqj isÿjQfha ldf.a;a

fkdie,ls,a, we;sùuh' wms jeãhkq olskd úg Wmydi t,a, úh' miqj

tajd wmydi úh' bkamiq úfrdaO;d yd ndOd lsÍï o" pß; >d;k fukau

Ydßßl >d;k m%h;akhka o we;súh' ta ish,a, uev wfma uqLH wruqK

ia;=;sh

11

Ydlaid;a lr.kakg wms iu;a jQfhuq' ;%ia;jdofhka wfma uõìu uqod

.ekSu ms<sn|j w;s.re ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud yd wfma

rKúrejka fj; cd;sfha ish¨ f.!rj msßkeñh hq;=h' ta l%shdoduhg

wfma o lemùu tl;= lsÍug yelsùu Ôú;fha ,o uy;a Nd.Hhlafldg

i,lñ'

;%ia;jdofhka wm ,o ksoyi ksid w;S; u;lhka wjÈùu isÿúh' uf.a

Ôú;fha foaYmd,k ld¾hhka ixlaIsma; f,i ,shd ;eîfï wjYH;djh

ms<sn|j ñ;%hskaf.ka ,enqKq WmfoaYhka o jeo.;a úh' ta fï l=vd

lD;sfha uQ,drïNh úh'

fï rfÜ m<uq yß; foaYmd,k jHdmdrh jQ —ck;d ñ;=frda˜ ìyslr;a §

tlS foaYmd,kh wms ye¢kajQfha ujla fia ixh; jQ msfhla fia mßK; jQ"

;Km; o l;d lrkd" Èh oyr o is;sú,s ujkd" m%{dj frdo ne|.kakd

kjd;ek f,ih' miqld,Skj úúO foaYmd,k jHdmdrj, kshe¨k o tod

ta we;s jQ l=¿ÿ,a foaYmd,kfha yo.eiau È.gu mej;=fKah' nqÿrcdKka

jykafia foid jod< O¾uh yrfhka y÷kd.;a miq - wks;H" ÿlaL"

wkd;au ;%s,laIKh uf.a f,dal oelau njg m;aúh' mxpYS,h /lSu"

Ôú; iodpdrhla lsÍug W;aidy .;sñ' fY%aIaG Ndr; mq;%fhl=- jQ uy;aud

.dkaê m%ldY l< mßÈ m%;sm;a;shla ke;s foaYmd,kh" iodpdrhla ke;s

fj<|du" jev fkdlr Wmhk Okh" iqpß;j;a fkdjk wOHdmkh"

ñksi;a njla ke;s úoHdj" yDo idCIshla ke;s iem;" lemùula ke;s

weoys,a, hkd§ jQ iudc mdmhkaf.ka o .e,ùug l%sh lf<ñ' wkqka o

bka .,jd .ekSug W;aidy flrefjñ'

oeka wfma rg wdrlaIs; w;ska iqrlaIs; ù we;s ksid wmg wysñ jQ foa

kej; ,ndf.k" w¨;a foa ysñlrf.k wdishdfõ tlg" f,dalfha

uq;a;ekg m;aùug l%shd l< hq;=h' ta i|yd úh;a lemjqKq m%{djka;hska"

Ñka;lhska" ks¾udKYS,S ñksiqka uõìu b,a,d isákd fydardjhs wms miq

lrñka isákafka' ta i|yd fï rfÜ ;reK mrmqr ;=< ie`.j isákd

l=i<;d mQ¾K m%{d wxl=r mqnqÿjd,Su" úlis; lsÍu rfÜ uyd bÈß msïfï

uQ,sl wä;d,uhs'

uf.a Ôú;fha l=vdl, isg wo olajd buy;a fõokd orñka ud

/l.kakg lghq;= l< uf.a uEKshka yd mshdKka fuys § isysm;a lrñ'

12

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


tfukau uf.a wOHdmkh yd Ôú;h f.dvke`.Su i|yd lemùï l<

uf.a fidhqre fidhqßhka o isys lrñ' ÿIalr wjia:dj, § ug /ljrKh

ÿka uf.a ìß| yd uf.a Ôú;fha i;=g fidïki jvjd,ñka jefvkd

uf.a ÈhKshka fofokd o isyslrkafka j.lSï yßyeá bgq lsÍug

fkdyels jQ msfhl=f.a fõokdfjks'

foaYmd,k Ôú;fha § ljo;a ug .=reyrelï fok cd;sl fy< Wreufha

kdhl t,a,dj, fïOdkkao kdysñ" wdpd¾h ú,afma fidaNs; kdysñ"

fldgfmd< wurls;a;s kdysñ yd oYl follg wêl ld,hl foaYmd,k

ñ;=oula iys; w;=r,sfha r;k kdysñ f.!rjmQ¾jlj isys lrñ' tfukau

fï lD;sh ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia ,ndÿka wvqmdvq ieliQ" Woh

.ïukams," ksYdka; Y%S j¾Kisxy yd wkqreoaO m%§ma fidhqrka fj;

m%Kduh msßkuñ'

uf.a Ôú;h mqrd th od¾Ykslj" l%shdYS,Sj f.dvk`.kakg odhl jQ fï

ìfï my< jQ kï i|yka l< fkdyels ;j;a fidhqrka oyia .Kkla

lD;{mQ¾jlj isyslrñ''

b;sydih keue;s uyd m%jdyhg uqiq ù wkka; jQ ndOd ueo th ;rKh

lrkd w;f¾ úfgl ta uyd m%jdyhgu f.k hk f,ig uu bv ÿksñ'

;j;a úfgl ;j;a wh ,jd ta uyd m%jdyh fjkia lr,Sug lghq;=

lf<ñ' we;eï úg uuu bÈßm;a ù th fjkia lrÆfhñ' ishla .õÿr

f.ù .sfha tfiah' bÈß u. flfia fõ oehs wkdjels lsj fkdyels jqj;a

kj is;sú,s iy w;aoelSï b;sydifha m%jdyh ks¾udKh i|yd wjYH nj

fyd¢kau oek l%shd lrkafkñ'

13


;=re jÿ¨ ueÈka m<uq mshigyka 17

iriúh wr.,fhys Wr.,hs 33

uu is;ñ" ta ksid uu mj;sñ 55

cd;sl oeyekg iujeÿfKuq 73

idu w÷r ueo wreK¨ 95

uyskaod.ukh 129

wms Èkqï 153

mgqk

15


17

—wfma wïud <`. tkjd yd,a fiarE fol fokjd˜ lshñka ks,a

meye ye|.;a .eyekqka yd ñksiaiq fm<md<s .shy' —n;a ÿka mshd nqÿ

fõjd˜ lshñka fld<meye ye|.;a ñksiaiq fm<md<s .shy' ta uf.a

Ôú;fha ug u;l uq,au foaYmd,k ixisoaêhhs' 1970 uyd ue;sjrKhhs'

wm tl, Ôj;a jQfha l¿;r Èia;%slalfha bx.sßh m%foaYfhah' fi!LH

fiajlhska jQ uf.a uj;a" mshd;a bx.sßh frdayf,a fiajh l<y' miqj

mshd foaYSh wdodhï fomd¾;fïka;=jg ,smslrefjl= f,i tlaúh'

wfma mjqf,a orejka yhfofkl= úh' .eyekqka ;sfokhs' msßñka

;sfokhs' uu nd,hd ùñ' fï ksidu ug jeäuy,a fidhqre

fidhqßhkaf.ka tÈfkod lghq;= i|yd ukd iydhla ,eìKs' wm mdi,a

.sfha wm kej;S isá frday,a fiajl ksjdi wi, msysá bx.sßh

iqukfcda;s úÿy,ghs' WoEik mdi,a hEu i|yd nia úhoï f,i i;

myla ujf.ka ,o kuq;a th b;=relrf.k mhskau rn¾ j;= nvjeá

yryd mdi,a hEu jvd;au m%sh lf<ñ' mdi,g lsf,daógrhla muK ÿßka

l¿.`. .,d.sh w;r" >kj jevqKq ;=rehdhka iys; f;;aìï wjg

mßirh mqrd me;sÍ ;sìKs' fï ksid yels;dla ÿrg .iajeá" fm;aux wdÈh

m<uq È.yereu

;=re jÿ¨ ueÈka m<uq msh igyka

18

yryd mhskau .uka hEu uf.a Ôú;fha bkamiq Ôjk ffY,shla njg

m;aúh'

ud m<uq fY%aKsfha isáh§ tla Èkla uf.a fojeks wlald;a" whshd;a iu.

mdi,a hkúg ldls ye|.;a fmd,sia ks,OdÍyq wú /f.k mdfrka u;= ù

wmg wdmiq yeÍhk f,i lSfjdah' flfia fyda mdi,a hEug isá wmj ìh

joaod wdmiq yerùug Tjqyq l%shd l<y' l<n, jQ ñksiqka o tfy fufy

hñka isá w;r" —fÉ.=fõrd˜ldrhka fmd,Sishg myr §ug meñK

ñhf.dia we;s j.la jeä ysáhkaf.a l;dj,ska jd¾;d úh' thg

oYlhlg muK miq c'ú'fm idudðlhka r;= ye|f.k leg jHdmdrj,

kshef,kq olskd ;=re —fÉ.=fõrd˜ldrhska flfrys ud is; ;=< ;snqfKa

.=ma; w÷re ye`.Suls'

rcfha fiajlhskaf.a orejkag idudkHfhka isÿjk mßoafoka wfma

foudmshkag o udreùï ,efnkd úg ta iu.u wmg o .uka lrkakg

isÿúh' wmf.a B<Õ kjd;ek jQfha nq,;aisxy,h' uf.a uj nq,;aisxy,

frdayf,a fiajhg .shdh' uf.a mshdf.a Wmka.u jQfha nq,;aisxy,

fnda;f,a.uhs' wms tys iaÓr ksjila ;kdf.k mÈxÑ ùuq'

uf.a Ôú;fha ish¨ moku jegqfKa fnda;f,a.u .fï Ôú;fhks' wm

mdi,a .sfha l=Uqre hdhka ueÈks' .fï kef.kysr foiska jQfha wyi

isU.;a l÷jeá mka;shls' we;eï l÷jeá iodyß; f;;a jkdka;rj,ska

isxyrdchg iïnkaO ù ;snQ w;r" isßmd ysu ks,a meyefhka we;eï

WoEikl Èiaúh' ;j;a l÷jeá >k rn¾ j.djkaf.ka yd iS; Èhl÷re

iys; f;a j.djkaf.ka msÍ f.dia ;sìKs' .ug W;=ßka yd ngysßka l¿

.`. o thg c,h iemhQ l=vd w;=b;s .x.d /ila o .,d.sfha l=Uqrehdhka

ueÈlr.ksñks' ta w;r" ú,a¨ jeks ks;r .xj;=ßka hgfjk mka udkd yd

;Kfld<j,ska jeiS .sh idrj;a f;;aìï .Kkdjla o úh' .fï .j

rxpq fndfydaúg ,e`.=ï.;af;a tysh' wfma mjq,aj, whg úYd, óyrla

rxpq isáhy' f.dú;ekg Woõ jQfha ta i;=kah' úYd, fl;Aj;= hdhka

fukau m<;=re wdÈh msreKq l=vd le,Eo tug úh' l=Uqre flàu" ù

jemsÍu" f.dhï lemSu" f.dhï ueãu" ù fõ,Su" yd,a flàu wd§ ish¨

l%shdoduhka b;d blauKska wmg yqreúh' ta Èkj, meje;s wdydr w¾nqoh

ksid ^1973 - 1975& t<j¿" m,;=re jeùu i|yd ksr;=reju wms fhduq

jQfhuq' ks;ru f.dú;ek úêu;a lr.ekSfï kjl%u w;ayod ne,Sug o

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


19

wms fm<Uqfkuq' ù jemsÍu fjkqjg f.dhï me< isgqùu" lkak ;=kla

jefjkd ù m%fNao fhdod .ekSu" l=Uqrej, j,a fk<Su" c,h fh§u

l%uj;a lsÍu" f.dhï ueãug hka;% fhdod.ekSu wdÈhg wm fhduq jQfha

buy;a wdYajdofhks' wfma ksjfia isg lsf,daógrhla muK wE;ska jQ

l÷lr rn¾ j.dj ñY%s; ,ÿ le,hl t<j¿ j.djla wm úiska" mj;ajd

.kakd ,È' .,a.=yd" lvd yef<k fod< mdr yd l=vd jk isõmdjqka yd

l=re,a,kaf.ka msÍ.sh ta l=vd le,h" jkh yd jk Ôú;h ms<sn|

mqÿudldr wdorhla Ôú;hg we;=¿ lrkd ,È' ug u;l we;s ld,h mqrdu

lDIsl¾uh yd mßirh úIhkag iSfhka iSh ,efnkakg fï m%dfhda.sl

w;aoelSu bjy,a úh'

ug jeäuy,a fidhqre fidhqßka mia fofkla jQ w;r" wm w;r" jhia

mr;rh jir oyhla muK úh' fuh uf.a oekqu jhig jvd uqyql=rd

hEug n,mEfõh' udyg l=vdl, fydaäh mqyqKq lsÍug mkaif,a wfma

{d;s iajdñka jykafia W;aidy l< wjia:dfõ —w˜ hkak hehs lSug ug

wK l< úg isxy, fydaähu tl yqiaug uúiska m%ldY lr we;' ud uyd

m%{fhl= úh yelshehs úydrdêm;ska jykafia wfma ;d;a;dg lshd

we;af;a thska uú;hg m;aùfuks' kuq;a th t;rï uú;hg lreKla

fkdjkafka uf.a jeäuy,a ifydaorhska fydaäh lgmdvï lsÍu wid

isàfuka th uf.a u;lfha meje;Su ksid úh hq;=h'

jeäuy,a fidhqre fidhqßhka ksidu uu blaukgu jeäysáhkaf.a

m;fmd; lshjkakg ùñ' mfya YsIH;aj úNd.h jkúg uelS .sh ovux"

iqÿf.dakd" wU hy¿fjda" jro;a;" .ïfmr<sh jeks l;d fndfyduhla o

fidaúhÜ flál;d ix.%yhka o ud lshjd ;sìKs' ud YsIH;ajfha fojeks

úNd.hg rpkdjla fkdj ,sjQfha flá l;djls' ug u;l yeáhg

mßir jd¾;djla o iys;j uy jkh ueo ÿ¾,N U!IO fidhd .sh

;reKfhl=f.a .ukla thg mdol úh' tl, YsIH;aj úNd. folla úh'

m<uq úNd.h mqyqKq lghq;a;la jQ w;r" tys§ tlu ms<s;=rla muKla

je/È iy.; jQ wkaish,a,g ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ÿka isiqfjl= fidhd

mÍlaIl;=ud ̂ Tyq wmf.a {d;sfhls& wfma mdi,g meñKs w;r" ta isiqjd

uu úñ' miqj uf.a ÈhKsh YsIH;ajh i|yd Wkkaÿ lr,Sug ud lf<a fï

w;S; l;dj lshd flfia fyda ;d;a;df.a jd¾;dj ì| ouk f,i wehj

Wkkaÿ lr,Suh'

20

.Ks;hg uf.a ymkalula we;snj ug jegyqfKa ud ;=kajeks fY%aKsfha

isáh§h' ud uqyqK ÿka m<uq .Ks; m%Yak m;%hgu ug iSfhka iShla

ysñúh' idudkH fm<" Wiia fm< yd úYaj úoHd,h olajdu .Ks;h

iïnkaO úYsIaG;ajh ug ysñúh' miqj újD; úYaj úoHd,fha bxðfkare

mSGfha isiqkg Wf.kaùug wjia:djla ,oúg ud f;dard.;af;a bxðfkare

.Ks;hhs' .Ks;h yd cHdñ;sh b;sydih mqrd mßKduh jQ wdldrh miqj

yeoEßñ' tu`.ska ug Y=kHh" >Dk ixLHd iys; .Ks;h muKla fkdj

úp,Hhka" ùcuhY%s;" l,Kh" wd§ fndfyda foa wdishdfõ ks¾udK nj

meyeÈ,s úh' Y=kHh w;s úYsIaG fn!oaO od¾Ykslfhl= jQ kd.¾cqkf.a

ks¾udKhls' l,Kfha uQ,h .ek tx.,ka;fha ksõgka yd m%xYfha

,hsìkSia w;r" újdohla mj;sk kuqÿ ta fofokdu tlS oekqu

fÊiqhsÜjre wdishdfjka meyer.;a .Ks; oekqu fldms lsÍfuka ,nd.;a

nj miqj uf.a fidhdne,Sï j,ska fmkS .sfhah' uf.a m%sh;u úIhla jQ

cHdñ;sh ìyslf<a hqla,Sâ jqj;a Ndysl cHdñ;sh (Fractal Geometry)

kñka iajNdúl cHdñ;shla o we;s nj oek.;sñ' újD; úYaj úoHd,fha

isiqka i|yd Ndysl cHdñ;sh y÷kajdÿkafka ud úisks' ta w;f¾

bkaÈhdfõ kf¾kaø mQß úiska" ks¾udKh l< fõo .Ks;h (Vedic

Mathematics) yodrd ta ms<sn|j o mdvï ud,djla ilia lf<ñ'

isxy,hskaf.a cHdñ;sh yd .Ks;h ms<sn| .eUqre m¾fhaIKhla lsÍug

bgdf.k isá kuq;a" foaYmd,kh uf.a ld,h wjqrd isáfhah'

YsIH;aj úNd.h iu;aùfuka miq fydrK ;laIs,d úoHd,hg we;=¿

jQfhñ' uf.a mshd fld<U fldgqfõ foaYSh wdodhï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

fiajh l< ksid;a" Èkm;d tys fiajhg meñfKk ksid;a" fld<U

mdi,lg ud we;=¿ lsÍug we;euqkag wjYH úh' ;d;a;d iu. Èkla

fld<U meñK urodk wd§ m%foaYj, ;;a;ajh oelSfuka miq ug fld<U

tmd úh' wêl WKqiqu" jdyk ;onoh" ¥ú,s lvidmamq yd urodfka

tlf.dvg we;s l=vd ksjdi mka;s ug uy;a ms<sl=,la f.k wdfõh' ks,a

meye;s l÷ mka;shla mduq, msysgd ;snQ ;laIs,d úoHd,h .fï

iqkaor;ajfhka ñ§ ;snqfKa ke;' wog;a ;laIs,dj ,xldfõ ñY% mdi,a

j,ska m<uq;ek mj;sk w;r" th ug ;lai,djlau úh'

;laIs,dfõ § ug ,enqKq m<uq w;aoelSu ;rula wñysß úh' tl,

fi!kao¾h úIh i|yd Ñ;%" ix.S;h yd kegqï úIhka w;=ßka tlla

f;dard .ekSug úh' kegqï .=rejrhd jQfha frdayK neoaof.a uy;dh'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


21

t;=ud ta l,dfõ úYsIaGfhl= jQj;a ug ta l,dj msysgd ;snqfKa ke;'

B<Õg uu ix.S; mka;shg .sfhñ' ix.S;h i|yd ug wdidjla mej;=Kq

kuq;a ta .S; .dhkh i|yd muKs' ta ld,fha .S;hla lshkakehs lS úg ud

lshkafka neoaof.a f.a —uf.a r;a;rka fyf,akd— .S;hhs' jrla úoHd,

W;aijhl § lsisu msßñ <ufhl= .S; .dhkhg bÈßm;a fkdjQ úg ud

fõÈldjg ke`. wurfoajf.a —wvjka jQ fofk;ska˜ .S;h .ehQfjñ' wfma

úÿy,am;s jQ fjda,ag¾ is,ajd ue;s;=udf.a meiiqug uf.a .dhkh ,laúh'

kuq;a ug ix.S; NdKav jehSu fukau bka§h rd.OdÍ ix.S;h o

we,a¨fõ ke;' isxy, ix.S;fha fjki yd rih ud W.;af;a oYl

.Kklg miq ,hk,a rxj,f.a ix.S; ie|Ejla riú£fuka miqjh'

ix.S;h riú£ug muKla iSudùu .ek lk.dgqjla ug we;sjQfha todh'

ud f;dard.;af;a Ñ;% úIhhs' .=re;=ud wmg" zud ÿgq isyskhlaZ kñka

Ñ;%hla w¢kak hehs lSfõh' ta Èkj, Ñ;% f,i wm y÷kdf.k ;snqfKa

Ñ;% l;djkah' i;=g" is;a;r mqj;am;aj, ckm%sh Ñ;%l;djkays wdNdIh

wmg fkdwvqj ,eî ;sìKs' ud úiska" tod w¢k ,oafoa fy,sfldmagrhl

t,a,Shk ;reKhl=f.a o¾Ykhls' miqod tu Ñ;%h ne,Sfuka miq th

uf.a iajhx ks¾udKhla nj ms<s.ekSu wfma Ñ;% .=re;=ud m%;slafIam

lf<ah' Tyq lSfõ th jeäysáfhl=f.a Ñ;%hla njhs' wjYH kï oeka Tyq

bÈßmsg§u jqj th h<s we| fmkaúh yels hehs ÿlg m;a uu lSfjñ'

.=re;=ud uf.a wNsfhda.hg bv ÿkafkah' ud th ta f,iu we|

fmkajQfhñ' tod isg Tyq uf.a l=i,;d w.h lf<ah' foaYSh úfoaYSh Ñ;%

;r. i|yd wmj Wkkaÿ lf<ah' Ñ;% l;dj, wdNdIh ksid uf.a

ks¾udKYS,S;ajh fudg ù we;s nj Tyqf.a o uf.a o u;h úh' Ñ;% iy

cHdñ;shg ieuod ug by<u ,l=Kq ,eìKs' jdia;= úoHd{fhl= ùu

l,la uf.a wruqKla úh' fï ksidu uf.a m%sh;u l,d uOHia:dkh

jQfha iS.sßhhs' ud uq,skau cd;Hka;r m%o¾Ykhlg wekafoa iS.sßfha

Ñ;%hls' iS.sßfha f.dvke`.s,s ta ld,fha ;snqKq wdldrhg we£ug

lSmj;djla W;aidy lf<ñ' miqj cmka lKavdhula iS.sß

fl!;=ld.drh ks¾udKh lrkdúg tys f.dia uf.a woyi Tjqkg o

lSfjñ' Tjqka l< mß.Kl ks¾udKhla oeka tys m%o¾Ykh fõ' iS.sßfha

hlv ks¾udKh .ek o ug f,dl= Wkkaÿjla úh' ta ms<sn|j ,xldfõ yd

bkaÈhdfõ isÿl< m¾fhaIK lsysmúglau ksÍlaIKh lf<ñ' f,dalfha

uq,au hlv ksiaidrlhska f,i isxy,hskag ksis .re;ajhla ;ju;a ,eî

ke;s kuq;a th ,nd.ekSu wfma úoaj;=kf.a j.lSula fjhs' iS.sß

22

wNsryi ;ju;a ksis wdldrfhka fkdúi÷k o tys l,d ks¾udK" jdia;=

ks¾udK yd N+ ks¾udK uf.a Ôú;fha fjkal< fkdyels wd;aóh

nkaOkhls'

úYaj úoHd,fha § kej; jrla uf.a Ñ;% l=i,;djh mek ke.=fKa ir;a

uq;af;gqj.u uy;d ñh.sh Èkhh' t;=udf.a rejla uu úYaj úoHd,fha

ì;a;s mqj;amg wekafoñ' idudkHfhka fyd| Ñ;% Ys,amSka isáfha jdia;=

úoHd mSGfha ñi wmf.a bxðfkare mSGfha fkdfõ' kuq;a" fndfyda

fofkla Ñ;%h w.h l<y' m%;sM,h jQfha t;eka isg úYaj úoHd,fha

ì;a;s mqj;amf;a ks¾udKlrejd njg ud m;aùuh' uf.a ksioeia" lú"

,sms" Ñ;%" ldgQka wdÈfhka th ksr;=rej j¾Kj;a úh' YsIH jHdmdrfha

b;sydih w<,d ks¾udKh lrkd ,o —iod iuruq fidfydhqfrda˜ kï

oejeka; m%o¾Ykfha ̂ 1986& jev j,ska nyq;rhla ieliqfKa o ud w;sks'

YsIH jHdmdrfha wr.,h .ek o tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha u¾okldÍ

md,kh .ek o oejeka; m%o¾Ykhla uu úYaj úoHd,fhka msg jQ jydu

ks¾udKh lf<ñ' ^1992& rKisxy fm%auodi uy;df.a uerjrhska th

ud;r § meyerf.k úkdY lf<a jir .Kkla wudrefjka tlalr.;a

jákd PdhdrEm" Ñ;%" l,d wdlD;s ks¾udK wmg wysñ lrñks' miqj

B<dï w.dOh ^1999& kï m%o¾Ykhla o fou< cd;sjdofha b;sydih yd

;%ia;jdofha jHma;sh ms<sn|j ks¾udKh lf<ñ'

ta Èkj, cd;sl ix> iNdj ̂ 1995&" ;%ia; úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrh ̂ 1998&

wd§ fndfyda cd;sl jHdmdrj, mqj;am;a" m;%sld" m%o¾Ykh wdÈh uf.a

uQ,sl;ajfhka ks¾udKh flßKs' wdmiq yeÍ n,kdl, Ñ;% l,djg

uf.ka isÿj we;af;a m%pdrl fufyjrla muKla nj ugu miqj

wjfndaO úh' jákd ks¾udKhla uf.ka isÿ fkdjQ w;r" thg ld,hla o

ukila o fkdúKs'

jdia;= úoHdj o uf.a m%sh;u úIhla úh' úYaj úoHd,fha § fndfyda jdia;=

úoHd fidhqfrda Tjqkf.a läuqä jHdmD;s wjika lsÍu i|yd Wmldr

m;d wm fj; wdjyqh' ndjdf.a fudaiï jdia;= .=rel=,h (School of

Monsoon Architecture) ms<sn| Wkkaÿj wdfõ t;eksKs' Tyqf.a ̈ kq.`.

ksji udf.a m%sh;u ia:dkhla úh' ud m<uqj md¾,sfïka;=jg ^2001&

.shúg Èk folla md¾,sfïka;=fõ weúo tlS wmQrE ks¾udKh ri

úkafoñ' Tyq th wmg ye¢kajQfha —wms Tn iu.hs' kuq;a" uola by<ska —

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


23

hk f;audj hgf;ah' Tyqf.a lKav,u fydag,hg tfrysj meje;ajQ

Woaf>daIKj, ^1992& uu o fmruqfKa isáfhñ' th fm%auodi md,khg

oela jQ foaYmd,k w.;sfhka l< úfrdaOhls' lKav,u ndjdf.a lÈu

jdia;= ks¾udKhls'

ud úfoaY rglg .sh ́ kEu úfgl lshkafka udj l,d.drj,g /f.k

hk f,ih' m%xYfha Æj¾ we;=¿ f,dalfha m%isoaO fndfyda

l,d.drj,g;a" jdia;= úoHd;aul f,i jeo.;a ukaÈrj,g;a hEu uf.a

mqreoaols' tajdhska ñ, § .;a jákd Ñ;% yd f.dvke`.s,s ie,iqï w;súYd,

m%udKhla oeka ud i;=j we;' ;ksj isg tajd krUñka i;=gq ùu ;rï

i;=gla ;j;a ug ke;' jrla tx.,ka;fha l,d.drhlska vdúkaisf.a

ish¨ ks¾udK iys; lD;shla mjqï ;sylg ñ, § .;sñ' jir ;=klg miq

tx.,ka;fhau fjk;a l,d.drhl § ud ÿgqfõ tu lD;shu mjqï tlish

mkylg ñ,lr we;s njh' fya;=j fidhdne,Sfï § ud oek.;af;a ta

Èkj, vEka n%jqka úiska rÑ; —vdúkais fldaâ˜ kï lD;sh w;sYhska

ckm%sh ùu fya;=j njh' th ^vdúkais fldaâ& ñ, § .;a uu tl yqiaug

th lsheùñ' thg mokï jQ BBC jd¾;d Ñ;%mgh o th m%;sks¾udKh l<

Ñ;%mgh o hk folu miqj ñ, § .;sñ' vEka n%jqka lf;da,sl m,a,sfha

—´miafohs˜ kï ryis.; ixúOdkh fj; fy<d we;s l,d;aul ne,au

fndfyda lreKq wm fj; lshdfohs' ´maiafohs ixúOdkh .ek uq,au

isxy, ,smsh ,sjQfha udh' th uf.a —w,alhsod w,a ðydoa˜ lD;sfha m<úh'

,kavkfha f;aïia kÈh olskdúg ug u;la jkafka Èfha .s,ajd urk ,o

´mia fohs úiskau f.dvke`.+ frdn¾fgda le,aúf.a mdfmdÉpdrKhhs'

le,aù m,a,sfha uqo,a wdfhdackh l< w;r" th miqj fy<s orõ lsÍu

ksid >d;kh flßKs' hqfrdamfha ryis.; ixúOdk .ek fiùug ug

fndfyda l=y,la tu`.ska we;súh' t;ekska weú,S .sh m%S fïikajre yd

f.d;sla f.dvke.s,s l,dj .ek jQ uf.a Wkkaÿj ;ju;a ikais÷fka

ke;'

jrla m%xYfha j¾if,aia ud,s.fha weúÈk w;f¾ tys jeisls<s - leisls<s

ne,Sug ug wjYH úh' wfma m%xY rdcH ksfhdað;hdf.ka ta .ek úuid

isá úg Tyq lSfõ tajd f.dú ler,s j,ska úkdY jQ njls' ug th ms<s.;

fkdyels úh' miqj ug we;a; fy<súh' tkï ta Èkj, mjd ^18 jeks

ishji& m%xYfha rc ud,s.fha Ndú;d ù we;af;a nd,aÈ jeisls<s njhæ c,

uqøs; jeisls<sh W;=re hqfrdamhg wreuhlau úh' tfy;a jir fooyilg

24

fmr ukdj ilik ,o c, uqøs; jeisls<s iqkaor ßá., jk wdrKHfhka

yuqfjhs' wfma YsIagdpdrfha bmerKs ÈhqKqjg ;j;a idlaIs l=ulg o@

ßá., jdia;= ks¾udK uf.a Ôú;fha ;j;a wd;añl yuqùula f,i

i,lñ' tys my< we;s jkhg hg jQ nka|d fmdl=K keu;s .,ska l< jej

u;=lr .ekSu i|yd wmf.a yß; .ïudk jevms<sfj< hgf;a uQ,sl ùug

yelsùu ta wd;aóh .ufka ikaêia:dkhla f,i i,lñ'

ud miajekafka YsIH;ajh iu;ajQúg ug ,enqKq ;E.S w;r" f,kskaf.a

Ôú; l;dj iys; —wdf,dalh˜ kï lD;sh o úh' uu blauKskau

iudcjdÈfhl= ùñ' uq,§ uf.a is;a.;af;a mdfj,a fld¾p.skaf.a ;reK

ùr;ajh iys; —jdfka mkakrh ,enQ yeá˜ kï lD;shhs' bkamiq uelaisï

f.da¾lsf.a —wïud˜ Ñka.sia whs;au;úf.a —m<uq .=rejrhd˜ wdÈh

lshjkakg ùñ' óydhs,a fId,fydõ yuqùfuka miq ug me/Ks ish,a,ka

wu;l ùh' —ienE ñksfil=f.a l;dj˜ f,i jQ ll=,a wysñ .=jka

kshuqjdf.a l;dj ud m%fndaOu;a lf<ah' lDIs .ul iudcjdoh

f.dvk`.k wmQre l;djla jQ —fmrÆ kejqï mi˜ kï jQ lD;sh ud jeäu

jdr .Kkla lsh jQ lD;sh úh yelsh' bx.%Sis oekqu ,eîfuka miq —fodka

kÈh ksi,j .,d niS˜ kï fldiela ckl;d fm< lshùñ' fIda,fydõ

fldñhqksiaÜ wdlD;shg isr fkdjQjdkï f,dj úYsIaG;u rplfhl=

ùug bv ;snqKq nj uf.a ye`.Suh'

jhig Tfrd;a;= fkdfok fï l;d lshùfuka miq uu bfíu iudcfha

úfõplfhl= njg m;aùñ' ks;ru .=rejreka yd .egqï we;slr .;af;ñ'

úfYaIfhka iudc wOHhk .=re;=ñh ^kkaod wur;=x.& iu. tlS .egqï

we;súh' 1977 fmr<sfhka miq újD; wd¾Ólh" ksoyia fjf<| l,dm

wdÈh iudc wOHhk fmd;g tl;= úh' uf.a jeäuy,a fidhqrkaf.a fm<

fmd;aj, ;snqKq reishdkq - Ök úma,j ms<sn| mdvï kj wdKavqj bj;a

lf<ah' uf.a uq,au jdoh weú¨fka tlS mdvï ye¨fka ukao lshdh' ta

Èkj, iudc wOHhk mdvïj, wikd m%Yakj,g uúiska ms<s;=re ÿkafka

udf.a foaYmd,k u;j, isgf.kh' WodyrKhla f,i ksoyia fjf<|

l,dmj, jdis i|yka lrkakehs wikd m%Yakhg ud ,shkafka tajd

Okm;s rgj, iQrdlEfï Wml%uhla wd§ f,ih' uu ieuodu mka;sfha

m<uqjekakd ùñ' .=re;=ñh ug wkqlïmd lr ud ksjerÈ lrkakg

W;aidy l<dh' uf.a mdvï jev fidhd neÆ udf.a f,dl= wlald o ks;r

lSfõ ;ukaf.a woyia fkdj mdvïj, W.kajk foh ,shkd f,ih'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


25

ke;skï úNd.h wiu;a úh yels nj wehf.a o wk;=re we`.ùu úh'

kuq;a" udf.a uqrKavq is; tajd ms<sfkd.;af;ah' fjk fjkia m%Yak mjd

wikakg udf.a is; fmdf<dUjdÆfhah' fmdf<dfõ WKqiqu we;sjkafka

iQ¾hd ksid kï l÷j, Wia uqÿka iQ¾hdg jvd lsÜgq ksid tajd jvd r;aúh

hq;= fkdfõo@ kuq;a tajd iS;, wehs@ fmdf<dj N%uKh fõ kï neül

ke.=kúg wmg ngysr rglg hd fkdyelafla wehs@ ñksiaiq j÷rkaf.ka

mßkduh jQjdkï j÷rka b;=rejQfha wehs@ wd§ m%Yak mjd ug mek ke.sKs'

reishdkq úoajf;l= jQ ffj'fmr,auka úiska" rÑ; .Ks; úoHd úfkdaoh"

fN!;sl úoHd úfkdaoh kï lD;s lshùfuka miq uf.a fndfyda l=yq,

okjk m%Yak úi£ .sh nj o u;lh' kuq;a mßKdujdoh ms<sn| m%Yakh

úi÷fKa fndfyda l,lg miqjh' vdúkaf.a —î.,a pdßldj˜ ms<sn|j

uQ,sl igyka ud lshjQ w;r" Tyqg iqÿ j¾.jdofha ;snQ n,mEu

y÷kd.;sñ' vdúka úYajdi lf<a ish¨ foa" ir, foaj, isg ixlS¾K foa

njg mßKduh jk njg jQ nhsn,fha tk Wmam;a;s l;dfjka ckkh jQ

ngysr ixj¾Ok kHdhhs' uQ,sl Ôùkaf.ka" j÷rka o Tjqkf.ka ñksiqka o

wNHka;r ^cdkuh& mßkduhla ksid ìysjQ nj lsheúKs' iïm%odhsl

m,a,sh tod vdúkag úreoaO jQj;a Tyqf.a o¾Ykfha yrh ;snqfKa W;am;a;s

l;dfõh' úYajh uyd msmqreulska we;sjQjdh lshkd (BIG BANG

THEORY) fyda¾ lskaia f.a u;h mgka .kafka o tu`.sks' vdúkaf.a

ld,fhau úiQ ,ud¾la lSfõ ir, foa isg ixlS¾K foa foig ksh; jQ

mßKduhla ke;s nj;a" ;ukaf.a wNHka;r fohlg jvd Ôùka fjkia

jkafka wjg wka Ôúka yd mßirh w;r" iïnkaOh ksid nj;ah' th

fn!oaO o¾Ykfha tk máÉp iuqmamdoh Ñka;khg iudk rEmS oelauls'

ud úYajdi lrkafka ,ud¾la ksjerÈ njh' ñksid j÷re l=,fha úhyels

kuq;a Tyqg o j÷rkag fukau b;sydihla we;s njh' j÷rka yd ñksiqka

mßirh ksid fjkiajk njh'

mdif,a § uu l%Svdjg o we§ .sfhñ' uu ihjekafka § meje;a jQ óg¾ 75

;r.fha § m<uqjekakd ùu;a" iu. Èùu" mekSu wdÈhg fhduqùñ' kuq;a

ug jvd l%Svdjg iu;a wh wfma mdif,a isáhy' Tjqka iuyfrl= iuia;

,xld uÜgfï Y+rhska ùu ksid Tjqkg fojeks ùu ug ,Êcdjla fkdùh'

Wi mekSu uf.a m%sh;u l%Svdj úh' uf.a Wi;a thg odhl úh' úYaj

úoHd,fha mjd thska uu m<uqjekakd ùñ' iqmqreÿ mßÈ l%Svdj o tys

;dlaIKh o uu yodrkakg ùñ' ´kEu fohla ri jegqKq úg th

26

wjidkh olajd yeoEÍu uf.a msiaiqjls' wka;sfï§ f,dal Y+rhska Èùug

wdrïNh .kakd whqre" wjidkh i|yd l%shdlrkd whqre" È.= ÿr Èùu

ûf.a m%sh;u l%Svdjls& i|yd bjiSu" ie,iqï ieliSu" lKavdhï

l%Svdj, kHdhka wdÈh fndfyda m%.=K lf<ñ' fjd,sfnda,a" mdmkaÿ"

t,af,a" l%slÜ" lrdfÜ yd l=x*q lS%vdjka yeoErE kuq;a tajdfha m%ùKfhla

ùug wiu;a ùñ' tfyhska l%Svd f,da,sfhla ùfuka iekiqfkñ'

uf.a Ôú;fha B<Õ uxikaêh jQfha 1980 cQ,s jev j¾ckhhs' wfma

;d;a;d iuiudc jHdmdrhg ys;j;a jdudxYslfhla úh' Tyq foys;la

fkdys;d jev j¾ckhg tlaúh' wïud thg úreoaO;ajh mEfõ /lshdj

wysñ jqjfyd;a wgfofkl=f.ka hq;= mjq,g w;ajk brKu .ek is;d

muKla fkdfõ'weh bfjka fuka igk mrÈk nj oek isáhdh' fÊ'wd¾f.a foaYmd,k

Yla;sh ;d;a;,d f;areï fkdf.k we;snj wehg jegysKs' ud is;kafka

j¾clhska fidfydkg hjkjd hehs lshQ fÊ'wd¾f.a mqridrug jvd

j¾ckfha wid¾:l;ajhg fya;+ jQfha f.j,aj, .eyekqka ish ieñhkag

l< n,mEuhs' ukrxck jev j¾ckh fÄojdplhlska wjika úh'

—flrefjda Wka jev j¾ck ukrxck jev j¾ck˜ kñka Ñ;%hla o

uúiska ñh.sh fidaumd, fjkqfjka ks¾udKh flßKs' wïud ksjerÈ

úh' wms wd¾Ól w;ska w.dOhlg jegqfkuq' Ôú;fha m<uqjrg nv.skak

wmg oefkkakg úh' uq,a udi lSmfha wms lEfõ ojilg fofõ,ls' wmg

w;ajQ brKu .ek wïud w;sYhska fYdalhg m;ajQjdh' ;d;a;d o

úiafidamhg m;ajQ kuq;a /lshdj fidhd wdmiq fkd.sfhah' wfma f,dl=

whshdf.a Wiia wOHdmkh lvd jeáKs' f,dl= wlald jvd wêIaGdkYS,S

jQjdh" weh;a úYaj úoHd,hg f.dia wmj;a tys weo.kakg Wmßu f,i

lemjQjdh' j¾ckfhka fyd|la o úh' wms wfma wjg l=Uqre" rn¾ j;="

t<j¿ fldrgq lrkakg ùuq' l,la hkúg wfma ;;a;ajh fmrg o jvd

iqNjd§ úh' ;d;a;df.a fld<U hy¿jkag o Woõ lrkakg wms iu;aùuq'

wfma rfÜ jdudxYslhka f.k.sfha ksfIaOjd§ foaYmd,khls' iEu

fohlgu úreoaO ùu" úfrdaO;d meje;aùu" igka mdG lSu" lvdlmam,a

jev lsÍu ta iïm%odhhs' ã'tia' fiakdkdhl f.dú .ïudk W;=re yd

kef.kysr msysgqjk úg Tjqka .eñhkag uef,aßhd Wjÿr .ek lshd

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


27

ìhlrñka ndOd lf<dah' ã'tia'f.a moúh" ñkafkaßh" lka;f,a" .,aTh

.ïudk fkdjkakg fõ¨ms,af,a myiqfjkau fou< B<u msysgqjkakg

bv ;sìKs' wfkla w;ska jdudxYslhka o ueÈy;a ù tlS l%shdoduh

Yla;su;a lr jkaksh yd uvl<mqj o f.dú .ïudk jeglska Yla;su;a

l<dkï fou< fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jdohlg bvla we;s fkdjkakg bv

;sìKs' jduxYslhkaf.a ksfIaOd;aul uki ta cd;sl jEhu wjq,a lf<ah'

nKavdrkdhl uy;d kùlrKh ,nd.ekSu i|yd cki;= jHdmdr

ìysl< úg jduxYslhka lf<a jev j¾ck /,a,la we;slsÍuh' fld<U

jrdhg" .=jka f;dgqm,g" nexl= moaO;shg" wka;¾cd;sl kdúl" .=jka"

uQ,H flakaøhla ùug ;snQ wjia:dj thska úkdY flßKs' jduxYsl woyia

u; Èh;a jQ 1971" 1987-1989 le/,sj,ska o isÿjQfha w;sYh jákd .eñ

;reK Ôú; úkdY ùuhs' ta le/,sj,ska b;=re jQjka miqj ish iudc

Ôú;fha § isÿlr we;s ld¾hNdrhka i,ldne,Sfï § u<jqka

Ôj;ajQjdkï rgg l=uk m%fhdackhla w;afõoehs is;d.; yelsh'

jdudxYslhkaf.a fï ksfIaOd;aul wdl,am fukau Tjqkaf.ka idOkSh

l%shdjka o isÿúh' .fï" rfÜ mjq,a lSmhlg iSud ù ;snQ —n,h˜

m%cd;ka;%jd§j fnodyßkakg jduxYslhkaf.a l%shdjka bjy,a úh'

tfukau ÿ.S" kQ.;a ckhd urj" urjd jev .ekSfï iïm%odhka

fjkialrkakg;a ;reK is;aj,g mrd¾:ldó;ajh f.k tkakg;a

Tjqkg yelsúh' ksoyia wOHdmkh" ksoyia fi!LHh" ksoyia Pkao l%uh

furg NslaIQka jykafia,d yd jdudxYslhska Èkdÿka jákd iïm%odhka

úh' iudcfha my<u fldgiaj,g iudc kdhl;ajh lrd hkakg

tu`.ska msgqn,hla ,eìKs'

1980 jevj¾ckh jkúg ud isáfha wfmd'i'îd'fm<& úNd.h i|yd

iQodkï fjñks' jevj¾ckh uf.a Ôú;fha yerjqï ,laIhla úh'

foaYmd,kh uf.a wkd.; .ukau. f,i f;dard.kakg ug

n,flrefKa ta isÿùu ksidh' tl, udf.a foaYmd,kh b;d mgq tlla

úh' tkï ljr fyda u.lska fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok wjika lsÍuhs' uf.a

Ôú;fha miql,l§ fÊ'wd¾f.a mq;%hd jQ rù chj¾Ok iy uqkqnqrka jQ

relaIdka" m%§ma yd wïßla ̂ Tjqka ish¨fokd fyd| mßir fõ§ka& yuqjk

úg is; hg uy;a ,Êcdjla w;S; chj¾Ok flf¾ jQ ffjrh úiska"

Wmojkq ,enQ nj u;lh' miqj fÊ'wd¾ .ek jQ ydjâ ysÕskaia yd lsxia,s o

28

is,ajd ,shQ oejeka; ksnkaOkh ̂ ,xldfõ foaYmd,{fhl= .ek ud lshjQ

fyd|u pß;dmodkh& lshjQ úg fÊ'wd¾' úisfjks ishjfia ,dxlSh

foaYmd,lhd f,i y÷kd .;sñ' Tyqg ;reK úfha§ n,h ,enqKd kï

uy¿úfha§ Tyq l< nrm;, jerÈ fol tkï ie,iqulska f;drj újD;

wd¾Ólh y÷kajd§u yd bkaÈhdj fou< ;%ia;jdoh foig ;,a¨ lsÍu isÿ

fkdjkakg bv ;sìKs'

idudkH fm< iu;aùfuka miq úoHdj l<hq;= o l,dj l<hq;= o hkak

.ek hï fo.sähdjlg ueÈj isg miqj úoHd wxYh f;dard .;sñ' l=vdl,

isgu i;=kg lsisÿ ysxidjla lsÍug ug fkdyels úh' ud l=vdl,

l=re,af,l= wfma c, gexlsfha ueÍ we;s nj oel w;sYh fõokdjg

m;ajqfkñ' lerfmd;a;ka" óhka lmk i;aj úoHdj ug tmd úh'

l=;¾lhg nr .Ks;h" cHdñ;sh uf.a Ôú;h njg m;aúh' tfyhska

idudkH fm<ska ud .sfha Wiia fm< .Ks; wxYhgh' tys§ ud wdYdfjka

Y=oaO .Ks;h" jHjyßl .Ks;h yd fN!;sl úoHdj W.;af;ñ' ridhksl

úoHdj Wf.k .ekSug ug Wkkaÿjla fkdùh' fï tlu úIhla fyda

úêu;aj yeoEÍug fkdyels jQfha yÈisfha fykhla fuka foaYmd,k

l%shdoduhla m;s; ùu ksidh' th kï wOHdmk Oj, m;%sldjhs' ^1981&

úYaj úoHd, isiqkaf.a l;dj,g ijka§fuka miq Oj, m;%sld úfrdaOhg

tlaùug wms;a ;SrKh lf<uq' wfma mdif,a Woaf>daIKh wid¾:l úh'

úÿy,am;s;=ud yd .=rejre b;d fyd¢ka wfma lghq;= mrdch lf<dah'

kuq;a fï yd iu. ug w¨;a foaYmd,khla yuqúh' ta ck;d úuqla;s

fmruqfKa foaYmd,khhs'

l,la c'ú'fm by<u kdhlfhl= jQ fl,S fiakdkdhl uy;d Ôj;ajQfha

fydrKh' Tyqf.a u,a,S iuka wfma mdif,a" wfma mka;sfha .cñ;=frl=

úh' kuq;a Tyq lsis úfgl wmj cúfmg Èkd.ekSug W;aidy lf<a ke;'

ks;sm;d —we;a;˜ mqj;am; lshùfuka W.% cúfm úfrdaêfhl= jQ ud

c'ú'fmg ks;r fodia ke.+fha 1980 jevj¾ckh mdjd§u .ekh' cúfm

mQ¾Kld,Skfhl= jQ —m%shka;— kï ;eke;af;l= iu. fï iïnkaOfhka

jQ ixjdohlg 1982 uq,§ uu wfma ys;j;l=f.a ksjig .sfhñ' Tyq

m%ikak wfhla úh' uf.a —we;a; m;%fha˜ c'ú'fm úfrdaë ;¾lj,g Tyq

idjOdkj weyqïlka ÿkafkah' Tyqf.a m%;s;¾l o ud is;a.;af;ah' yjia

jQ úg fjk;a Èkhl idlÉPdj i|yd Èk kshu lr.;a w;r" Tyq oyj,a

lEu .ekSug mgka.;af;ah' ta jkúg fõ,dj iji y;r miqù ;sìKs' ta

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


29

wehsoehs úuiQúg Tyq lSfõ Tyq ojilg lkafka fõ,a folla muKla

njh' Tyq tod lEfõ lsßfyd¢ yd iïfnda, iu. lel=¿ n;ah' ug jydu

jir follg fmr wms ú¢ ÿla u;la úh' fld,aúka wd¾ o is,ajd ^wfma

w,a,mq wdikfha w.j;af;a ysgmq uka;%S& we;=¿ jduxYslhskaf.a Ôú;

u;la úh' uf.a yo WKqúh' uu uq,ska m%shka; ifydaorhdf.a

mdlaIslfhl= ù miqj cúfm mdlaIslfhl= ùñ'

1982 § frdayK úfÊùr uy;d ckdêm;sjrKhg bÈßm;a jQ úg wms Tyqg

iydh msKsi f.kaf.g hkakg jQfhuq' tfy;a udf.a háys; lsõfõ

fÊ'wd¾' mroaokakg kï Y%S','ks'm - c'ú'fm tl;=úh hq;= njh' kuq;a wms

fjk;a mlaIj, wh iu. jdo lrñka c'ú'fm m%;sm;a;s ksjrÈ nj

fmkajkakg W;aidy lf<uq' jrla kj iuiudcfha ch;s,l

lïue,a,ùr uy;d iu. o mdi,a isiqfjl= f,i újdohg t<eUqKq nj

u;lh' wm fukau wfma u; o fndfyda ;reK úh' ue;sjrKfhka

cúfm ;=kajeks ;ekg m;aúh' ,enqKq Pkao m%udKh .ek cúfm

l%shdldÍlhka l<lsreKq kuq;a c'ú'fm .ek fkdoek isáhjqka kï

mqÿuhg m;aúh' ta ue;sjrKfha § m%:ujrg ug fou< B<dï wr.,h

.ek oek.kakg ,eìKs' wm l=vdl, fou< ;%ia;jd§kaf.a cdhdrEm

wdÈh ì;a;sj, m%o¾Ykh lr ;snqKq w;r" mqj;am;aj, >d;k yd .sks

;eîï ms<sn| jd¾;d m<úh' tajd ug oekqfKa lõfndahs Ñ;%mgj, tk

fIÍ*a yd ovhïlre w;r" .egqula f,ih' fou< ckhdg iajhx md,kh

,nd§u cúfm m%;sm;a;sh nj ug oek.kakg ,eìKs' tys hï wuq;a;la

oekqKq kuqÿ ta .ek mq¿,a fidhdne,Sulg ud fm<UqfKa ke;' tayd

iu.u Wiia fm< úNd.hg iQodkï jkakg isÿúh' mdvï jev .ek

uf.a wjOdkhla ;snqfKau ke;' idudkH fm< úNd.h jev j¾ckh

ksid;a" Wiia fm< úNd.h ckdêm;sjrKh ̂ 1982& cku; úpdrKh yd

cQ,s l,n, ̂1983& ksid;a wjq,a úh'

wfma .ug w,a,mq .u jQfha y,aj;=rh' tys úYd, f;a j;a;la úh' tys 70

oYlfha § fou< mjq,a úYd, .Kkla isáhy' Tjqyq fndfyduhla wm

iu. mdi,a .shy' wfma f.dú;eka jevg yjq,a jQy' kuq;a" isßud - Ydka;%S

.súiqu ^1964& yd mQß ie,eiau ksid Tjqka fndfyda fofkla bkaÈhdjg

.shy' jrla tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uQ,ia:dkfha Èjd wdydr ix.%yhl § ̂ 2007&

wkalageâ (UNCTAD) ixúOdkfha úOdhsld ,laIaó mQß udyg yuqúh'

weh mQß ie,eiau Èh;a l< bkaÈhdkq uyflduidßiaf.a ÈhKsh jQjdh'

30

wfma .fï ys; ñ;=rka bkaÈhdjg heõfõ wehf.a mshd úiska nj uu

wehg lSfjñ' weh ,xldfõ iqkaor;ajh isxy, YsIagdpdrfha ÈhqKqj .ek

jákd woyia lSmhla m< l<dh'

mQß ie,eiau fkdjkakg ,xldfõ fou< m%Yakh ;j;a W.% jkakg bv

;sìKs' 1977ka miq wfma .ïj, j;= hdhj,ska bkaÈhdjg hjkq ,enQjka

fndfyduhla k;r jqfKa jkaksfha hqo .ïudkj,h' .dkaêhka"

à'wd¾'wd¾'´'" frândkd yd i¾fjdaoh tlaù fõ¨ms,af,ag fï fou<

orejka mQcd lf<dah' wfkla w;ska älais;a ^1983& cQ,s l,n, j,ska miq

fou< ckhd Ndr .ekSu m%;slafIam lf<ah' m%;sM,h jQfha l%ufhka

ish,a,kag ,xldfõ mqrjeislu ,eîuh' fuh ì%;dkHhka yd bkaÈhdj

tlS fou< ckhdg;a" ,xldjg;a l< ft;sydisl widOdrKhls'

1983 cQ,s flda,dy,j,g wfma .ïj, isá hQ'tka'mS mdlaIslfhda o tlajQy'

kuq;a" .ïuq iduQyslj ke`.S isg j;af;a fou< ckhd /l.;ay' tfy;a"

fÊ'wd¾' lf<a c'ú'fm yd jfï mlaI ;ykï lsÍuh' fï wkqj uu Wiia

fm< úNd.h ,Sfõ mdGud,dfjka hka;ï wvla yudrlr l,n, f.dvla

ueoafoakah' yeuodu wdrxÑ jQfha c'ú'fm i.hska w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï

m%jD;a;Skah' fuhska isÿjQfha fÊ'wd¾ .ek ud ;=< ;snQ mgq úfrdaOh

W;aikak ùuh' —uQ wmsg foaYmd,kh lrkak fokakE" uQg;a wms

foaYmd,kh lrkak Èhhq;= kE˜ f,i tlS úfrdaOh W;aikak úh'

Wiia fm< úNd.fhka miq Ñ;% w¢kakg;a" m;fmd; lshùug;a"

f.dú;eka lghq;=j,g;a uf.a ld,h jehúh' uf.a ukfia yerjqï

,laIhla tys § Wodúh' ta we;sjQfha udáka úl%uisxyf.a fmd; m;

lshùu;a iu.h' úfYaIfhka Tyqf.a —fidaúhÜ foaYfha ke.Su˜ kï

lD;sh lshùu;a iu. udlaiajdoh .ek uf.a ;snQ úYajdih m<÷ úh'

iudcjdohg tlu u. udlaiajdoh fkdjk nj;a" nqÿ oyfï tk idx>sl

oelau thg fhdod.; yels nj;a" ug wjfndaO úh' fï .ek uu c'ú'fm

b;=re ù isá kdhlhska iu. lSfjñ' kuq;a" Tjqka isáfha tjeks

u;jdoj,g weyqïlka Èh yels ;;a;ajhl fkdfõ' úkdYldÍ u¾okh;a

yd úisÍ hk mlaIh;a iu. fmdrnÈñks' c'ú'fm mSvdjg m;aj we;s

fudfydf;a tys u;jdoh je/È jQj;a th yer fkdhd hq;= nj

bgd.;af;ñ' tfy;a jeä jeäfhka udlaiajd§ fkdjk m;fmd; flf¾

wjOdkh fhduqlrjQfhñ' fvdiafgdõialsf.a zwmrdOh yd o`vqjuZ

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


31

fgda,aiafgdahsf.a —wekd lerkskd˜ yd —hqoaOh yd iduh˜" isf,dakaf.a

—Æld˜ wd§ kjl;djka ud f.k.sfha jvd;a újD; jQ ñksi;alula

lrdh' fla' ch;s,l yd ihsuka kj.;af;a.uf.a l;djka o uf.a uki

jvd;a mq¿,a lf<ah' uu udlaiajdofhka iïmQ¾Kfhka leã fjkajQfhñ'

^1984& c'ú'fm Èheù hEu;a iu. wNHka;rfha jQ uQ,H jxpd" ÿIapß;

ls%hd" ìh.=¿ mdjd§ï wdÈh o lr,shg wdfõh' uf.a uq,a .=rejrhd jQ

m%shka; o mlaI kdhlhska ms<sl=,a f,i úfõpkh lr mlaIh yer

.sfhah' bkamiq jrla ud yuqjkakg wmQrE mqoa.,fhl= wdfõh' Tyq

miqlf,l rgla ìh jeoa¥ ikakoaO jHdmdrhl wKfokakd jQ iuka

mshisß m%kdkaÿ úh' Tyq wfma .ug w,a,mq .u jQ fmdarefjoKav

m%foaYfha wfhla úh' —fldg iuka˜ f,i m%p,s; Tyq mlaIh jeà we;s

;ekska f.dv .ekSu .ek ug wdfõ.YS,S foaYkd lSmhlau lf<ah'

bkamiq Tyq ug le,Ksfha Wmd,sj;a" Tyqf.ka fmardfoKsfha bvfï.u;a

y÷kajd ÿkafkah' wdkkao bvfï.u jvd;a iqyoYS,S ñ;%YS,S wfhla jQ

w;r" bxðfkare isiqfjl= o úh' miqj úYaj úoHd,fha§ foaYmd,kh

lsÍug fï ñ;=ouo bjy,a úh'

fl;rï wms<sfj<g úNd.h l<;a" Wiia fm< ud iu;a jQfha

l¿;r Èia;%slalfhau m<uqjekakd f,ihs' ug YsIH;aj lSmhlau ,eîug

kshñ; jQj;a uf.a wdvïnrlu úiska" tajd m%;slafIam flßKs' thska

isÿjqfKa wïudg;a" wlaldg;a ud nrla ùuh' uu fudrgqfõ bxðfkare

mSGhg we;=<;a jQfhñ' bxðfkare mSGhg ud .sh m<uq oji wo fuka ug

u;lh' uf.a mqreoao jQfha fldms fmd; fyda *hs,a ljrh folg kjd

l,siï idlal=fõ oudf.k hEuh' ud m<uq ojfiau úYaj úoHd,hg .sfha

ta f,ih' we;eï fcHIaG isiqka kjlhskag ndOd lsÍu i|yd fm< .eiS

isá w;r" ug lsisÿ ndOdjla jQfha ke;' kjlhskaf.a bx.%Sis oekqu i|yd

úNd.hla meje;ajqKq w;r" úNd. Yd,dj fidhd .kakdúg fyd|gu mud

ù ;sìKs' tys § ug oek.kakg ,enqfKa uq¿ mdGud,dju mj;ajkafka

bx.%Sisfhka njh' tjlg uf.a bx.%Sis oekqu ;snqfKa fndfyda ÿ¾j,

;eklh' wm" isxyf,ka jir 12la wOHdmkh ,nd ;sìKs' fuh uy;a

widOdrKhla nj ug jegysKs' le/,sldÍ f,i ke.S isákakg wjYH

m<uq miqìu m<uq Èkfha§u f.dvke.sks' úNd.h ,shd t<shg tk udj

fcHIaGhskag yiqúh' Tjqka ug l,ska ndOd lsÍï lr ke;af;a ud

fcHIaGfhl= f,i is;dh' uf.a Wi;a" lsis mels,Sula ke;s .uk;a"

fojeks È.yereu

iriúh wr.,fhys Wr.,hs

33


34

idlal=fõ *hs,aljrh oudf.k hEu;a" ta je/§ug fya;= úh' ug;a"

kjljoh ,eìKs' th nrm;, fohla fkdjQj;a kjl joh ;=rka lsÍug

th ug wêIaGdkhla úh' miqj ug fmkS .sfha kjl johg fhduqjkafka

fjk;a lsisu yelshdjla ke;s" ,sx.sl fyda mka;s mSvkhka iys;

mqoa.,hska njh' wms fojk jirg md ;nkd úg fm!oa.,slju f.dia

kjlhska /lafluq' ud yd iudk woyia orkd fndfyda fcHIaGhska o

isákd nj ug wjfndaO úh' wfma W;aidyh ;rulg id¾:l úh' ud

is;kafka wo olajd fudrgq bxðfkare mSGfha kjl joh w;sYh iSudldÍ

tlla njh' kuq;a" chj¾Okmqr" le,Ksh" reyqK jeks úYaj úoHd,j,

ud w;aoel we;s i;Hh kï mrmSvl lduql;ajh" mka;s ffjrh"

;ukaf.a fnda,afIúla foaYmd,khg mqoa.,hska Èkd.ekSu"

fkajdisld.drj, mSvl wd{odhl;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSu wdÈh wruqKq

lrf.k kjl joh mj;ajd f.k hk njh' kjl joh je<elaùu

msg;ska kS;s f.ktafuka muKla fkdj úYaj úoHd, we;=<;skau

we;sjk jHdmdrhlska l< hq;a;ls' ì%;dkHfha m%N+jreka idudkH

orejka ;u úYaj úoHd, iïm%odhg we;=<;a lr.ekSu i|yd we;sl<

iïm%odhla mrmSvl lduqlhkaf.a yd m%cd mSvl r;= ifydaorjrekaf.a

w;fld¿jla ùug bvÈh hq;= ke;'

úYaj úoHd,fha m<uq jif¾ § ug fmkS .sfha ud muKla fkdj ug

my<ska ;j;a w;s úYd, msßila bx.%Sish ksid ÿla ú¢kd njh' bx.%Sis

fkdf;aÍu ksid m<uq jir wiu;aj f.or f.dia id¾:l jHdmdßlhka

njg m;ajQjka .ek o" bx.%Sis fkdf;aÍu ksid f.or f.dia fyd¢ka

bx.%Sis Wf.kf.kjq;a w;sid¾:l foaYSh bxðfkarejka ù uyd c,dY yd

jdÍ l¾udka; iqoaokaf.a weia;fïka;=j,ska 1$4lg l< úYajl¾uhka

.eko" wfmau úYaj úoHd,fha wdpd¾h uydpd¾h moú fukau úfoaY

úoHd,j, wdpd¾h uydpd¾h moú ,nd.;a;jqka .ek o uu oksñ' úYaj

úoHd,hg taug fmr;a" mdGud,d weröug fmr;a" mdGud,d we;=<;;a"

bx.%Sis ni Wf.kaùfï úêu;a l%uhla ilia lr.ekSug iy m<uq jif¾

§ isxy,-fou< niska meyeÈ,s lr.ekSug m%udKj;a WmfoaYlhka

,nd.ekSug Wmßu igkla Èh;a lf<ñ' wfma Wml=,m;s ù,s uekaÈia"

uydpd¾h mS'ta'ã'is,ajd" uydpd¾h Ô'à't*a is,ajd ^miqj Wml=,m;s úh&

wd§ka wfma igkg iydh ,ndÿka w;r" wmg my<ska meñKs isiqyq o thg

iydh oelajQy'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


35

iuyreka is;kafka 1956 isxy, rdcH NdIdj lsÍu ksid .ïj,ska meñKs

wmjeks whg bx.%Sish ksjrÈj yeoEÍug Wiqreùug fkdyels jQ njh'

2000 ue;sjrKfha § isy< Wreufha jeäu ukdm yd ukdm m%;sY;h .;a

ud cd;sl ,ehsia;= uka;%Sjrhd f,i m;afkdl< hq;af;a úfoaY ckudOH

bÈßfha bx.%Sisfhka lreKq olajkakg ud wiu;a ksid nj wfma ys;j;a

uOHu ldrl iNslfhla m%ldY lf<ah' kS;s úoHd,fha lghq;= o

bx.%Sisfhka l<hq;= njg tjlg w.úksiqre ir;a is,ajd uy;d l<

fhdackdj ;=< .eíjQfha o úfoaY kvq ;Skaÿ lsheùu yd foaYSh f,i

bx.%Sisfhka kvq ;Skaÿ ,sùug yelshdj ,nd§u .ekh' ud jvd;au

uú;hg m;ajQfha 1988 ckdêm;sjrKfha § fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s ieleiSï

lghq;=j,§ bx.%Sis o rdcH nila úhhq;= njg c'ú'fm bÈßm;a l<

fhdackdjh' Tjqkaf.a idudðlhka yd kdhlhska lsisfjl=g ckau

bx.%Sish l;d lsÍug fyda ,sùug fkdyels nj uu oek isáfhñ' ud

mßir weue;s jQ úg uf.a cmka" fldßhka" isx.mamQre rdcH ;dka;%slhka

ks;ru ug lSfõ ,xldfõ ÈhqKq bx.%Sis Ndú;fhka úmq, M,

fk<d.ekSug ;ju;a wiu;a ù we;af;a wmf.a mgq ngysr úfrdaOh ksid

njh' ms<s;=re f,i ud Tjqkg ks;ru lSfõ BY%dh,h ish ish¨

úoHd;aul yd jdKsc lghq;= id¾:l lr.;af;a wka lsisfjla l;d

fkdlrk ySnDD niska njh'

id;sYh nyq;rhla ffjoHjreka" bxcsfkarejka" kS;sfõ§ka"

l<ukdlrejka lghq;= lrkafka isxy, ̂ fyda fou<& Ndú;d lrkakka

iu.h' wfma —fjf<| fmd<˜ isxy, tlls' b;d iq¿ jYfhka wmg

bx.%Sis iudchka yd fjf<| fmd< yuqfõ' b;ska fï iq¿;rh fjkqfjka

nyq;rh n,fhka bx.%Sishg oeóu lsisfia;a idOdrK fkdfõ' th

Tjqkf.a ckau whs;sh Wÿrd .ekSuls' flfia fj;;a" wka;¾cd;sl

NdIdjla f,i wo f,dalfhau Wiqrejk bx.%Sish bf.k .ekSfuka

jdishla ñi wjdishla kï ke;' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha NdId

yhla we;;a" fndfydaÿrg Ndú;d jkafka bx.%Sishu nj cd;Hka;r

iuq¿j, § ud yg f;areï .sh lreKls' bx.%Sis hkq ye¢ - .Eremamq jeksu

we;eïúg m%fhdackj;a WmlrKhls' WmlrKh wfma isrer njg

m;aùug bvÈh hq;= ke;'

36

wfma úYaj úoHd, mdGud,d .ek o hula lsj hq;=h' wms úYaj úoHd,fha §

pkaøsld .ek" ;rx. isoaOdka; .ek" frdlÜ ;dlaIKh .ek bf.k

.kakd kuqÿ /lshd lsÍfï§ jvd jeo.;a jkafka tlS by< bxðfkare

oekqu fkdj fiajlhska l<ukdlrKh lr.ekSfï yelshdjhs' uf.a

ffjoH ys;ñ;=rka lshkafka;a Tjqka W.;a oE" m%dfhdackhg

.efkkafkau ke;s ;rï njh' wms bxðfkare - ffjoH wd§ jD;a;slhka

ìyslrkafka rfÜ wjYH;d u; fkdj ngysr rgj, iïu; wkqjh'

ngysr rgj,g Wiia wOHdmkhg hkafka b;d iq¿ msßils' kuq;a ta iq¿

msßi fjkqfjka úYaj úoHd, mdGud,djka o" Wiia fm<;a" idudkH

fm<;a" nd, wxYh;a ish mdGud,d ilihs kï t;ek we;af;a uyd

wjq,ls' tmuKla fkdfõ' úIfhys w;s olaIhska ish Wiia wOHdmkh

i|yd f;dard.; hq;af;a ffioaOdka;sl úoHdjkah' kuq;a wfma rfÜ

jkafka jeä ,l=Kq .;a isiqka bxðfkare - ffjoH jeks m%dfhda.sl

jD;a;Skag keUqre ùu;a" wvq ,l=Kq .;a;jqka fN!;sl - .Ks; - Ôj -

ridhk ffioaOdka;sl wOHdmkhg fhduq ùu;ah' fuh ta lafIa;% folu

ì| jeàug fya;= idOl ù ;sfí' uf.a ye`.Su kï Wiia fm< yd úYaj

úoHd, fojk jif¾§ muK w;s olaIhska f;dardf.k Tjqka

wka;¾cd;sl uÜgug mqyqKq lrkd w;f¾ fiiq nyq;rh rgg .e,fmk

mdGud,dj,g fhduql< hq;= njh'

wm úYaj úoHd,hg we;=¿ jQ udifha §u m%n, YsIH igkla weú,S .sfhah'

fÊ'wd¾' md,kh 1983 cQ,s flda,yd,j,ska miq c'ú'fm yd jdudxYsl mlaI

iu. YsIH iNd o ;ykï lr ;sìKs' YsIHhska foaYmd,k jYfhka

tluq;= ù YsIH l%shdldÍ lñgq ;kdf.k ;snQ w;r" tajd i|yd ks, Pkao

úuiSula fkdùh' 1984 § fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,h we;=<; fmd,Sishla

msysgqùu;a iu. YsIHhska idudkH kS;shg iudko ke;akï Wäka isào

hkak .ek újdohla úh' b;d,sfha fndf,[af[da k.rfha kQ;k úYaj

úoHd, ìysjk úg tys ;snQ iajdêldrh (Autonomy) hkafkka woyia

jQfha úYaj úoHd, isiqka idudkH kS;shg hg;a fkdjkd njh' jeäl,la

ta ixjdoh fmardfoKsfha fkdmej;s w;r" îu;ska isá isiqka msßila

w;awvx.=jg .ekSu;a" isiqka fmd,Sish jg,Eu;a" fmd,sia fjä myßka

isiqfjl= ñh hEu;a" ^moauisß wfífialr& isÿúh' ^1984& thg m%pKav

f,i úfrdaOh mE fldd;khg tfrysj

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


37

isßudfjdaf.a md,khg tfrysj ke.=Kq isiq /,a, ;rïu m%n, f,i ke.

wdj;a" thg ck;d iydhla fkdùh' 1985 § mqoa.,sl úYaj úoHd, kS;s.;

lsÍug;a" ;ykï l< YsIH iNd wfydaislr YsIH iqNidOk iñ;s

msysgqùug;a" tfrysj igk wdrïN úh' wms fm<md<s .sfhuq' ud¾. wjysr

lf<uq' j¾ck lf<uq' mdi,a isiqka thg weo .ekSug l%shd lf<uq'

lïlre mka;sh wjÈlsÍu i|yd jev fmd<j,g .sfhuq' mqÿuhlg rch

wmg myr§u i|yd fhdod.;af;a o cd;sl fiajl ix.ufha lïlrejkah'

ta Èkj, ^1989& r;au,dfka ysrdKs lïyf,a fiajl wr.,hla jQ w;r"

udi .Kkla wms thg o iydh oelaùug .sfhuq' wka;sfï§ lïlre

mka;sh wmg;a fkdlshd jevm<g .sfhah' lïlrejka .ek udf.a

úYajdih ;jÿrg;a ì| jeáKs' lïlrejka igka lrkafka wd¾Ól

jqjukd i|yd muKla nj;a" foaYmd,k jqjukd ch.ekSug lïlre

mlaIhla wjYH nj f,kska l< hq;af;a l=ulao@ ̂ 1905& lD;sfha lshd we;s

nj;a wfma iriúfha kHdhdpd¾hjrhd jQ leñ,ia is,ajd ^Tyq c'ú'fm

ysgmq mQ¾K ld,Skfhls& wmg meyeÈ,s lr ÿkafkah' lïlrejkag we;af;a

;ukaf.a mäh jeälr .ekSu ms<sn| wd¾Ól ú{dkh muKla kï

úma,jhla lsÍug lïlre mka;sh tl ú{dkhlska ne£ mj;skafka

flfiao hkak uf.a ;¾lh úh' mka;sh fjkqjg mlaIh leñ,iaf.a

iQ;%h úh' fï ;¾l ú;¾lj,ska udlaiajdoh ms<sn| uf.a ielh ;j;a

jeäúh' ta Èkj, fndfyda úma,jldÍ isiqyq ish ,shk fïi u;

f,kskaf.a tl;= l< lD;s fod<y ;ndf.k isáhy' fïjd tlska tl uu

lshjkakg ùñ' ug ye`.S .sfha tajd fndfydauhla ikd;ksl lreKqj,g

jvd ta wjia:dj i|yd f,kska ;kdÿka iQ;%hka njh' lïlre mka;sh

fjkqjg lïlre mlaIh" Okjd§ úma,jh" iudcjd§ úma,jh iu. tlg

lsÍu ^fg%diaÜlsf.a fkdkj;sk úma,jh& jeks iQ;% flfia fyda n,h

w,a,d .ekSu i|yd f.dvk`.k ,o l;d nj ug ye`.S .sfhah' ud

udlaiajdoh yodrkakg" yodrkakg thska jv jvd wE;aùu o isÿúh'

1985 uehs 14 od ;%ia;jd§ka wkqrmqr Y=oaO k.rhg myrÿka w;r" wirK

Wjeis Wjeishka 150la muK ch Y%S uydfndaêh wi, >d;kh lrkd ,È'

ud miqj mßir weue;s f,i ú,am;a;= WoHdkhg .shúg ^2007& ud ÿgqfõ

ú,am;a;=fõ fiajlhska 18 fofkl= o tÈku urdoud we;s njh' wfma úYaj

úoHd,fha ta Èkj, fou< fnÿïjdohg ys;j;a fou< isiqyQ o" fou<

ckhdg fjkaù hEfï whs;shla we;ehs lS udlaiajd§ úma,jjd§yQ o isáhy'

38

wkqrmqr m%ydrh .ek Tjqka ish,a,kaf.a woyi jQfha Y%S ,xld yuqod

wysxil fou< jeishka >d;kh lrkd ksid fï >d;kh o tlg tl

lsÍula f,i ie,lsh yels njh' uu th ms<sfkd.ksñ' wkqrmqr >d;kh

uf.a foaYmd,k Ôú;fha ;j;a lvbï ,laIhla úh'

úhÜkdï yd fldßhd hqoaOj,§ m%xY" tlai;a ckmo yuqod ,laI .Kka

ñksiqka ur;a§ úhÜkdï fyda fldßhd úuqla;s yuqod Tjqkg ta i|yd

widudkH yelshdjla ;sìh§;a" m%xYfha" ì%;dkHfha fyda tlai;a

ckmofha ksrdhqO ckhd tlg tl lsÍula f,i urd oeïfï ke;'

fõ¨ms,af,a m%Ndlrka yd Tidud ìka,doka fofokdu úuqla;sldóka

fkdù yqÿ ;%ia;jd§ka jkafka Tjqka ksrdhqo ckhd urd oeóu rdcH yuqod

iu. hqoaOfha Wmdhla lr .ekSu ksidh'

fuf;la l,la ksÍlaIlfhl= f,i fÊ'wd¾g myrfok fou< ;%ia;jdoh

foi há is;ska i;=gqfjñka n,d isá uf.a oEia werefKah' fou<

;%ia;jd§ka igka lrñka isákafka fÊ'wd¾ fyda hQtkamSh iu. muKla

fkdj isxy, ùu ksid wm ish¨ fokdu iu. nj m<uqjrg ug .eUqßka

f;areï .sfhah' tÈk isg fÊ'wd¾'g;a jvd jeäfhka uu fou<

;%ia;jdohg tfrysj l%shdlrkakg mgka .;sñ' th fou< ;%ia;jdoh

iyuq,ska w;=.Eù hkf;la ̂ 2009& uf.a yo ;=< jQ wêIaGdkfha m%uqL;u

wx.h úh'

1985 jif¾§ isÿ jQ ;j;a isÿùula ksid ud YsIH foaYmd,kfha by<gu

;,a¨ úh' wmf.a úYaj úoHd,fha isú,a bxðfkare wxYfha f.dvke.s,a,

újD; lsÍug tjlg uqo,a weue;s frdkS o ue,a uy;d meñKSug kshñ;

jQ w;r" fcHIaGhskaf.a lSu u; wms thg tfrysj i;H.%yhla Èh;a

lf<uq'

frdkSo ue,a uy;d W;aijhg fkdmeñKs w;r" wd;¾ iS la,d¾la uy;d

w;ska f.dvke.s,a, újD; úKs' m%;sM,h jQfha YsIH kdhlhkaf.a mka;s

;ykï ùuhs' fuh fl;rï W.%ùo lshf;d;a ish¨ fcHIaG YsIH

kdhlhskaf.au mka;s ;ykï ù /iaùul l;djla meje;aùugj;a wfhla

ke;s ;rug ;;a;ajh W.%úh' miafokdg jvd tla/iaùu" l;d meje;aùu"

m;%sld fn§u" wdOdr tl;=lsÍu wd§ ish¨ ls%hd ;ykï úh' we;a;gu wo

fuka fkdj tod úYaj úoHd, isrf.j,aj,g iudk úh' kdhlhska

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


39

t<shg oeóu ksid m<uqjrg ud l;djla meje;aùñ' ud mdif,a§ fyda

fjk;a ia:dkhl m%isoaO l;d mj;ajd ke;s w;r" YsIH kdhl Oqr" újdo

lKavdhï hkdÈh lsisod ksfhdackh lr o ke;' iEuúgu ud isáfha

;srfhka msgqmih' t<sfha isákd wh yßhg jefâ fkdlrk nj wjfndaO

jQ úg lr<shg tau uf.a m%;sm;a;sh úh' úYaj úoHd,fha isiqka iyuq,ska

u¾okh l<úg wka;sfï § ke`.S isákakg ud ;SrKh lf<a ta ksidh'

uf.a o mka;s ;ykï úh' kuq;a lÓlfhl=" ixúOdfhl= yd kdhlfhl=

f,i t;eka mgka wfma úYaj úoHd,fha muKla fkdj ishü úYaj

úoHd,j, mdfya ms<s.ekSula ud yg ,eìKs' fujeksu isÿùula 1996 § o

úh' ;srfhka msgqmi isá ud yg t<shg tkakg isÿjQfha fou< cd;sjd§

u; orkd wh iu. jdo lsÍug isxy, cd;sljd§ u; oerEjka mels,S .sh

wjia:dfõ§h' nKavdrkdhl iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ tlS m%isoaO újdoh

meje;ajqKq w;r" uydpd¾h ;siai ú;drK ûydpd¾h Ô'we,a' mSßiag;a

wdrdOkd l<uq;a Tyq iyNd.S jQfha ke;& tia't,a'.=Kfialr yd uu thg

iyNd.S jQfhuq' ,xldfõ isxy, cd;sl fõÈldfõ lÓlfhl="

ixúOdhlfhl= yd kdhlfhl= f,i ud lr<shg wdfõ o tf,ih' th o

wyïnhla f,ih'

1986 jif¾ § taldnoaO YsIH igka mej;=fKa ke;' ta fjkqjg fou<

fnÿïjdoh iïnkaOfhka ;Srl újdohla úYaj úoHd,j, yg.;af;ah'

m%Odk jYfhka th udlaiajdoh yd cd;sljdoh w;r" we;sjQ ixjdohla

úh' fï jkúg uydpd¾h k,skao is,ajd" wdpd¾h iQßh .=Kfialr"

ffjoH .=Kodi wurfialr wd§ka cd;sl Ñka;k m%jdoh bÈßm;a lr

fmrg f.khñka ;snQ hq.hhs' úfYaIfhkau k,ska o is,ajd uy;d úYaj

úoHd, .=rejrfhl= jQ neúka" >Dcqju YsIH foaYmd,kh iu. iïnkaO

úh' foys;la ke;sj ud;a" Tjqka iu. cd;sljdohg tlajqfkñ' tfy;a

uf.a jeä wjOdkh fhduqjqfKa ;d¾lsl ixjdoj,g jvd ixúOdkd;aul

cd;sudul YsIH n,fõ.hla f.dvk`.d .ekSu .ekh' fï jkúg cúfm

isáfha b;d ÿ¾j, uÜgulh' Tjqkg u;jd§ f,iska" udlaiajd§kg

ms<s;=re Èh fkdyels jQfha udlaia fukau f,kska o cd;Skaf.a iajhx

ks¾Kh fyj;a fn§ fjkaù hEfï whs;sh ms<s.;a ksidh' fï ksid

/ljrKh m;d Tjqka wm msgqmig úh'

ta Èkj, uu udlaiajdoh yd Okjdoh hk folu ngysr foaYmd,k

o¾Yk folla nj;a wmg .e,fmkafka nqÿ oyug wkql+, idx>sl

40

iuQyjdoh nj;a" fmkakd fok §¾> ,smshla cúfm kdhlhskag ,Sfjñ'

th uf.a cúfmka ks, jYfhkau b,a,d wiaùfï ,smsh o úh' ̂ 1985& kuq;a

úfYaIfhka fudrgq úYaj úoHd,fha n,hla tjlg c'ú'fmg fkdjQ

ksid;a" fmdÿfõ Tjqka cd;sljdoh fÊ'wd¾g tfrysj fhdod.ekSug

bgdf.k isá ksid;a Tjqyq ;jÿrg;a wm iu.u tlg isáfhdah' c'ú'fm

wm weiqre l< kdhlhska jQ ã'tï'wdkkao" rxðoï .=Kr;akï" wdkkao

bvfï.u wd§ka úúO l=i,;d iys; ish¨ kdhl;aj .=K iys;

mqoa.,hska jQ nj o lsj hq;=h' Tjqka ksjerÈ m%dfhda.sl cd;sljd§ka jQjdkï

fï rgg fndfyda fiajhla jkakg bv ;sìKs' úfYaIfhka wdkkao

bvfï.u fyj;a Oïñl" Èú we;sf;la wu;l l< fkdyels iqyo

ñ;=frl= úh'

cúfm uqyqK § ;snQ kHdhsl wdrjq, úi£ug úfÊùr uy;d 1986 uq, §

uOHu ldrl iNdj wu;k ,smshla f,i lD;shla t<s oelajQfhah' ̂ B<dï

wr.,hg úi÷u l=ulao@ - 1986 ud¾;= - m<uq msgm;a fmd,Sish úiska w;a

wvx.=jg .;a nj jd¾;d úh&' tu.ska fou< ckhd cd;sl;ajhla nj;a

isxy,hska o cd;shla fkdj cd;sl;ajhla nj;a" cd;sh kï Y%S ,dxlsl

cd;sh nj;a" m%ldY lrkd ,È' tfyhska udlaia - f,kskaf.a cd;Skaf.a

iajhx ks¾Kh ms<sn| whs;sh fou< ckhdg fhÈh fkdyels nj m%ldY

lrkd ,È' fou< fnÿïjdoh fhdodf.k bkaÈhdj fn§ug tlai;a

ckmoh l%shdlrkd ksid bkaÈhdfõ yd Y%S ,xldfõ iudcjd§ka tlaúh

hq;= nj fhdackd úh' iudcjdoh hgf;a cd;sl mSvkh bj;a ù iq¿

cd;Skag iajhx md,kh (Self Rule) ,enqKq úg m%Yakh úif|k nj o

m%ldY úh' uq,a lD;sh oeä bkaÈhdkq .e;s tlla úh' miqj jd¾;d jQfha

c'ú'fm bkaÈhdj iu. in|;d we;slr .kakg W;aidy l< o Tjqka ta

jkúg;a" cúfm úfrdaë fldgia iu. in|;d we;slrf.k ;snQ njh'

bkaÈhdj úiska" m%;slafIam lrk ,o cúfm B<Õg oeä bkaÈhdkq úfrdaë

úh' ta i|yd by; lS lD;sfha ixialrKhlao ks¾udKh úh' ta w;f¾

cúfm f;dard.;a msßiaj,g ikakoaO mqyqKqj fokakg o úh' cúfmg

ndOdjla f,i ie,l+jka bj;a lsÍu o wdrïN lrkd ,È' oeä

B<dïjdÈfhl= jQ ohdm;srK fldd;kh úh' ud wfma ish¨

ys;j;=kg lSfõ fuf;la l,a ifydaor;ajfhka hq;=j l=uk u;jdo

hgf;a jqj tlg igkal< ish¨ fokd oeka fjkaj Tjqfkdjqka .y

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


41

urd.ekSug kshñ; njh' th ta f,iu úh' flfia fj;;a" m%;súreoaO

u; iys;j jQj;a fudrgq úYaj úoHd,fha wms .egqug ueÈ fkdù

wkkH;djh /l .;af;uq'

;ukg nyq;r n,h fkd,efí hehs is;+ fÊ'wd¾' 1977 ue;sjrK

m%ldYkhg i¾j mdlaIsl jg fïi idlÉPdjla ms<sn| fhdackdjla

oeïfï fou< tlai;a úuqla;s fmruqK iu. wjfndaOhlsks' kuq;a"

yfhka myl n,hla ,enQ fÊ'wd¾' iqmqreÿ f,i th wu;l lf<ah'

kuq;a 1977 isg l%ufhka fou< cd;sjd§ fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jdoh ke.S toa§

fÊ'wd¾' yerefKa fou< tlai;a úuqla;s fmruqK fj;gh' 1981 msysgq jQ

ixj¾Ok iNd tlS foaYmd,k úi÷u úh' th msgqmi tlai;a ckmoh;a

Tjqkf.a iqjp f.da,hka jQ ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,s yd kS,ka ;srefp,a,uq;a

isáhy' tod Èia;%sla ixj¾Ok iNd úi÷u f,i ms<s.;a fou< tlai;a

úuqla;s fmruqK fp,ajkdh.ïf.a —oeka álla miqj ;j;a álla — hk

kHdh hgf;a 1986 jif¾§ m<d;a iNd l%uh b,aÆy' bka§h n,mEu fï

jkúg >Dcqj ;snQ w;r" fou< fnÿïjd§ka újD;j bka§h ìfï mqyqKq

lrkd ,§' tlai;a ckmo T;a;= fiajd úiska imhk ,o mqyqKq l|jqrej,

PdhdrEm we;=<;auqo,s úiska bka§h ksfhdað;hskg ,ndÿka njg o

jd¾;d m<úh' fou< m%Yakh ovóud lrf.k bkaÈhdj" Y%S ,xldj

isrlrñka isáfhah' th 1971 §" kef.kysr mlsia;dkfha zuqla;dNdkSZ

jHdmdrhg Wmldr lr —nx.,sfoaYh— ìysl< fufyhqug fndfyda

iudk fohla úh' Èk oyhla we;=<; fckrd,a ufklafIda hgf;a jQ

bka§h yuqod bkaÈrd .dkaê yd bka§h nqoaê wxYfha fla'tka' ldfjda f.a

fufyhùu hgf;a kef.kysr mlsia;dkh hg;a lsÍu ms<sn| l;dj

^1971 foieïn¾ 06& ud is; ks;r ìhm;al< l;djls' Ökfha m%ydrhka

úiska wd;au úYajdih ì|f.k isá bkaÈhdj ̂ cjy¾,d,a fkare ñh.sfha

Ökh yuqfõ we;s jQ mrdcfha fõokdfjka nj bkaÈrd .dkaêf.a pß;

l;dj ,shQ mdmq,a chld¾ m%ldY lr ;sìKs& mdlsia;dkh mrojd tlS

úYajdih Èkd .;af;ah' bkaÈrd mlaI úmlaI ish,a,kaf.a —ÿ¾.d˜

foj`.k njg m;aúh' 1984 § iSlajre úiska" ta bkaÈrdj >d;kh l<

w;r" kej; bkaÈhdjg wd;au úYajdih wjYHj ;sìKs' fÊ'wd¾'f.a uq.ao

rdcH;dka;%sl ngysr .e;snj fiajh lf<a bkaÈhdfõ ì÷Kq

wd;au.re;ajhgh' rðõ .dkaê yd älais;a fõ.fhka YS% ,xldjg tfrysj

l%shdlrñka isáhy'

42

m¾;idr;S yd îS& weuKqu (Annexure C) u.ska m<d;a iNd l%uhla

y÷kajdfok ,È' m%;sM,h laIKsl úh' uõìu iq/lSfï jHdmdrh ìysúh'

thg Y%S,ksmfha yd ;ykï lrkd ,o c'ú'mfha muKla fkdj isß,a

ue;sõ jeks hQtkamS kdhlhskaf.a o" tjlg wia.sß uydkdhl Oqrhka o

m,smdk pkaodkkao uy kdysñ jeks uOHia: NslaIQka jykafia,df.a o

iydh m<úh' foys;la fkdis;d uu thg tlajqfkñ' id¾:l /,s

lSmhla uykqjr" kqf.af.dv wd§ m%foaYj, meje;aúKs' uy;a

WfoHda.fhka fmdaiag¾ we<ùu" fldäje,a oeóu wdÈfha isg tlS /,sj,g

uf.a iydh m<úh' l%ufhka ke`.S tk cd;sl /,a, l,a;shd ÿgq fÊ'wd¾'

kqf.af.dv m%isoaO /,shla ;nd m<d;a iNd wl=,d .;af;ah' B<Õg Tyq

b;d iQlaIu f,i Y%S','ks'mh yd c'ú'fm w;r;a" NslaIq ix>hd w;r;a"

nqoaêu;=ka w;r;a fNao we;s lf<ah' uõìu iq/lSfï jHdmdrh folv

úh' isßudfjda ue;sKsh" fnx.uqfõ kd,l ysñ" .dñKs Bßhf.d,a, jeks

wh uõìu iq/lSfï ixúOdkh f,i;a" m%skaia .=Kfialr" ÈfkaIa

.=Kj¾Ok" udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ jeks wh uõìu iq/lSfï jHdmdrh

f,i;a" ixúOdkh jQy' uu fojeks ixúOdkhg tlaùñ' cúfm iydh

,enqfKa o thgh' flfia fj;;a" isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrfha NslaIq

kdhl;ajh" foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh" nqoaêu;=ka wd§kaf.a mgq ye`.Sï

úfYaIfhka mqoa., lemS fmkSfï wdYdj cd;sl jHdmdrfha bÈß.ufka

f,dl=u ndOdj f,i wjfndaO lr.;sñ' fÊ'wd¾' W;aidy lf<a Y%S,ksm

bj;alr c'ú'fm yqol,d lsÍu jqj;a isÿjQfha c'ú'fmg cd;sl jHdmdrfha

kdhl;ajh bfíu ,eîuh' lïue,s m%N+jd§ Y%S','ks'm kdhlhska bj;aj

hdfï§ fldkalr isá flfia fyda lr,shg taug j,slñka isá c'ú'fm

nv.sks jDlfhla fuka cd;sl jHdmdrh veye.;af;ah' ;%ia; l%shd

W;aikak fjñka bkaÈhdj ish ol=Kq l,dmfha —fou< nx.,s foaYh˜

ìyslrñka isákd úg c'ú'fm ish ikakoaO l%shdoduh mshjrhlska fmrg

.;af;ah' ta m,af,alef,a yuqod lòjqßka wú meyer .ekSfuks' ̂ 1987&

1987 wms%fh,a wjqreÿ ksjdvqjg uu f.or fkd.sfhñ' thg fya;=j wmj

w;awvx.=jg .ekSug rch jEhï lrkd njg jQ rdjhhs' wm%sfh,a 18

ls;=,aW;=fõo wm%sfh,a 21 msgfldgqfõ§ o iuQ, >d;k isÿúh' th

fÊ'wd¾'g bkaÈhdj ,ndÿka f,a msreKq ix{djla úh' uehs Èkh ;ykï

úh' kuq;a wfma ffO¾hh thska ì£ug fkdyels úh' kdrdfyakamsg

wNhdrdufha§ wms uehs Èkh ieurefjuq' uehs Èkhg fmrod rd;%sfha

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


43

wmqre fohla úh' tÈk fmardfoKsfha isg meñKs w;=r,sfha r;k ysñhka

yd wfma úYaj úoHd,fha ksu,a nd,iqßh w;r nqÿoyu yd udlaiajdoh

ms<sn| ixjdohla we;s úh' r;k ysñ fndfyda myiqfjka nd,iQßhj

mrdch lf<ah' ndf,a ye`.sïnr ls%hdldÍlfhl= ñi nqoaêuh

ú;¾lfhl= fkdùh' Tyq l,la c'ú'fmg tfrys kj ck;d jHdmdrh

iu. tlaù miqj th w;yer c'ú'fm iu. tlajQ wfhls' r;k ysñhkaf.a

;¾l ffY,sh ud is;a.;af;ah' oYl .Kkla Èjhk foaYmd,k ñ;=oula

we;sjQfha ta ksÈ ke;s rd;%sfha we;sjQ ;¾l ú;¾l ksidh' r;k ysñhkao

ud fukau lïlre mka;shg jvd NslaIqka jykafiag cd;sl >dudÔh

úma,jhla l< yels nj úYajdh l< ta wkqj l%shdl< YsIH

l%shdldÍlfhl= úh'

uehs Èkh f,a ú,la úh' wNhdrdufha§ Ôú; folla ì,s.kakd ,§'

fÊ'wd¾' f.a woyi jkakg we;af;a ;uka isxy, cd;sl n,fõ.

u¾okhg iQodkï nj bkaÈhdjg fmkaùu úh yel'kuq;a m%dfhda.slj

isÿjQfha fÊ'wd¾'meroùug wú wdhqO wjYH njg jQ c'ú'fm u;h foig

m%fldam jQ isiqka we§ hEuh' fndfyda l,l isg rxðoï jeks c'ú'fm YsIH

kdhlhska m%isoaêfha lSfõ w;a jk jkd fmd,sia fjä myrg ,laùu

iòyd fm<md,ss .sh hq.h kqÿf¾§u k;rjk njh' wúysxidjdoh weoyQ

wfma u. fÊ'wd¾'f.a ;=jlal= u¾okfhka hgm;a úh' ;=jlal=fjkau

m%;spdr oelaùfï c'ú'fm u.g kj cjhla thska iemhsks' fÊ'wd¾' k;r

l< yelafla ;=jlal=fjka muKls hkak fÊ'wd¾' úiskau fmkakd fok

,§'

fÊ'wd¾' m<uqj Y%S,ksmh ì| oud cúfmg cd;sl jHdmdrfha kdhl;ajh

ÿkafkah' B<`.g wúysxidjd§ YsIH jHdmdrh ikakoaOj u¾okh lr

cúfm ikakoaO wxYhg úmlaIh ùug bv ,ndÿkafkah'

1987 cqksui rgmqrd YsIH kdhlhska w;awvx.=jg .ekssKs'úYaj úoHd,h

jid ;snqKq w;r ud isáfha ksjig fkdf.diska fudrgqfõ fndaäulh'

fndfyda fofkla w;awvx.=jg m;aúh' fÊ'wd¾' fï jk úg bkaÈhdj

iu. tl`.;djhla iòyd l%shdlrñka isá w;r thg m%;smlaIj ke`.S

isáh yelsjQjka l+vq lsÍfï W;aiydhl kshe,S isáfhah' w;awvx.=jg

m;ajQjka fírd.ekSfï igk .ek is;ñka isákd w;f¾ bkaÿ-,xld

.súiqula tk nj mqj;am;a jd¾;d lf<ah' wms jydu ixúOdkh jQfhuq'

44

m<uq /iaùu úoHd,xldr msßfjfka ^le,Ksfha& meje;ajq kuq;a th

Wmjdihla lrd f.khEfï W;aidyh id¾:l fkdùh' miqÈk

úfoHdohg ûd,s.dlkao& tla/ia ù msgfldgqfõ Wmjdihla wereöu

B<Õ b,lalh úh' Y%s','ks'm kdhlhskao úydruydfoaù WoHdkh wi,

Wmjdihla lsÍug hk nj jd¾;d úh' tlajQ uy i`.rejk iu. isxy

Och f.k fldgqj n,d bÈßfhkau .sfha udh' fld<U kS;s mSGfha

lreKdr;ako ud iu. úh' meh lSmhla we;=<; YS%','ks'm kdhlhskao

thg tlajQ w;r ud¾. wjysr ù th oejeka; Wmjdihla njg m;aúh'

^1989 cQ,s 28& jir oy;=klg miq 2000 wf.daia;= 14 od o f*vr,a

fhdackdj,shg tfrysj msgfldgqfõ § ta f,igu Wmjdihla yd

úfrdaO;djhla meje;aùug wmg isÿúh' m<uq igfka w;aoelSu fojeks

igfka ch.%yKh iòyd fndfyda WmldÍ úh'

fÊ'wd¾'Wmjdih u¾okh lf<ah' fjä m%ydr ueo wms úfoHdoh foig

m<d.sfhuq' wdrlaIl wxYh wm tys fldgq lrk ,§' rd;%sfha§ w`ÿrg

uqjdù wms lSmfokla thska mekf.dia fld<U ffjoH mSGhg wdfjuq'

wmg fmkS .sfha fmd,Sish l=uk whqßka yeiqreko yuqodj

úfrdaO;dlrejkg wk;=rla fkdlrk njh' uf.a ;lafiarej kï

c'ú'fmg ksis hqo ixúOdkhla ;sìKs kï yuqodj, iydhfhka

fÊ'wd¾'n,fhka mylsÍug jqj yelshdjla ;snqKq njh' kuq;a th tfia

jQjdkï wksjd¾fhkau bka§h yuqod iu. ,laI .Kkla ñhhk hqoaOhla

weú,S hEuo je,elaúh fkdyels jkq we;'

úfrdaO;dlrejka 147 fofkla ñhf.dia isáhy'ffjoH mSG uD;

Yßrd.drfha Tjqka iu. .;l< Èk foll ld,h uf.a Ôú;h iyuq,ska

fjkia lf<ah' wfma úYaj úoHd,fha ys;dor isiqka fofofkl= jQ la,s*â

fmf¾rd yd ksu,a ,shkf.ao ñh.shjqka w;r úh' j;=r muKla fndñka

we`Èß kS;sh hgf;a Èk;=kla u< isrere iu. .;lf<ñ' jir 20lg miq

la,s*â yd ksu,a kñka Ndrldr wruq,la f.dvk.kakg tod Èú b;=re

lr.;a fidhqrka iu. tlaùfï Nd.Hho ug ysñúh' urKh ms<snò ìhla

ms<sl=,la úkskï ta ish,a, ta f,a jel=Kq Èk lSmh ksid uelS .sfhah'

c'ú'fm ish m%pKav Woaf>daIK /,a, bkaÿ - ,xld .súiqu;a iu. wdrïN

lf<ah' úYaj úoHd, È.gu jid ;eìKs' m<d;a iNd l%uh we;slsÍu

iòyd jQ wkmk;a md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a jkúg úYaj úoHd, újD;j

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


45

;sîu wmg uy`.= wjia:djla Wodlf<ah' wms thg tfrysj Wmjdihla

wdrïN lf<uq' fudrgqfõ wfma wúysxidjd§ iïm%odh c'ú'fmg bjiqï

ÿkafka ke;' ikakoaO ls%hdoduhg thska ndOdjla we;sjk nj Tjqkf.a

ye`.Su úh' Tjqka iydh ÿkafka ke;' wdrlaIl yuqod úiska jglrkq ,ÿj

Wmjdih úisÍ .sfhah' m<d;a iNd ue;sjrK wdrïN úh' c'ú'fm tlS

Pkaoh j¾ckh lsÍu iòyd ikakoaO n,h fhdod .kakd ,§' m<uq

mshjf¾§u uu th úfõpkh lf<ñ' ck;djf.a Pkao n,h ìhm;a lr

k;r lsÍu oreKq m%;súmdl fok isÿùu;a nj uf.a ye`.su úh' kuq;a

fÊ'wd¾' lf<a w;g yiqjk ish,a,ka u¾okh lrñka c'ú'fm ikakoaO

.ukau. idOdrkSlrKh lsÍuh'

1988 fmnrjdÍ ui isÿ jQ jeo.;a isÿùula jQfha jdudxYsl mlaI tlai;a

iudcjd§ fmruqK kñka ikaOdkhla msysgqùug wr wÈkd w;f¾ Y%S

,xld uyck mlaIfha kdhl úch l=udr;=x. uy;d >d;kh lsÍuh'

>d;kfha m%jD;a;sh wikd úg ud isáfha úYaj úoHd, lekaáfï wdydr

.ekSug iQodkï fjñks' úchg fjä ;enqjd hehs m%jD;a;sh weiQ úg

lekaáfï u; folla we;súh' úchg iskud Ys,amsfhl= f,i fyda

foaYmd,lfhl= f,i wdorh l< wh lEu .ekSu kj;ajd >d;lhskag

fodia lshkakg jQy' c'ú'fm wdOdrlrejkag jQ l=;=y,h kï úch

we;a;gu ñh.shdo hkakh' ohd m;srK isoaêh fukau fuh;a úYaj

úoHd,fha .egqula we;súh yels isÿùula f,i f;areï .;a uu fï ms<sn|

i;Hh úuiSu i|yd wdkkao bvfï.u yuqùug fld<U ffjoH YsIH

fkajdisld.drhg .sfhñ' ta jkúg;a úchf.a foayh tys jQ

uD;YÍrd.drhg f.kú;a ;snQ ksid ie,lshhq;= msßila tys meñK

isáhy' wdkkao fyj;a Oïñl iskduqiq uqyqKska ug lSfõ —úch

fødaysfhla˜ lshdh' m%;súma,jh k;r lsÍu i|yd fujeks fødaySka

oekauu bj;a l< hq;= nj t;ek isá uykdu lSfõh' Tyq tl, c'ú'fmg

isá f,dl=u kHdhdpd¾hjrhd jQ w;r" udlaiajdoh yd cd;sljdoh .ek

wm iu. È.gu .egqï we;slr.;a wfhla o úh' WmjeÈ" Y+r lÓl;ajhla

iys; wfhla jQ Tyq wmg myrÿkafka nqoaêjd§ka f,i yxjvq .eiSfuks'

úma,jhg fmr m%;súma,jh u¾okh lsÍug lghq;= lrkafka kï ;uka

m%;súma,jjd§ka f,i y÷kd.kakd fndfyda fokd o oekauu m%;súma,jh

iu`. tlaùug bv we;s nj uydkdug ms<s;=re § wdmiq meñKsfhñ'

46

úch l=udr;=x. ñh hkúg" Tyq fÊ'wd¾'g isá f,dl=u ;=reïmqj úh'

B<Õ ckdêm;sjrKhl § isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl mrdch lsÍu i|yd

wjYH Pkao leãug úch Tyqg w;HjYH úh' uf.a u;h kï ;=kajeks

jrg;a ckdêm;sjrKhg bÈßm;a ùug fÊ'wd¾' bÈßhg fkdmeñKsfha

úch >d;kh ksid njh' úch fm%auodi iu. o fou< ikakoaO l,a,s

iu`. o lsÜgq iïnkaOhla f.k .sfhah' Tyq uyck mlaIhg tlaj isá

ysgmq cúfm msßia i|yd ikakoaO mqyqKqjla o ,ndÿka nj tlS mqyqKqjg

iïnkaO jQ l=reKE., fodrfõ?fõ ;reKfhla ud yg mejiqfõh' úch

ñhhEfuka miq fÊ'wd¾ ;jÿrg;a ;nd.ekSu i|yd ,,s;a ;=reïmqjla

.eiqfõh' ta úfÊùr lr<shg .ekSu i|yd c'ú'fm ;yku 1988 ud¾;=

ui bj;a lsÍfuks' bka§h úfrdaë fmruqKla ms<sn| jQ idlÉPdj,§

c'ú'fm ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,s fukau rù chj¾Ok iu. o idlÉPd

lrf.k .sfhah' wdKavqj yd c'ú'fm w;r" we;s jQ .súiqu msgqmi isá

frdydka fmf¾rd fkdfyd;a mia,sksid¾ we;=<;auqo,sf.a f.da,fhl= jQ

w;r" ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=ud yd fla'iS' fiakdkdhl ta i|yd fomsßiu

úiska" wkaojkq ,enQjka úh' c'ú'fm idu idlÉPd m%;slafIam lf<ah'

m%pKav l%shd W;aikak úh'

fï jkúg úYaj úoHd,j, uQ,sl igka mdG folla úh' tlla kï

w;awvx.=jg m;ajq YsIH kdhlhska uqodyßkq hkakhs' rxcsoï jeks ck;d

úuqla;s fmruqfKa uOHu iNslhskaf.a isg c'ú'fmg ys;lr u;jdoj,

fkdisá w;=r,sfha rkk ysñ" wfYdal wfí.=Kj¾Ok" f.ú÷ l=udr;=x.

jeks who w;awvx.=fõ isáhy' uf.a b,lalh jQfha flfia fyda YsIH

m%Yak úiòdf.k wOHdmkh h:d ;;a;ajhg m;alr ckdêm;sjrKfha§

fÊ'wd¾' mrdch lr bka§h yuqod msg;alr m<d;aiNd wfydais lsÍfï

u.la ;ekSuh'

w;awvx.=jg m;a isiqka ksoyia lsÍu;a" mqoa.,sl ffjoH úoHd,h ms<snò

m%Yakh;a idlÉcd ls%hdoduhlska úiòd.; yels nj wfma Wml=,m;s ú,s

uekaäia uy;d ud yg m%ldY lr isáfhah' uu fï .ek wka;¾ úYaj

úoHd, YsIH uKav,hg oekqï ÿksñ' 1987 isg úYajúoHd, jid oeóu

ksid isiqkao" foudmshkao isáfha uy;a wiykhlssks' kuq;a c'ú'fm Wmdh

ud¾.h jQfha yels;rï ld,hla úYaj úoHd, jidf.k ish le/,a,

iòyd úYaj úoHd, isiqka fhdod .ekSuh' cúfm fuu Wmdh wka;¾ úYaj

úoHd, YsIH uKav,h ;=< fnÈula we;s lf<ah' fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


47

f.ú`ÿ l=udr;=x." fmardfoKsfha r;k ysñ" chj¾Okmqr n¾á

úodkm;srK wd§ fiiq cd;sljd§ uOHia: kdhlhskao isáfha ta

u;fhaah' we;af;kau nyq;r YsIHkaf.a .re;ajh ;snqfKa fï ckm%sh

kdhlhska iu.h' wka;ssfï§ wdKavqj iu. idlÉcd l< hq;=h hk u;h

ch.kq ,eîh' wdKavqj me;af;ka ta'iS'tia' yóâ uy;d iu. m%;smdok

fldñIï iNdfõ iNdm;s iageka,s l,amf.a meñKs w;r YsIHhskaf.a

me;af;ka idlÉcdj fufyh jQfha ud h' idlÉcd jg lSmhlska miq

wfma b,a,Sï ,nd§ug wdKavqj tl`.úh' uydpd¾h ú,s uekaÈia yd

uydpd¾h w¾cqk w¨úydf¾ tlS idlÉcd id¾:l lr .ekSu iòyd

fndfyda lemùï l<y' ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s tâjâ .=Kj¾Oko thg

iydh úh' w;awvx.=j m;a ù isá isiqka ksoyia úh' mqoa.,sl ffjoH

úoHd,h cki;= úh' ^we;a;u ;;a;ajh kï 1980 uq,a Nd.fha we;sl<

rd.u mqoa.,sl ffjoH úoHd,h ms<snò igk hgf.dia ;sìh§ 1987 uq,a

Nd.fha th u;=lr .;af;a wmh' miqj c'ú'fm th ;ukaf.a igka

mdGhla lr.;af;a ffjoH mSGfha m<uq yd fojk jirj, l%shdldÍ

isiqka Èkd .ekSfuks& fnd,afIúla le/,a, iòyd fõ.fhka bÈßhg

hñka isá c'ú'fm úYaj úoHd, iu:hlg m;aùu bjiqfõ ke;' Tjqka

wmg ndod lsÍug mgka .;ay'

úYaj úoHd, iduldó lr.ekSfï b,lalh Èkd .ekSfuka miq fojekak

lr<shg .;suq' tkï" fï w;r fÊ'wd¾' md,kh fmr<d oeóu iòyd

fmdÿ ikaOdkhla we;slr .; hq;=h hk u;hhs' ta iòyd m<uqfjkau

c'ú'fm yd Y%S','ks'm tlaúh hq;= njg u;hla we;súh' .=Kodi

wurfialr úiska rÑ; —.K÷r ueÈhu" olsfkñ wreK¿˜ lD;sh;a

k,skao is,ajd uy;df.a —56 orefjda˜ ixl,amh;a fuhg fndfyda bjy,a

úh' c'ú'fm fjk;a wruqKlska fuhg tl`. úh' tkï ish ikakoaO

úma,jh fmrg f.khEu iòyd jQ wdjrK m%cd;ka;%jd§ fmruqK

ìyslsÍu i|ydh' fldá uE;l § fou< ikaOdkh fhdod .;a;d fia

Y%S','ks'mh ;u wruqKq i|yd fhdod .ekSu c'ú'fm Wmdh úh' YsS%,ksmfha

Wmdh jqfhao c'ú'fm irKska fyda n,hg meñKSuhs' jir 11 la n,h

wysñùfuka Y%S','ks'mh nv.sks ysjf,l=f.a ;;a;ajhg jeà ;sìKs' wfma

wruqK jQfha fÊ'wd¾' yd bka§h yuqod hqoaOhlska f;drj bj;alr

.ekSuh'

48

Y%S','ks'm yd c'ú'fm w;r uq,au idlÉcdjg w;rueÈhd jQfha udh' th

meje;ajqfKa 1988 cqks 06 od frdiañâ fmfofia nKavdrkdhl

ksjfia§h' tys§ wkqr nKavdrkdhl yd wdkkao bvfï.u

fomd¾Yajfhka yuqúh' miqj fjk kdhlhskao thg iïnkaO úh' ta

Èkj, reyqKq úYaj úoHd,fha wdpd¾h i;Hmd, jkaks.u w;=reoyka ù

;snQ w;r ta ms<snò i¾jmdlaIsl yuqjla meje;aúks' wms th mq¿,a

foaYmd,k ikaOdkhla njg mßj¾;kh lf<uq' foaYfm%añ cd;sl

fmruqKla ms<snò l=vd jevms<sfj<la ud úiska flgqïm;alr wka;¾

úYaj úoHd,hSh YsIH n, uKav,hg bÈßm;a lr wkque;sh f.k miqj

fiiq mlaIj,g bÈßm;a lrk ,§' fmardfoKsfha iqo;a nKavdr"

chj¾Okmqr .dñKs ud,isxy hk isiq kdhlhskao tlS idlÉcdj,g

iyNd.S úh' fu;rï ;reK úfha § rfÜ cd;sl mlaI ikaOdkhla i|yd

jQ uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s flgqïm;la ieliSug ud yg wjia:djla ,nd§u

mqÿuhg lreKla úh' fuhu udf.a Nd.Hhls' miqj isy< Wreufha;a"

bkamiqj cd;sl fy< Wreufha;a m%;sm;a;s flgqïm;a lsÍug;a bkamiqj

uyskao Ñka;k m%;sm;a;sh ieliSug;a tod ,o mqyqKqj yd mkakrh ud

yg Yla;shla úh'

fï idlÉcdj wmQre foaYmd,k w;aoelSula f.k ÿkafkah' isßudfjda

nKavdrkdhl ue;sksh" wkqr nKavdrkdhl uy;d" relauka

fiakdkdhl" ta'tÉ'tï'wIar*a" l=ud¾ fmdkakïn,ï" pdkl wur;=x."

ta'tï'wiSia" ÈfkaIa .=Kj¾Ok jeks kdhlhska /ila weiqre lsÍug;a

Tjqkaf.a mqoa.,sl reÑ wreÑlï foaYmd,k woyia wdÈh y÷kd .ekSug;a

yelsúh' jrla l=ud¾ fmdkakïn,ïf.a ksjfia§ tys jQ PdhdrEmhla

t;=ud fiiq whg fmkaùh' tys ;snqfKa Ô'Ô' fmdkakïn,ï"

nKavdrkdhl" ms,sma .=Kj¾Ok yd vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;ajrekaf.a

iuQy PdhdrEmhls' l=ud¾ fmdkakïn,ï th fmkakd lSfõ ta

ish,a,kaf.a mq;=ka fyda {d;s mq;=ka ̂ l=ud¾" wkqr" ÈfkaIa" relauka& oeka

fu;ek isákd njh' ke;af;a fÊ'wd¾'f.a mq;=ka njo Tyq úys¿jg

lSfõh' ;j jir lSmhlska wmf.a orejkao tlaù wm .ek fï f,igu

l;d lsÍug bv i,ikq jia wfma iuQy cdhdrEmhla .ksuqhehs Tyq

fhdackd lf<ah' túg ud lSfõ úfÊùrf.a yd m%Ndlrkaf.a orejka thg

bvfoaú oehs is;d ne,Su jvd iqÿiq njhs' wms ish¨ fokd y`v k.d

iskdiqfkuq' h:d¾:h kï úfÊùr yd m%Ndlrka ksfhdackh l< .eñ

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


49

f.dú mrmqr fld<U 03 - fld<U 07 m%N+ mrmqrg bvla §ug iQodkï ke;s

nj Tjqka tod f;areï fkd.ekSuh'

fuys,d lsjhq;af;a l=ud¾ fmdkakïn,ï uy;d fndfydaÿrg is; ;=<

m%N+jdohla ;ndf.k fkdisá wfhla njh' fuh isxy, kdhlhskaf.a

olskakg fkd;snqKq ,l=Kla úh' Tyq jrla lSfõ ;u ksjfiys

Wvquyf,a t,a'á'á'B yd maf,dÜ lSmfofkl=g kdjd;eka ÿka nj;a"

rd;%sfha tlg wdydrf.k miqj t<shg f.dia Tjqka fjä ;nd.;a nj;ah'

fld<U fndfyda fou< m%N+ ksfjia —fld,a,kag˜ ta Èkj, újD;j

;sìKs' c'ú'fm le/,a, mrdch jQ miq ^1991 §& fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

wi, mhska hñka isá ud oel ish fnkaia r:h k;r lr Èjwjq;a fyf;u

ud je<|.;a wdldrh ;ju;a u;lhg ths' pkaøsldf.a md;d,h Tyq

urdoeuQ úg tys we`.s,a, wm fj; fhduql< wjia:dj" fõokd;aul

w;aoelSula úh'

wIar*a uy;d ish Wmdhka újD;ju wm iu. l;d lf<ah' isxy, - fou<

.egqu W;aikak jkúg uqia,sïjre bfíu ch.%dylhd ;SrKh lrkakd

njg m;ajk nj Tyqf.a u;h úh' th ;udf.a Wmdh nj o fyf;u

m%ldY lf<ah' fou< cd;sjd§ m%ydr ksid uqia,sï fldx.%ih ìysjqj;a th

ks;ru isxy, úfrdaë f,i mj;ajd .ekSu .ek fyf;u ie,els,su;a

úh'Tyq yd relauka fmdÿ ikaOdkfhka bj;aù ckdêm;sjrKfha§

fma%uodi uy;dg iydh §ug bÈßm;a jQy'

foaYfma%ñ fmdÿ ikaOdkhla iòyd jQ idlÉcd wid¾:l úh' thg

wdikaku fya;=j jQfha ljr mlaIhla fyda ̂ wdKavqjla msysg jQ miq& b,a,d

wia ù wdKavqj úiqreúh hq;= njg c'ú'fm f.k wd u;hg Y%S','ks'mh

tfrys ùuhs' wfkla w;ska ckm;s Y%s','ks'mfhka kï w.ue;s cúfmka

f,i jQ n,h fnodyod .ekSfï c'ú'fm iq;%ho Y%S','ks'm ms<s.;af;a ke;'

idlÉcd wid¾:l ù c'ú'fm Pkao j¾ckhg .sfhah' uu m%isoaêfhau fï

.ek c'ú'fm úfõpkh lf<ñ' fm%auodi ckdêm;sjrKh yd uyd

ue;sjrKh hk folu ch.;af;ah' cúfm Pkao j¾ckh fm%auodi ish

jdishg fhdod.;a w;r cúfmg fm%auodi iu. inò;djhlao úh' iuyr

c'ú'fm kdhlhska w;awvx.=jg m;ajQ miq ̂ 1989& ;ukag ckdêm;s yuqúh

hq;=hehs b,a,d isá njo jd¾;d úh' cúfm Wmdh YsIHhskag muKla

fkdj rggu úkdYh leòjkakla nj;a cd;sljdoh" wúysxidjdoh" wfma

50

u. úh hq;= nj;a fmkajk lD;shlaa ksl=;a lf<ñ' thska ud W;aidy

lf<a cúfm cd;sljdoh Wmdhla lrf.k ;reK jHdmdrh ish;g

.ekSu je<elaùu;a" fõ¨ms,af,ag yd fld<U m%N+jd§kag tfrysj isxy,

cd;sl n,hla úYaj úoHd, ;=< frdamKh lsÍu;ah'

fm%auodi uy;df.a ch.%yKfhka miq úmlaIfha ffjrh c'ú'fm fj;g

fhduqúh' c'ú'fm lSfõ fm%auodi hkq —f,dal,a flrkaials— njh'

fnda,afIúlajre 1917 § reishdfõ § yhuila we;=<; flrkaials

n,fhka myl< f,i fm%auodi o n,fhka mylrkq ,nk nj

—fm%auodig udi yhhs— hkafkka m%ldY flßKs' úYaj úoHd,j,

;;a;ajh jQfha c'ú'fmg /yeKsj YsIH fm<.eiaula we;sùuh' ud úiska

,shk ,o" Ñka;k m¾Ioh úiska t<solajk ,o —wfma u.˜ lD;sh

c'ú'fmg /yeKs cd;sljd§ YsIH kdhlhskaf.a w;afmd; úh' 1989 uehs

ui úYajúoHd, újD; jQ úg c'ú'fmg tfrys le/,a, mqmqrd .sfhah'

fudrgq úYaj úoHd, isiqka wu;d bka§h yuqod msgux lsÍu yd chj¾Ok

bj;a lsÍu ms<sn| jQ wfma W;aidyh wid¾:l jQ nj m%isoaêfha ms<s.;sñ'

cúfm ikakoaO Wmdh bÈßfha rg úkdYh lrd f.khk ksid thska

j,lsk f,i o b,a,d isáfhñ' m<uq jif¾ c'ú'fm l%shdOrhska

lSmfofkl= yereKq úg uq¿ úYaj úoHd,hu c'ú'fm úkdYldÍ u.ska

.e,ù .;af;ah' c'ú'fm ;=jlal= lrefjda túg isÿlf<a uydpd¾h

mgqjgú;dk urdoud úYaj úoHd,h jid .ekSuh' th miqmi isá

;=jlal=lrejd miqj rEmjdysksh bÈßfha c'ú'fm úfõpkh l< nj o

oek.;sñ' th b;sydifha fÄojdplhla úh' fldDcqj c'ú'fmg tfrysj ke.S isákd ,È' m%isoaO jdo újdo l< fkdyels

jQ c'ú'fm uydpd¾h úfÊiqkaor urdoud tu úYaj úoHd,h o

jid.;af;ah' tlS ;=jlal=lre o miqj —wm .;au. jerÈh˜ hkqfjka

c'ú'fm isr l|jqrej, foaYk meje;aùh' lk.dgqfjka jqj lsjhq;af;a

fnda,afIúla úma,jhg iydh fkdfokakka —w,hska˜ f,i y÷kajñka

uõìu ke;akï urKh lshd tod ^1989& Wia y`äka lE.eiQjka miqj

tlaflda rcfha T;a;=lrejka jQ nj fyda uõìu ke;akï meÍish lshd

hqfrdamhg m<d.sh njh'

1989 cqksui jkúg c'ú'fm ish le/,a, W;aikak lf<ah' fï jkúg

c'ú'fm úiska" ;uka urdou;ehs ìh jQjka fndfyduhla" tlaflda

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


51

úfoaY.;ùu fyda rcfha wdrlaIl wxY fj;g keUqreùu isÿl<y'

úfYaIfhka fld<U iajdëk YsIH ix.uh yd Y%S ,xld uyck mlaIfha

msßia fjku ikakoaO l,a,shla f,i c'ú'fm fyda cd;sljd§ u;

oerEjka miqmi mkakkag jQy' fï w;r" c'ú'fm —cd;sl Ñka;k kvh—

f,i k,ska o is,ajd uy;d yd wm ish¨fokd kïlr m;%sldjla ksl=;a

lf<ah' th tla wdldrhlska wfma urK jfrka;=j úh' fuf,i

wúysxidjd§ ùu ksid wms fome;af;au f.dÿre njg m;ajQfhuq' fijk

fidh .sh iEu ;eklu urKfha fijke,a, wm fidhd wdfõh' jrla

.,alsiafia tla;rd úydria:dkhl § wm >d;kh i|yd fndaïnhla

wgjk f,i ;ukag Wmfoia ,enqKq nj oekg WmeúÈj isák tjlg

NslaIQka jykafia flfkl= jQ fld<U úYaj úoHd, isiqfjl= ud yg

lSfõh' fï w;r" iajdëk YsIH ix.uh o wfma ysia fidhd —fmfcfrda˜

j,ska k.rh mSrkakg jQfhah' fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha —fyauka;

pkaøisß˜ meyer .ekSug Tjqka iu;a jQ w;r" Tyq fidhd.sh ud yd ;j;a

wfma ys;j;a ffjoHmSG isiqfjl= iajdëk YsIH ix.ufha urejka w;g

m;aúh' wm ks;r ießierE fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha kS;s mSG foaYk

Yd,djla weiajid ú,x.= oud isá wmf.a jOld.dr ksjdih njg m;aúh'

tys .;l< udi ;=kl ;rï ld,h w<,d uúiska ,shk ,o —wuq

fidfydkl ú,x.=,d˜ kï f,aLkh Èjhsk nodod ix.%yfha m<ùfuka

fndfyda fofkla le/,a, ms<sn| ksrej;a f,a jel=Kq we;a; oek .;ay'

tlS ,sms fm<g Woõ lf<a wo wm w;r ke;suq;a iod ys;dor ls;aisß ksu,a

Ydka; uy;dh' wms w;awvx.=jg .eKqfka Tlaf;daïn¾ uih' fkdjeïn¾

jkúg c'ú'fm ishü kdhlhska tlje,g w;awvx.=jg m;aúh' fndfyda

msßilg ñhhkakg" urkakg Ôjh lejQ Tjqka ish,af,dau mdfya wka

ish¨fokdu mjd ÿkay' fldákau c'ú'fm iellrejka y÷kd.ekSu"

myr§u" jO §u" >d;kh wdÈh isÿlf<a;a cúfm kdhlhskau úisks' ;j

ñks;a;=jla fyda Ôj;a ùu Tjqkf.a tlu me;=u ù ;sìKs' c'ú'fm

kdhlhska fmkajQ fï ìh.=¿ yeisÍu yd kskaod iy.; urKh ljod

fyda fldá ixúOdkfha kdhlhskag o w;ajk nj uu úYajdi lf<ñ'

2009 uehs ui ta úYajdih o ;yjqre úh' fldá kdhlfhdao ish

idudðlhska mdjdÿkay'

c'ú'fm ;ykï lr ^1983& th le/,a,g weo oeuQfha;a" Tjqka cd;sljd§

úmlaIfha kdhl;ajhg f.kdfõ;a" Tjqkf.a ikakoaO l%shdldÍ;ajhg

wjYH iudc ms<s.ekSu ,ndÿkafka;a fÊ'wd¾f.a jerÈ foaYmd,k Wmdh

52

úisks' fÊ'wd¾f.a újD; wd¾Ólh ;=< m%Odk ixprlh jQ fiajd wd¾Ólh

úiska" we;sl< ¨ïmka Okm;Ska fukau mSä;hska o c'ú'fm fukau

fm%auodif.a o mokula úh' u¾okfha§ 1971 fuka .eñ f.dú ùr;ajhla

1989 - 90 § cúfmg wdfrdamKh fkdjqfKa fï ¨ïmka l%shdldÍ;ajfha

f.dÿre njg Tjqkf.a kdhlhska yiq ù isá ksidh' Tjqka úkdY

flrefKa o fm%auodi - l=f¾ yjq, úiska ;kkd ,o —f,darkaia ud*shdj˜

kï ;j;a ̈ ïmka ixúOdkhlska ùu o wNdjjdpl l%shdjla úh'

jrla 1988 § ;%Sudú;dk >d;k isoaêh iufha § ud yuq jQ úch úu,r;ak

uy;d m%ldY lf<a W;=f¾ fukau ol=fKa le/,a, o ch.; fkdyels

(No Win) ;;a;ajhlg m;aj we;s njhs' ;%Sudú;dk ms<sn|

fm<md<shlg wjir .ekSu i|yd Tyq yuq jQ úgh ta i|yk flrefKa'

wdrïNfha § yuqod ks,OdÍka mjd c'ú'fm Yla;sh ms<sn|

wê;lafiarejlg wdfõ fÊ'wd¾ .ek l,lsÍ isá oejeka; úmlaIhl

irK Tjqkg ,enqKq ksidh' kuq;a c'ú'fm .;a wka;jd§ bka§h

úfrdaOh;a" bkaÈhdjg tfrysj tlai;a ckmoh iu. fyda tlaùug Tjqka

oerE W;aidyh;a" fldá ixúOdkh iu. mjd ikakoaOuh in|;d

mj;ajd .ekSu;a" 1988 ckdêm;sjrKh yd uyd ue;sjrKh lvdlmam,a

lsÍu;a ksid úmlaIh c'ú'fmka bj;a úh' c'ú'fm flavrhg iSud jQ

mlaIhla úh' fï jro c'ú'fm 2007§ o lf<ah' ta rfÜ cd;sudul

foaYfm%aó ckhd ckm;s uyskao iu. fldá úfrdaë igfka bÈßhg hoa§

j¾ck" ;¾ck" ndOd lsÍïj,g hEfuks' Tjqkf.a oejeka; Pkao moku

B<Õ ue;sjrKj,§ lvdjeà th flavrhg iSud jQ mlaIhla úh' ^2009

m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKh&

fï w;r" yuqodfõ úfYaI m%ydrl wxYj,ska c'ú'fm iodpdrhla ke;s

.ß,a,d hqoaOhg (DIRTY WAR TACTICS) ms<s;=rla f,i tlS

Wml%uhkau fhdod.kakg úh' (MIRROR IMAGE TACTICS) c'ú'fm

u¾okh i|yd ish¨ fokd w;awvx.=jg .kakd" újD;j fjä ;nkd

kHdh fjkqjg f;dardf.k úkdY lsÍu we/ôKs' r;au,dfka

uqKisxyf.ka we/UqKq tlS m%;sìïn m%ydr udi lSmhlska úfÊùr -

.ukdhl - ã'tï' wdkkao olajdu .uka lf<ah' fï w;r" fjk;a

m%;súreoaOjd§ka >d;khg o wdKavqj fukau jdudxYsl l,a,s o Wmßu

f,i tlS NSIK iuh fhdod.;af;dah' cúfm wdrïNh yd ì| jeàu

ms<sn|j —f,a l÷¿ ueÈka˜ kñka ,sms ud,djla —,lañK˜ mqj;amf;a

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


53

^1991& m< lf<ñ' tl, iqks,a udOjf.a ixialrKfhka hq;= —,lañK˜

mqj;am; úisÍ .sh c'ú'fm l%shdOrhska tlalrk kjd;ekla f,i o l%shd

l< w;r" tlS ,sms fm< Tjqkf.a oeä úfõpkhg o yiqúh' thg ,sms

iemhQjka w;r" v,ia w,ymafmreu uy;d fukau úu,a ùrjxY uy;d o

isá w;r" th uqøKh lf<a ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;df.a wdOdrfhks'

miqj k,ska o is,ajd yd ;s,la lreKdr;ak w;r" we;s jQ .egqulska miq

wms tlS mqj;amf;ka iuq.;suq' jOld.drfhka ksoyia flrek o

urKfha fijke,s wm miqmi jeà ;sìKs' tjlg —w;=reoyka ù˜ isá ud

h<s;a fidhd.kakg wfma f,dl= wlald m%uqL mjqf,a ieug tjlg

—rdjh˜ l¾;D jQ úlag¾ whsjka uy;d;a" wkqreoaO r;aj;af;a uy;d;a

Wmldr lr ;sìKs' ud m<uq ,smsh YsIH jHdmdrh ms<sn|j rdjhg ,sjQ

w;r" ,lañKg iïnkaO jkf;la fndfyda ud;Dld hgf;a thg ,sms

,shQfjñ' jrla whsjka uy;d úiska" pkaøsldg mdr lemSu ^1994& i|yd

újD; wd¾Ólh ms<sn|j lrkd ,o idjdoH lreKq oelaùula ksjerÈ

lrkd f,i Tyqf.ka b,a,d isá wjia:dfõ th bgqfkdl< ksid rdjhg

,sms iemhSu k;r lf<ñ' rdjh mqj;am;la jQfha ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,sf.a

le/,a, fmrg f.khEu i|yd jQ w;r" th b;d id¾:l f,i rdjh

úiska" bgqlrk ,§' 2001 § hQtkamSh n,hg f.ktau i|yd ,ika;

úl%u;=x. úiska isÿl< fufyhg iudk fufyhla 1994 § pkaøsld

n,hg f.ktau i|yd rdjh úiska bgqlrk ,§' fujeks úl,am udOH

tajdfha iudc ld¾hh bgqlrk wjia:dfõ§ ,dNodhS jHdmdr f,i

mj;ajdf.k .sh o fndfydaÿrg kv;a;= jkafka úfoaYSh fyda fn!oaO

úfrdaë wd.ñl l,a,sj, fyda isxy, úfrdaë l,a,sj, wruqo,a j,sks'

úáka úg m%.;sYS,S fjia .;a; o iuia;hla f,i tajd ish iajdókag

fiajh lr;s' breÈk" ,Sv¾" hqla;sh yd rdjh úl,am ckudOH ckm%sh

f;aud .kakd w;r" udOHfõ§ *eisiaÜjdohla o uqodyß;s' cd;sl;ajh

mokï lr.;a Yla;su;a pß; yd jHdmdr úkdY lsÍu ta *eisiaÜjdofha

uqLH wruqKhs'


55

1990 jir uf.a Ôú;fha od¾Yksl jir úh' Ôú;h .ek jvd

mq¿,a wjfndaOhla jOld.drj, f,a jel=Kq u;lhka úiska" ,nd §

;sìKs' úYaj úoHd, wOHdmkh ms<sn| lsisÿ wdYdjla we;s fkdúKs' ks;H

wOHdmkfha § foaYmd,kh ug ks;ru ndOd lf<ah' idudkH fm< 1980

cQ,s jevj¾ckh ksid o Wiia fm< ckdêm;sjrKh" cku; úpdrKh

yd 83 cQ,s l,n, ksido" úYaj úoHd, wjika jir fol c'ú'fm le/,a,

ksid o lvdlmam,a ù .sfhah' Ôú;h fidhd úúO ia:dkj,g m<dhñka

isáh § tlu foh jQfha yels;dla lshùfï kshe,Suh' wmg ys;j;a

úydria:dk .Kkdjla ta i|yd fijk ÿKs' úydria:dk wkdrlaIs;

jkúg wfma ys;ñ;=re frdIdkaf.a u.fmkaùu hgf;a l,l isg oek

ye¢k isá cQâ,d,a msh;=ud yuqjqfkñ' Tyq ta Èkj, ^1990& ls;=Kq oyu

i|yd úuqla;s foajO¾uh y÷kajd§fï W;aidyhl kshe,S isá nqoaêu;a

olaI ;reK mQcl;=fula úh' uOHu weueßldfõ ̂ 1950-70& w;r" m%p,s;

jQ —Tiald frdfuhsfrda˜f.a úuqla;s foajO¾ufha (LIBERATION

THEOLOGY) mokï y÷kd.kakg ud yg thska yelshdj ,eìKs' tlS

msßia miqj ol=Kq yd uOHu weueßldkq m%foaYj, jdudxYsl úma,jhkaf.a

;Srl n,fõ.h njg m;aúh' we;af;kau frdaudkq lf;da,sl ,;ska

f;jeks È.yereu

uu is;ñ" ta ksid uu mj;sñ

56

rgj, isÿjk fï iudc fjkialu .ek ie,ls,su;a jQ tlai;a ckmoh

ta i|yd Wmdhka folla fhÿfõh' tlla kï ÿ.shka i|yd Wmldr

lsÍug iafõÉPd ixúOdk cd,hla ìyslsÍuh' fï i|yd uQ,sl wdNdIh

bkaÈhdfõ yd ,xldfõ i¾fjdaoh jeks iudc ixúOdkj,ska ,nd.eksKs'

úfoaY wdOdr ,nk rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk udÈ,sh thska Wm; ,eìKs'

iudc wiykhka mqmqrd fkdhjd mSvkhka msglr md,kh lsÍu tajdfha

wruqK úh' fojeks Wmdh jQfha ixúOdkd;aul m,a,sh fjkqjg mqoa.,

weoys,a, f.ktauh' fmka;fldia; m%pdrlhska oi oyia .Kkla fï

m%foaYj,g heùfï m%;sM,h jQfha ck;dj uOH lf;da,sl m,a,sh

w;yer l=vd tjekac,sl m,a,s jgd frdlaùuh' ,;ska weueßldfõ

we;sfjñka .sh úuqla;s foaj O¾uh yd ne÷Kq ÿ.S úma,jh md,kh

flrefKa ta f,ih'

cQâ,d,a msh;=ud úuqla;s foajO¾uh wkql%ufhka fou< cd;sjdohg uqiq

lf<ah' thska Tyq yd wm w;r" .egqï yg.;af;ah' 2002 jif¾ fld<U §

we;s jQ fmdx.= ;ñ,a .egqfï yßueo isáfha Tyqh' Tyq oeka úfoaY.;j

isà' Tyq ug lf;da,slhka w;r" iqúfYaIS pß;hla y÷kajd ÿkafkah' ta

Tiald wfír;ak msh;=udh' t;=ud o 1971 § úma,jjd§ woyia ord m,a,sh

úiska" fldkalrk ,oafols' t;=udf.a m%Yxidrdufha Èk .Kkdjla ud

/§ isá w;r" uy;a jákd fmd;a .=,l irK ,nkakg o yelsúh'

u¾is,ska chfldä msh;=ud fukau Tiald wfír;ak msh;=ud yd

t;=udf.a msßjr isxy,lu;a" fn!oaOlu;a flf¾ f.!rjhla oelajQy'

miqj isxy, fldñiu ̂ 1997& msysgq jQ úg thg idlaIs §ug;a bÈßm;a jQy'

isxy, ni" idys;Hh" .S; l,dj fuka cd;sljdoh i|yd;a Tiald

wfír;ak msh;=udf.a ls;= ok—mqnqÿj— o we;=<;aj fndfyda ls;=Kqjka

fiajh lr we;snj o lsj hq;=h'

w;eï mgq woyia iys; msßia ug uv.eiSu i|yd ks;ru mqnqÿj yd wm

w;r" we;s iïnkaOh fhdod .;ay' lf;da,sl T;a;=lrejka f,i l,la

wmj yxjvq .eiQ we;eï NslaIQka jykafia,d miqj ìfIdma ukaÈrfha

odkh j<|k ;;a;ajhg o m;ajQ nj fkdlsjukdh' we;eï c'ú'fm

kdhlfhda" ud újdyjQfha mqnqÿfõ ls;=Kq l;la iu. nj lshd m%isoaO

mqj;am;aj,g ,sõfjdah' ta ms<sn|j kvqu.g f.dia uf.a ìß| fn!oaO nj

Tmamqlr ñ,shk 20l jkaÈhla c'ú'fm z,xldZ mqj;am;ska ,nd.kakg

mjd ug isÿúh' fïjd bÈßfha ud fkdie¨fKa uäfya uykdhl ysñhka

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


57

iy fikr;a mrKú;dk Y+Íkaf.a mjqf,a wh ls;=Kqjka nj lshd uv

.ikakg mjd msßia isá ksidh' wfma cd;sl kdhlhskag fujeks uv

m%ydr t,a, lrkd tla;rd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhl kdhlfhl= jrla

b;d,sfha § ug yuqúh' ,xldfõ§ froao nekshu ye|f.k isxy," cd;sl

kdhlhskaf.a mjq,a úfõpkh lrkd Tyq mQ¾K hqfrdamSh we÷u ye|

frdauhg f.dia isáfha m,a,sfhka wdOdr tl;= lrkakghæ' rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk .ek úfõpkh lr úl,amh o" ;uka úiskau

f.dvke`.Sug ;rï we;eïúg ngysr n,fõ. iQlaIu fj;s' —wegueiaid—

kï iqm%lg lD;sfha l;dkdhlhd mqj;am;lg mlaIj yd úmlaIj o ,sms

,shQ wdldrhgu fuh isÿfõ' fï l+G mqoa., pß; tlska tl

y÷kd.kakg ,eîu uu ,enQ f,dl=u w;aoelSula f,i i,lñ'

nqÿ oyu ms<sn|j idudkH wjfndaOhlska isá uf.a oelau cd;sl Ñka;k

m%jdofha lreKq úuiSfuka miq mq¿,a úh' kuq;a tys od¾Yksl oelau uf.a

isrer yd uki ;=<g uq,a nei.;af;a wd¾'Ô' o tia fj;a;uqKs uy;d

úiska" ,shk ,o —nqÿ oyu" úoHdj yd iu úiu jk whqre— yd nqÿoyu yd

meje;afï wiaÒr;ajh (Buddhism and Ambiguity of Existence) kï

lD;s fol lshùfuks' f,dalfha fndfyda o¾Ykhka idrhla" wd;auhla"

h:d¾:hla" foúfhla fyda tjeks hula we;ehs hkak mQ¾j ks.ukhla

f,i .;a; o nqÿ oyu th iyuq,skau m%;slafIam lr ish o¾Ykh

f.dvkxjd we;s nj tlS lD;sj,ska meyeÈ,s úh' tfukau úoHdj kñka

wms y÷kd.kakd l%shdoduh yd nqÿ oyu i;Hh fidhd hk ud¾.h

ms<sn|j o ukd újrKhla tu`.ska iemhsks' fndfyda .=reka irK .sh o

ug i;Hh iyuq,ska mila jQfha fj;a;uqks uy;d ksidh' ta uy;dg;a ta

uy;d .ek ug lshdÿka fmardfoKsfha chka; whshdg;a fndfyda

mskafoñ'

,xldfõ cúfm le/,a, mrdch ùu;a iu.u mdfya fidaúhÜ foaYfha ì|

jeàu o ̂ 1989& isÿúh' uq¿ fldñhqksiaÜ f,dalhu ì| jegqKq w;r" Ökh"

úhÜkduh wdÈh fiñka" fiñka fjf<|fmd< l%uhg wkqj¾;kh

fjñka meje;sKs' fï ;;a;ajh ,xldfõ jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg o ta Èkj,

;Èka oeksKs' f.d¾nfpdõ úiska y÷kajdÿka —fmfriaf;%dhsld˜ kï

ixl,amh .ek ixjdo lsÍu i|yd ixjdo uKav,hla úoaj;=ka lSm

fofkl= úiska f.dvkxjd ;sìKs' th ixúOdkh lrkakg uydpd¾h

w¾cqk fidhsid uQ,sl úh' Tyq fyd| ukila fukau fyd| yoj;la o ysñ

58

.=K.rel nqoaêuf;l= úh' tlS ixjdo uKavmj,g yeÍ wNh.=Kj¾Ok"

fy' Ys%hdkkao" úl%undyq lreKdr;ak" k,ska o is,ajd jeks wh iyNd.s

jQy' fï whf.a ixjdo fj;ska uu fkdfhla lreKq Wf.k .;sñ'

úfYaIfhka yeÍ wNh.=Kj¾Okhkaf.a f,aLkj,ska iudcjdofha ;j;a

me;sudkhla oel .;sñ' Tyqf.a ;¾lh jQfha ishü Ôúka rxpq jYfhka

iduqysl jYfhka hefmkd nj;a" Ôj;ajk nj;ah' ñksid o ÈhqKq

Ôúfhls' tfyhska Tyqg jvd úêu;a ia:djr iduQysl Ôú;hla ,nd.;

yelsh hkakh'

wfma rfÜ iudch ;=< iudcjdoh yd udlaiajdoh tlu were;ska

fhdod.kS' kuq;a th b;du jerÈ ks.ukhls' udlaiag fmr isá fndfyda

hqfrdamSh iudcjd§ka tlaflda mrd¾:lduh" ñksia hy.=Kh wd.ñl

iuQy Ñka;kh u; fyda Ôj" udkj jd§ ,l=Kq u; iudcjdoh fyd|u

iudcl%uh f,i ks¾foaY lf<dah' ,xldfõ o fndfyda iudcjd§ka

wh;ajkafka m<uq .Khgh' kuq;a udlaia Tjqkag ks.%y lf<a

—ufkdardðlhka˜ f,ih' udlaiag wkqj ksIamdokh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï

ixj¾Okh Okjdohg l< fkdyels jk jljdkqjl ta i|yd iudcjdoh

w;HjYH fjhs' Tyq th úoHd;aul iudcjdoh f,i kï lf<ah'

udlaiajdoh ,xldjg meñKs uq,a wjia:dfõ úoHd,xldrfha j,afmd,

rdyq, ysñ" Wvlekaofj, irKxlr ysñ" ud¾áka úl%uisxy jeks uyd

m%d{hska mjd udlaiajdohg ji`.jqfKa tys i|yka iduQysl iudch"

nqÿrcdKka jod< idx>sl iudchu kùK wdldrhg .ekSula f,i

is;dh' fuhg mgyeks u;hla oerEfõ hlalvqfõ ysñhka muKs'

Wkajykafiaf.a u;h jQfha nqÿ oyñka oeuqKq is;a we;sj Tjqfkdjqka

iu. mfrdamldrfhka ne÷Kq Od¾ñl iudch udlaiaf.a nvq NdKavj,ska

ne÷Kq iudchg jvd Wiia iudcjdohla njh' hlalvqfõ ysñhka fukau

w§k u;hla wfma NdIdj .ek m<lf<a l=udr;=x. uqKsodihka úisks'

isxy,h wd¾h NdIdjla f,i uelaiauq,¾f.a j¾.SlrKhka Tiafia wfma

úoaj;=ka oel mqreÿ wjia:djl" isxy, ni wd¾h - øúv wd§ l=,lj,g

oeñh fkdyels wkkH nila nj fy<s fmfy<s lf<a l=udr;=x.hkah'

tfyhska nqoaêuh wd§k;ajh úiska fï fofokdu iqúfYaIS mqoa.,hska

fj;s' by; lS wre;aj,g fjkia jQ wre;la iudcjdoh i|yd uu

tlalf<ñ' ta 1990 § rÑ; —ixj¾Okfha ;=kajeks hduh— kï lD;sh

u.sks' thska lshjqfKa f,dalfha iïm;a iSñ; ùu;a" mßirhg ¥IKh

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


59

Wlyd.; yels m%udKh iSud iys; ùu;a ksid wmßñ; ixj¾Okhla

we;slr.; fkdyels njh' fï ksid j;auka mrmqr w;r;a" u;= mrmqr

iu.;a mßir iïm;a iSud iys;j fnod yod.; yels iudc l%uhla f,i

kj iudcjdohla - ûd th kïlf<a yß; iudcjdoh f,isks& - wjYH

nj lSfjñ' fuh jeä jeäfhka ixj¾Okh b,a,k udlaiajd§

iudcjdohg mgyeks m%jdohla f,i bÈß;a lf<ñ' bka jir 19 lg miq

ug fmkS hkafka th oeka oeka fl;rï m%fhdackj;a m%dfhda.sl u;hla

o hkakh' 2009 jif¾ § khsfrdaì k.rfha meje;a jQ (UNEP) tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a iuq¿fõ§ bÈßm;a jQ yß; wd¾Ólh ms<sn| kHdh m;%fha wvx.=

jQfha tjka fnod yod.kakd wd¾Ólhl Pdhd ud;%hls' miqj uu fï

ms<sn|j tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mßir jevigyfka úOdhl wlSï iaghsk¾

iu. idlÉPd lf<ñ' Tyq ug lSfõ yß; wd¾Ólhla ms<sn| uQ,sl

l;sldj ieliqfKa fâúâ msh¾ia" wks,a u¾lkaod" tâj¾â nd¾ìh¾

úiska rÑ; yß; wd¾Ól úoHdj (BLUE PRINT FOR A GREEN

ECONOMY - 1989) kï lD;sh u.ska" njhs' jydu fmd;ay,g f.dia

Tjqkaf.a ta l=vd fmd; ñ, § .;sñ' th lsheùfuka uu uú;hg

m;ajqfkñ' Tjqka .ek ydxlúishla fkdoek f,dalfha fjk;au uq,a,l

isg ud rÑ; lD;sfha;a" Tjqkf.a o¾Ykfha yd mj;sk ;;a;ajh ms<sn|

úfõpkfha;a" mqÿudldr iudk njla ;sìKs' flfia fj;;a" yß;

wd¾Ólh ms<sn| kQ;kjd§ lD;shla fkdue;s lfï wvqj uu ÿáñ' yß;

wreK ( TOWARDS A NEW GREEN ERA ) lD;sh ks¾udKh lf<a ta

wkqjh' th cd;slj;a cd;Hka;rj;a fndfyda mßirfõ§ka yd

foaYmd,lhskag fhduq lf<ñ' fndfyda úoaj;=ka lSfõ ;srir ixj¾Okh

yd yß; wd¾Ólh w;r" w¾:§fï fjki Tjqka y÷kd.;af;a tlS l=vd

lD;sfhka njh'

w¾cqk fidhsid uy;df.a wdrdOkfhka úYaj úoHd, wOHdmkh ksu

ùfuka miq ^1992& uu újD; úYaj úoHd,fha bxðfkare .Ks; wxYhg

ne÷fkñ' ta foaYlfhl= yd WmfoaYlfhl= f,ihs' ud uQ,sl jYfhka

W.ekajQfha bxðfkare .Ks;hhs' wfYdal wNh.=Kj¾Okf.a u.

fmkaùu hgf;a úoHd;aul Ñka;kh foig keUqre jQfhñ' w¾cqk

fidhsid uy;d miqj tlS úIh ms<sn| j.lSï o ud fj; fhduq lf<ah'

ta Èkj, újD; úYaj úoHd,fha .Ks; wxYfha wdpd¾h úl%undyq

lreKdr;ak o fiajh lf<ah' fndfyda Èkj, udlaiajdoh .ek Tyq iu.

60

újdoj, meg¨fkñ' w¾cqk fidhsid uy;d túg wm w;r" újdohla

ixúOdkh lf<ah' tys m%;sM,h jQfha udlaiajdoh ms<sn| uf.a oekqu ;j

;j;a ixúê; ùu;a thg mgyeks u;jdoh ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a ùu;ah'

m%d.aOkh" fidndoyfï ohf,la;slh" vQßka úfrdaOh wd§ udlaia yd

tx.,aia ,shQ lD;Ska .Kkdjla tlS újdoh ksid ud yg lshjkakg

isÿúh' ug tlS ixjdofha § ye`.S .sfha wfma fndfyda udlaiajd§

nqoaêu;=ka udlaiajdoh fndfyda .eUqßka yodrd ke;s njh' tys fldgia

yodrd we;s njh'

jrla wm úYaj úoHd,fha isákd ld,fha ^1985& wfma YsIH kdhlhd jQ

;s,lisß .d,a,f.af.ka wfma jif¾ isá ;shqKq YsIHfhl= jQ Woh b÷ks,a

m%Yakhla weiqfõh' th kï Tn udlaiajdÈfhl= ù we;af;a wehs lshdh'

.d,a,f.a f.a ms<s;=r jQfha th úoHd;aul ksid hkakh' úoHdj lshkafka

l=ula o lshd b÷ks,a weiqfõh' thg .d,a,f.a ÿka ms<s;=r jQfha isoaOdka;

- ks.ukh - mÍlaIKh - idOkh hk úoHd;aul l%ufõoh wkqj

ìyslrk isoaOdka; moaO;sh lshdh' b;ska udlaiajd§ isoaOdka;h

mÍlaIKhlska Tmamq ù ;sfíoehs b÷ks,a fmr<d weiqfõh' .d,a,f.a ÿka

ms<s;=r ug oeka u;l ke;' b÷ks,a miq lf,l Èú kid .;af;ah'

ñhhk úg Tyq we,afnhd leuq" idf;%a jeks idxoDIaÀl jdÈfhla yd

mßir jdÈfhla njg m;aj isáfhah' kuq;a Tyq weiQ m%Yak udlaiajd§kag

kï nrm;, m%Yak fjhs'

úoHdj yd úoHd;aul Ñka;kh .ek pe,au¾ia" ld¾,a fmdm¾" fmda,a

fmh¾nkaâ" f;dauia l+ka" wd§kaf.a uQ,sl lD;Ska lshjQfhñ' tys § ug

fmkS .sfha isoaOdka;j,ska wkdjels lSu - ^ks.ukldÍ& fyda

w;aoelSïj,ska isoaOdka; ;ekSu - ^Woa.ukldÍ& wd§ f,i mej;=Kq

me/Ks úoHd;aul l%ufõohkag jvd w;sYh ixlS¾K f,i ngysr

f,dalfha oekqu tla/ia ù we;s njh' fldákau oekqu tla/ia lsÍu

i|yd ksYaÑ; l%shdud¾.hla ke;s nj;a" oekqu mjd ksYaÑ; ke;s nj;a"

l%ufhka i;Hh lrd hkjd hkak úldrhla nj;a" thska ug fmkS

.sfhah' uf.a is;a .;af;a iqiquo¾Yh (Paradigm) ms<sn| f;dauia l+kaf.a

isoaOdka;hhs' f,dal oelaula u; mokï jQ jákdlï moaO;shla

we;sùu;a" tlS moaO;sh we;=<; úúO l=vd l=vd isoaOdka; rduQka

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


61

we;sùu;a thska meyeÈ,s flßKs' úfYaIfhkau fuys§ ksrfmalaI

wjldYh yd ld,h" jia;+ka u; mokï jQ ksõfgdakshdkq iqiquo¾Yh yd

whskaiaghskshdkq iqiqu o¾Yh idlÉPd úh' fN!;sl úoHdfõ u;= jQ fï

iqiquo¾Yh ms<sn| woyi ixj¾Okh yd iudcl%uhka ú.%y lrkakg

miqj uu fhdod .;af;ñ' fuh uúiska rÑ; —idfmlaId˜ ̂ 1994& lD;sfha

úia;r lrk ,§'

ta Èkj, w¾cqk fidhsid uy;d;a uu;a lSm úgla od¾Yksl ixjdo i|yd

fmardfoKshg .sfhuq' fmardfoKs o¾Yk wxYfha .=Kmd, O¾uisß" vhia

.=Kr;ak" mS'ã' fm%auisß jeks uydpd¾hjre tys§ wmg yuqúh' ta

idlÉPdj,ska o¾Ykfha uQ,sl m%Yak ms<sn|j;a nqÿ oyfï ta ms<sn|j we;s

ú.%y ms<sn|j;a ixhqla; oekqula ug ,eìKs' fya.,a" ldkaÜ yd yshqï

.eUqßka yodrkakg ug yelshdj ,eìKs' o¾Ykfha uQ,sl m%Yakh wfma

bkaøShkag oefkkd" w;aoelSula lr.; yels f,dalhg jvd fjk;a

f,dalhla ;sfío@ tfiakï th mj;sk nj wm oek.;af;a flfiao

hkak f,i y÷kd.;sñ'

fï ld,fha Èfkl pß; fyar;a úiska" ud yg m%sáfcda*a lmard úiska"

rÑ; —fN!;sl úoHdfõ ;dfjda jdoh˜ (TAO OF PHYSICS ) lD;sh

,ndÿkafkah' th lshùfuka buy;a wdYajdohla ,nd.;af;ñ'

miqj Tyq úiska" rÑ; b;sydifha ikaêia;dkh ( TURNING POINT )

yd yß; foaYmd,kh ms<sn| lD;Ska o lshùñ' fN!;sl úoHdfõ .eUqre

m%Yak l,d;aul f,i kjl;djla f,i rpkd lrkakg Tyqg ;snQ wmQre

yelshdj ms<sn| ;ju;a uu mqÿu fjñ'

lmard úiska' mqnqÿjk ,o is;=ú,s wkqj hñka fN!;sl úoHdfõ isoaOdka;

.eUqßka yodrkakg jQfhñ' ud Wiia fm< fN!;sl úoHd m%Yak m;%hg

ms<s;=re fo;a § tla;rd m%Yakhlska wid ;snQ pqïNl i%djh ms<sn|

.eg¨jlg ysrjqfkñ' tjlg ud W.;a wdldrhg úoHQ;a fyda pqïNl

m%Yak tajd wjldYfha we;s l=vd wxY= f,i ie,lSfuka fyda wjldYfha

me;sÍ .sh i%djhka f,i ie,lSfuka fyda úi¢h yels fjhs' by; lS

.eg¨j fï fohdldrfhkau úi£ug ud W;aidy l< o th wid¾:l úh'

fï .ek .=rejrekaf.ka ,;a ms<s;=reo ud iEySulg m;a fkdlf<ah'

62

miqj ud oek.;af;a úoHQ;a pqïNlfha we;eï .=Kdx. tajd wxY= f,i

.ekSfuka o we;eï .=Kdx. tajd ;rx. f,i .ekSfuka o úi¢h yels

njh' ta fol ieuúgu tlla njg m;al< fkdyels nj;ah' ud Wiia

fm< § úi|kakg .sfha whskaiaghska yd fnda¾ wd§ka úiska oYl .Kkla

újdo l< wo olajd mj;sk wxY= - ;rx. újdohhs' ug fyda uf.a

.=rejrekag thg ms<s;=re fkdmej;Su .ek oekakï ug lsisu

lk.dgqjla ke;' kuq;a ta .eg¨fõ tÍ isàu ksid ug fN!;sl úoHd

W;a;r m;%fha fiiq m%Yak úi£ug ld,hla fkdùu .ek kï ;ju;a

lk.dgqjla we;'

Wiia fm< .Ks;h ud yg b.ekajQ fikaokdhl uy;d;a fN!;sl úoHdj

b.ekajQ f.%.ß m%kdkaÿ uy;d;a hk fofokdf.kau ud weiQ m%Yakhla

úh' tkï fïihg .i;a§ wfma w;g oefkkd —fN!;sl n,h— .=re;ajh

iïnkaOfhka wmg fkdoefkkafka wehs@ lshdh' ta fofokdu ug lSfõ

tlS n, fofla lsisu fjkila ke;s njh' fikaokdhl uy;d ug miqj

lSfõ m%Yakh nrm;, tlla nj;a" th fkdis;d .Kka yokd f,i;ah'

jir oyhlg miq fï ms<sn|j fidhd h;a§ ug fN!;sl úoHdfõ isá

fY%aIaG;u od¾Ykslhd yuqúh' Tyq ksõgka fyda fâld¾Ü fyda

whskaiaghska fkdj w¾kiaÜ udlah'

udla b;d ksjerÈ od¾Yksl m%Yak lSmhla weiqfõh' wfma ñKqï

udmlj,g - fkdoefkk f,i ld,h fyda wjldYh mj;So@ wfma

bkaøshhkag fkdoefkk f,i jia;= mj;So@ mj;Skï tajd wm

oek.kafka flfiao@

udla ks¾NS; f,i lSfõ wfma bkaøShkag" WmlrKj,g fkdoefkk

ld,hla" wjldYhla fyda jia;= fkdmj;sk njh' thska ksjqgkaf.a

f,dalh wNsfhda. flßKs' whskaiaghska ld,h yd wjldYh ms<sn| ;snQ

udlaf.a u;jdoh .Ks;hg;a m%dfhda.sl;ajhg;a f.kwdfõh' kS,aia

fnda¾ - yhsikan¾.a jekakka jia;=j, meje;au bkaøSkag - WmlrKj,g

idfmalaI nj .Ks;hg yd m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKj,g f.kwdfõh'

iqm%isoaO whskaiaghska - fnda¾ újdoh ;ju;a mj;S' fndfyda fofkla

fkdokakjdg whskaiaghska uejqïldr foúhka yd foaj ie,eiau úYajdi

l< fyd| hqfoõfjl= úh' th hï ÿrlg wNsfhda. lf<a kS,aiafnda¾ yd

Tyqf.a fldamkafya.ka od¾Yksl .=rel=,h úisks'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


63

idfmalaI;d jdoh yd lajkagï hdka;%Kfha we;s h:d¾:h ms<sn|

;;a;ajh ú.%y lrñka uu Y%dia;S%h ,smshla - lajkagï h:d¾:h

(Quantum Reality) kñka m<lf<ñ' thg wu;rj wfma mdi,a

orejkaf.a Wkkaÿj Wfoid úÿir i`.rdjg ,sms ud,djla imqu,a

fiakdkdhl kñka ,shd m< lf<ñ' úoHd;aul f,dalfha jdo újdo

ms<sn|j Wf.kSfuka ud ,o oekqu yd wdYajdoh fnod .ekSug;a

jeäÿrg;a ta oekqu ixúê; lr .ekSug;a thska ug yelsúh' miqj fï

,sms fm< —lajkagdjl ksjk˜ kï lD;shla f,i ilia l<o th m<l<

fkdyels úh'

l=vdl, isg hï úIhhla ms<sn| bf.kSfuka miq ta ms<sn| ,sùu" wka

whg bf.kaùu uf.a ms<sfj; úh' Wiia fm<g bf.k .kakd ld,fha §

uf.a mka;s ldur i.hskag ijiajrefõ .Kka bf.kaùu uf.a úfkdaoh

úh' tu.ska úIfha .eUqre ;eka ms<sn| w¨;a wjfndaOhla ud fj;

,eìKs' úYaj úoHd,fha§ o wkqkg b.ekaùfuka ta f,iu úfkdaohla yd

wjfndaOhla ,nd.;sñ' wm W.kajkafka wfma u;lh o ke;akï wfma

woyia o lshd ;ukg ielhla we;ehs jrla ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,s m%ldY lr

;sìKs' ud is;kafka wms W.kajkafka wkqkaf.a oekqu wfma f,i

.ekSfuka ;kd.;a kj woyila njhs' fldákau oekqu ms<sn| wfma

lshùu njhs' th wfma isiqka Wlyd .kafka o Tjqkaf.a fohla f,i

njhs'

uf.a oekqu o¾Ykh" úoHdj" wd¾Ólh" mßirh" iudch" foaYmd,kh

hk lafIa;%j, tla;rd mßK; wjia:djlg meñKs l< uu kj lD;shla

lf<ñ' thg —idfmalaId— f,i kï ;enqfjñ' fidndoyu lsisÿ

isoaOdka;hlg wkqj l%shd fkdlrk nj;a" tys we;sjk rgd wfma

oekqfuka ks¾udKh jk nj;a" meyeÈ,s lf<ñ' ñksia iudch yqÿ ñksia

wd;aóh ks¾udKhla nj;a" th ta ksidu iajNdj oyug jvd fjkia f,i

yeisfrk nj;a we;eïúg Í;sj,g hg;aj yeisfrk nj;a" ^th ñksia

ks¾udKhla ksid& tfukau tys yeisÍï wkdjelsj,ska lsj fkdyels

nj;a" m%ldY lf<ñ' udlaiajdoh fyda ngysr rgj, tk isoaOdka;jdoh

fuka f,dalh ;ks tl isoaOdka;hlg .; fkdyels nj" f,dalh wfma

bkaøshhkag ukig" oekqug" wjg iudchg" mßir moaO;shg" úYaj

in|;dj,g idfmalaI nj;a tys yrh úh' udlaiajd§ - ,snr,ajd§

64

wd¾Ólh ixj¾Ok Ñka;kh wdÈh ms<sn| úfõpkhla o thg we;=<;a

úh'

fï mdßißl o¾Ykh Tiafia tla jQ wms lKavdhula 1992 § —ck;d

ñ;=frda˜ msysgqjQfhuq' w;=r,sfha r;k ysñ" ud,sl úu,iQßh" wfYdal

wNh.=Kj¾Ok yd ud tys uQ,slfhda jQfhuq' NSIKfhka ysßjegqKq

iudch fj;g ks,a wyi yd m<djka ìu ms<sn| w¨;a woyila iu. wms

.uka lf<uq' th wm ye¢kajQfha m%{dj frdo n¢k ;K m; o l;d

lrkd foaYmd,khla f,ih'

ck;d ñ;=frda f.dvke.Sfï § wE; yïnkaf;dg ùrleáfha ckl

nKavdrf.a înr.uqj wdKavqldr& ksji;a" w;=r,sfha r;k ysñhkaf.a

ud;r m,a,suq,a, wdkkaodrduh;a" wfYdal wNh.=Kj¾Okhkaf.a

ynrd¥fõ me/Ks ksji;a" úfYaIfhka nkaÿ, pkaøfialrhkaf.a

r;a;kmsáh ksji;a uQ,sl úh' nkaÿ,f.a udud oeä m%;sm;a;s.rel

udlaiajdÈfhl= jQ w;r" Tyqf.a wkq.dñlfhda fyd| mqia;ld,hla yd

uqøKd,hla mj;ajdf.k .shy' fï fol;a Tyqf.ka ,enqKq /ljrKh;a

uq,a hq.fha wfma Ôú; wjYH;d bgqlr,Sug iu;a jQ nj wo;a

isyslrkafka lD;{mQ¾jljh'

zck;d ñ;=frdaZ msysgqùu;a iu. wms úYaj úoHd,j, isiqka iu. kj

ixjdohlg .sfhuq' wfma iïm%dma;sh iu. ta jkúg ;ek ;ek kej;

tl;= fjñka isá c'ú'fm ldvrhska l,n,hg m;aúh' kuq;a Tjqka

fndfyduhla isáfha rcfha yd jdudxYsl ikakoaO l,a,sj,g ìfhks'

fldákau 1990-91 jljdkqfõ úYaj úoHd,j, YsIH iNd i|yd

bÈßm;aùug;a lsisfjla fkdisáhy' fldDcqju

iajdëk YsIH ix.ufha m%pKav n,h b;sÍ f.dia ;sìKs' .=á lñka" rdcH

u¾okhg uqyqK foñka YsIH iNd kej; l%shdldÍ lf<a wmh'

úfYaIfhka 1983 § ;ykï lr 1985 § wfydaislr" 1988 § kej; Èkd.;a

YsIH iNd l%shdldÍ l<hq;= nj wfma wêIaGdkh úh' thg fya;= folla

úh' m<uqjekak rch iu`. idlÉPdj,§ ^1988& kj YsIH iNd mk;

flgqïm;a lf<a wm lSmfofkl= úisks' tajd l%shd;aul lr,Su tfyhska

wfma j.lSula úh' wksla w;g ks, wdh;k wl%Sh jqjfyd;a kej;;a YsIH

l%shdldÍ lñgq yryd ks, fkdjk" YsIHhskag j. fkdlshk foaYmd,k

ldvr úiska" kgjk wdh;k we;sfõ hehs wms ìhùuq' c'ú'fmg wjYHj

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


65

;snqfKa ks,jrK ke;s tjeks wdh;khs' wfma W;aidyh id¾:l úh'

fndfyda úYajúoHd, ks,jrK iys;j YsIH iNd msysgqjd .;ay' ;ukg

YsIH n,h md,kh l< fkdyels nj ÿgq c'ú'fm ldv¾jre tlS YsIH

iNdj,g fmdÿ YsIHhka f,i ßx.d .;ay' c'ú'fm fyñysg ish

m%;sixúOdk lghq;= i|yd ux., iurùr;a uõ fmruqK;a fhdod.;a

w;r" tys iu ixúOdhl jQ uyskao rdcmlaI iu. È.ska È.gu .egqï

we;slr.;ay' ck;d ñ;=frda m%cd;ka;%jd§ wjldYh mqrdjd,kq we;ehs

ìhg m;a cúfm ish újD; lghq;= o fõ.j;a lf<ah' wjidkfha Tjqkg

wdOdr ,enqfKa Tjqka u¾okh l< hQtkamS wdKavqfjkauh' t<efUk

uyd ue;sjrKfha § ^1994& yd ckdêm;sjrKfha § cúfm Pkao fmdÿ

fmruqKg tlaùu je<elaùu i|yd c'ú'fm lr,shg .ekSug hQ'tka'mS

wdKavqjg o wjYH;djhla we;s ù ;sìKs' m%.;sYS,S fmruqK tys m%;sM,h

úh'

ck;d ñ;=frda úiska uQ,sl jYfhka ,xld foaYmd,kfha yrj;a

fjkila we;slrk ,È' thkï mßir ys;ldó —yß; foaYmd,kh—

uq,ajrg y÷kajd §uhs' iqmqreÿ mßÈ wmg úfõpkh wdfõ udlaiajdofhks'

c'ú'fmka 1971 § ì¢.sh ck;d ix.ufha idudðlhka úiska mj;ajdf.k

.sh —Èhei— i`.rdj tys,d wmj oeä f,i úfõpkh lf<ah' th wmg

Wmldrhlau úh' udlaiajd§ ohf,la;slfha iSudj yd hdka;%sl jdoh"

udlaiajd§ wd¾Ól úoHdfõ iSud yd Y%u iQrdlEug jvd mßir iQrdlEu

n,j;a nj fmkaùu" udlaiajd§ iudc ixj¾Ok kHdfha fnd<|lu"

wid¾:l lu yd mka;s igfka úlD;Ska fmkakd §ug wmg yelsúh'

hqf.daia,dõ od¾Yksl ð,dia lS whqre ro,hska yd f.dúhka .efg;a §"

Okm;Ska fmrg wd whqßka Okm;Ska yd lïlrejka .efg;a §

jD;a;Shfõ§ka n,h meyer .ekSu ms<sn| újdohka o we;súh'

úfYaIfhka mßir ys;ldó ;dlaIKh ms<sn| uQ,O¾uhka" mßir

ys;ldó f.dú;ek ms<sn| uQ,O¾uhka" rdcH ixúOdkh ms<sn| kj

uQ,O¾uhka y÷kajd §ug wmg yelsúh' cmka cd;sl mql=hdflda ,shQ

msÿre .il úma,jh (One straw revolution) lD;sh isxy,g fhdod

.ksñka ridhksl fmdfydr" lDñ fyda j,a kdYl ke;s f.dú ;ek

ms<sn| ud ,shQ ,sms fm< Èjhsk nodod ix.%yfha w;sYhska ckm%sh úh'

úYaj úoHd,j," ta jkúg YS>%fhka me;sr .sh rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdkj," .ïj," úydria:dk wdY%s;j wd§ ;ekaj, /§ isá foaYmd,k

66

Wkkaÿj iys; fndfyda ;reK yd jeäysá msßia w;r wfma u;h il%Shj

f.khkakg yelsúh' uq,§ flfia fj;;a" oYlhlg muK miq Tjqka

l%ufhka wfma u;jdoj,g msúiqKq nj miqj ug fmkS .sfhah' cj

iïmkak ;reK nqoaêu;=ka msßila ldvrh f,i Èkd.kakg wmg

yelsúh'

1990-91 jljdkqj YS>% f,i rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jHdma; jQ ld,hla

úh' fm%auodi md,kh ngysr f,dalh iu. m%Yak ;kdf.k ;snqfKah'

fm%auodif.a ks¾m%N+ ¨ïmka iudc lKavdhu hQtkamSfha iïm%odhsl m%N+

mka;sfhka fjkaù jefvkakg úh' rkacka úfÊr;ak ñh hEu;a" ,,s;a -

.dñKs le/,a,;a úiska fm%auodi ngysr f,dalh bÈßfha yqol,d úh'

udkj ysñlï" m%cd;%ka;jdoh" udOH ksoyi" mßirh iq/lSu" wd.ñl

iu.sh wdÈh Tiafia y;= msfmkakd fia rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

ìysjkakg úh' úmlaIhg jvd bÈßfhka fï ixúOdk isg.;af;ah' fuh

fmda,ka;h yd kef.kysr hqfrdamfha fldñhqksiaÜ md,khka ì|

oeófï§ o w;ayodn,d id¾:l jQ ngysr Wmdhls' fm%auodig /yeksj isá

fndfyda jduxYslhka oek fyda fkdoek fï cd;Hka;r tka'Ô'´ cd,hg

yiqjQ w;r" wka lsis /lshdjlg yelshdjla fkdjQfhka tajdfhau mQ¾K

fiajlhska njg B,`. jgfha§ yiqjQy' tka'Ô'´' cd,h rfÜ u;jdo

yiqrejk fjku n, cd,hla njg m;aúh'

yß; foaYmd,khla ms<sn| od¾Yksl m%jdohka bÈßhg f.k .sh o

iudcfha§ wmg isÿjQfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ksoyi fjkqfjka igka

lsÍugh' we;eñ udliajd§ka wmg fpdaokd lf<a mßirh iq/lSu pdï

ir< Ôú; jeks igka mdGj,ska wfma f,dalfha ixj¾Okh wek ysgjd

ngysr Okm;s f,dalhgu ta iïm;a ál;a ,nd§ug wm l%shdlrkd njhs'

tfukau m%cd;ka;%jd§ m%Yakj,ska wms ÿria: njhs' fï ksid blauKskau

wfma ndysr uqyqK; udkj ysñlï yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh Èkd.ekSu njg

m;aúh' urd oukq ,enQjkaf.a wd;auhka hqla;sh b,a,d isá w;r" th

wmf.a wd;aóh j.lSu njg m;aúh' wms fm%auodi m<jdyeÍfï

m%cd;ka;%jd§ wr.,hg tlajqfkuq'

fm%auodi mekakSu i|yd foaYmd,k jevms<sfj<la ;sfnk nj ug

uq,skau oekqï ÿkafka rdjfha iqks,a chfialrh' ^1991& thska uu

wukaodkkaohg m;ajqfkñ' rkacka úfÊr;ak ñh .shod wfma

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


67

fkajdisld.drj, m%S;s W;aij meje;aúKs' le/,af,ka miq úYaj úoHd,

újD; l<úg ljqfoda wfma mka;s ldurj, —rkacka Tng ;=;s— " Thank

you Ranjan" lshd ,shd ;sîu .ek we;s jQ m%fldamh;a thska msgù .sfhah'

cúfm úiska isrlr ;snQ tla YsIH lKavdhula rkackag ryfia wdYs¾jdo

l< w;r" ;j;a msßila Tyqg ffjr lrñka isá nj thska fmkS .sfhah'

rkackaf.a urKfhka miq fm%auodi m%N+ mka;sh iu. f.k.sh iu;=,s;

nj wjika úh' ,,s;a - .dñKs tlaù fm%auodi fkrmSu i|yd

fodaIdNsfhda. jevms<sfj< bÈßm;a lf<dah' ̂ 1991&

fodaIdNsfhda.fhka miq uu ,,s;a" .dñKS fofokdu yuqjqfkñ' ,,s;a hï

wdrEvlr.;a nqoaê fm!reIhla fmka jQ w;r" .dñKS iqyo ñ;%;ajhla

fmkajQfhah' fofokdgu ,xldjg l%shdYS,S ckdêm;sjreka ùug bv

;sìKs' tjeks yelshdjla Y%S','ks'mfha kdhlhska w;r úoHudk jQfha

ke;' r;k yduqÿrefjda .dñKs iu. fyd| in|;djhla f.dvk.d .;a

w;r" tlajrlg jvd ud .dñKS fyda ,,s;a yuqjQfha ke;' fodaIdNsfhda.h

yd ne÷kq fm%auodi úfrdaë wr.,hg wfma Wmßu odhl;ajh ,eìKs'

miqj ug ye`.S .sfha th ks¾m%N+ fm%auodig tfrysj m%N+jre .eiQ

le/,a,la njh' miqj fï m%N+jdofha l;=rg wmj o yiqjk úg fm%auodi

ms<sn| wkqlïmdjla we;s fkdjqkd fkdfõ' fckrd,a fldínElvqj

>d;kh fm%auodi ms<sn| ffjrh ;%Sj l< wjia:djla úh' ljqre flfia

lSj;a fldínElvqj - úu,r;ak >d;kh i|yd l=uk fyda iïnkaOhla

wdKavqfõ ud*shdjl ;sìKs' we;eïúg wdKavqj yd fldá w;r" oaú;aj

T;a;=lrejka yryd th l<d úh yelsh' msmsÍu isÿ jQ fudfydf;a .kq

,enQ cdhdrEm ud i;=j ;snQ w;r" thska fmkS .sfha th ìï fndaïnhla

fkdjk njh' tajd ug ,ndÿkaafka fldd;kh iu.

úkdY ù .sfhah' th h<s;a f.dvke.sh fkdyels u;jd§ ì|jeàula úh'

,,s;a >d;khg tfrys Woaf>daIKh yd ta iu. meje;s m<d;a iNd

ue;sjrKh i|yd wms il%Shj odhl jQfhuq' 1988 mlaI kdhl

/iaùïj,§ y÷kd.;a O¾uisß fiakdkdhl uy;df.a iydfhka by<

;,fha foaYmd,k f;dr;=re fndfyduhla wm fj; ,eìKs' úfYaIfhka

68

wkqr - pkaøsld .egqu tys § uQ,sl úh' 1993 meje;ajQ ;Srl ol=Kq m<d;a

iNd ue;sjrKfha § wms ;SrKd;aulj l%shd lf<uq' .=á lñka nv.skafka

ie;mqï .Kka mhska hñka wurisß fodvxf.dvf.a wdl¾IKSh —ol=K

jug˜ f;aud mdGh fmrg f.k .sfhuq' m%cd;ka;%jd§ ksoyi fmdÿfõ

wfma f;audj úh'

fm%auodi yd hQ'tka'mS md,khg tfrysj —mqrjeis fmruqK˜ kñka wms

ixúOdkh ù oejeka; m%o¾Ykhla o ixúOdkh lf<uq' th fm%auodi

u¾okh lf<ah' miqj wmj w;awvx.=jg .;a w;r" T;a;=j § ;snqfKa

ux., iurùrf.a ksjfiks' rejka *¾äkekavia o ta Èkj, c'ú'fm

m%;sixúOdk lghq;=j,g wu;rj ux.,f.a o f,alï lghq;=j, kshe,S

isáfhah' isr f.oßka ksoyia ù wms fl,skau tlajQfha uyskao rdcmlaI

ixúOdkh l< l;r.u md .ukgh' fndfyda fofkla ta i|yd

mqÿudldr lemùï l<y' úfYaIfhka orejka w;=reoyka jQ wïu,d tys§

w;s úfYaIs; úh'

wïu,df.a l÷¿ yd orejkaf.a lemùu u.ska fm%auodi md,khg tfrys

nyqúO fmruqKla we;súh' fm%auodi >d;kfhka isÿjQfha tlS n,fõ.h

;j;a fõ.j;a ùu muKs' jrla fm%auodi mjq, fjkqfjka >d;khkag

mjd iyNd.S jQ wfhla ud yg lSfõ fm%auodi jrla m%Ndlrkag yuqodm;s

moúh fhdackd l< w;r" nd,isxyïg w.ue;s moúh fhdackd l< njh'

ta w;f¾ uy;a;hd iu. ys;j;a ù m%Ndlrka bj;a lsÍu .ek o

l,amkdjla Tyqg jQ nj;a" m%Ndlrka Tyqg jvd iQlaIu ù fm%auodi yd

uy;a;hd fofokdju bj;a l< nj;ah' fuhg iudk woyila l,la

kef.kysr fldá kdhlfhl=j isá wfhla o ud yg m%ldY l< ksid th

we;a;la úh yels hehs ug ta;a;= .sfhah' flfia fj;;a" fm%auodi

urKfhka ñi bj;al< fkdyelalla nj ta Èkj, udf.a f;areï .ekSu

úh' flfia fj;;a Tyqf.a urKh od ld,lKaKs i;=g ú|.;a wh w;r

udo tla wfhla ùu .ek miqj uu yoj;skau lk.dgq jQfjñ'

fm%auodi úfrdaë nyqck wr.,h háka lÈu úcd;sl l=uka;%Khla Èh;a

úh' tu.ska isÿlsÍug .sfha újD; wd¾Ólh ta f,iu f.khk w;f¾

m%Ndlrkag f*vr,a rdcHhla ,ndfok foaYmd,k l%shdoduhla Èh;a

lsÍuh' pkaøsld - ux., - tia'î iy Tjqka jgd isá chfoaj Whkaf.dv -

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


69

úlag¾ whsjka - jika; rdcd jeks wh o is;d isáfha o nyqck wr.,hg

uqjd ù ngysr kHdh m;%h l%shd;aul lsÍuh' fuh miqmi isáfha tjlg

tlai;a ckmo ;dkdm;skS fgßiagd fIam¾ uy;añhhs' wms fï nj oek

isáfhuq' kuq;a rg b,a,d isá m%cd;ka;%jd§ ksoyig wms uq,a;ek

ÿkafkuq'

uf.a m<uq Pkaoh 1994 § fmdÿ fmruqKg mdúÉÑ lf<ñ' pkaøsld

w.ue;s ù miqj ckdêm;s jQjdh' .dñKs Èidkdhl >d;kfhka wehg

,enqKq 62]l ckjru weh fukau wehf.a flajÜghska o Woaoduhg

m;alrjQfhah' Tjqka fõ.fhka ish ie,iqu fmrg .;ay' pkaøsld l<

hq;af;a l=ulao hkak .ek ck;d ñ;=frda úiska" rgmqrd iïuka;%K

jghla mj;ajk ,È' kuq;a úcd;sl n,fõ. ish ie,iqu YS>%fhka

l%shd;aul l<y' m%Ndlrka iu. .súiqïj,g t<UqKq w;r" iduh ms<sn|

uy;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;slrkd ,È' fmr fkdjQ úre m%pdrl /,a,la

Èh;a úh' idu idlÉPd w;f¾ mqmqrK øjH fgdka 60la yd iEï ñihs,

f.dvnd .ekSfuka miq m%Ndlrka hqoaO m%ldY lf<ah' wdKavqj idu

hqoaOhg .sh kuq;a we;=<; m<uq fn§u we;súh' fou< cd;sjd§

flajÜghska wdKavqfjka t<shg úisúks' ;j;a msßila iqÿ fk¿u yd

;j,u yryd thg we;=<;a jQy'

1994 ue;sjrK fjkila iu. ck;d ñ;=frda o tla;rd ikaêia:dkhlg

msúiqfKah' th lreKq ;=kla ksid isÿúh' tlla kï tys by< kdhlhska

ish¨ fokdgu ,dnd, ;reK úfha isg ;reK úh olajdu l<

foaYmd,ksl lemùu ksid mqoa.,sl Ôú;fha fndfyda foa wysñ ù ;sîuh'

iuyrekg foudmshka yd fidhqre fidhqßhka kv;a;= lsÍug isÿ ù

;sìKs' ;j iuyrekg f.afodr bvlvï n,d .ekSu iaÓr /lshdjla

fidhd.ekSu wdÈh wjYHj ;sìKs' we;euqkg wdpd¾h Wmdêh jeks

b,lalhkao ;sìKs' újdyho uQ,sl m%Yakhla úh' wfkla w;ska —ck;d

ñ;=frda — ixúOdkhla f,i f.dvke.=k o th È.g mj;ajd.; yels

uQ,H hdka;%Khla fkdùh' c'ú'fm" t,a'à'à'B jeks jHdmdr fyd| krl

foj¾.fhau jHdmdr f.k.shy' ;ukaf.au lshd jQ jHdmdßl cd,hka

mj;ajd .;ay' fjk;a ixúOdkj,g jD;a;Sh iñ;s" úfoaY YdLd" úfoaY

wdh;k" wdÈfhka wruqo,a ,eìKs' wms fï lsisjla lsÍug wiu;a jQfhuq'

wm lf<a wmf.a Y%ufhka ,enqKq foaj,ska yd fjfyi uykais ù l<

m;a;r úlsKSu" f,aLk úlsKSu" leg jHdmdr" ys;j;=kf.a wruqo,a

70

wdÈfhka hemSuh' ud tys§ wjfndaO lr.;af;a Od¾ñl jHdmdrhla u.ska

fidhkd uqo,aj,ska foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla mj;ajd .; fkdyels njh'

l=vd mßudKfha laIqø nexl=jla njg jHdmdrh m;alsÍug .;a

W;aidyhka o wid¾: úh' we;eï úg uqo,a Wmhk jHdmdßl {dkh i;=

lsisfjla wm iu. fkdisàu thg fya;=jkakg we;' ;=kajk fya;=j 17

jirl hQtkamS md,kfhka yd fm%auodif.a NSIKfhka miq we;s jQ

m%cd;ka;%jd§ fmr<sh wm w;r isá fndfyda fokd w;r" —oeka wfma

ld¾hNdrh wjika˜ jeks ye`.Sula ckkh lsÍuh' fuh ́ kEu wr.,hl

fh§ isákakka w;r" we;sjk ld, pl%hls' c'ú'fm foi ne¨fjd;a th

jir 6-12 w;r" fï pl%hg yiqù we;s nj;a" fldá ixúOdkh 15-25 w;r"

pl%hg yiq ù we;s nj;a" fmkS hhs' fldákaf.a ldvrhkaf.a meje;afï

pl%h È.a.eiqfKa Tjqka ;ukaf.au m%foaY md,kh l< ksidh' ke;skï

Tjqkq;a c'ú'fm fukau flá ld, pl%hlg yiqùug bv ;sìKs' f,dal

b;sydih foi n,kd úg lemjqKq jHdmdrhka jir 30l meje;afï

pl%hlg Wmßufhka hg;a nj fmkShkq we;' rdcH n,h fyda ;ukaf.a

n, m%foaY ke;sjqjfyd;a Wmßu hdyels ÿr thhs'

1992 § uu újdy jqfkñ' m<uqj újdy ùfï woyila ke;sj isáh o

yÈisfha tlS ;Skaÿjg t<eUqfkñ' yÈis blauka ;Skaÿ .ekSu uf.a

Ôú;fha wx.hls' iuyr wjia:dj,§ wms ie,iqïlr ;Skaÿ .ksuq'

iuyrúg yÈisfha .ksuq' ta folu we;eïúg id¾:l fõ' ke;akï

wid¾:l fõ' m<uqjekak fufyhjkafka nqoaêhhs' fojekak ye`.Su fyda

bj úiska fufyhjkq ,nhs'

uf.a újdyh isÿjqfKa ud l=vdl, ;laIs,dfõ idudkH fm< tlg

bf.k.;a isiqúhla iu.hs' weh f¾Kqld ouhka;s kï jQjdh' wm w;r

hï hï mriamrlï we;s nj miqj wms f;areï .;suq' wm l=vd ksjila

;kd.;a w;r" lÈu reje;s" keK;s ÈhKshla" wud ukaoiañ;d" wmg

,eìKs' ̂ 1996& fï ì<sÈh ksid ud ú¢ i;=g Ôú;fha ,o f,dl=u iqjh úh'

fndfyda úg m%;súreoaO pß; we;s msßñhd yd .eyeKsh újdy Ôú;h

i|yd tluq;= lrkafka Tjqkg odj ,efnkd orejdh' orejd keue;s

jHqyh úiska foudmsh pß; kej; yev.iajkq ,efí' th foudmshka

orejka yev.eiaùu ;rïu m%n, l%shdoduhls' miqj wmg ;j;a ÈhKshla"

wisks nqjkcd" ̂ 2001& ,eìKs' weh läir" o`.ldÍ" iQlaIu pß;hla jQjdh'

foaYmd,kh úiska" l< tla wlghq;a;la jQfha Tjqka fofokdgu ,eìh

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


71

hq;= msh fifkyi ksis whqßka fkd,eî hEuh' Tjqka úhm;a jQ úg wdmiq

n,d ud fj; iudj ÿkfyd;a th fï Èúfha ug ,efnk f,dl=u i;=g

úh hq;=h' ñksia in|;d bÈßfha ud ÿ¾j, nj we;eïyq lsh;s' Tjqka ug

lshkafka ÿgqjka yd iskdfik f,i;a" ys;j;=ka yd ks;r úfYaIfhka

udOH iu`. in|;d" m%sh iïNdIK mj;ajk f,i;a" w;afkdyer m%sh

iïNdIK wdÈhg iyNd.S ù iudcYS,S jk f,i;a" lsisfjl= i;=frl= lr

fkdf.k ish,a,ka iu. j;=r fuka l%shd lrkd f,i;ah' uf.a ys;

ñ;=frla uf.a p¾hdj fjkia lsÍu i|yd frdn¾Ü .%Ska úiska rÑ;

foaYmd,kfha uQ,sl isoaOdka; 48 (48 Laws of Politics) lD;sh f.k;a

ÿkafkah' th lshùfuka miq f,dfõ rcjre" rdcH kdhlhska" rdcH

;dka;%slhka /jàu" jxpdj" fndrej wd;au.;lrf.k foaYmd,kh l<

wdldrh ug ;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s úh' kuq;a ñksia p¾hdjka hï hï

m%udKhkaf.ka fjkia l< yels jqj;a we;eï p¾hdjka wfma urKh

olajdu Èj hhs' fï uf.a yeá neúka th iu. uu Ôj;a fjñ'

ta Èkj, wms wfma uQ,ia:dkh f,i f.dvk.df.k ;snqfKa ud;r

m,a,suq,af,a r;k ysñhkaf.a úydria:dkhhs' r;k ysñhkaf.a .=re

yduqÿrefjda fndfyda W.;a .=rejrfhl= jQ w;r" mkai,lg jvd th

wdjdihla f,i mj;ajdf.k .shy' tys nrmek fndfyda ÿrg oerefõ

r;k ysñhkau úisks' ikaêia:dkhlg meñKs isá ck;d ñ;=rkaj

foaYmd,k fhdackd folla bÈßm;a úh' tllska lshjqfKa r;k

ysñhkaf.a ud;r mkai, w;yer l%shdOrhkq;a iu. fld<U ia:dk.;

úh hq;= njh' fojekafkka lshjqfKa cd;sljdoh .ek wfma wjOdkh

jeäl< hq;= njh' udlaiajd§ka fyda ,snr,ajd§ka fuka fkdj cd;sl

ye`.Su o¾Ykhla f,i ms<s.;a msßila f,i th wNsfhda.hg ,laj we;s

fudfydf;a ta fjkqfjka l%shdl< hq;= nj thska lshúKs' wms ta fhdackd

folu l%shd;aul lf<uq' flfia fj;;a wm iu. isá mßK; fndfyda

fofkla mqoa.,sl Ôú;" Wiia wOHdmkh yd iaÓr /lshdjka lrd

fhduqjQy' kjl jvd lemjqKq msßila iu. wms bÈßh n,d hkakg

jQfhuq' fld<U wfma kjd;ek jQfha l=mamshdj;a; chfYaLrdrduhhs'

rcj;af;a jmam ysñfhda wmj wdorfhka /ln,d.;ay'

72

wfma fï foaYmd,k fjki c'ú'fm mqj;am; jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa ud;r

isg ÿïßfhka fld<U meñKs ck;d ñ;=frda fld<U msgfldgqj iafÜIu

bÈßfha tla/ia ù úisÍ f.j,a n,d .sh njh' úYaj úoHd, iufha isg

;ukag ysirohla yd ;r.hla ÿka msßila úisÍ .shd hehs c'ú'fm is;

idod.kakg we;' ;j;a fndfyda fokd o th tfia olskakg we;'

we;a;gu bkamiq ck;d ñ;=frda kï ixúOdkh úisÍ .sfhah' kuq;a wms

fjk;a wdldrhl ixúOdkhla f.dvk`.d .;af;uq' th wfma Ôú;j,o"

rfÜ foaYmd,kfhao w¨;a wdrïNhla nj wm o tod oek isáfha ke;'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


73

urodk" l=mamshdj;a; l,n,ldÍ kd.ßl mßirhla jqjo

úydria:dk N+ñh b;d ksi," lÈu mßirhla úh' tys isg wms wfma

ms<s.ekSug wkqj NskaIQka jykafia iudc ld¾hNdrhlg fm< .eiaùug

bgd .;suq' r;k ysñhkag úYaj úoHd, iufha isg ;snQ NslaIq in|;d;a"

wka wh ish,a,kaf.a in|;d;a tys§ m%fhdackj;a úh' b;a;Emdfka

Oïud,xldr ysñ" ud÷¿jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ" uqre;af;Ügqfõ wdkkao ysñ

jeks iajdñka jykafia,d uq,alr.;a cd;sl ix> iNdj ^1995& ìysùu

tkhska isÿúh' tys uQ,ia:dkh iuia; ,xld fn!oaO uyd iïfï,kfha

msysgqúKs'

l,lg by; uydpd¾h k,ska o is,ajd" ã'whs'Ô' O¾ufialr ôeka

wk.dßl O¾ufialr;=ud&" ud÷¿jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ hk ;sfokdf.a

uQ,sl;ajfhka mlaIhla msysgqúh hq;= njg o fhdackdjla úh' th

l%shd;aul jQfha ke;' ta ksid wms 1989 uyd ue;sjrKfha § uyck

tlai;a fmruqKg l%shdldÍj iydh ÿksuq' miqj Y%S','ks'mh ;=< ;s,la

lreKdr;ak" tia' t,a' .=Kfialr wd§ka f.dvk.d.;a —fy< Wreuh—

lKavdhug yd .dñKS chiQßhf.a isxy, wdrlaIl iNdjg iydh §ug

fm<Uqk o È.gu fmkS .sfha úêu;a ixúOdkhla ke;=j fulS kdhlhska

isõjk È.yereu

cd;sl oeyekg iujeÿfKuq

74

w;kska fu;ekg" fu;ekska w;kg mdù hk njh' jrla fn!oaO uyd

iïfï,kfha isxy, iuq¿jla meje;ajQ w;r" ^1995& m%isoaO ksfõol

md,s; fmf¾rd uf.ka weiQfha thg iyNd.S ù isák tlu ;reKhd ud

ksid thg fya;=j l=ula o@ hkakh' ta Èkj, isxy,lu fjkqfjka

/iaùulg fyda wdfõ jeäysá W.;a msßils' uf.a laIKsl W;a;rh jQfha

isxy,lug ;reKhska fm<.eiaiùu i|yd tys wd njh' B<`. wjqreÿ

fofla§ cd;sl ix> iNdj yd th hgf;a msysgqjkq ,enQ cd;sl oyï .=re

iNdj hgf;a wms ish .Kka fkdj oi oyia .Kka cd;sl ukila we;s

;reK ;reKhska w;rg hkakg mgka .;af;uq'

fï w;r" wmg uyd bÈß msïula mekSug yels wjia:djla Wodúh' th kï

pkaøsld wdKavqj —f*vr,a meflach˜ 1995 wf.daia;=fõ f.k tauh'

1991 isg tlai;a ckmo ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h Y%S,xldj f*vr,a rgla lsÍu

i|yd jHdmD;shla l%shd;aul lr ;sìKs' l,ska o i|yka l< mßÈ thg

uQ,sl;ajh .;af;a fuys isá tlai;a ckmo ;dkdm;sksh jQ fgßiagd

fIam¾ uy;añhhs' fï i|yd moku lr.;af;a kS,ka ;srefp,ajï

uy;df.a ckjd¾.sl wOHhk flakaøhhs' fmardfoKsh yd fld<U

iriúfha wdpd¾h uydpd¾h msßila o" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk udOHfõ§

msßilao Y%S','ks'mfha yd tcdmfha kdhlhska msßila o thg .eg.eiS

isáhy' 1995 pkaøsld - m%Ndlrka idu .súiqu yryd fï fhdackdj,sh

fmrg .ekSu Tjqkf.a m<uq Wmdh úh' idudkHfhka w;S;fha§ jQ f,i

fhdackdj,shlg ^1956 nKavdkdhl - fp,ajkdh.ï" 1965 - vâ,s -

fp,ajd 1987 fÊ'wd¾' - rðõ& úmlaIfha úfrdaO;djh t,a,ùu je<elaùu

i|yd jfrl .dñKS Èidkdhl o" B<`.g rks,a úl%uisxy o f*vr,ajd§ka

f,i fn!;siau lrkd ,È' m%:u jrg m%Odk mlaI folu 1971 § iduQyslj

fhdackd l< talSh Ndjh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh 1995 § bj;a lrkd ,§'

m%Ndlrka yÈisfha hqo je§u ksid ̂ 1995 wfm%a,a 19& l,ska ie,iqï l< mßÈ

mshjßka mshjr f*vr,a jHjia:dj y÷kajd§fï úlag¾ whsjka ie,eiau

wjq,a úh' fldá ;%ia;hskaf.a wjika b,a,Su f,i b,a,d isá mqkßka

l|jqr bj;a lsÍfï fhdackdj wkqreoaO r;aj;af;a bj;,Sfuka miq

whsjka yd Whkaf.dvf.a myiqlï iemhSfï N+ñldj o wjika úh' thg

wfma yuqod tl`.jQjd kï w,suxlv jefgkafka 1995 §h' miqj fufyhqï

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


75

wdrïN jQ úg ^ßú/i& zrdjhZ mqj;am; —mqkßka wk;=f¾˜ kï YS¾I

mdGhla f.k.sh w;r" tys wruqK jQfha hdmkfha fomilska ^m,d,s -

w,suxlv" mqkÍka& fldgq ù úkdY ùug .sh ;%ia;hskg mqkßka yryd hqo

wú /f.k m<d hEug u.la iemhSuh' f,aLlhska" l;Djreka" f,i l%shd

l< fldá ñ;=rkaf.a ;;a;ajh f;areï .kakg wfma yuqod kdhlfhda

wiu;a jQy' m%;sM,h jQfha hdmkfha wú f;d. jkakshg f.k f.dia miq

ld,hl § uq,;sõ jglr úkdY lsÍug fldákag yelsùuh ̂1996&'

m%Ndlrkaf.a hqo je§u ksid isxy, úfrdaëyq ish ie,iqï fjkialr

.;ay' B<`. ie,iqu jQfha hdmkh uq¿ukskau w,a,df.k tys Yla;sh o

iu. f*vr,a l%uh ch.%dyS hqo fikam;Ska w;skau ms<s.ekaùuh' ^1995

foieïn¾& fuh m,ia;Sk fjku rdcHhla ms<s.ekSfï" BY%dh,

fhdackdj" tys hqo ùrfhl= jQ —hsÜiela rìka ˜ w;ska bÈßm;a lsÍug

iudk l%shdoduhls'

1995 wf.daia;= ui Èfkl ud yuq jQ Ô'we,a' mSßia weue;s;=udf.a

ld¾hd,fha fiajlfhl= lSfõ kj f*vr,a jHjia:djla ;kd ksulr

we;s njh' hdmkh ch ,nd th ch.%dyS isxy, ukig .s,a,ùug hk nj

uu oek .;sñ' blauKskau th fy<s orõ lsÍu isxy, úfrdaë ngysr

kHdh m;%h wvmK lsÍfï u. f,i oel .;sñ' m<uqj meflacfha

msgm;a ud÷¿jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ yd fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñjrekg

,ndÿka w;r" ta ms<sn| ú.%yhla uúiskau ,shk ,È' Èjhsk mqj;am; th

fy<s orõ lf<ah' wdKavqfõ Wmdh uy;a wjq,l jeáKs' th óg jvd

úêu;aj isÿlsÍug ;snQ nj miqj wmg wjfndaO jqj;a wfma —.ß,a,d

m%ydrh˜ wdKavqfõ ie,iqu wjq,a lf<ah'

ish¨ isxy, ixúOdk jydu wjÈ úh' wdKavqfõ ux., iurùr iu. isá

wfhla ta Èkj, ud yg lSfõ jhil isxy, ́ ,aâ fndahsia, ál ke.sÜg

fõ.fhkau ks|d.kq we;s nj wdKavqj lrjk ;j,u we;a;kaf.a u;h

njh' fï Èkj, cúfm isáfha ux., yryd wdKavqfõo wkq.%yh

,nd.ksñka mlaIh iS>%fhka f.dvk.ñkah' Tjqka f*vr,a meflach

.ek l%shdlrkakg wdfõ ke;' kuq;a fï jkúg isxy, cd;sl

jHdmdrhg th weof.k hd yels NslaIq jHdmdrhla" ;reK ldvrhla yd

wruqo,a iemhsh yels jHdmdßl cd,hla ̂isxy, ùr úoyk& ìys ù ;sìKs'

76

isxy, ùr úoyk ìys lrkq ,enQfõ ÈUq,d., kdysñhka ;%ia;jd§ka

úiska" >d;kh lsÍfuka miq ta .ek lïmd jQ jHdmdßlhka i;afofkl=

úisks' î'ta'uySmd," lrE ySká.," pQ,d ðkodi" l=,;=x. rdcmlaI"

iqf¾ka wfí.=Kfialr tys,d uQ,sl jQ w;r" iQßh .=Kfialr yd

i;siapkaø tÈßisxy uy;ajre th ixúOdkh lsÍfï ld¾hhg uq,a ù

isáhy' isxy, ùr úoyk úiska" isxy, jHdmdßlhka cd;sl u;hlg

tlalr ixúOdkh l< w;r" thska isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrhg kj cd,hla

fukau wruqo,a iïmdokh o isÿúh'

pkaøsld - ux., - tia'î' ;j,u - iqÿ fk¿ï yjq," ngysr tka'Ô'´'

cd,h" hQ'tka'mSh fyda fÊ'ù'mSh fï ;;a;ajh ksrjq,aj ú.%y lr.;af;a

ke;' m<uqjrg ;reK l%shdOrhska" ixúOdhlhska" fn!oaO NslaIQka"

wruqo,a yd cd,hla iys; isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrhl ìcqjg my,j ;sfí'

wms wjia:dj w;afkdyeßfhuq' m<uqfjkau wms oejeka; NslaIQ le|ùula

cd;sl ix> iNdfjka lf<uq' th w;sYhska id¾:l úh' B<`.g ish¨

ixúOdk tlalr cd;sl taldnoaO ixúOdkh ìysúh' lS¾;su;a

úksiqrejrhl= jQ wd¾'tia' jkiqkaor tys iNdm;s;ajhg m;aúh' thg

.dñKS chiQßhf.a isxy, wdrlaIl ixúOdkhg w;ajQ brKu w;afkdùu

i|yd wms l%shdldÍ jqfkuq' wmg m<uq úfrdaOh wdfõ wfma me/Ks w;S;

in|;dj,sks' wfma ixúOdk cd,h jvd;a Yla;su;a tlla jQ ksid tjeks

yqol,d m%Yak lsÍï myiqfjka bj;a lf<uq' kuq;a jvd;a nrm;,

l%shdoduhla o we/ö ;sìKs' tkï hQtkamSfha Wmdhhhs' rks,a" ,shï

f*dlaia iu. tl;= ù pkaøsld iu. fudk .súiqï .eiqj;a mlaIfha

m%;sm;a;sh ishqïj fjkia l<;a" wdKavqj .ek ffjrfhka miqjk

fldgia úfYaIfhkau fld,a¨msáfha m%N+ msßia mjd wkql%ufhka fï

kùK cd;sl jHdmdrhg we;=¿ fjñka isáhy' uq,ska rks,a thg ndOd

l< o miqj ishqï Wmdhla .ksñka ;skshdj, md,s; ysñ m%uqL msßila thg

we;=¿ lf<ah' wms uq, isgu fuh oel .;suq' b;d fõ.fhka tl;=jk

msßia u;jd§ ;,hlg .ekSu wfma b,lalh úh' nKavdrkdhl

iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ meje;ajQ ;siai ú;drK - tia' t,a' .=Kfialr yd ud

iyNd.S jQ ̂thg iyNd.S ùug wfma we;eï isxy, úoaj;=ka ìh jQ w;r" ud

iyNd.S jQfha ta ksidh& újdofhka miq wfma wr.,h l+G m%dma; úh'

m%isoaO jHdmdßlhka" úoaj;=ka we;=¿ fndfyda ;reK msßia lSfõ

isxy,hskag kj kdhl;ajhla oeka ,eî we;s nj Tjqkg iy;sl ù we;s

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77

njh' ta Èkj, wmg bvlvla ,ndÿka tlu kd<sldj à'tka't,a jQ w;r"

jevigyk cky`v úh' uu ksr;=reju fï újdoj,g .sfhñ' miqj

wfkla kd<sldj,g o iïnkaO jqfkñ' úoHQ;a udOH úiska újD; lr ;snQ

kj jgmsgdj o wms w;sl%uKh lf<uq' wkql%ufhka mQ¾K cd;sl

jHdmdrhla njg wms isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrh m;alf<uq' mqj;am;a ,sms"

jdo újdoj,ska Tíng .sh uy fmdf<dfõ msysgqjkq ,enQ uyck cd,hla

njg th m;aúh'

kuq;a fldá ixúOdkh wmg jvd fõ.fhka jev lf<ah' wdKavqfõ

udOH fufyhqu o w;s m%n, úh' taldnoaO fldñiu úiska ia:dms; l<

isxy, fldñiu rgjgd hkúg wkql%ufhka wdKavqfõ m%ydrhka

fõ.j;a úh' ux., iurùr úiska" isxy, fldñiu b;sydifha l=Kq

l+vhg oeñh hq;= hehs m%ldY l< úg isxy, úfrdaëka Woaoduhg m;ajQ

uq;a blauKskau ux.,g th mdrdj<,a,la lsÍug wms l%shd lf<uq'

bkamiq Tjqyq NslaIQka jykafia ixúOdkh lrkakg;a wmg /yeksj NslaIq

jHdmdr fhdod .kakg;a jQy' uq¿ taldnoaO ixúOdkhgu lem ù isá

mQ¾Kld,Skhd jQfha wdpd¾h mshfiak Èidkdhlhka muKs' fï ksid

wkql%ufhka taldnoaO ixúOdkh ;j;a tl ixúOdkhla ù wfkla

ixúOdk fjk fjku l%shdlrkakg úh'

fï w;r" 1996 § t,a, flreKq uy nexl= m%ydrh" 1996 §u t,a, jQ uq,;sõ

m%ydrh wdÈh úiska" wdKavqfõ hqo jEhu mqiaila ùfï ,l=Kq my<úh' iqÿ

fk¿u yd ;j,u f.k.sh —hqoafog i;hla - finf<la fkdfokq˜

m%pdrl jHdmdrh ksid wfma yuqod jkaksfha fldgq fjñka ;sìKs' uqod.;a

m%foaYj,g we;=¿jk ;%ia;hska yuqodfõ miquQKg oreKq m%ydr t,a,

lf<ah' A - 09 ud¾.h ñkSl÷j,ska f.dv .efikakg úh' 1997 - 98 §

isÿ jQ fldd;kh;a id¾:l f,i lrf.k hk njh' foaYmd,k fudfyd; jydu

w,a,d.; hq;= nj wmf.a ks.ukh úh' 1998 ckjdÍ 25 t,a, jQ o<|d

m%ydrh ta fudfyd; úh' wms th ;srj w,a,d .;suq' wfma oejeka;

Woaf>daIKh ksid fldá ixúOdkh ;ykï lsÍug wdKavqjg isÿúh'

bkamiq urodfka fndaïnfhka mdi,a oeßúhka ñhf.dia iudch

m%lïmkh jQ úg ̂ 1998 ud¾;= 08& wms ;%ia; úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrh msysgq

78

jQfhuq' tys,d wfma wruqK jQfha fldá ;%ia;hskaf.a m%ydrfhka mSvdjg

m;ajk wirK ckhd ixúOdkh lsÍuh' rgjeis fmruqK yd uõ

fmruqfKa ixúOdk rgdj fuys§ wmg buy;a m%fhdackhla úh' ;%ia;

úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrh iEu ;%ia; isÿùula iu.u ùÈhg neiafiah'

;reK ;reKshka we;=¿ fld<U m%N+ iudchg wh;a msßila thg

wemlem jkakg úh' Ysjka;s ud,d o is,ajd ue;sKsh tys flakaøfha

jQjdh' m<uq iNdm;s jQfha fckrd,a ;s,la mrK.uh' wks,a chj¾Ok"

l=uqÈld my;al=Uqr" wkqrdOd hyïm;a" wreK - Ysrka;kS ngqjka;=vdj

hqj, jeks ;reK l%shdOrhska o" .s,avd .=Kr;ak" Nød .=K;s,l" ohd

iur;=x." ;s,la - lu,d tÈßùr ffjoH hqj, ,skalka - iqcd;d

neiaáhka" ffjoH hqj," fkú,a lreKd;s,l" mqkHldka;s fidhsid"

u,a,sld jks.iqkaor" ìhá%ia .=Kfialr wd§ jeäysá msßila o wmg

tlaúh' uykqjr§ o wmg ;j;a msßia tlaúh' ffjoH bxðfkare"

l<ukdlrK jeks lafIa;%j, jD;a;Shfõ§kaf.a iydh lemS fmksKs'

fuf,i ;%ia; úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrh ;reK jD;a;Shfõ§ka msßila

ixúOdkh l<d muKla fkdj úfoaY.; isxy,hska ixúOdkh lrkakg

o jQfjuq' ta jljdkqfõ ̂ 1998& úoHQ;a ;emE," fjí wvúh wdÈh mßyrKh

lf<a b;d iq¿ msßils' ihsn¾ wjldYfha fï jkúg fldá ixúOdkh

w;s m%n,j isá w;r" isxy,hska tys isáfhau ke;s ;rïh' kuq;a fou<

úfoaY.; m%cdjg iudk m%udKhla isxy,hska o úfoaY.;j isákd nj

^ñ,shkh ne.ska& wms oek isáfhuq' b;d flá l,la we;=<; wms

íafÜ%,shdj" tx.,ka;h" lekvdj" tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamh yd vqndhs

wd§ m%foaY iu. ihsn¾ wjldYfha in|;d m;=rejd .;suq' —ihsn¾

wjldYfha cd;sh f.dvke`.Su˜ kï kj jHdmD;shla uqodyf<uq' jirla

we;=<; úisfofkl=f.a cd,h 20"000 olajd kxjkakg wmg yelsúh'

ls,sfkdÉÑh fldá úiska" w,a,d.ekSfuka miq wfma ys;j;a ;reK

yuqod ks,OdÍka lSfõ igk È.a.eiSu jeäùu wfma mrdchg fya;= jk

njh' fï jkúg wdrlaIl yuqodj, by< ;reK ks,OdÍka /ila

wm%isoaêfha wm iu. tlaù isáhy' úfYaIfhka hqoaOh ms<sn| ;;a;aj

jd¾;dj,g wu;rj fmd,sia T;a;= fiajdj,ska wfma ixúOdkj,g ßx.jd

isÿlrkd lvdlmam,a l%shd wmg jd¾;d lsÍu o TjQyq isÿ l<y' tod

f.dvke`.=Kq we;eï Yla;su;a in|;d wo olajdu mej;Su wfma

id¾:l;ajhg tla fya;=jla úh'

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ukia folla iys;j hqoaO l< fkdyels nj ;SrKh l< wms —fldá

mrok u.— kñka ;%ia; úfrdaë cd;sl ie,eiaula bÈßm;a lf<uq' thska

hqo" wd¾Ól" iudchSh yd foaYmd,k lafIa;%fha blauKska l<hq;=

m%uqL;d l%shd 29la y÷kd.;a w;r" ;=ka wjqreoaola ;=< ;%ia;jdoh

iyuq,ska me/oùu wruqK lr.;a uyd hqo - foaYmd,ksl m%;sm;a;s Wmdh

ud¾.hla bÈßm;a úh' fuh uq,ska yuqod yd foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhg

bÈßm;a l< o th m%;slafIam jQ ksid ck;dj fj;g uqod yeßfhuq' ̂ 1999

wm%sfh,a& <`. tk wk;=r t<sfha isá wms y÷kd.;a kuqÿ yuqod yd

foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh th y÷kd.;af;a ke;' 1999 jirg

ckdêm;sjrKh ie,iqïfldg ;snQ w;r" fmdÿ fmruqK" hQ'tka'mSh yd

c'ú'fm thg m%uqL;djh foñka isáhy' úfYaIfhka fmdÿ fmruqKg

wjYH jQfha W;=f¾ ;;a;ajh flfia fyda iduldój ;nd.ekSuh'

fõ¨ms,af,af.a Wmdh jQfha ol=K yd yuqod ckdêm;sjrKhg ysi

fhduqlrkd úg ysi wysñ yuqodjkag fld÷ lefvkakg m%ydrhla §uhs'

fï w;r" hQ'tka'mSh isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrfha isá ish tacka;hska

fhdodf.k yqÿ pkaøsld úfrdaOhla u; isxy, u;h rks,ag f.khEug

W;aidy l<y' b;a;Emdfka ysñ" ud÷¿jdfõ ysñ mjd hQtkamShg ys;j;a

njla oelajQy' wfkla me;af;ka hqoaOh fmrg oud isxy, u;h ;uka

foig .kakg wkqreoaO r;aj;a; W;aidy lf<ah' we;eï jHdmdßlfhda ta

foig o we§ .shy' kuq;a Tjqka fomsßiu t;rï id¾:l fkdjQfha nyq;r

NslaIq .sys n,hla uOHia:j r|jd.kakg wm iu;aùu fya;=fjks'

m%Ndlrka ish fudaiï j¾Id m%ydrh 1999 fkdjeïn¾ 01 od wdrïN

lf<ah' Èfkka Èk jkaksfhka jd¾;d jQfha l|jqre msg l|jqre weo

jefgkd njls' ;j;a n,d isáhfyd;a rgu fldákag hg;ajkq we;ehs

is;+ wms jjqkshdjg .sfhuq'

ta Èkh 1999 fkdjeïn¾ 05 od úh' ta jkúg;a jkaks fmruqfKka

miqnisk oyia .Kka fin¿kaf.ka jjqkshdj yd wjg m%foaY msÍ ;sìKs'

b;d wudrefjka mj;ajf.k .sh moúh yd je,sTh .ïudk ish,a,

wels,S .sh nj o jd¾;d jqKs'

;;a;ajh ord.; fkdyelsj uu;a yeä.,af,a úu,idr ysñhkq;a

brÜgfmßhl=,u l|jqrg we;=¿a jqfKuq' uy jeiafia ksrdydrj

80

fldákaf.a ld,;=jlal= m%ydrj,g ,laj ;=jd, ,enQ fndfyda fin¿ka

tys isáfha le/,a,lg iQodkïjh' ;reK l¾k,ajre lSmfofkla wmg

iydh ùug meñKshy' miqj th ì%f.aäh¾,d" fïc¾ fckrd,a,d olajd

j¾Okh úh' fndfyda mud ù Èjd wdydrh .;al< fmkS .sfha n;a ;eïî

fkdue;s njh' f,a .o .yk" fndr j;=r msß l|jqre N+ñfha fjjq,ñka

isá fin¿kaf.a .efykd uki ug fyd¢ka oeKsks' úu,idr ysñ Tjqkg

mkais,a ÿka w;r" ysñka ysñka uu Tjqka wu;kakg ùñ' th yuqodfõ

úkhg mgyeks jqj;a ish,af,da th bjid isáhy'

wms udkal=,u fuka jjqkshdj o w;ay<fyd;a fldá ch Y%S uyfndaêh o"

rejkaje,siEh o úkdY lr wfma ckhd oUq,a,g;a t;ekska

l=reKE.,g;a m<jd yßkq we;ehs uu lSfjñ' wms wdmiq fkdf.dia

fmrg f.dia igka l< hq;= nj uu lSfjñ' wjidk jYfhka Tjqkg

lSug we;af;a l=ulaoehs weiQúg mrdcfha fya;=j Tn miqmi isgf.k

isákd ks,OdÍka nj w;la t,a,d.;a ;reK finf<la lSfõh' túg uyd

f>daIdjla we;súh' wms ;;a;ajh md,kh lr.;suq' úfYaI n,ldfha

ks¾Nh ks,OdÍka msßila jydu fmrg hEug ;SrKh lf<dah' jjqkshdjg

Wäka ́ ukaf;a iSudj weÿfKa Tjqkf.a lemùu ksidfjks'

wms B<`.g je,sThg .sfhuq' flfia fyda ck;dj moúfha k;r lr.;a

wms fld<Ug l;dlr wdOdr b,a¨fjuq' meh 24la ;=< ffjoH yd

w;HjYH wdydr wfma i.fhda f.k wdy' wms wkd: l|jqre úêu;a

lf<uq' bkamiq wdOdr úêu;a lf<uq'

Èk .Kklg miq fld<U tk w;r ud l,amkd lf<a fld<U

fm<md<sj,ska m%Ndlrka me/oúh fkdyels njh' foaYmd,k n,h

w,a,d .ekSu ;SrKd;aul njh' foaYmd,k jYfhka n,h w,a,d .ekSug

tlaflda wms kj mlaIhla ìyslr ;j;a ld,hla W;aidy oeßh hq;=h' taid

ld,hla m%Ndlrka wjika ch.%yKh ,eîu je<elaùug wfma yuqod

iu;a fõúo@ Tyq hqo ch.%yKhla ,enqj;a miqj wmg ixúOdkh ù Tyqj

m<jdyeßh yels fkdfõo@ neßfj,dj;a" Tyq ish hqo ch.%yKh

foaYmd,k ch.%yKhla lrf.k cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;sl f,i ks,

ms<s.ekSula we;slr .;fyd;a wmg isÿjkafka l=ulao@ n,h w,a,df.k

th l,la ord.; fkdyelsj miqj mrdch ù we;=.Eù .sh jHdmdr

f,dfjys tugh' kuq;a foaYmd,ksl f,i ia:dms; ùfuka miq tlS kj

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


81

rdcHh hg;alr .ekSug hEu th fl;rï l=vd jqj;a myiqjkafka ke;'

f,dalh th wdl%uKhla f,i olskd ksidh' brdkh tlai;a wrdì tó¾

rdcHhka iïnkaOfhka o" brdlh - l=fõgh iïnkaOfhka o"

bkaÿkSishdj - kef.kysr áfudarh iïnkaOfhkao" l,ska fjkaùug

bv § miqj hd lrkakg f.dia isÿlr.;a rdcH ;dka;%sl úkdYh ms<sn|j

úúO f,aLk lshjd wjfndaOhla ,nd.;sñ' fpÉkshdfõ fnÿïjdoh

reishdj úiska" th ia:djr ùfuka miq;a" me/oùu muKla tlu iqNjd§

WodyrKh úh' kuq;a" reishdj kHIaÀl n,jf;l= jQ w;r" õ,dÈu¾

mqáka hgf;a wd¾Ól n,jf;l= njg o m;afjñka isáfhah' N+ñ

m%udKfhka yd iïm;aj,ska ta rg f,dalfha f,dl=u rg úh' th

flfiaj;a wfma ikao¾Nh yd .ef,fmkakla fkdùh'

1995-2005 oYlfha f,dfõ Y+r;u" kdhlhd ljqoehs weiqfjd;a ud

lshkafka ta reishdfõ õ,dÈu¾ mqáka njh' jrla tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uyd

uKav, f.dvke.s,af,a wuq;a;kaf.a Yd,dfõ § ^2007& ug reishdfõ

úfoaY weue;s;=ud yuqúh' t;=ud ;uka l,la Y%S,xldfõ fojeks

;dkdm;sjrhd f,i fiajh l< nj m%ldY l<d u;lh' Tyqf.a ld¾h

uKav,fha fndfyda fofklam%;dmj;a fmkqulska hq;= jQ nj o u;lh'

fndfyda rgj,a ish úfoaYSh ld¾h uKav," .=jka fiajd jeks fjk;a

rgj,a iu. iïnkaO jk fiajdjkag m%;dmj;a lvjiï fmkque;s

mqoa.,hska m;alr;s' tu.ska m<uq oelafï§u ;u rg .ek m<uq fmf<a

wdl,amhla f.dvkxjd .ks;s' isx.mamQrej f.dvk.oa§ ,S lajdka hQf.a

fâka cd;sl WmfoaYlhd jQ we,an¾fgda ÿka m%Odk;u WmfoaYh jQfha

isx.mamQrefõ wkd.;h úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska" ixpdrlhska .=jka yd

uqyqÿ keúhka wd§ka u; hefmkd ksid m<uq oelau Tjqka uú; lrjk

ms<sfj< iqkaor;ajh wdÈfhka mej;sh hq;= njh' isx.mamQre .=jkaf;dg"

jrdh" k.rhg msúfik m%Odk udj; ms<s.ekSfï ks,OdÍka wd§ ish¨

fokd —m<uq isx.mamQre fm%auh— i|yd fyd¢ka iQodkï lr we;af;ah' wms

fujeks foa ms<sn|j lsisÿ Wkkaÿjla ke;s cd;shls' jrla wrdìfha rdcH

kdhlfhl= yuqù ud bxðfkarefjl= yd .Ks; lÓldpd¾h flfkl=

nj;a" Tyqf.a rfÜ oyia .Kkla wmf.a bxðfkarejka" jdia;= úoHd{hska

wd§ka fiajh lrkd nj;a lS úg t;=ud yd Tyqf.a ld¾h uKav,hg

iskyd .shy' Tjqkag wm rg ms<sn| wdl,am f.dvke`.S ;snqfKa w¾O

jy¨ka yd ,sx.sl NdKav f,i weiqreï lr ;snQ Y%S,dxlsl .Dy fiajl -

fiaúldjka fj;sks' wms wfma m%;srEmh f.dvkxjd .ekSug kï wfma

82

.=jkaf;dgqfmd<" jrdh" k.rhg tk m%Odk m%fõY ud¾.h" k.r uOHh"

rdcH ;dka;%sl ld¾hd, yd ¥;hska wd§ ldrKd .ek o ie,ls,a,g

.;hq;=h'

reishdkq úfoaY weue;s;=udf.a jYSfhka miq tÈku ksõfhda¾la

fmd;ay,lg f.dia mqáka ms<sn| lD;shla ñ, § .;sñ' th lsheùfuka

miq ud w;ska ke;súh' kuq;a Tyq ì|jefgkd reishdj fh,aÜiSka w;ska

Ndr.;a yeá" reishdkq T;a;=fiajd yd mSg¾ian¾.a k.rfha mßmd,kfha §

Tyq ,nd.;a w;aoelSï rdcH md,khg fhdod.;a yeá" reishdfõ ke`.Sfï

yd jeàfï m%Odk ryi Okjd§ fyda fldñhqksiaÜjdoh fkdj f;,a yd

.Eia ñ, nj wjfndaO lr.;a yeá" m%n, c¾uksh we;=¿ wka hqfrdamSh

rgj,a NS;sh uqiq .re;ajhlska Èkd.;a yeá uf.a is; ;Èka

meyer.;af;ah' fidaúhÜ foaYh ì|jeàfuka miq ;ekska ;ekska reishdj

flks;a;Su i|yd fhdodf.k isá fnÿïjd§ n,fõ. wêIaGdkYS,Sj Tyq

úiska úkdY lsÍu uf.a is; jvd;a ;Èka meyer .;af;ah' wmg;a mqáka

flfkla wjYH nj fnÿïjdoh ;%ia;jdoh f,dj fld;eklj;a mrdch

ù ke;ehs mdrïndñka isá fou< cd;sjd§kaf.a u; ì|,Su i|yd ks;r

fhdod.;af;ñ'

tlska tl lreKq ie,lSfuka miq wms ;SrKh lf<a Yla;su;a isxy,

cd;sljd§ mlaIhla f.dvke.Su úiska cúfm Y%S','ks'mh yd hQ'tka'mSh

md,kh l<yels jkq njh' bkaÈhdj ,xldfõ iajdëk ke.Su bjikafka

ke;suq;a" ta Y%S,xldj ÿ¾j, lsÍu i|yd ksr;=reju fou< fnÿïjd§

;%ia;jd§ ;=reïmqj mdúÉÑ lrkduq;a" Y%S ,xldj ;=< ikakoaO n,fhka

fjku rdcHhla i;=frl= f,i ìysjKq oelSu bjikafka ke;s nj wfma

;lafiarej úh' 1948 § fmßhd¾f.a fou< lid.ï ikakoaO jHdmdrh

bka§h kdhlfhda ;ykï l< w;r" wkakfodf¾f.a m%cd;ka;%jd§

fnÿïjdohg ;ñ,akdvqfõ n,h ,nd.kakg ^1967& bvy<y' fï ksid

;j l,la hkf;la bkaÈhdfõ ljr wdKavqjla n,fha isáh;a" m%Ndlrka

fjku rdcHhl kdhlhd ù wkd.; —øúvia:dkhl˜ uyrcq ùfï

isyskhg bvfkdfokq we;s nj wfma ye`.Su úh' m%Ndlrka tjeks hqo

chla ,ofyd;a bkaÈhdfõ fnÿïjdo muKla fkdj ud´jd§ kelaia,hsÜ

jHdmdrhkao msìoùug ls%hdlrkq we;' thg bkaÈhdj bvla fokafka

ke;s njo wmf.a ;lafiarej úh'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


83

mlaIhla msysgqùu ms<sn| woyi wm ;=< muKla fkdj fï jkúg isxy,

cd;sl jHdmdrfha l,la l%shdldÍj isá fndfyda fofkl=g tljru

mdfya jegyS .sh fohla úh' mlaIhla ;r.ldÍj bÈßhg f.khEug kï

wvqu ;rñka rgmqrd úisÍ .sh mQ¾Kld,Sk ldvrhka oyila j;a wjYH

nj wm w;=ßka wd tla u;hla ùh' ;j;a u;hla jQfha th cúfm

foaYmd,k rduqj u; nei.;a ks.ukhla nj;a" lemS fmfkkd cd;sl

uÜgfï foaYmd,k pß; y; wgla tlajqjfyd;a thg jydu ck;djf.a

ms<s.ekSu ,efnkd ksid isÿl< hq;af;a th nj;ah' t;ek§ WodyrKh

jQfha ,,s;a - .dñKS" nKavdkdhl - rdcmlaI jeks mlaI yerf.dia kj

jHdmdrhka ìyslsÍfï WodyrKhlah' tjeks Yla;su;a msßila cd;sl

u;jd§ foaYmd,khlg lvd .ekSug wms iu;ao@ hk m%Yakh B<`.g úh'

fï w;r" ;=kajeks u;hla o úh' tkï" ldvrh fyda cd;sl pß;j,g

jvd udOH lïmkh l< yels cd;sl f;audjla we;akï ta Tiafia

mlaIhla id¾:l l< yels njh' fuys § úfoaY rgj, cd;sl mlaI

úfYaIfhka bkaÈhdfõ Ndr;Sh ck;d mlaIh WodyrKhg .kakd ,È'

Ndr;Sh ck;d mlaIfha WodyrKhg ud leu;sjQfha ke;' ukao@ rdIaÁh

iajhx fiajla" cdka ika.a wdÈh yryd jÊmdhs" woajdks jeks kdhlhska

oYl .Kkdjla bkaÈhdfõ k.r iNd" m%dka; iNd" uOHu wdKavqj jeks

wdh;kj, úúO moú o" rdcH n,h o" ta ish,a,g jvd oyia .Kkl

mQ¾K ld,Sk n,ldhla o iys; jHdmdrhla ñi udOH fmk nqnq,la njg

^Ndr;Sh ck;d mlaIh BJP) ie,lsh fkdyels jQ ksidh'

flfia fj;;a" fï hq.fha foaYmd,kfha § mQ¾K ld,Sk ixúOdkh fyda

mlaI hdka;%Khg jvd udOH - .=jka úÿ,sh" rEmjdysksh" cx.u ÿrlkh"

mß.Klh mokï lr.;a ikaksfõok cd,h w;sYhska jeo.;a nj wfma

ms<s.ekSu úh' ;%ia; úfrdaë jHdmdrfha we;eï l%shd ^,xld lïlre

fldx.%ia ld¾hd,fha isÿ jQ .egqu& udOHj, by<skau jd¾;d jQ w;r"

tfyhska wmg ,enqKq m%;spdr mqÿudlr úh' ud udOH fmk nqnq¨j,g

oeä wlue;a;la oelajQj;a h:d¾:h th nj uf.a o ye`.Su úh' rks,a

úl%uisxy 2005 ckdêm;sjrKfha § fkdis;+ ;rï uyskao rdcmlaIg

lsÜgq lf<a iq¿ cd;sl Pkaofhka muKla fkdj úoHQ;a udOHfhka Tjqka

isÿl< oejeka; m%pdrh ksidh' rfÜ ck;djf.ka 5]l muK Pkaohla

tyd fuyd lsÍug úoHQ;a udOH m%pdrh iu;a nj rks,a Tmamq lf<ah' fuh

wf;a uqo,a ke;s" wh:d l%uj,ska uqo,a fiùug hkafka;a ke;s fndfyda

foaYmd,lhskag r;= t<shls' ´kEu wh:d l%uhlska uqo,a fidhd úoHQ;a

84

udOH w;am;alr.; yels —m%idx.sl fudv, j,g˜ bÈßfha foaYmd,kh

jeä jeäfhka újD; ùug kshñ;h'

fï ish¨ lreKq is; ;ndf.k isxy, cd;sljd§ mlaIhla ;ekSu .ek

wms is;a fhduq lf<uq'

wmg is; is;d isákakg ld,hla fkd;sìKs' m%Ndlrka

ckdêm;sjrKhg fmr ;ñ,a B<u msysgqùu i|yd fõ.fhka l%shd

lrñka ;sìKs' jkaksh msi,Sfuka miq Tyq mrka;ka" w,suxlv

jg,Efõh' th b;d ie,iqï.; jg,Eula úh' fï w;r"

ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd pkaøsld" rks,a yd c'ú'fmka kkaok bÈßm;a jQy'

pkaøsld isáfha t;rï myiq ;;a;ajhl fkdfõ' fndfyda n,dfmdfrd;a;=

;nd isá idu hqoaOh mrdch fjñka ;sìKs' th r;aj;af;a lS f,i

Wml%ñl miqneiSula f,i ck;dj f;areï .;af;a ke;' tfukau weh

f*vr,a meflach f.ktaug ;e;alsÍfuka NslaIq uyd ix>hd w;r;a

isxy, cd;sl u; orkakka w;r;a msßyS isáhdh' rks,a ;uka úiska"

isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrhg we;=¿ l< NslaIQka yd .syshka yryd hï

muKlg isxy, n,fõ. u; wKil m;=rejd¨fhah' wm fkdisáhdkï

Tyq isxy, cd;sl n,fõ. .s,.kakg fndfyda ÿrg bv ;sìKs' cúfm

fl,skau udlaiajd§ wka;fha isg hqoaOh úfõpkh lf<ah' Tjqka ta

jkúg m<d;a md,k" m<d;a iNd wd§ Pkaoj,ska ,laI y;rl muK

Pkaohlao" Yla;su;a ldvrhla o f.dvk.df.k isá w;r" isxy, cd;sl

n,fõ. flf¾ jQfha o wj;lafiarejls' uqia,sï tlai;a úuqla;s

fmruqfKa bia,dóh uQ,O¾ujd§ka jQ uqðn¾ ryuka,d o" fou< tlai;a

úuqla;s fmruqfKa b;=re ì;=re o" fou< cd;sjd§ jdudxYslhka jQ

úl%undyq - jdiq wd§yq o 1999 ckdêm;sjrKfha § cúfmg iydh oelajQy'

rks,a idu idlÉPd i|yd f*vr,a úi÷ul Pdhdjla fhdackd l< w;r"

pkaøsld ish 1997 kj f*vr,a jHjia:dj foaYmd,k úi÷u f,i m%ldY

l<dh' rks,a w;sYh ;SrKd;aul f,i m%Ndlrkag jir 05l wka;¾

md,khla fhdackd l< w;r" pkaøsld ish ghsï (TIME) idlÉPdfõ§

wka;¾ md,kh jir 10lg fok nj m%ldY lr isáhdh' cúfm j¾.jd§

hqoaOh jydu k;r lr iudkd;au;djh u; fou< ckhdg iajhx md,k

m%foaY fokakg fmdfrdkaÿ jQfõh' miqj isxy, fldá kñka m%p,s; jQ

frdays; NdIK úiska" fufyh jQ ysre lKavdhu c'ú'fm m%pdrl

hdka;%Kh fufyhùh'

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85

m%Ndlrka ;Srlj l%shdlr ;sìKs' Tyqf.a b,lalh ù ;snqfKa ÿ¾j, lrk

,o —rks,a — flfkla n,hg f.ktkakgh' ckdêm;sjrKh wjika

jkúg w,suxlv we;=¿ hdmkhg hg;aùug i,iajd iaÓr rdcHhla

i|yd cd;Hka;r .súiqulg hEugh' fldákau hqo ch tlúgu

foaYmd,k chla lr.ekSugh' nd,isxyï ta i|yd hqyqiq¿j l%shdlrñka

isáfhah'

ta Èkh ug ;du;a u;lh' uu ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd lvj; ;snQ l=vd

ckyuqjla - ^th foaYm%sh w,yfldaka ixúOdkh l< tlls& - wu;d

wdmiq tñka isáfhñ' rks,a - pkaøsld hk lsisfjl=g;a Pkaoh fkd§

Pkaoh j¾ckh lsÍu wfma wNs,dIh úh' thg .xf.dvú, fidau

iajdñka jykafiaf.a o wkq.%yh ,eìKs' lvj; ykaÈh wi, § fïc¾

fckrd,a ,lS w,a.u" wkqreoaO r;aj;af;a m;=re .ikd y`v Yío

úldYkfhka weisKs' Tyq rks,af.a wdKavqfõ wdrlaIl weue;s nj isxy,

u; we;a;kag hQ'tka'mS ldrhska úiska mejiQfha rks,a rg mdjd §ug

hkjdh hkakg ms<s;=re f,ih' ,lS w,a.u kef.kysr uqod.;a l;dj

hqouh f,i we;a;la jqj;a ^1993& th ;ukaf.a foaYmd,k ch.%yKhla

f,i hQ'tka'mSh m%ldY lsÍu wuk úys¿jla úh' ukao kef.kysr mdjd

ÿkafka o ^1990& Tjqka úiska ùu ksidh' tÈk weiajdÜgqj yryd ud

meñKsfha fmruqfKa /,sho kslï oeln,d .ekSfï wdYdj iys;jh' ud

? fndajkakg fmr kjd;ekg meñKs w;r" m<uq wdrxÑh ta iu.

wdfõh' cd - we, hQ'tka'mS /,shg fndaïn m%ydrhla § ,laIauka w,a.u

urdoud we;s mqj; thska jd¾;d úh' m%Ndlrka rks,af.a —fndä.dâ—

l,skau bj;a lr ;sìKs' cdkl fmf¾rd hQ'tka'mSfhka foaYmd,khg

msúfik nj ug m%ldY l< úg ud Tyqg lSfõ Tng o ,lS w,a.ug jQ foa

isÿùug bv we;s ksid thska j<lsk f,ih' th Tyq weiQfõ ke;' isÿùï

folu tlu wdldrhg isÿúh' B<`.g jd¾;d jQfha pkaøsld >d;k jEhu

.ekh' ud y÷kk fld,a¨msáfha m%N+ ldka;djla lSfõ hQ'tka'mSfha msßia

oekgu chmeka fndk njh' ;ju;a WoEik ù fkd;sìKs' pkaøsld

isáfha Ôú;h yd urKh w;r" igklh' wfma foaYmd,kfha wkaO

uq.aoNdjh thska lemS fmksKs' fldá 1994 § .dñKS Èidkdhl >d;kh

lr pkaøsldg mdr lemQ wjia:dfõ§ Y%S',ks'm kdhlhska yeisrefKa o fï

wdldrhguh'

86

fmdÜgqwïudkaf.a b,lalh jerÈKs' pkaøsld Èú .,jd .;a w;r" weh

fj; wkqlïmdfõ /,a, .,d wdfõh' wm;a iu. Pkaoh j¾ckh lsÍug

.sh wh mjd pkaøsldg Pkaoh ÿkafka m%Ndlrkag mKsjqvhla §fï

mrud¾:h we;=jh' Pkao j¾ckh" Pkaohla .ekSug jvd wudre nj wms

jgyd .;suq' wfma Pkao j¾ck jHdmdrhg pkaøsld yd tia'îf.a uer

l,a,s ;Èka ndOd lf<dah' ta ish,a, ueo wms wêIaGdkYS,S l%shdoduhla

f.k.sh kuqÿ ck;dj Pkao wmf;a yeÍug wlue;s nj kej; wmg

fmkakd § ;sìKs'

ckdêm;sjrKhg fmr isxy, mlaIhla msysgqùu ms<sn| wms fkdfhla

fokd iu. woyia yqjudre lr .;suq' kS;s{tia't,a .=Kfialr jeks

jD;a;slhka fukau isxy, ùr úoyk jHdmdßlhka o ta w;r úh' ta

fomsßiu mdfya m%;sm;a;shla f,i mlaIhla msysgqùug tl`.jqj;a

mriamrhka o úh' ùr úoyk kdhlhska fhdackd l< mlaI jHjia:dfõ

jQ kdhlhdg ish¨ n,;, ,eîu jD;a;slfhda m%;slafIam l<y' TjqyQ

jvd;a ,sys,a m%cd;ka;%jd§ jHqyhla b,a,d isáhy' fomsßiu NslaIQka

jykafia mdlaIsl N+ñldjla r`.oelaùu .ek leue;a;la oelajQfha ke;'

th wfma fkdi;=gg fya;= úh' wka;sfï§ —cd;sl iúh— kñka mlaIhla

t<s oelaùug ùr úoyk ;SrKh lf<ah' ckdêm;sjrK m%;sM, ksl=;a

jkúg thg wod< oekaùï o m%pdrh úh' kuq;a ckdêm;sjrKfhka miq

ta woyi Tjqka w;ßka .s,syS .sfhah'

ckdêm;sjrKhg fmr flfia fyda w¨;a mlaIh msysgqjd ,Sug wmg

wjYH jQfha ckdêm;sjrKfhka miq jydu md¾,sfïka;=j úisrejd,Sug

pkaøsld l%shdlrkq we;ehs wms is;+ ksidh' th idudkHfhka isÿl<

hq;a;ls' ukao ckdêm;sjrKfha WKqiqu;a" wruqo,a wdÈh wjika ùfuka

úmlaIh ukao W;aidySùu;a ksid meyeÈ,s nyq;rhla tu.ska ,eìh yels

ùuh' kuq;a mqÿuhlg fuka pkaøsld tfia lf<a ke;' weh is;=fõ weh

.ek muKls' uyd ue;sjrKh fkdmj;ajd hQ'tka'mSfha fyd| ys; o

we;sj úOdhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydaisjk f*vr,a jHjia:djla ish

fojeks Oqr ld,h wjika ùfuka miq l%shd;aul l< yelshehs weh

is;kakg we;' mrdcfha w¿ ¥ú,s jid.kakg hQ'tka'mShg o l,a wjYH jQ

ksid Tjqka o kj jHjia:dj ieliSu i|yd ngysr ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,j,

wdYs¾jdofhka msúfikakg úh'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


87

fï w;r m%Ndlrka ish m%ydrfha fõ.h jeä lf<ah' hqoìfï wfma

i.hska jd¾;d lf<a w,suxlv flá l,lg jvd w,a,d isáh fkdyels

nj;a" hdmkfha wfma yuqod fldgqùu iaÓr nj;ah' ùr úoyk isxy,

mlaIh ms<sn| woyi w;ayeßh w;r" wfma W;aidyh wms

w;afkdyeßfhuq' jHdmdßlhka f,i >Dcqj foaYmd,khg msúiSfï§

we;sjk jHdmdßl wk;=r .ek wms o wjfndaO lr.;suq' kuq;a jD;a;Sh

lafIa;%j,ska È.gu fm<Uùu ;sìKs' fï w;r" hQtkamS md¾,sfïka;=

uka;%S ;s,la lreKdr;ak ;uka" mlaIfhka bj;aùug leu;s nj m%ldY

lf<ah' wms jydu mlaIhla msysgqùug leue;af;ka isák iq¿ msßi

w;f¾ idlÉPdjla le|jQfhuq' tÈk yßhgu rdc.sßfha § wkqreoaO

r;aj;a; b,lal lrf.k fldá m%ydrh t,a, jQ Èkh úh' rdc.sßh

m%foaYfha ie`.ù .sh fldá idudðlhka fidhd wdrlaIl yuqod

fufyhqï lr;a§ isxy, foaYmd,kh i|yd kj fufyhqula wms

je,a,j;af;a wks,a chj¾Ok uy;df.a fydag,fha § wdrïN lf<uq'

mlaIfha ku" jHqyh" jHjia:dj" m%;sm;a;s wdÈh .ek uQ,sl

tl`.;djhlska miq isxy, w¨;a wjqreoafoka miq mlaIh ks, jYfhka

msysgqùfï wruqKska úisr .sfhuq'

Èk lSmhlg miq hqo ìfuka wdrxÑ jQfha w,suxlvg W;=ßka m,af,hs

m%foaYh fldá w,a,df.k we;s w;r" wfma yuqod fldá .srhg yiq ù we;s

njh' 2000 isxy, wjqreoao f.jqfKa b;d ld<lKaKs f,ih' 1954 §

ähkaìhka mQ m%xY n,fldgqj ì|¨ f,i ;u yuqod w,suxlvg we;=¿ jQ

nj fldá m%ldY lf<dah' iaj¾Kï tys Och ti jQ nj geñ,afkÜ j¾;d

lf<ah' w,suxlv yuqod m%OdkS ì%f.aäh¾ m¾is m%kdkaÿ urd oeuqKq nj;a"

w;s oejeka; wú f;d.hla fldáka i;= jQ nj;a" jd¾;d úh' fuh 1996

isg n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQjls' uq,;sõ" ls,sfkdÉÑ" mrka;ka yd w,suxlv

jegqfKa tlu f,igh' tlu rgdjlgh' tlu hqo Wmdhlgh' th tfia

isÿjQfha wehs@ wfma Wmdhka w¨;a fkdjQfha wehs@ pkaøsld yd ux.,f.a

idu hqoaOh fÄojdplhlska wjika ùfï ,l=Kq my<j ;sìKs'

w,suxlv iqkan;a ùu;a iu. wdKavqj jeäuk;au ìh jQfha fldákag

fkdj wmgh' isxy, ck;djgh' /iaùï" fm<md,s ;ykï lrkd ,È' hqo

yuqod l=uka;%Khla .ek liq l=iq me;sr hk ,§' wú ìu ;nd wka;¾

cd;sl hg;aùfï .súiqula w;aika lr fin¿kg hdmkfhka bj;aùug

88

bvfok nj fldá m%ldY l<y' wdKavqfõ kskaÈ;lug iSudjla fkdùh'

pkaøsld fin¿ka fld<U f.ktau .ek idlÉPd lrkakg jQjdh'

bka§h yuqod kdhlhska fuys meñKs w;r" Tjqka iu. idlÉPd jQfha o

bka§h keõj,ska fin¿ fld<U f.ktau .ekh'

fï w;r" úY%dñl yuqod ks,OdÍfhl=f.a ksjfia§ Y%S ,xld yuqodfõ Wiia

ks,OdÍka msßila yuqjqfkñ' Tjqka ish¨fokdu lSfõ iemhqï f.khd

fkdyels ksid hdmkh w;ayeÍu yer wka úl,amhla ke;s njh' uu

Tjqkg lreKq ;=kla fmkakd ÿksñ' 1999 fkdjeïn¾ jkaks w;aoelSu

.ek m<uqj lSfjñ' m%Ndlrkag ish hqo ch.%yK /l.ekSug ;rï msßia

fyda .sks n,hla ke;s w;r" wm Tyqj wê;lafiare lr we;s nj;a" wfma

m%Yakh msßia fyda .sks n,h fkdj hqo udkisl;ajh ke;sùu nj;a

lSfjñ' wfkla w;g iemhqï ke;=j fldgqùu hqouh f,i ydkshla jqj;a

fmr<d igk —fidfydfka igk— (Death Ground Battle) ksid wfma

fin¿ka ;Srlj igka lrkq we;ehs o lSfjñ' ukao m<dhkakg w;la

fkdue;s ksidh' wfkla w;ska hqoaOh me/§ fld<U wdj;a fld<U

we;sjk le/,s uev,kakg .shfyd;a yuqodfõ wmlS¾;sh fo.=K

f;.=K ù we;eïúg rgu m%Ndlrkag hgjkq we;s nj o lSfjñ' ta ksid

flfia fyda l< hq;af;a uq¿ jerfhdod igka lsÍu nj;a" uq¿ rgu hqo

iQodkul ;eîu nj;a" lSfjñ' yuqod ks,OdÍka uola ta;a;=.;a nj ug

jegysKs' miqj yuqod uQ,ia:dkfha idlÉPdjla úh' fïc¾ fckrd,a

cdkl fmf¾rd hdmkhg heúks' wms wfma l%shdOrhka yd ysñjre iu.

hqo fmruqKg f.dia fin¿ka Èß.ekaùfï m%pdrl igklg tl;=

jqfkuq' iqÿ fk¿ï mrù ;j,ï wdmiq yer ù ;sìKs' fï w;r" cdkl

fmf¾rd uy;d wfma ys;jf;l=f.a ksjfia§ yuqjqfkñ' Tyqg igk

ch.ekSug wdYS¾jdo lrkd f,i Tyq b,a,d isáfhah' igk ch.ekSug

Tyqg iydhùug ´kEu lemùula lrkd nj Tyqg lSfjñ' igk ;=<

pkaøsld ìh.kajk iq¿ foaYmd,kh kï fkdlrk f,i Tyqf.ka

b,a,d isáfhñ' kuq;a wfma wjxl wruqKqj,g tf,iu l%shdldÍ ùug

fkdyels úh' cdkl fmf¾rd hQtkamSh iu. l=uka;%K lrkd njg

rdjhla me;sr .sfhah' ta Tyq úmlaI kdhl rks,ag hdmkfha isg

ÿrl;k weu;=ula §u ksidh' wka;sfï§ wkqreoaO r;aj;af;a we;=¿

msßila hdmkhg .shy' th iEu w;skau fyd|g .sfhah' pkaøsld hdmkh

w;ayeÍu .ek is;=j;a r;aj;af;a is;=fõ th flfia fyda /l.ekSughs'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


89

Tyqf.a w;S; {d;shd jQ f,õfla ue;s÷ fuka wd;au.re;ajh i|yd Tyq

;ksù isáfhah' kej; j;djla fldákaf.a hqo Yla;sh w;sYfhdala;shg

ke.Su úoyd olajñka hdmkfha ;Srl igk Tjqka mrdch úh' hdmkh

w,a,d .ekSug fldá l< igk úkdYfha ch.%yKhla" mhsfrla (Phyric

Victory) ch.%yKhla úh'

hdmkh /l.ekSfï igk wfma ch.%yKfhka fl<jr jqjo thska b;d

.eUqre foaYmd,k mKjqvhla ,eìKs' tkï Y%S ,xldfõ yd bkaÈhdfõ

foaYmd,k kdhlhskaf.a ìhiq¿" lmá" kskaÈ;" iajrEmhhs' úfYaIfhka

bkaÈhdj m%Ndlrka fjku rdcHhla we;slsÍu wka;su fudfydf;a fyda

j<lajhs hk wfma Wml,amkh je/È nj fmKs ;sìKs' m%Ndlrkaf.a hqo

ch fmkSfmkS ;sìh§ bkaÈhdj lsisÿ Wmldrhla fkdlf<ah' wmg

Wmldr lf<a mlsia:dkh yd Ökhhs' thska fmkS.ssfha î'fÊ'mS' md,kh

tys wdrlaIl weue;s jQ ls;=Kqfjl=" fldxka.%ia úfrdaêfhl= yd .dkaê

mjqf,a ffjrlaldrfhl= jQ fcd¾ma m¾kekavia ksid we;s;rug fldá

ys;jd§ ù we;snjh' î'fÊ'mS'fha kHdhdpd¾h yd ixúOdhl jQ

t,a'fla'woajdksf.a Ôú; l;dj ^My Country My Life& lshùfuka miq

ud f;areï .;af;a î'fÊ'mS h mjd m%p,s; fou< cd;sjd§ u;fhka tkï

,xldfõ fou< ckhd mSvdjg m;aj we;'fldá tys úuqla;sodhlhdh hk

u;fhka .e,eù .;a tlla fkdjk njhs'wfkla w;g î'fÊ'mS h ish

n%dyauK jxYsl lu miqmig oud ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ foaYmd,k mokula

oud .ekSu iòyd fou< ys;jd§ Wmdhlao f.k .sfhah' bkaosrd iy

rÔõ" fÊ'wd¾g mdvula b.ekaùug yd ;ñ,akdvq foaYdmd,k ke,eùug

^1983 - 89& m%Ndlrka ke,jQjdfia î'fÊ'mSho th ish moh lrf.k

;sìKs' fkd¾fõ rdcHh mjd ish fldá ys;jd§ ld¾hhka iòyd

î'fÊ'mSfha wdYs¾jdoh ,nd.;a nj miqj jd¾;d úh' fla'mS' fy<sorõ

lf<a Wvisg my<g bka§h foaYmd,kh ish me/Ks uqïndhs md;d,fha

lmamïj,ska Èkd.;a wdldrhhs' bkaÈhdj ljqá,a,hka f,i fkdj

fudavhska /,la f,i yeisfrk nj fmkS .sfhah' bkaÈhdfõ

î'fÊ'mS'mlaIfha m%n,fhla udyg 1997 j¾Ifha§ yuqúh' ,xldj ms<snò

fldka.%ia wdKavqj oelajQ isxy,hska i;=re msßila hk wdl,amh bj;alr

isxy,hska yd ,xld fj<òfmd, fydò wdYS¾jdohla f,i i,lk f,i

b,a,d isáfhñ' Tyq th ms<s.;af;ah'kuq;a î'fÊ'msh flka.%ihg;a jvd

fudav f,i m%Ndlrkaj úYajdi lrñka isáfhah'fï 1948 § fou<

90

;Hd.ï ikakoaO jHmdrh ^fmßhd¾f.a& u¾okh l< bkaÈhdkq

kdhlhskaf.a mrmqreuo @ tod fou< fnÿïjdoh iòyd uqia,sï w,sÔkakd

yd mSä; l< ksfhdackh l< wïfnâld¾f.a iydh fmßh¾ yd

wkakfod¾hs b,a,d isá w;r n%dyauK - yskaÿ úfrdaOh Tjqkf.a fmdÿ

moku úh' oeka n%dyauK - yskaÿ - uQ,O¾ujd§ka øúvia:dkh /lSug

bÈßm;aù we;so@ î'fÊ'msh yd tys yskaÿ;aj o¾Ykh .ek meye§ulska isá

udyg Tjqkaf.a fï ;ñ,akdvq wjia:djdoh .ek we;sjqfha ms<sl=,ls'

2009 uehs ui fõ¨ms,af,a yd fldá .,jd .ekSu iòyd ;ñ,akdvq

ue;sjrK fõÈldj î'fÊ'msh úiska Ndú;d l< wdldrfhka fmkS .sfha

Tjqkf.a uq.ao Wmdh ud¾.h fjkia fkdù we;s njhs'

2000 wm%sfh,a 19 jeksod wms iqNfudfyd;ska isy< Wreufha kj

jHjia:dj yd ks,OdÍ uKav,h wkqu; lr.ksuq' mlaIfha iNdm;s

f,i tiaa't,a' .=Kfialr uy;d;a" uyf,alï f,i ;s,la lreKdr;ak

uy;d;a" cd;sl ixúOdhl f,i ud;aa"NdKavd.dßl f,i fkú,a

lreKd;s,l uy;d;a" f;aÍ m;ajqy'wm%sfh,a 26 jeksod mokï

wdh;kfha§ wms mlaIh l<t<s neiaijQfjuq' rg mqrd fydò m%;spdr wmg

,enqKs' uykqjr" l=reKE., wd§ m%foaYj,o úYaj úoHd, uydpd¾hjre"

ffjoH" bxÔfkare yd jHdmdßl jD;a;slhka /ila wmg tlaúh' wms

kqf.af.dv§ m<uq ckyuqj iqodkï lf<uq'

pkaøsld wfma m<uq ckyuqj ;ykï l<dh' th m%cd;ka;%jd§j

meje;aùug .sh wmg l`ÿ¿ .Eia m%ydr t,a,úh' ta ckyuqj id¾:l jk

nj;a th isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrfha uyd bÈß msïula jk nj;a ux.,

iurùr jgd isá úcd;sl l,a,s yd c'ú'fm flajÜghska wjfndaO

lrf.k ;sìKs' ta oreKq u¾okh hgf;a jqj wms ;eka;ekaj,

wm%isoaêfha /iaùï meje;ajqfhuq' uykqjr /iaùu meje;ajqfha iqmsß

fj<ò ie,lh' .d,af,a /iaùu y¾uka .=Kr;ak uy;df.a j;=hdfha§hæ

cd;sl ixúOdhl f,i Wmßu Yla;sfhka mlaIh ixúOdkh lf<ñ' hï

fyda iajdëk ixúOdk cd,hla ;snqfKa l¿;r ;s,la lreKdr;ak

uy;dg muKs' wka lsisfjl=g ixúOdk cd,hla fkd;sìKs' wruqo,a

iòyd mqoa.,sl odhl;ajh yereKqúg fmdÿ l%ufõohla fkdúKs' r;k

ysñ uOHu ldrl iNdjg meñKSu je<elaùu iòyd NslaIqkg

foaYmd,kh wlemh hk igka mdGho ke.sKs' bx.%sis W.;a" kQ.;a

fNaoho isy< Wreuh ;=< u;=úKs' fïjd ishqï whqßka fkdj

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


91

l<ukdlrKh flrefKa ;rula r¿ whqßks' ys;aì£ï wdÈh fï ksid

uq,isgu meje;sKs'

uyd ue;sjrKhg fmr pkaøsld ;j;a fudav W;aidyhla orñka f*vr,a

meflach wkqu; lr.kakg W;aidy l<dh' fï w;r c'ú'fm by<gu

iïnkaO uf.a ys;jf;l= lSfõ isy< Wreuh ksid ,hska udre lsÍug

c'ú'fmg by<ska Wmfoia ,eî we;s njh' pkaøsldf.a f*vr,a meflach

wêIaGdkYS,S Wmjdihlska me/oùug wms bgd .;suq' yeä.,af,a

úu,idr ysñhka thg tlajQ w;r" wfma wr.,h Èk lSmhlau cd;sl

wr.,hla úh' pkaøsld meflach w;yer md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd

yeßhdh'

pkaøsldf.a meflach me/oùu iòyd úu,idr ysñhka udrdka;sl

Wmjdifhka ,o cjh ue;sjrKh iòyd wmg fydò W;af;aclhla úh'

Pkaoh iòyd wmg w;aoelSula fkdjQ w;r fndfydaÿrg mkai, yd

ysñjre Wmßu Yla;sh wmg ,nd ÿkay' uqo,a m%Yak uq,isgu úh' wfma

tx.,ka; YdLdfõ ffjoH rK;=x. m%uqL msßia yd m%xYfha lreKdkdhl

uy;d wmg iDcqj Wmldr lf<dah' fuys kï iòyka l< fkdyels yuqod

ks,OdÍka msßila wmg wdrlaIdj yd msßi ,nd§fuka Woõ lf<dah'fuys

kï iòyka l< fkdyels jHdmdßl uyf;la wfma m%pdrl jHdmdrfhka

nyq;rhl nr oerefõh'

ue;sjrK m%;sM, wfma fndfyda fokd wffO¾hg m;alr ;sìKs' Pkao

oyila jeks iq¿ m%udKhlska wmg fld<U wdikh wysñ úh' ud

ixúOdkh l< leianEj wdikh jeäu Pkaoh .;a w;r jeäu ukdmh;a

^37"550& jeäu ukdm m%;sY;h;a ̂ 75]& ,enqfKa udygh' ue;sjrKhg Èk

mylg fmr m%n, rdcH fkdjk ixúOdhlfhl= jQ l=i,a fmf¾rd úoHQ;a

;emE,g mKsjqvhla oud lSfõ isy< Wreuhg fld<ôka wiqkla tk

nj;a th ,efnkafka jeo.;a uy;ajrekag fkdj isxy, *eisiaÜ kdhl

pïmsl rKjlg nj;a l=uk l%uhlska fyda th je<elaúh hq;= nj;ah'

isy< Wreuh ìyslsÍfï§u wmg úÑlsÉcdjla úh' tkï mlaIhla

ìyslsÍug ;rï wm ixúOdkd;aul o@ foaYmd,k tald.%;j o mßK;o

hkakh' ta .ek lsjhq;af;a ta folu wmg ksis muKg fkd;snQ njh'

92

rfÜ wjYH;jh wmg m%uqL úh'ikaksfõokh yryd f.dvkef.k

cd,h .ek wms úYajdi lf<uq' wfma ìòjeàuo ta yrydu isÿúh'

ue;sjrKh wjidkfha wms uOHu ldrl iNdj /ia lf<uqæ wmsg tl`ÿ

Èia;s%lalhl fyda wdikhla ke;s nj ta jkúg oek isáfhuq' bÈßfha§ o

mrdch fkd;ld lghq;= lrkakg ish,a,ka ;SrKh l<o mlaIh

fu;ekska wjidk nj foaYmd,kh o;a ish,af,dau oek isáhy'

yÈisfhau cd;sl ,ehsia;=fjka wmg wdikhla ,eî we;s nj jd¾;d úh'

ta jkúg fndfyda fofkla iNdfjka msgù isáhy' cd;sl ,ehsia;= Oqrhg

m;alrkafka ljqrekaoehs miqj ;SrKh lruq hkak woyila f,i

bÈßm;a jqjo thg tia't,a'.=Kfialr uy;d m;al< hq;= njg uydpd¾h

bkaør;ak we;=¿ we;eï msßila ;rfha m%ldY lr isáhy' Tyq thg

kqiqÿiafila fkdùh' kuq;a wfma ;reK msßia yoj;g uq,a;ek§

l%shdl<y' iuyre bkaør;ak uy;df.a hdno msysá ksjig f.dia l,n,

we;slr .;ay'fndfyda fofkl=g wjYH jQfha úfõlmdvqfõ fï ms<snò

idlÉPdlr ;SrKhla .ekSuhs' mlaIh fjkqfjka .=álñka fjfyi

uykais jQ fndfyda fofkla ;uka tlS jeo.;a ;SrKj,ska bj;a

lf<ahehs fldamù isáhy' Tjqka ish fldamh m< lf<a ta iòyd udju

m;al< hq;= nj lshñks' wfkla msßi .=Kfialr uy;dju m;al<

hq;=nj lSfjdah' wka;sfï§ fndfyda wudrefjka fomsßiu tlaù uOHu

ldrl iNdjla meje;ajQfhuQ' ta jkúg wmj f.dvke`.= udOH wmj

úkdY lr ;sìKs' úcd;sl n,fõ. wfma msì§u ;sôßf.h§u keiSug

is;df.k isáfhdah' c'ú'fm ish me/Ks Kh ish,a, .ekSug iQodkñka

Wmßu f,i ish m%pdrKh wmg tfrysj uqodyeßfhah' ta jkúg

c'ú'fmg wdik 10 la ,eî fydò ue;sjrK m%;sM,hla ,eî ;sìKs'

l,ska uOHu ldrl iNdfõ kHdh m;%fha fkdjQ ksid;a thg nyq;rh

iyNd.S fkdjQ ksid;a bÈß ihjir iòyd mlaIhg fï tlu wiqk b;d

jeo.;a ksid;a fï ms<snò .eUqre f,i ixjdo lr ks.ukhlg wd hq;=

nj ckdêm;s kS;s{pQ,d o is,ajd wdrïNfha§u m%ldY lf<ah'mlaIfha

iu.sh ;Srl fyhska wjYH kï fuh m;afkdlr wms wfma lghq;=

lruqhs fmardfoKsfha ysgmq Wml=,m;s uoaÿu nKavdr uydpd¾h;=ud

lSfõh' wka;sfï§ nyq;r ;SrKh jQfha ud;a" .=Kfialr uy;d;a

fofokdu fkdj uyf,alï ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;d

m;alsÍugh'mlaIh folv úh'fpdaokd m%;sfpdaokd we;súh' l%shdOrhska

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


93

wm iu. /ÿk;a Pkao odhlhd wfmka fjkaúh' ;=jd,h iqjlr .ekSug

fndfyda l,la hkq we;snj wfma ye`.Su úh' udi lSmhlg miq ;s,la

lreKdr;ak uy;d Oqrh ug mejerefõh'by< uKav,fha

mQ¾Kld,Skfhl= f,i foaYmd,kfha fhÿfka ud muKs' fï ksid

md¾,sfïka;= uka;S% Oqrh mQ¾Kld,Sk foaYmd,khg uy;a rel=,la úh'

md¾,sfïka;=jg tk udj /.a lsÍu iòyd mlaIfha whj¨kaf.ka ;ukg

fhdackdjla wd nj;a kuq;a uf.a m<uq l;dj ̂th mßirh .ek úh& weiq

muKska ;u woyi w;ayer.;a nj;a miqj à'ufyaIajrka uy;d m%ldY

lr isáfhah' ug m<uq Èkfha ndOd lf<a wiaj¾ yd ufkda úfÊr;ak

fofm<h' ta rks,af.a bf.kakqï nygh' miqj Tjqka ish¨fokd uf.a

ñ;=rka úh' 17 jk ixfYdaOkh u.ska iajdëk fldñIï iNd iòyd

cd;sjd§ mokñka jHdjia:d iNdj msysgqùu úreoaO;ajh m<l< tlu

uka;%S uu ùñ' miqj 17 jeks ixfYdaOkh yd iajdëk fldñIï miqj

úldrhla njg m;aúh' we;a;gu fmdÿ fmruqK yd c'ú'fm i;s folla

md,k n,h È.=lr .ekSu iòyd l< foaYmd,k úldrhls th'

foaYmd,kfhka f;dr rdcH fiajhla b;d fydòh' kuq;a wms lreKq

folla f;areï .; hq;= fjuq' ,xldfõ isÿjQ f,dl=u jxpd ^jeÜ

jxpdj"fyaÔka iQÿj" rlaIKh yd f;,a mqoa.,SlrKh& isÿlf<a

ks,OdÍkah' rdcH fiajh foaYmd,k ¥Is;hkaf.ka bj;alr ks,OdÍ

¥Is;hkag ,nd§fuka m,la ke;' fojekak rdcH fiajd fldñIï ̂ rdcH

fiajd" ue;sjrKh" fmd,Sia" kS;s& m;alsÍï uQ,sl jHjia:d iNdj

m;alrkafka foaYmd,lhskah' tho cd;sfNaoh wkqjh tys isxy,

ksfhdackhla ke;' fufia fyhska tlS 17jeks ixfYdaOkhg tfrysjQ

tlu uka;S% f,i wog;a ug wdvïnrhla oefka' ud md¾,sfïka;=fõ

isáh§ isÿjQ ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jQfha isxyrdch we;=¿ jkdka;r

tlai;a ckmohg mejeÍug .sh .súiqu mrdch lsÍug yels ùuh'

md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< mlaI kdhlhd;a" tlu ksfhdaÔ;hd;aa ud ùu ksid

fndfyda foa bf.k .ekSug ug yelsúh'

úfYaIfhkau wdkkao ix.ß jeks fou< kdhlhska iu. md¾,sfïka;=

mlaI kdhl yuqfõ§ woyia .eàug ,eîu f,dl= w;aoelSula úh'

l:dkdhl f,i wkqr nKavdrkdhl uy;d iajdëk fufyhla lf<ah'

úfYaIfhka w.úksiqre ir;a is,ajdg tfrysj Tyq ,ndÿka ;Skaÿj b;d

ks¾Ns; tlla úh'

94

kuq;a wfma fomd háka fõ.fhka úcd;sl n,fõ. l%shd;aul fjñka

;sìKs' fldá ixúOdkh lgqkdhl .=jkaf;dgqm<g myrÿka w;r ̂ 2001&

rfÜ wd¾Ólh m%:u j;djg >Dk wd¾Ól j¾Okhla fmkajQfhah'

udjke,af,a we;sjQ uqia,sï - isxy, flda,dy,h mokï lrf.k tia'î'

ylSïj úfõpkh lf<ah' fndfyda fokd ta m%Yakfha§ isxy, uqjyug

;änd;a§ tys f.dia mdjd§ ;snq isxy,hskaf.a wNsudkh /lÿkafka wmh'

wka;sfï§ ylSï úmlaIhg .sfhah' miqmiska tia'î'o wdfõh' nkaÿ,

.=Kj¾Ok yd tia'î' hk fofokd iu. u Tjqkaf.a ms,audrej .ek uu

l;d lf<ñ' Tjqkg .e,fmkafka hQ'tka'mSh fkdj Y%S','ks'm

foaYmd,kh nj uu wjxlj úYajdi lrkd nj lSfjñ' tfy;a Tjqka

fjkia jQfha ke;' Ô't,a' weue;s;=ud ug fmkajd ÿkafka pkaøsldf.a

wdld¾hIu md,kfha iajrEmhhs' we;eï úg Tjqka ish¨fokd isÿùï

úiska fyïn;aù isáhd úh yelsh' kuq;a fldáhd l=reudkï w,a,kafka

fjk fohlg nj uf.a woyi úh'

lgqkdhl m%Ndrh iu. ckn,fufyhqu wdfõh' blauKska wdKavqj

fmr<sh hq;=njg úmlaIfha u;hla úh' kuq;a úmlaI kdhl rks,a

.Kka ne¨fõ wdKavqj 2001 § fkdj fmr<sh hq;af;a 2005 §

ckdêm;sjrKhg fmr njh' Tyq foaYmd,ksl jYfhka ksjerÈ úh'

kuq;a ;Èhïlrefjda fldá yd úcd;sl i,a,s u¨ úiska l=,mamq lrkq

,ÿj wdKavqj fmr<d .;af;dah' th fmr<d.;af;a th wfkla me;a;g

fmr<d .ekSu iòyd bvlvla fmruqKg yd c'ú'fmg ,nd foñks' Tjqka

ta foa l<d muKla fkdj ckdêm;sjrKfhka kej;;a hQ'tka'mShg

n,hg taug ;snQ bvlv wyqrd oeñKs' ta wre;ska 2005 rks,a mrdch jQfha

2001 ckn, fufyhqu ksidh'

2001 ue;sjrKhg wms jvd;au ixúOdkd;aulj bÈßm;a jqfkuq' ñ;%

fj;aa;uqks jeks fydò kj uqyqKq tl;= lr.;af;uq' kuq;a udOH yryd

ìò ouñka ;snQ wfma m%;srEmh f.dvke`.S ;snqfKa ke;' tfukau

hQ'tka'mSfha m%pdrh tkï wd¾Ólh f.dv.ekSu yd iduh .ek fndfyda

jD;a;slhka wdl¾IKh úh' wmg ;snqKq wiqko wysñ ù .sfhah' wmg

,efnk jD;a;sl mdfjk Pkaoh wjia:dj yd f;audj u; ,efnkakla

nj kej; Tmamq úh' ;j;a ÿIalr .ukla hEug jknj thska wjfndaO

lr .;suq'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


95

2001 ue;sjrK mdrdch wmg muKla fkdj iuia; cd;sl

jHdmdrhgu ;shqKq f,i n,mEfõh' fld<U kd.ßl W.;a Pkao

odhlhd ish idu jHdmD;shg hï muKlg Èkd.kakg hQ'tka'mSS fha

oejeka; m%pdrl udOHh iu;a úh' kj udOH h:d¾:fha n,h ;jÿrg;a

meyeÈ,s úh' tl w;lska th isy< Wreuh mrokakg;a isy< úfrdaëka

ch.%yKh lrjkakg;a fhdodf.k ;sìKs' miq lf,l ug

íafÜ%,shdfõ meje;s isxy, iuq¿jl § yuq jQ Y%S,xlslfhl= wmQre

fy<sorõjla lf<ah' ;uka tla;rd ngysr ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hla iu.;a

hQ'tka'mS fha m%pdrl uOHia:dkh iu.;a tlg lghq;= l< w;r"

,xldfõ isxy, cd;sl n,fõ. mrdch lsÍu i|yd kef.kysr

hqfrdamfha me/Ks fldñhqksiaÜ wdKavq mrdch lsÍug udOH fufyh jQ

ì%;dkH cd;slfhl=f.a Wmfoia ,enqKq wdldrh fyf;u meyeÈ,s

lf<ah' Tjqka úoHQ;a yd uqøs; udOHj, wkq.ukh lrkd Wml%u lSmhla

m%ldY l< Tyq tajdhska m%fõYï jk f,i lshd isáfhah' ;j;a jrla

fmd,sia T;a;=fiajd wxYj, m%Odkshl= ish i.fhl= iu. ud

weue;sjrfhl= jQjdg miq yuqúh' m%Odkshdf.a i.hd ug fyd¢ka oel

miajeks È.yereu

idu w÷r ueo wreK¨

96

mqreÿ uqyqKla úh' miqj Tyq ug lSfõ ;uka ;%ia; úfrdë cd;sl

jHdmdrh" isxy, ùr úoyk yd isy< Wreuhg tla ù isá njhs' tu

ixúOdk we;=<;ska ì| oeóu i|yd l=vd w¾nqo uyd w¾nqo njg Tjqka

fmr¿ wdldrh Tyq meyeÈ,s lr ÿkafkah' jrla ùr úoyk ld¾hd,fha

fiajh l< wfhl=f.a u< f.org .shl, wmg oek.kakg ,enqfKa Tyq

cd;sl T;a;= fiajdfõ ks,Odßfhl= njhæ ixúOdk w;r" u;=jk l=vd

w¾nqo tajd úisr hjk uyd w¾nqo njg m;ajk" m;alrk wdldrh wmg

jegyqfKa fndfyda foa isÿùfuka miqjh'

ue;sjrK mrdcfhka miq wm w;r w¾nqo we;súh' fndfyda fofkl=g

f;areï.; fkdyelsjQfha jir 2000 uyd ue;sjrKhg idfmalaIj b;d

fyd| mQ¾K ld,Sk cd,hla" ixúOdkd;aul ue;sjrK jHdmdrhla lemS

fmfkkd w¨;a uqyqKq wdÈh bÈßm;a l< o wfma Pkao m%udKh wvlska

wvq jQfha flfia o hkakh' cd,hg jvd udOH u.ska we;sjk u;jdofha

n,j;alu kej; Tmamq úh' jir 2006 § —.u cúfmg— igka mdGh

hgf;a c'ú'fm ,nd.;a Pkao m%udKh jir 2009 § wvlska fkdj

fndfyda ia:dkj, 1$5 olajd wvqjQfha o fï ksiduh' úu,a ùrjxY -

kkaok .=K;s,l uy;ajrekaf.a bj;aùfuka c'ú'fm mQ¾Kld,Sk

cd,hg úYd, ydkshla fkdjqj o u;jd§ ;,fha udOH h:d¾:fha we;s jQ

lvdjeàu w;s úYd, úh' bÈß ld,j, § lemù lrkd cd,.;

foaYmd,kh fjkqjg udOH u.ska iy fjk;a wdldrj,ska isÿ lrk

n,h m%o¾Ykh lsÍfï m%o¾Ylhska ch.%yKh lsÍfï bvlv fndfyda

ÿrg jeä nj f;areï.; hq;= lreKls' fï h:dj f;areï.ekSu fjkqjg

wm mlaIh ;=< isÿ jQfha wfma fojeks fm< lemjqKq kdhlhska w;r"

u;hla we;sjQfha m<uq fm< isá kdhlhska ̂udo we;=¿j& ksjerÈ Wmdhka

yd lemùï isÿ fkdlrk ksid fï mrdchka w;ajk njgh' Tjqka

fndfyda fofkla fjk fjk;a ixúOdk we;s lr.ekSu i|yd fhduq jQy'

uq,a ld,fha§ wm fjkqfjka fndfyda lemùï l< iqð;a wlalrj;a;

thska tla wfhla úh' Tyq wfmka fjkaù .sfhah' ;j;a fndfyda fokd o ta

f,i fjkaù .sh w;r" ta fndfyda fofkla wjidkfha hQ'tka'mSfha

jHdmdßlhka w;r k;r úh'

fï w;r" wm iu. tlajQ jeäysá jHdmdßlhka" jD;a;Shfõ§ka wd§ka o

wl¾ukH jQjd fyda fjk;a mlaIj,g tlaùu isÿúh' NslaIQka jykafia,d

o fjk fjk;a ixúOdk iu. l%shdlrkakg jQy'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl

;%ia;jdohg;a tys iyhlhkag;a tfrysj wms ieuod ke.S isáfhuq' ^2002&

fmdx.= ;ñ,a Wf<, keje;aúh

ckdêm;sjrK igk" kqf.af.dv /<sh ^2005&

97

fï b;du;a ÿIalr iuh ;=< pß; lsysmhla cd;sl jHdmdrh i|yd

lemùfuka tlajQy' thg kdhl;ajh §ug ksrdhdifhkau u;= ù wdy'

tys§ l,l isg úúO uÜgfuka wm iu. isá Woh .ïukams," ksYdka; Y%S

j¾Kisxy yd tÉ'tï'Ô'î' fldglfoKsh uy;ajre lemS fmkqky' Tjqka

isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrhg lemùug ;SrKh lf<a th tys ÿIalru

wjêhg jeà wkd.;hla fkdfmfkk ;;a;ajhg m;aù me/Ks

kdhlhska fndfyda fofkla th w;ayer .sh wjia:dfõ§h' miqj Tjqka

ish¨fokdu cd;sl kdhlhska njg m;ajQy'

w;afkdyer wfma wr.,h fmrg f.khd hq;= njg wm w;r" wd;aóh

tl`.;djhla we;súh' thg fya;+ folla úh' tlla kï ish mjq,a Ôú;"

wd¾Ól iúh" iudc ;;a;ajhka fï ish,a, cd;sfha ksoyi fjkqfjka

leml< oyia .Kkla ñksiqka yd .eyekqkaf.a Ôú;j, j.lSu wm u;

/£ ;sîuh' fojekak jvd jeo.;a úh' wm igka lf<a hï wruqKla

i|yd o ta wruqK wkaljrodg;a jvd wjYH jd;djrKhla rfÜ

f.dvke`.S ;sîuh' m%Ndlrka uyd msïula bÈßhg mKsñka isáfhah' th

wdmiq yerúh fkdyels §¾> bÈß msïula ùu je<elaùu wfma wNsfhda.h

úh'

m%Ndlrka Bkshd idu .súiqulg 2002 § .uka lf<a Th w;rh' Tyq

tjekaklg wdfõ lreKq lSmhla ksidh' tlla kï hqouh fya;+kah' 1995

isg ßú/i" chisl=re wd§ fufyhqïj,g uqyqK §fuka fldá

ixúOdkfha 12"000la muK ñhf.dia ;sìKs' fï ksid kj msßia

n|jd.ekSu;a Tjqkg ukd mqyqKqjla ,nd§u;a" Tjqkf.a hqo

wjYH;djhla úh' tfukau .ß,a,d jHdmdrhl isg hqo" .=jka" kdúl

iïm%odhsl yuqodjla njg m;aùfï hqo wjYH;djh o Tyqg úh' ta i|yd

wjYH hqo WmlrK iy ixúOdk jHqyh f.dvke`.Su fojeks b,lalh

úh' ta w;r" hï Èfkl ,xldju w,a,d .ekSu i|yd mqoa.,hska"

WmlrK rgmqrd ia:dk.; lsÍu o W;=re yd kef.kysr fom<d;

iyuq,ska hg;alr .ekSu i|yd jQ hqo uQf,damdhka ieliSuo" bkaÈhdj

wd§ rgj,a mjd ìh.ekaùu i|yd ridhksl fyda yelskï kHIaÀl wú

mjd ,nd.ekSu o Tyqf.a b,lalh úh' m%Ndlrkag foaYmd,ksl

wjYH;djhka o úh' uQ,slu lreK jQfha 1999-2000 jirj, jkaks -

w,suxlv hqo fmruqfKa Tyq ,enQ ch.%yKhka foaYmd,k ch.%yKhka

lr.ekSuh' BY%dh,fha hqo ùrhd jQ fudfIa ohdka úiska" rÑ; iajhx


98

pß;dmodkh lshùfuka ud ,o uQ,slu oekqu jQfha hqo ch.%yK

foaYmd,k ch.%yK lsÍug fl;rï wmyiq o hkakh' iskdhs ̂ 1959& Èk

yfha hqoaOh ^1967&" fhdï lsmq¾ igk ^1973& wd§ igkaj, § BY%dhf,a

yuqod ,nd.;a" f,dj uú; lrjQ hqo ch.%yK foaYmd,k ch.%yK

lrf.k cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r f,i w,a,d.;a m%foaY BY%dfh,a rdcHfha

fldgia f,i ms<s.ekSug ,lalr .ekSug we;s jQ wmyiq;djh thska

fudfIa ohdka ukdj meyeÈ,s lr we;' kuq;a m%Ndlrka ish fkd¾fõ

WmfoaYlhskaf.a Wmfoia u; jir 03la hkakg u;af;ka ish hqo

ch.%yK foaYmd,k úch.%yK lr.;af;ah' 1995 pkaøsld iu.

we;slr.;a igka úrduhg jvd bÈßhg f.dia ish n,y;aldÍ m%foaY

ffk;sl m%foaY njg cd;sl yd cd;Hka;rj ms<s.ekSulg ,lalr

.;af;ah' ta w;r" ks, jYfhkau úfoaY rgj,g Tyqg Wmldr lr.;

yels wdldrhka ;kd .;af;ah' jrla ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;d yd uu

cmdk ksfhdað;hka yuq jQ úg Tjqka úiska" fldákaf.a Bkshd idu uy

f,alï ld¾hd,h f.dvke.Sug wruqo,a ,nd§u .ek m%Yak lr th hqo

wmrdOhla f,i fmkajd Èksuq' cmkqka ta ms<sn|j lSfõ Y%S,xld rcfha

wkq oekqu we;sj th l< nj;a" ;j;a fndfyda rgj,a tf,i l%shdlrkd

nj;ah' miqj fy<s jQ whqre uqyqÿ Wux" iíueÍk" fgdamsfvda" .=jka hdkd"

.=jka m:" ñihs, wd§ WmlrKj, isg Wux ud,s.d olajd fndfyda foa

úfoaY rgj,a ta Èkj, f.dvk`.d ÿka tajd nj fy<s úh' foaYfm%aó f¾.=

ks,Odßfhl= ud yg ,ndÿka T;a;=jla ksid Tref.dvj;af;a

lkafÜkrhl r|jd ;snQ ieye,a¨ .=jkahdkd folla w;awvx.=jg

.kakg o wdKavqjg yelshdj ,eìKs' iqkdñhg uqjdù o ie,lsh hq;=

úfoaY iydhla fldákag .,d wdfõh' uq,a ld,fha § fmardfoKsh yd

fudrgq úYaj úoHd,j, bxðfkarE mSGj, isá fou< uydpd¾hjreka yd

bxðfkarejka lSmfofkl= l< hï hï ks¾udK fjkqjg cd;Hka;r

úfYaI{hskaf.a iydh ,xld wdKavqj yrydu fldákag ,efnkakg úh'

wfkla w;ska w,alhsod 9$11 m%ydrh ksid f,dj mqrd we;sj ;snQ ;%ia;

úfrdaë f.da,Sh ix.%dufhka .e,ù .kakg o fï .súiqu ksid fldákag

yels úh' kef.kysr wdishdfõ w,alhsod cd,h tlai;a ckmo

T;a;=fiajdj,g mdjd§fuka fldá ngysr iu. fyd| ys; ;kd.;af;dah'

fldá yd w,alhsod cd,h w;r" we;sjQ ;dlaIKsl yd fjk;a .kqfokq

ms<sn| úia;rd;aul igykla uq,skau isxy, mdGlhdg bÈßm;a lf<a

w,alhsod w,aðydoa lD;sfhka ud úisks' miqj fldá tlai;a ckmo

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl

99

T;a;=fiajdj úksúo hkakg o kef.kysr wdishdj yd W;=re wm%sldj

w;r" flreKq kHIaÀl cd,hg ßx.kakg o W;aidy l< w;r" wkak

t;ek§ tlai;a ckmoh ìhg m;aù Y%S ,xld rchg fldákaf.a kdúl

cd,h ms<sn| jeo.;a f;dr;=re ,ndÿkafkah' tlai;a ckmoh fldákag

tf,i fmdä mdvula b.ekaùfuka miq wjika fudfydf;a th

.,jd.kakg o l%shd lf<ah' l=udrka m;aukdoka w;awvx.=jg m;ajk

úg Tyq ngysr T;a;=fiajdj, /ljrKh hgf;a isá njg we;eï ngysr

ckudOHkau jd¾;d lr ;sîfuka fï in|;djhka jvd;a meyeÈ,s úh'

m%Ndlrka lrkak hk foh meyeÈ,s jQj;a rks,a lrkakg hk foh uq,§

wmg jegyqfKa ke;' wka;¾ cd;sl idu iu iNdm;sjrekaf.a tl;=jla

we;sl< w;r tys bkaÈhdj isáfha ke;' th wka;¾cd;sl wdrlaIl

oe,la f,i rks,a m%ldY l< w;r" m%Ndlrka idu l%shdodufhka

bj;aùfuka miq ̂ 2003 wm%sfh,a& tlS wdrlaIl oe, m%Ndlrka h<s iduhg

f.k tkakg lsisjla isÿlf<a o ke;' wfkla w;ska bkaÈhdjg .sh

rks,a ,xldj bkaÈhdfõ ol=Kq ksoyia fjf<| l,dmfha wLKav

fldgila tkï fjf<| m%dka;hla lr.kakd f,i b,a,d isáfhah' 1999

jif¾§ bkaÈhdfõ ysgmq ckdêm;s wí¥,a l,dï úiska" rÑ; bkaÈhdfõ

wkd.;h .ek jQ lÈu lD;shla lshùñ' tys§ mlsia;dkq yd Ök ñihs,

moaO;sj,ska wdrlaId jQ ñ,sgß w.kqjrla ^nex.f,darh& yd bx.%Sis ni

fyd¢ka o;a" yskaÿ ixialD;sh o ia:dms; fkdjQ ol=fKa m%dka; tlu

fjf<| l,dmhla lsÍula .ek;a ^Ökh Iexyhs ìysl<d fia& l;dlr

;sìKs' fia;+ iuqøï we< bkaÈhdfõ ngysr yd kef.kysr kdúl l,dm

tlalrkd hqouh udj;la jQ w;r" ukakdrfï isg ;%Su,h yd ud;r

hdfjk wdishdkq wêfõ.S ud¾. cd,h bkaÈhdkq fjf<| fmd< ,xldjg

jHdma; lsÍfï u.la úh' rks,a tljr bkaÈhdfõ jdKsc mrud¾: yd

ngysr f,dalfha foaYmd,k mrud¾: bgqlrkafka flfiao lshd

úu;shla ud yg my< úh' bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh yd Ökfha wd¾Ól

jHdma;jdoh md,kh lsÍug bkaÈhdj ngysrg w;HjYH foaYmd,k-

hqouh mokula jqj;a wd¾Ól w;ska jefvkd bkaÈhdj ;jÿrg;a ;ukag

reÑ f,i md,kh l< fkdyels nj ngysr fyd¢ka oek isáfhah'

Ökfha yd bkaÈhdfõ .=jka" id.r jHdma;sh md,kh lsÍu yd f;dr;=re

,nd.ekSu i|yd ,xldj ngysr f,dalhg úfYaIfhka tlai;a ckmohg

w;HjYH jqj;a bkaÈhdj thg leu;sjkq we;ehs ug ms<s.; fkdyels


100

úh' È,a,sfha m¾kekaviaf.a wdrlaIl wud;HdxYh yd ñiardf.a w.ue;s

ld¾hd,h w;r" rks,ag l=uk in|;d ;snqK o bka§h iajdêm;Hh

m%Yak flfrkd ;ekg ,xldfõ idu l%shdoduh m;ajQ odg rks,af.a fï

úÊcd oelau wjika jk nj wms jgyd .;suq' bka§h kdjql yuqodm;s

úIaKq N.jdka m<uq fjä,a, m;a;= lf<ah' fcda¾â m¾kekavia bka§h

wdrlaIl weue;s bka§h kdúl yuqodj w,a,d.;a fldá kej ksoyia

lrk f,i l< ksfhda.h úIaKq N.jdka fkd;ld yeßfhah' jrla wms

bka§h uy flduidßia ksrEmï fika ^2003& yuq jQ úg Tyq lSfõo

m%Ndlrka iïm%odhsl yuqodjla yd úl,am rdcHhla iduhg uqjd ù

f.dvke.Su .ek bkaÈhdj iSrefjka isákd njh' bka§h uyd

flduidßia ld¾hd,fha ùÿrej,ska ,xldfõ ngysr uqyqÿ ;Srh fmkajQ

fika uqyqÿ m%ydrhlska ;u ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h mjd úkdY lsÍug

Tjqkg yelshdj ,eî we;ehs ìh m<lf<ah'

rks,ag jeäl,la lUfha hkakg neßnj wm ish,a,kag meyeÈ,s úh'

ksrEmï fika yuqjkakg bka§h uyflduidßia ld¾hd,hg .sh wfma

ksfhdað; msßfia fndfyda fofkla jD;a;Sh bxðfkare fyda úoHd{fhda

jQy' wfma jD;a;Sh miqìu úuiSfuka miq Tyq wmQre fohla lSfõh' tkï

Tyq ,xldjg meñKs wjia:dfõ§ uy flduidßia ld¾hd,h ks;r

f;dr;=re ,nd.kakd fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha l=m %lg

uydpd¾hjrfhl=f.ka isy< Wreuh .ek úuiq úg tys isákafka kQ.;a

ria;shdÿldrhska msßila nj;a" bkaÈhdkqjka yd fou¿ka ueÍu Tjqkf.a

tlu mrud¾:h nj;a m%ldY l< njhs' bka§h uyflduidÍia ld¾hd,h

ish fldlafÜ,a idoj,g wdrdOkd lrkd iSud iys; msßi u;ska ,xldj

oelSfï nrm;,lu ;udg oeka wjfndaO jQ nj o fyf;u lSfõh'

,xldfõ isxy, cd;sl jHdmdrh bkaÈhdfõ Ndr;Sh ck;d mlaIh jeks

udOHñl W.;=kaf.a jHdmdrhla f,i Tyq y÷kdf.k ;sìKs' bkaÈhdj

ks;ru fou< yd iq¿ cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIlhd f,i fmkS fkdisg

isxy,hska o ;u ñ;=rka f,i i,lk f,i wms b,a,d isáfhuq' 1989 isg

bkaÈhdj cúfm iu`. lsÜgq in|;d f.dvk`.df.k ;snqfKah' ljqre;a

fkdokakjd jqjo j¾Ordcdf.a wdKavqjg ,enqKq we;eï bka§h wú

f;d. c'ú'fmg o 1989 w.Nd.fha § ,eìKs' ta jkúg c'ú'fm isáfha ì£

úisÍ hñks' c'ú'fm b;=re ì;=re jQ kdhlhska mK fírd.;af;a

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


101

bkaÈhdfõ /ljrK u; bkaÈhdjg mek .ekSfuks' ta bkaÈhdkq

fmdf<dfõ isg bkaÈhdkq jHdma;jdoh mrdch lrkakg kï fkdfõ'

2004 uyd ue;sjrKhg ishrg meñKs c'ú'fm kdhl wurisxy uy;d

l¿;r § l< m<uq l;dfõ § m<uqfjkau ia;+;s lf<a ;u mKfírd ÿka

bkaÈhdjgh' bkaÈhdjg mlaI ùfï fpdaokdj u; Tjqka úiska" urdoeuQ

jdudxYsl kdhlhska ñkSj<j,a isg jqj o;al+rE lkakg" bkaÈhdjg

tfrysj igkg hjd >d;khg ,lajQ cúfm idudðlhkaf.a wd;auhka

folv lrkakg ta iajhx úfõpkh iu;a úh' flfia fj;;a ksrEmï

fika uy;d isxy, foaYmd,kh iu. o újD;j .kqfokq lrkakg

meñKs m%:u bka§h rdcH ;dka;%slhd úh' th bkaÈhdj ,xldj flf¾

;enQ ksjerÈ mshjrla úh' ish fldlafÜ,aj,g tk iSud iys; msßi

úiska" ,xldj ms<sn| Ñ;% ujd.kakd ngysr ;dkdm;s wxYj,g mjd fuh

lÈu wdo¾Yhls'

m%Ndlrkaf.a Ñrm%isoaO 2002 wm%sfh,a Èk u,a,dú udOH idlÉPdj

jkúg Woh .ïukams,;a" uu;a" jjqkshdfõ isáfhuq' kdúl yuqod

T;a;=fiajd ks,OdÍfhl= iu. Èjd wdydr .ksñka tys we;s ;;a;ajh

ú.%y lr.;af;uq' miqÈk ;%Su,hg .sh wmg hqo yuqod by< ks,Odßfhl=

lSfõ fldá fmrÈk ld,;=jlal= lSmhla idïmQ¾ fjre.,a foig

;U,.uqj yryd f.k.sh njh' oeka b;ska ;S%u, jrdh /l.ekSu b;du

wmyiq lghq;a;la nj Tyq m%ldY lr isáfhah' rks,ag fï ms<sn|j ta

Èkj, tlai;a ckmo hqo ks,OdÍka msßila o ;%Su,fha ixpdrhlska miq

m%ldY l< nj Tyq ;jÿrg;a m%ldY lf<ah' wms ;s.eiaiqfkuq' fou<

B<u w;ayeßfhd;a ;ukg fjä ;nkd f,i ish i.hskag m%Ndlrka

udOH idlÉPdfõ § m%ldY lf<a kslugu fkdfõ hehs wms f;areï .;suq'

;%Su, jrdh yd k.rh fldgqjk fia fldá l|jqre cd,hlao" kej;

mÈxÑ lsÍï hgf;a ch,;a chj¾Okf.a wdOdrj,ska ksjdi cd,hla o

^miqj iqkdñh hgf;a ksjdi ixlS¾K cd,hla o& nr wú i:dk.;

lsÍula o isÿfjñka ;sìKs' ft;sydisl ú,a.ïfjfyr ckhdg wjqreÿ

kE.ï ̂ 2003 wm%sfh,a& /f.k .sh wms ÿgqfõ thg kqÿßka f.dvkef.kd

fldákaf.a oejeka; l|jqre cd,hhs' ;%Su,h jglr ynrK-;%Su,h

f.dvìï m%Odk iemhqï ud¾.h;a" ;%Su,h- lkalika;=f¾ kdúl

iemhqï cd,h;a tljr w,a,d.ekSfï fldá Wmdh uekúka fmksKs'

tu.ska hdmkh fldgqlr hg;alr wjika hg;aùfï .súiqu we;slr

102

.ekSu fldákaf.a hqo uQf,damdhsl ie,eiafï uq,a wÈhr úh' rks,a

lsisjla lrlshd.; fkdyelsj l%shdlrñka isáfha thg ;j;j;a

bvfok f,ih' hQ'tka'mShu we;slrf.k ;snQ idu f>daIdfjka Tjqka

jeiS hñka isáfhdah'

m%Ndlrka yÈis m%ydrhlg iQodkï jk nj bj jeàfuka miq rks,a lf<a

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a yuqodjla f.kajd .ekSfï yelshdj fidhd ne,Suh'

tlai;a ckmoh we*a.ksia;dkfhka k;r fkdù Y%S ,xldjg o

f.dvneiSug hk nj bkaÈhdjg m%:ujrg jegyqfKa túgh'

rks,a .súiqu w;aika l< fmnrjdÍ 22 od thg tfrysj msgfldgqfõ

meje;ajQ isy< Wreuh fm<md<shg isáfha wms lSm fofkl= muKs'

jeäysá ysñjrekaf.ka jevu lr isáfha rkam;aú, úu,r;k kdhl

yduqÿrejka muKs' wdmiq isy< Wreuh ld¾hd,hg meñKs úg w.ue;s

ld¾hd,fhka *elaia mKsjqvhla f,i rks,a - m%Nd .súiqu ,eî ;sìKs'

th rks,af.a ld¾hd,fha isá foaYudulfhl=f.a jevls' miqj w.ue;s

rks,au th ks, jYfhkau wmsg tõfõh' ta ms<sn|j wr,sh .y

ukaÈrfha§ idlÉPdjlg o bvlv ,ndÿkafkah' miqj ud weu;+ w.ue;s

ld¾hd,fha ys;j;d lSfõ fcdaka fjiaÜn¾.a ,xld wdKavqj fkdu. hejQ

njh' 1995 pkaøsldf.a .súiqug iudk o< .súiqul msgm;la (Draft)

jkakshg /f.k .sh fjiaÜn¾.a thg m%Ndlrkaf.a w;aik f.k we;s

w;r" oeka w.ue;s rks,ag;a th w;aika flÍug n,flÍ we;s njh'

fuys we;a; ke;a; fkdoksñ' kuq;a fjiaÜn¾.a miqj fldákag

ikaksfõok WmlrK ,nd§fï § yd igka úrdu ksÍlaIKfha § ,ndÿka

ks.uk foi n,kdúg Tyq tjeks fohla fkdl<dkï mqÿuh' jkaksfha

fldá uQ, l|jqre i|yd bkaÈhdkq fou< ckhd mÈxÑlsÍug uq,ajQfha;a

fjiaÜn¾.a yd frândkd jHdmdrhuh' ̂ 1978-80&

.súiqu;a iu. W;=rg" kef.kysrg hEug isxy, ckhd ;=< ixpdrl

Wu;=jla we;slrkd ,o uq;a th wdKavqjg udrdka;sl tlla úh' fldá

b;d ie,iqï iy.; f,i ùid yd fjk;a .dia;= whlsÍfuka o ;u n,h

m%o¾Ykh lsÍfïka o isxy,hskaf.a yo mdrjkq ,enQ ksidh' fuh ;ukg

l< uy;a kskaodjla nj blauKskau isxy, iudch f;areï .;af;ah'

wfkla w;ska wdrlaIl yuqod m;aj we;s kskaod iy.; iajNdjh;a"

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


103

Èfkka Èk ks¾,Êð;j igka úrduh lvjk wdldrh;a" wdKavqj m;aj

we;s ksjg iajNdjh;a b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s jkakg úh' rks,af.a ,eÊcd

iy.; l%shdldÍ;ajh hQ'tka'mSfha kdhlhska mjd fldamhg m;alr

;snqfKah' ksodYS,S isxyhd idu ls;sfhka wjÈúh' W! ke.sgqjd .ekSu

wfma B<`. jEhu úh'

wms ks¾NS; ;SrK folla .;af;uq' m<uq isÿùu jQfha mQcH t,a,dj,

fuOdkkao kdysñfhda wïmdr j,;dmsáh nqoaOx.,g wh;a .,ajeáhl

fi,a,smshla msgm;a lrkakg .sh wjia:dfõ kef.kysr fldá th

kj;d,Sfï isÿùuh' fojekak uqia,sï .ula ìh joaod n,fhka rcfha

m%foaYhl bÈl< uksrdil=,ï l|jqr ms<sn| isÿùuh'

wfma Wmdh ud¾.h meyeÈ,s tlla úh' fïjkúg;a .súiqï úfrdaëj

fmdoslñka isá c'ú'fm yd fmdÿ fmruqK w.ue;s rks,aj

md¾,sfïka;=fjka m<jdyeÍu olajd ;,a¨ lsÍu wfma b,lalh úh' ta

i|yd ck;dj ;=< fldákaf.a iduhg uqjd ù isÿlrkd hqo l%shdoduh

fy<s orõ lsÍu u.ska ck;d úfrdaOh W;aikak lrùu wfma Wmdhsl

l%shdoduh úh'

t,a,dj, kdysñhka iu. wms j,;dmsáhg .sfhuq' kef.kysr fldá

kdhlhskaf.a úfrdaO;d ueo wms fi,a,sms msgm;a lr.;af;uq' thska wms

kef.kysr isxy, Wreuh iy;sl lr.;af;uq' wfkla w;ska c'ú'fm yd

Y%S','ks'mh .d,af,a isg fld<Ug meñKs foaYfm%aó md .ukg;a jvd

oejeka; udOH lS¾;shla ,nd.;af;uq' fï yd iu.u isy< Wreuhg ;snQ

udOH wkaOldrh ÿreúh' md¾,sfïka;= wiqkg .=á fl<.;a;d lshd wmg

;snQ fpdaokdj ksfIaO úh' n,h ;snqK;a" ke;;a" wms cd;sh fjkqfjka

igka lrkd msßila nj Tmamq úh' wms is;+ mßÈu wfma m%ydrfhka l,n,

jQ c'ú'fm ish foaYmd,k m%ydr fõ.j;a lf<ah' wms vhskfudaj

lrljk úg m%Odk tkaðu;a" mqxÑ oe;s frdaofhka f,dl= oe;s frdao;a

lrlefjkakg úh'

wfma uksrdil=,ï .uk thg;a jvd Woafõ.lr tlla úh' uq¿ rgu ta

.ek úu;shlska n,d isáfhah' cd;sfha f.!rjh m;d Ôú; fyda mQcd

lsÍug wms ue,sfkdjk nj wdKavqj oek isáfhah' tfyhska fï .uk

je<elaùug Tjqka .;yels iEu mshjrlau .;ay' wfma W;aidyh jQfha

104

yels Wmßu f,i fldá iy wdKavqj fy<sorõ lsÍuh' uu wfma yuqodj,

ys;j;=kf.ka Woõ b,a,d isáfhñ' isú,a we÷ñka ieriqKq Tjqka o

fm<md<shg tlaúh' ;U,.uqfõ§ fldá wdOdrlrefjda wmg m%ydrhla

t,a, l<y' wfma msßia o Tjqkg >Dcq m%;spdr oelajQy' wfma msßiaj, ;snQ

f,dl=u ÿ¾j,;djhla jQfha fmdâvla m%fldam lrjQ úg m%fldamfhkau

ms<s;=re iemhSuhs' wmj u¾okh lsÍug bgd isákd n,fõ. fndfyda úg

fï fkdbjiSfï .=Kh wmg tfrysj fhdod .;ay' flfia fyda

fm<md<sh úêu;alrf.k mdrg .kakg wmg yelsúh' h<s;a tjeks

isÿùulska isÿúh yels ydksh j<lajd .ekSug wms wfma úfYaI wdrlaIl

msßila fhdojd fm<md<sh mÍlaId lr wuq;a;ka ;sfokl= w,a,d

.;af;uqæ Tjqka ;sfokdu fldá fkdj wfma f;dr;=re fiùug

fm<md<shg wdKavqfõ T;a;= fiajd tjkq ,enQ msßilsæ miq lf,l

yuqodfõ nqoaê wxY ks,Odßfhl= ud yg lSfõ" ;U,.uqfõ§ wmg m%ydrh

ixúOdkh flrefKa lka;,fhka wm msg;a jk úg ckudOH yd tys

/iaj isá msßi wu;d ud l< l;dj tys isá udOHfõ§fhl= cx.u

ÿrl;kh u.ska m%dfoaYSh fldá kdhlfhl=g wikakg ie,eiaùfuka

miq njhæ ta udOH ksoyi ;%ia;jdoh i|yd fhdod.;a wdldrhhsæ

iqrxl,a ykaÈfha§ wmg wkfmalaIs; l%shdoduhlg uqyqK fokakg

isÿúh' y;r w;ska fj,ahdh ueÈka wfma fm<md<sh fuka lSm .=Khl

ckhd fm<md<sh foig tlajkakg Èjf.k wdy' wms uq,ska is;=fõ Tjqka

wmg myr§ug tk msßila f,ih' kuq;a Tjqka fldákaf.ka negld isá

uqia,sï ckhd nj jeäfj,d fkdf.dia wmg f;areï .sfhah' Tjqka

meñKSu;a iu. fm<md<sh wmg md,kh lr.; fkdyels ;;a;ajhlg

m;aúh' wdfõ. mqmqrdhEug ;rï fõ.j;a ù ;sìKs' yuqodj ish uq¿jer

fhdod wmj k;r lf<ah' i;H.%yhlska miq neßflavhla Wvg ke..;a

uu Wia y`äka ck;dj wu;d fldáka yd fldá rlskd ksjg wdKavqjg

tfrysj ke`.S isákd f,i b,a,d isáfhñ'

—wú f;dfmah ìu wfmah— f,i jQ wfma wúysxid úfrdaOh rfÜ udOH

fj;ska uq¿ iudchgu .,d .sfhah' wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ f,iu

wdKavqj kskaodjg;a" wjudkhg;a" ,lajQ w;r" úmlaIfha l%shdoduhka

;j;a W;aikak w;g yeßKs'

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105

Woaf>daIKfhka miq uksrdil=,ï m%foaYfha uqia,sï jeishka

lSmfofkl= >d;kh flßKs' wirKjQjkg iyk o /f.k uu tys

.sfhñ' .sks .yk wõfõ rglcq jjñka w;sYh ÿIalr Ôú; f.jkd

uqia,sï ckhd yuqjqfkñ' ñh.shjqkaf.a ìß| kEishka yuqùug ;,a

jeglg háka ud ßx.d hk PdhdrEmhla udOHj, m,lr ;sìKs' Tjqkf.a

.fï m,a,sfha § uu Tjqkf.a msßñ jeäysáhka yuqjqfkñ' fndfyda

fofkla lSfõ uqia,sï fldxka.%ih Tjqkf.ka Pkaoh .;a;uq;a fï

me;a; m<d;l fkdwdnjh' wïmdf¾ §>jdmS bvïj,ska ud jk

ixrlaIK weue;s f,i uqia,sïjreka m,jd yeßfha hehs wi;H

fpdaokdjla lr wdKavqfjka bj;a jQ uqia,sï fldx.%ia kdhlhska ^2007&

tod uksrdil=,ug .sfha ke;' ngysr ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,j,ska uqo,af.k

uqia,sï Wreuh .ek l;d lrkd ud,s.dj;af;a uqia,sï wka;jd§ka wmg

tfrysj fm<md<s .sh o ^2008& tod jpkhlaj;a fldákag tfrysj

l;dlrkakg ìh jQy' rjq*a ylSï" m%Ndlrka iu. w;aika l< .súiqu

^2002 wm%sfh,a 13& ;Èka úfõpkh l< uu uqia,sïjre ksjg fkdù ke`.S

isáh hq;= nj kej; wjOdrKh lf<ñ'

ta wjia:dfõ§ ud wi,g wd uqia,sï ;reKhka fldákag tfrysj igka

lrkakg ;uka leu;s nj lS w;r" ÿrl;k wxlhla ,ndÿkafkah' ta

jkúg fldákag tfrysj ksjg wdKavqfõ ksfhda. fkd;ld l%shd lrkd

wdrlaIl wxY msßila fj; Tjqka iïnkaO lr ÿksñ' miqj uQ;+¾j, we;s

jQ igkaj,§ fldá ;%ia;jd§ka ^2006& fï foaYfm%aó uqia,sïjrekaj

fidhd úkdY l< nj miqj ug wfma yuqod ks,Odßfhla m%ldY lf<ah'

uq;+¾j,§ >d;kh jQ m%xY iyk fiajdfõ fou< 17 fokdf.a Ôú; .ek

;rïj;a wvq;rñka uqia,sï fldx.%ih fyda urd oeuqKq uqia,sïjre 116

fokd .ek l;d fkdlsÍu we;af;kau rfÜ fÄojdplhls'

fuhg wu;rj kqjr t<sfha we;s jQ cd;sjd§ .egqfï§ o" fld<U meje;ajq

fmdx.=;ñ,a Wf<f,a§ we;s jQ isÿùï ksido wms ;j ;j;a isxy, iudch

;=< ia:dms; ùuq'

nKavdrfj, fldá iellrejkaf.a l|jqrla yd wjg .ïjdiSka w;r"

we;s jQ .egqula mdol lrf.k pkaøfialrka uy;d ;,jdlef,a

m%foaYfha isxy,hskag myrfok ,È' úfYaIfhka hQ'tka'mSfha m%dfoaYSh

kdhlhska jQ fyaupkaø wdh;khg mjd myrÿkak o m%foaYfha uka;%S

106

tia'î' fyda wdKavqj pkaøfialrkag kS;sh l%shd;aul lf<a ke;'

;,jdlef,a mxif,a wkd:j isá isxy,hska n,dlshd .ksñka Tjqkf.a

ÿl fld<U ùÈj,g f.kdfõ wm h'

W;=re yd kef.kysr fldá md,kfha isáfha ;=ka ,laIhla muK

ckldhls' kuq;a tfuka i;r .=Khlg wdikak msßila W;=re yd

kef.kysr rcfha md,k m%foaYj, fou< ckhd jdih l<y' w.ue;s

rks,a l< Nhdklu jro jQfha fï ckldh fmdx.= ;ñ,a yryd yd miqj

>Dcq fldá md,kh hgf;a fldákag mdjd§uhs' fuh miqj isÿjQ Pkao

j¾ckfha§ ^2005& rks,agu mdrdj<,a,la úh' fmdx.= ;ñ,a W;=ßka

kef.kysßka k;r fkdù kqjrt<shg;a t;ekska fld<Ug;a" wdfõh'

fldákaf.a ol=fKa ksfhdað;fhda tys ixúOdhlfhda jQy' th

meje;ajQfha l,d Wf<,l uqjdfjks' tys§ lÓlfhl=f.ka m%Yakhla

weiSug .sh wfma idudðlfhl= yg ixúOdhlfhda myrÿkay' miqj th

.egqula úh' ;=jd, jQ wfma msßia n,kakg frday,g .sh ksYdka; Y%S

j¾Kisxy" frdIdka .=K;s,l jeks wh;a" ;=jd, ,enQ fiiq whj;a"

w;awvx.=jg .eKsks' rfÜ fmd,Sish kfâikaf.a fmd,Sish njg m;aù

we;s nj fmKsks' miqod wms fmd,Sishg tfrysj oejeka; úfrdaO;djhla

oelaùuq' fmd,Sisfha isá ;udf.a wdÈ wdkka§h ñ;=rka mjd ;ukaj

mdjdÿka nj ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;d miqj ud yg m%ldY lf<ah' miqj

uf.ka m%Yak lsÍug meñKs úfYaI úu¾IKfha ks,OdÍhdg ud lSfõ

uq,ska Tyqf.a uiaiskd fnd/,af,a mj;ajdf.k hk fldákaf.a

PdhdrEmd.drh mÍlaId lrk f,ih' Tyq kej; uf.ka m%Yak lsÍug

meñKsfha ke;' fmd,Sisfha by< ;k;=rej, isáfha tjekakkah'

fï f,i isy< Wreuh kej; ish wysñ l< ìu Èkd.;af;ah'

fldákaf.a YS>% bÈß .uk j<lajd,Sug kï blauKska rdcH hka;%h

Tjqkg tfrysj fhdod.; hq;= nj wmg jegysKs' ta i|yd mQ¾j

fldkafoaish jQfha yuqodj yd fmd,Sishg wKfok w.ue;s rks,a yd

weue;s udrmk bj;alr,Suh'

fï w;r" iudcfha ;j;a l%shdj,shla wdrïN ù ;sìKs' thkï újD;

f,iu tjekac,sl m,a,sh úiska" isÿlrkd ,o ck;dj n,fhka

ls;=Kqjka lsÍfï jHdmD;shhs'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


107

fï ms<sn|j mk;la md¾,sfïka;=jg f.ktau i|yd à' ufyaIajrka yskaÿ

lghq;= weue;sjrhd l%shdl< w;r" Tyq yuq jQ wms thg wfma iyfhda.h

m< lf<uq' ufyaIajrka t;eka mgka wfma ñ;=frl= úh' yskaÿ-fn!oaO

iu.sh i|yd yskaÿ kdhlhska iu. Tyq idlÉPdjla o ixúOdkh

lf<ah' Tyq lSfõ hqoaOhg uqjd ù jkaksfha;a" hdmkfha;a" uvl<mqfõ;a

mqÿudldr f,i ckhd l%sia;shdkshg .kakd njh' miqj fldá

l|jqrej,ska Tmamq jQfha o fï i;Hhhs' 2003 § ud uvl<mqjg .shl< tys

yskaÿ kdhlhska lSfõ o 1983-2003 uvl<mqfõ w¨;ska bÈjQfha m,a,s

muKla lshdh' m,a,shg jHdma; ùug bv § ngysr fyd|ys; Èkd.ekSfï

m%Ndlrkaf.a Wmdh yskaÿ iudch Èhlryer ;sìKs' uq,ska j;=lrfhka

werUqKq fï jHdmdrh blauKskau ÿIalr .ïudkj,g;a" fld<Ug;a

jHdma; úh' fld<U is`.kakka" isrf.or isrlrejka" udjf;a .Ksldjka

wd§ka .s,f.k fudkaáfidaß <|rejka" m%lg .dhl .dhsldjka" k¿

ks<shka jHdmdßlhka" lS%vlhka yd foaYmd,lhska olajd th jHdma; úh'

jrla lvqfj, tjeks m,a,shla úiska .s,.;a ksjilg ud .shúg tys isá

ñ;a;Ksh lSfõ .,ajevmf<a jev ke;sj we;s ksid ish ieñhd wysñ

ÈhKshg lEug hula ,enqfKa *diag¾;=ud,df.ka njh' ta yer ;uka nqÿ

oyu w;yer ke;s nj weh lSjdh' kuq;a wehf.a ÈhKshf.a" l=vd

orejdf.ka f,dl= jqKdu mq;d ljqre fjkako bkafka lshd weiQ úg

foúhkag fiajh lsÍug lemfjk nj iqr;,a uqúka msgúKs' f,dl=jqkag

*diag¾f.a tjekac,sl ;E.s nv.skakg f.dÿre jqj;a" l=vdjqkaf.a

wd;auhu Tjqkg f.dÿre ù ;sìKs'

fï widOdrKhg tfrysj igkal< hq;= nj uu wjOdrKh lr.;af;ñ'

,;ska weueßldfõ yd fldßhdfõ Tjqka ,nd.;a id¾:l;ajh ol=Kq

wdishdfõ§ ,ndfkdÈh hq;=h hk wÈgk bkaÈhdfõ yd ,xldfõ yskaÿ-

fn!oaO ish¨fokd ;=< we;sl< hq;= nj bgd .;sñ'

fï w;r" wdKavqj ;j;a fudav jevla lf<ah' thkï foieïnrfha § mqrd

udihla k.r wdf,dallrKhg fhduqlrùuh' fï i|yd ls;=Kq

weue;sjrfhl= jQ fcdaka wur;=x. fmd,Sishg ksfhda.hla ÿkafkah'

fndfyda fn!oaO yskaÿ-uqia,sï jHdmdßlfhda fï k;a;,a wdf,dal mQcdjg

leue;s jQfha ke;' Tjqka wmj fidhdf.k wdfjdah' rcfha

weue;sjrekg muKla fkdj rch miqmi isg fufyhjk ,,s;a

108

fld;,dj," frdais fiakdkdhl" ÿ,dxc,S fm%auodi jeks uQ,O¾ujd§ka

flf¾ iudcfha uy;a ffjrhla leá .efikd nj tlS yuqj,ska wmg

jegysKs'

fn!oaO jD;a;Shfõ§ka úiska" ixúOdkh flreKq —ch.%yKh— kï

jHdmdrhla b;d lemùfuka fï —wd.ïlrKh˜g tfrysj l%shdlrñka

isáh o th foaYmd,kSlrKhla ù ;snqfKa ke;' fï jkúg cd;sl ix>

iNdj ;snqfKa o wl¾ukH ;;a;ajhlh' th 1999 ckdêm;sjrKfha §

cd;sl ix> iNdj hQ'tka'mShg weof.k hEu ksid we;s jQ ;;a;ajhla nj

l,ska lSfjñ' w¨;a ;;a;ajhg uqyqK§u i|yd w¨;a ix> iNdjla wjYH

úh' thg h<s;a uQ,sl jQfha w;=r,sfha r;k ysñhkah' yeä.,af,a

úu,idr ysñ" ñiail lu,isß ysñ" .,f.dvw;af;a {dKidr ysñ jeks

;reK ysñjre tys§ uQ,sl jQy' jeäysá m%{diïmkak ysñjreka f,i

t,a,dj, fïOdkkao kdysñ" wdpd¾h ú,afma fidaNs; ysñ" fldgfmd<

wurls;a;s ysñ jeks m%p,s; ysñjreka tys kdhl;ajhg m;ajQy' cd;sl

ix> iïfï,kh ìysúh' ;ek ;ek m,a,s l,a,sj,g tfrysj

wjêfjñka ;snQ fn!oaO ke.sàu ukd ixúOdkd;aul ke.sàula úh'

cd;sl ix> iïfï,kh u.ska rgjgd mj;ajkq ,enQ" —fndÿ iuq¿˜

mqÿudldr f,i id¾:l úh' fudk;rï mSvkhla fn!oaOhska ;=<

meijñka ;sfnkjdo hkak tlS uyd ck.`.ska fy<s úh' wfkla w;ska

>Dcq foaYmd,k jd.d,dmj,g jvd Od¾ñl ksjqK wdhdpkdj,g

w;súYd, ckldhla msì|úh yels nj meyeÈ,s úh' th meyeÈ,sju

fuf;la lsisfjla w;ayod fkdn,d ;snQ kj foaYmd,ksl wd.ñl

m%fõYhla úh' tys we;s oejeka; wúysxidjd§ úNjh ÿgq wms thg Wmßu

iydh foñka th jeã hkakg we;s ndOd bj;a lrñka l< yels Wmßu

foa bgqlr ÿksuq'

isxy, fn!oaO iudcfha tla .=Kdx.hla jkafka úáka úg lemS fmfkkd

fn!oaO NslaIQka ìysùuhs' we;eï wh olaI O¾u lÓlhska úh' we;euqka

fndaë mQcd wd§ Nla;sh jvjk iq¿ j;djka i|yd mqÿudldr f,i

iu;alï oelajQy' we;euqka cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r f,i me;sÍ.sh

od¾Yksl oekqu we;a;jqka jQy' we;eï wh w;solaI ixúOdhlhska yd

iudc fiajlhska jQy'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


109

bx.%Siska hgf;a md.douk isxy, úuqla;s wr.,h kej; u;=jkafka

fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao" yslalvqfõ YS% iqux., wd§ fujeks .=K

iys; iajdñka jykafia,d ksidh' h<s;a úoHd,xldrh fj;ska ìys jQ

hlalvqfõ ysñ" je,a,j;af;a ysñ yd úfYaIfhka j,afmd, rdyq, ysñhka

lemS fmksKs' NslaIqjg foaYmd,kh lem o wlem o hk m%Yakh u;

úoHd,xldrh yd ã'tia' fiakdkdhl wd§ m%N+jreka w;r" we;s jQ u;

.egqu fl<jr jQfha ft;sydisl úoHd,xldr m%ldYh u.sks' tu.ska

kQ;k NslaIqjf.a foaYmd,k iudc ld¾hNdrh uekúka" O¾udkQl+,j

meyeÈ,s lr.kq ,eîh' wfma we;eï m%N+jrekag wjYH jQfha ,xldfõ

yskaÿ fldaú,aj, jdih lrkd mQidßjrekaf.a ;;a;ajhg fn!oaO NslaIqj

weo oud ;ukaf.a fiajlfhl= lr.ekSuh' we;eï wh kï foaYmd,k

l;d wdÈfhka NslaIqjf.a úkh msßyS hkq we;ehs ienEjgu ìhg m;ajQy'

fï .ek jrla ojq,afok {dksiair uykdhl ysñ iu. lrkd ,o

idlÉPdjl§ Wkajykafia fmkakd ÿkafka tl, ^40-50 oYlh&

ldka;djka l%Svd W;aij wdÈhg iyNd.s ùu ms<sn|j o NslaIQka jykafia

rcfha úoHd,fha .=rejreka f,i fiajh lsÍu .ek o" NslaIQka

jykafia,d fiiq isiq isiqúhka iu. úYaj úoHd,fha tlg wOHdmkh

lsÍu .ek o uy;a ixjdohla ;snqKq njh' —oeka Th yduqÿrejkag

uka;%S,d ùu wlemhs lshkjd jf.a ;ud ta ldf,a .Ekq <uhs l%Svd l< hq;=

keye" mdi,a heúh hq;= keye lsh,;a we;eïyq lSfõ˜ hehs foaYkd l<

Wkajykafia nd,sldjka l%Svdj, ksr; úh hq;= ke;ehs lshñka

Ñrm%isoaO foaYmd,k kdhlfhla ta Èkj, mqj;am;lg ,shQ ,smshl

msgm;la ud w;g m;al< fial'

1940 .Kkaj, iudcjd§ jHdmdrfha ke.Sug NslaIQka jykafiaf.a

odhl;ajh ,enqKd fiau 1950 .Kkaj, isxy, cd;sl n,fõ.fha

ke.sug o Wkajykafia,d odhl úh' n,kaf.dv wdkkao ffu;%sh ysñ"

uäfya m[a[diSy ysñ" fyafkamsgf.or {dkiSy ysñ jeks wh tys§ lemS

fmkqKy' ksoyia wOHdmkh ksoyia fi!LHh" iajNdId wOHdmkh wd§h

fn!oaO NslaIqj ksid we;s jQ l%shdoduhkah' wo wvq;rñka lsisu

fldñhqksiaÜ rgl fyda fujeks iudc fiajdjka rch mj;ajdf.k

hkafka ke;'—wfma u.˜ kñka 1989 § ud ,shkd ,o lD;sfhka NslaIqjf.a

fï ft;sydisl ld¾hh we.hSug ,lalf<ñ' l=vdl, ug u;l ckm%shu

ysñku jQfha mdkÿf¾ wßhOïu ysñhkah' Wkajykafiaf.a u;a úfrdaë

110

jevms<sfj< yd lúfhka mejiQ nqÿ.=K w;s oejeka; fn!oaO m%fndaOhla

we;s lf<ah' Wkajykafia wld,fha wmj;a lf<ah hk fndfyda

fn!oaOhska w;r" wo olajd ;sfnkd u;h fld iNdfõ f,aLldêldÍ jQfha orKd.u l=i,Oïu

ysñhka ùu tys hEug taug uQ,slu fya;=j úh' ysgmq w.úksiqre ir;a

is,ajd uy;d ksid jvd;a wdf,dalu;a jQ iïfndaêh .x`.drduhg fld<U

m%N+ mka;sh w;r ;snQ ia:dkhg wNsfhda.hla o t,a, lf<ah'

j;auka ld,h i,ldn,;a § lemS fmfkkd ckm%sh NslaIq pß;

.Kkdjla tlúgu mdfya u;=úh' thska" jvd;au u;= ù wdfõ uyr.u

O¾udh;kfhka u;= jQ .xf.dvú, fidau iajdñka jykafiah'

O¾udh;kh jðr{dk kdysñ" uäfya kdysñ fukau fld<U fn!oaO

odkm;skaf.a uQ,slu ixúOdkd;aul wdh;khla úh' th u.ska rgmqrd

úydria:dk fiau iudc jHdmdr .Kkdjla mj;ajdf.k hk ,§' úfoaY

rgj,a fndfydauhl o tys YdLd meje;=Kq w;r" ta w;ska jvd;au

ixúOdkd;aul fn!oaO wdh;kh úh' ud uq,ajrg tys .sfha 1988 § úh

hq;=h' O¾udh;khg ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,s uy;d W;aijhlg meñKs isá

w;r" Tyqf.a wruqK jQfha tys isá cd;sljd§ NslaIQka jykafia,dj m<d;a

iNd l%uh .ek wjfndaOhla §uh' thg yÈisfha meñKs w;=r,sfha r;k

ysñ m%uqL úYaj úoHd, NslaIQka jykafia,d msßila we;=<;auqo,s

uy;df.ka" m%Yak lsÍug hEfuka uy;a újdohla we;súh' fuhg l,ska

1985 § mqoa.,sl úYaj úoHd, rgg ys;lrh hk ud;Dldj Tiafia úYaj

úoHd, isiqka iu. m%isoaO jdohlg msúfik nj m%ldY lr u.yer .sh

ksid we;=<;auqo,s uy;d iu. wms ldg;a" hï .eàula úh' W;=rg f.dia

fjä lkakg;a" ol=fKa§ n,a,ka fjkakg;a" fmd,Sishg neß nj moauisß

wfífialr >d;kfha § cd;sl wdrlaIl weue;s f,i Tyq l<

m%ldYfhka ^1984& Tyq —uyfmd<˜ YsIH;ajfhka we;slrf.k ;snQ

m%;srEmh Tyqu ì| .;af;ah' flfia fj;;a O¾udh;kfha isákafka

O¾uOr" úkhOr NslaIQka jykafia,d muKla fkdj cd;sljd§

Ydik,eÈ l%shdldÍka msßila nj o ta isÿùfuka f;areï .;sñ' fï ksid

fidau ysñhka ta wLKav b;sydifha wjYHu mqkrd.ukhla úh' fidau

ysñhkaf.a O¾u foaYkd ckm%sh jQfha Wkajykafia ld,Sk ud;Dld .;a

ksid;a" ks;ru tlS ud;Dld O¾u .d:dj,g iïnkaO lr,Su;a ksidh' ud

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


111

miqj f;areï .;af;a O¾udh;kfha lS¾;su;a od¾Ykslhd jQ je,s.u

{dkr;k kdysñhka fï O¾u foaYkd iïm%odfha m%uqLhd njh'

{dkr;k ysñhka lsisu úfgl ish u;jdo n,hg" Okhg fjkialr

.;af;a ke;' 2002-2004 ld,fha hQ'tka'mShg nr cd;sl u;fha

m%N+jrekaf.ka oeä n,mEula t,a, jQ kuq;a fkdfi,ajqKq uyf;r ku

jQfha u,a,sldrdufha jevisá je,s.u yduqÿrefjdah'

fidau ysñhka úiska" rEmjdysksfhka y÷kajdÿka nK l,dj b;d

blauKska ckm%sh úh' ta Èkj, ug u;l yeáhg chka; pkaøisßf.a

—o`vqniakdudkh— kï fg,s kdgHh ne,Sug fik. rEmjdyskS ;srh

u;g frdlajQjd fia udOHñl ck;dj fidau ysñf.a nK weiSug frdla

jQy' fuys§ pkaøsld udrl jrola lr .;af;ah' tkï iajdëk

rEmjdysksfhka l< Wkajykafiaf.a O¾u foaYkd k;r lsÍuh' th

we;eï úg foaYmd,kslj iq¿ isÿùula jqj;a ud is;kafka Y%S','ks'mfha

uOHñl isxy, Pkao mokug th ;Èka oekqKq njh' tfukau th wIar*a

uy;df.a o w¥ro¾YS n,mEula úh' uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujd§ foaYmd,kh foi

ieluqiqj n,kakg isxy,hd fhduqjQfha wIar*a uy;d fidau ysñg

tfrysj isÿl< fï ueÈy;aùu ksidh' §>jdmsh ms<sn| m%Yakh lr,shg

wdfõ;a ta iu.h' jrla fidau ysñhka iu. l< fm!oa.,sl idlÉPdjl

§ ,xldfõ uqia,sï ck.yKfha j¾Okh .ek o idlÉPd úh' thg

ksñ;a; jQfha urodk" foysj," fldf<dkakdj wd§ m%foaYj, nyq;rh

njg uqia,sï ck;dj m;aùu;a jeä jeäfhka wka;jd§ foaYmd,khg

uqia,sïjre keUqreùu;ah' jrla urodk m%odk.r úydrhg ̂ th lS¾;su;a

jQfha ;%smsglh tys mßj¾;kh l< ksidh& .shl, tys kdhl ysñhka

lSfõ 1988 § isxy, odhl mjq,a 1350la muK isá kuq;a oeka úisjilg

miq ta .Kk ^2008& mjq,a 39lg iSud jQ we;s nj;ah' uqia,sï ck.yKh

YS>%fhka j¾Okh ùu;a" Tjqka ixúOdkd;aulj we;eï k.rj, bvï

ñ, § .ekSu isÿlsÍu;a fï jkúg lemS fmKsk' ud fidau ysñhkag tod

lSfõ j;auka ck.yK j¾Ok fõ.fhka ta f,iu ;snqfKd;a 2090

muK jkúg Y%S ,xldfõ nyq;rh njg uqia,sï ck;dj m;ajkq we;s

njh' jrla reishdkq rdcH ;dka;%slfhla o lSfõ reishdfõ o nyq;rh

njg fï ishji wjika ùug fmr uqia,sïjreka m;aùfï ;;a;ajhla we;s

njh' ,xldfõ fn!oaO .S; fndfyduhla lSfõ fudysÈka fn.ah' isxy,

fn!oaO nyq;rhla Ôj;ajQ n,kaf.dv ^wnqid,s&" fnd/,a, ^fudfyduâ&"

112

fírej, ̂ndls¾udl¾& wd§ wdikj, uqia,sïjre uka;%Sjreka jQy' wm ;=<

mjd 1980 .Kkaj, muKla fkdj 90 .Kkaj,;a" uqia,sïjre ish

wkkH;djh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd ngysr f,dalh iu. lrkd wr.,h

.ek f.!rjhla úh' ta ms<sn| uf.a f.!rjh ielhla njg m;aùug mqxÑ

mqxÑ isÿùï lSmhla bjy,a úh' m<uqfjkau 1988 § wIar*a uy;d isxy,

fou< .egqu W;aikak ùu ;ukaf.a jdishg fya;+jk nj;a" wkd.;

ch.%dylhd ;SrKh lrkafka uqia,sïjre nj;a ud yg l< m%ldYh uQ,sl

úh' fld<U isxy, ñksiqka uqia,sï jHdma;sh .ek ìh jkjd fiau

kef.kysr fou< ñksiqka o ìhg m;aù we;s nj uvl<mq úYaj

úoHd,fha wdpd¾hjre lSm fofkl= ta Èkj, ug mejiQy' fojkqj jrla

ud újD; úYaj úoHd,fha .Ks; mdvu W.kajñka isáh § uqia,sï isiqka

msßila ug ,smshla Ndr ÿkay' tys ;snqfKa wfma mka;sfha uqia,sï isiqúhla

uqia,sï fkdjk isiqfjl= yd fmïne| we;s ksid wehj mka;sfhka

fkrmk f,ih' th uf.a fldamhg fya;+ úh' wms úYaj úoHd,fha isákd

ld,fha wfma <`.u i.hska jQfha wó¾" rfïIa jeks uqia,sï isiqkah' Tjqka

w;r" ljodj;a fujeks u; fkdúks' wka;sfï§ tla isiqfjl= fj;ska

Tjqkaf.a .=re hehs lshd.;a" foysj, me;af;a wd.ñl .=rejrfhl=

f.kajdf.k idlÉPd lf<ñ' Tyqg wkqj foúhka úYajdi fkdlrk wms

ish¨fokd lmS¾,d fyj;a mõldrhkah' ms<su jkaokdj lrk

fn!oaOhska jeks wh úkdY úh hq;=h' fï l;dfjka uf.a l=yq,

weúiaiqkd muKla fkdj l=rdkh lshjkakg;a uyïu;a;=ud ms<sn|

lshjkakg;a fm<UqfKñ' miqj ud úiska" ,shkd ,o —w,a ðydoa

w,alhsod— kï úia;rd;aul bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdofha foaYSh yd úfoaYSh

ke`.Su úia;r lrk ,o uq,au úia;rd;aul isxy, lD;shg mdol jQfha

tod igyka lr.;a úia;rhkah' ;=kafjkqj jrla uqia,sï fldx.%ifha

m%n, kdhlfhla m%ldY lr ;snqfKa isxy,hska k.rj, ÿ¾j, lsÍu

i|yd isxy, l;=ka újdy lr.ekSu;a" isxy, msßñka u;aøjHj,g

weíneysùu isÿlsÍu;a" ;uka fÉ;kdkaú;j isÿlrkd njh'fï

ish,af,ka ug fmkS .sfha ;,sndka j¾.fha wka;jdohla uqia,sï

fldxka.%ih" uqia,sï tlai;a úuqla;s fmruqK wd§ mlaI miqmi ;sfnkd

njh' 1947 § uqia,sïjre fjku rdcH fhdackdj,g leáfkd.eiS

isxy,hska yd tlaù fmrg hkakg ;SrKh l< o ta iudc iyÔjkh oeka

ì| jeà we;s njh' fidau ysñhka yd ùrúoyk l< tla ft;sydisl

ld¾hNdrhla jQfha uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujd§ foaYmd,kh Pkao l=Üá

foaYmd,khla ùfï m%;súmdlh fmkakd §uh'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


113

fidau yduqÿrefjda 2002 § isy< Wreuh úiska" fld<U kj k.r Yd,djg

le|jk ,o rks,a - m%Nd .súiqug tfrys —fndÿ iuq¿j˜g jevu l<y'

b;d fyd| foaYkdjla l<y' miqj jrla ud ;ksfhka o" jrla

fldglfoKsh uy;d iu. o f.dia Wkajykafia yuqùñ' jðrdrdufha §

isÿ jQ fojk yuqfõ§ Wkajykafia újD;ju ish foaYmd,k wNs,dIh

wmg m%ldY l<y' rks,af.a fn!oaO úfrdaë wdKavqfõ foaYmd,kh W;=re

yd kef.kysrg muKla fkdj O¾udh;khg o jeà we;s nj

Wkajykafia fmkakd ÿkay' we;eï .sys msßia Wkajykafiaj

O¾udh;kfhka fkrmSug W;aidy oerE nj jd¾;d úh' 2006

ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd ixúOdk;aul jev ms<sfj<la fhdod.; hq;= njg

wms l;sld lr.;suq'

fldf<dkakdfõ iqux., ysñhka ug uq,skau yuqjqfKa 1995 §h' ta ud;r

r;k ysñhkaf.a úydria:dkfhah' Wkajykafia tl, isáfha ñßiafia

úydria:dkhlh' pkaøsldf.a f*vr,a meflach .ek ud l<

úfõpkd;aul idlÉPdjlg weyqïlka§u i|yd Wkajykafia tod jevu

lr isáhy' miqj wms ud;r fmdÿ ixúOdk tl;=lr fldgqfõf.dv

/,shla meje;aùuq' /,sfha ksfõolhd jQfha iqux., ysñhkah'

Wkajykafia ksfõolfhl=g jvd fyd| lÓlfhl= nj;a" lreKq

wkqfõokSh f,i m<lsÍug mqÿudldr iu;alula ;snqKq nj;a" tod jgyd

.;suq' miqj Wkajykafia fld<Ug ixl%uKh úh' wdfrday mßkdy foay

iïm;a;sh;a" Nla;sh jvjk foaYkd ffY,sh;a" úiska b;d blauKskau

Wkajykafia by<g .uka lf<ah' ud f;areï.;a wdldrhg

Wkajykafiag ;snQ jeo.;au l=i,;djh kï ixúOdk Yla;shhs' —nqÿu.˜

ixúOdkh b;d iq¿fjka wrUd oejeka; jHdmdrhla njg m;ajQfha ta

ksidh' cd;sl fy< Wreuh ìys jQ úg tys ixúOdhljrhd jQfha;a

Wkajykafiah' iqux., ysñhkag wem Wmldr l< fndfyda odhlhska

hQ'tka'mShg foaYmd,kslj ys;j;a wh jQy' fï nj Wkajykafiaf.a nqÿu.

oyï yuqj,g iyNd.S ùfuka ug jvd;a mila úh' kuq;a 2002 § meñKs

rks,af.a wdKavqj fn!oaO úfrdaë nj blauKskau wjfndaO lr.;af;a

iqux., ysñhkah' —w,a ðydoa w,alhsod— lD;sh ,shd th Wkajykafiag

ms<s.ekaùu i|yd foõrï úydrhg .sh od ^2003& Wkajykafia fujeks

woyila bÈßm;a l<y' —fï wdKavqj kï fldákag rg fokakhs hkafka'

ol=fK;a uy úmÍ; fn!oaO úfrdaë msßilafka oeka weue;slï orkafka'

114

fn!oaO NslaIQj fmrg weú,a,d md¾,sfïka;= .sys,a,d yß fï fomlaIfha

we;a;kaf.ka rg fírd.kak fjkjd uy;a;fhda˜ f,iska NslaIQka

jykafia >Dcqj foaYmd,khg msúish hq;= njg uq,au woyi ud yg

tf,i bÈßm;a lf<a fldf<dkakdfõ ysñhkah'

2004 yÈisfha md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd yeßh úg NslaIqj foaYmd,khg

msúi rg hk w; fjkial< hq;= njg >Dcqju woyia oelajQfha iqux.,

ysñhkah' md¾,sfïka;=jg f;aÍ m;aù mlaIh .;a u.g fjkia mqoa.,sl

woyila u; l%shdl< l;¿fõ r;k iSy ysñhka" iqux., ysñhkaf.a ,`.

ys;jf;l= ùh' fï isÿùu Wkajykafia ;=< m%lïmkhla we;s lf<ah'

B<`.g Wkajykafiag md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ Y%S','ks'm yd c'ú'fm msßia ysßyer

l<y' wms l¿;r isg le,Kshg fmryerla mj;ajd thg oeäj úfrdaOh

m<lf<uq' mlaIh bÈßhg hdhq;= wdldrh .ek Wkajykafiag fjku

woyila ;snqKq w;r" >Dcqj ta woyi m<l<y' wm iu. mjd

újdoiïmkak wjia:d mek ke.sKs' pkaøsldf.a wdKavqj wmsg ysßyer

lrkafka tajd ord.; fkdyelsj wmsj foaYmd,kfhka bj;g weo

oeóug nj wfma woyi úh' kuq;a Wkajykafia ta ish¨ isÿùïj,ska

l<lsreky' foaYmd,kfhka bj;a jQy' uy;aud .=Kh fmkajñka fy<

Wreufha lsisjla" lsisfjla úfõpkh lf<a ke;' ljr mlaIhlg fyda

h<s iïnkaO jQfha o ke;' fndfyda wmyiqfjka h<s — nqÿu.—

f.dvk.d.kakg o iu;aúh' miqj 2009 § Wkajykafia yuq jQ úgl §

wmg m%ldY lf<a —fndai;a l=ure W.=f¾ isrjQ lgqj .ekSug fõokd

fkd;ld l%shd l<dfia tod wm l< l%shd lf<a ;%ia;jdoh me/oùfï

ld¾hhg úkd wka lsisjlg fkdjk nj˜ ;uka jykafia wjfndaO

lrf.k we;snjh' fy< Wreuh ksid ;%ia;jdoh ÿreùug mdr lemSu

.ek ;uka jykafiag wka;sfï§ i;=gla oekS we;ehs o m%ldY flßKs'

wka;sfï§ wms iefjdu fjk fjkia mdrj, úfgl tlafjñka úfgl

fjkafjñka tlu wruqKla lrd hk msßila nj wjfndaO lr .;sñ'

Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal ysñhka oek ye¢k .;af;a Wkajykafia le,Ksh -

úoHd,xldr úYaj úoHd,fha YsIHfhl=j isákd hq.fha§h' YsIH iNd

i|yd yeä.,af,a úu,idr ysñhka bÈßm;a jQ úg Wkajykafia thg

wdYS¾jdo lrñka ta in|;djhg uq,msrEy' fldaÜfÜ kd. úydrfhka

Wkajykafia fld,a¨msáh jd¨ldrduhg .sfhah' ;%ia; úfrdaë

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


115

jHdmdrfha ,kavka iuq¿fõ§ ̂ 2000& fõÈldfõ jevulr isáfha;a" isy<

Wreuhg wdYS¾jdo msKsi úydruyd foaú WoHdkhg le|jk ,o NslaIq

uyd iuq¿fjka ^2000 wf.daia;=& nqoaO jkaokdj bÈßm;a lf<a;a

Oïudf,dal ysñhkah'

jir 2002ka miq Oïudf,dal ysñhka fõ.fhka kd.ßl ;reK mrmqr

w;r" ckm%shjkakg úh' u;=msáka fmkqfKa Wkajykafiaf.a wdl¾IKSh

fmkqu thg odhl jQ njh' kuq;a uf.a ye`.Sfï yeáhg ñksia weiqrg

Wkajykafia i;=j ;snQ l=i,;djh jvd;au lemS fmfkkd .=Kh njh'

foaYmd,khg msúis by< NslaIQka jykafia,d ihku w;=ßka ñksia

in|;d fyd¢kau j¾Okh lr .;af;a Wkajykafia úisks'

2003 jir wjidkfha § jrla Wkajyiafka lSfõ ;ukaf.a rEmjdyskS nK

jevigyka k;r lsÍug we;eï wfn!oaO jHdmdßlhka W;aidy lrkd

njh' we;euqka ta Èkj, iel my< lf<a Oïudf,dal ysñhka hQ'tka'mSh

úiska iQlaIu f,i f.dvk`.kd njh' ta iïm%odhslj hQtkamShg /yeksj

NslaIq n,fõ.hla f.dvke`.Su isÿjk ksid thg úl,amhla f,i nj;a

meyeÈ,s flßKs' fuhg fya;+j Wkajykafiaf.a odhlhska hQtkamShg

ys;j;aùu úh hq;=h' fuys§ tlla lsj hq;=h' idudkHfhka jdudxYslhka

fl,skau NslaIq foaYmd,kh yd .eàug h;s' iuiudc fldñhqksiaÜ

muKla fkdj cúfm mjd ;ukaf.a NslaIq ixúOdk ;kdf.k fuh

isÿl<y' pkaøsldf.a Y%S,ksmh o ta wkqj hñka cd;sljd§ NslaIQka iu.

.egqky' kuq;a hQtkamSh wkq.ukh lrkafka jvd WmdhYS,S l%uhls'

Tjqka odhl iNdj,g we;=¿ ù tajdfha il%Sh ù tu.ska NslaIqjykafia,d

md,kh lsÍug W;aidy lr;s' cd;sljd§ foaYmd,khg msúiSu ksid ;u

;ukaf.a mkai,aj, fN!;sl ÈhqKqj wekysgqjd .;a kdhl uÜgfï

NslaIQka jykafia,d úYd, .Kkla .ek uu oksñ' ta iEu ;eklu

;snqfKa hQtkamS foaYmd,khhs'

NslaIqj foaYmd,khg msúish hq;= njg >Dcq u;hla Oïudf,dal ysñhkag

o úh' fidau ysñf.a wmj;aùfï ld,fha§ o" 2004 fmnrjdÍ

md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejdyeßh úg§ o Wkajykafia fï u;h >Dcq f,i

m<l<y' cd;sl fy< Wreufha m%Odk ld¾hd,h jQfha Wkajykafiaf.a

zwimqjZh' bfíu jdf.a Wkajykafia tys m%Odk m%ldYlhd njg o

m;aúh' c'ú'fm Wkajykafiaf.a pß;h >d;kh lrñka ì;a;sj,

116

,shkdúg" Wmjdi lrkd úg m%pKav ndOdjka lrkd úg —c'ú'fm

mq;d,d krl jev lrkak tmd— f,i isÿl< foaYkd c'ú'fmg udrl úh'

wmskï w;S;fha§ lf<a cúfmg tlg tl lsÍuhs' Oïudf,dal ysñhkaf.a

lreKdjka; m%;spdrh c'ú'fmg jvd ßfokakg fya;+ jQ nj wmg oeksKs'

Wkajykafiaf.a iïmQ¾K yeisÍuu kj foaYmd,k w;aoelSula úh'

foaYmd,kfha wk;=r Ndr.kakg o Oïudf,dal ysñfhda ue,sfkdjQy'

jrla Wkajykafia pkaøsldg lSfõ md¾,sfïka;= l:dkdhl moúh fy<

Wreuhg Ndr § md¾,sfïka;=j úkh .rel lrkd f,ih' jrla

Wkajykafia wfmka iajdëk ù md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;ksj wiqka .;ay' jrla

fl<skau rks,a úl%uisxyg ckdêm;sjrKfha § Wmldr lsÍug bÈßm;a

jQy' ;j;a jrla W;=rg f.dia m%Ndlrka yuqúh hq;= hehs fhdackd l<y'

úcd;sl n,fõ. frd| ne|f.k ckm;s uyskaof.a wdKavqj fmr<Sug

W;aidy l< wjia:dfõ§ ^2007& wdKavqfõ cd;sudul jev ms<sfj<g

iydh m<l<y' fïjd we;eïúg m%;sm;a;shla ke;s mriamr woyia f,i

fmkS .sh o thska fmkajQfha foaYmd,kfha § w;HjYHfhkau oeßh hq;=

—wk;=r— oeÍug we;s yelshdjhs'

cd;sl fy< Wreufha .ukg odhl jQ wfkla NslaIq pß;h jQfha

fldgfmd< wurls;a;s ysñfhdah' Wkajykafia o ckm%sh O¾ulÓlfhla

jQy' kuq;a th wuq;= wdldrfha tlls' tys ;ekam;a lula o" ;sridr lula

o ;sìKs' lsßn;af.dv {dKdkkao ysñhka mjd ish È.= Ydiksl .uk

werUqfha fldgfmd< ysñhka fijfKah' mqxÑhg werUQ msÉpu,a

jHdmdrh o<od fmryer" fmdfidka Wf<, hkdÈhg fkdfojeks

oejeka;u fn!oaO fm<yrla lrkakg Wkajykafiag yelsúh'

fldgfmd< yduqÿrefjda i;= jeo.;au .=Kh f,i ud ÿgqfõ .eñ

kqjKhs' wdpd¾h uydpd¾h moú,dNSkag jvd O¾uh .ek Ôú;h .ek

iudc in|;d .ek Wkajykafiag oekqula ;sìKs' wfma fld<U ksji

udrejkf;lau mdfya wfma orejka oyï mdi,g heõfõ Ydka;s

mokugh' Ydka;s mokfï idudðlhka o yduqÿrejka fukau W.;a"

oekqj;a" ;ekam;a ;srir meje;=ï we;af;da jQy' foaYmd,k .uklg

fldgfmd< ysñhka ;=< t;rï leue;a;la ;snqfKa ke;' kuq;a isy<

Wreuh ìysl< úg mjd Wkajykaf.a wdYS¾jdoh thg m<úh'

úfYaIfhka fiareú, úydrh Wkajykafiaf.a mokï N+ñh ùu ksid

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


117

kef.kysr isxy,hska ú¢kd ÿl .ek mqÿudldr ixfõ.hlska isáhy'

2003 jif¾ § ,xldmgqk úydrh fldá ;%ia;hska úkdY lr isßjoaOk

fndaêh W.=¨jd oeuQúg Wkajykafia wdfõ. iïmkak úh' úkdY l<

,xldmgqkg jrla uu .sfhñ' fldá fld,a,kaf.a ;¾ckhg ,lajQ ug

fmkqfKa úfoaYslhkaf.a o iydfhka tys fldaú,la bÈfjk njh'

fyauud,S - oka; l=ure m%:u j;djg ,laÈjg f.dvng oka;Od;+ka

jykafiag fijk ÿka ia:dkh ;%ia; ìula ù ;sìKs' miqj wmg

oek.kakg ,enqfKa Örm%isoaO isrjoaOk fndaêh o W.=¨jd we;s njh'

fï ms<sn|j jrla rEmjdyskS újdohl § hQ'tka'mS kdhlfhl=f.ka

weiQúg Tyqf.a ms<s;=r jQfha ;%S%u,fha fndfyda fndaêka we;s nj;a we;eï

tajd ldl fndaëka nj;ah' wka;sfï§ ;%Su, k.rfha nqÿ ms<suhla msysgqjd

;snQ ia:dkfha kj ms<suhla ;nkakg .shúg thg fndaïn m%ydr t,a,

flßKs' tjlg ;%Su,fha kdúl wd{dm;sj isá wm ys;j;a ir;a

ùrfialr uy;d th rlskakg fndfyda uykais úh' wka;sfï§

kS;sm;sjrhd ,jd ms<suh bj;alr,Sug pkaøsld W;aidy l<dh' ta ish¨

W;aidyhka jH¾: lrkakg wms oeä wêIaGdkfhka lghq;= lf<uq'

kS;sm;s ld¾hd,h jglrkakg mjd wmg isÿúh'

;%S$u,fha isÿjk fï isÿùïj,ska fldgfmd< ysñhka buy;a lïmdjg

m;ajQy' ishü ckm%sh ckmokula iys; ysñjrekaf.a le|ùula

Wkajykafia úiska" isÿlrkd ,È' .xf.dvú, fidau ysñ" lsßn;af.dv

{dkdkkao ysñ" fldf<dkakdfõ Y%S iqux., ysñ" Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal ysñ

jeks ysñjreka o cd;sl ix> iïfï,kfha t,a,dj, fïOdkkao kdysñ"

ú,afma fidaNs; ysñ" w;=r,sfha r;k ysñ wd§ ysñjre o thg tlajQy'

we;af;kau cd;sl fy< Wreuhla ìysùug uq,a tluq;=j isÿjqfKa ta

NslaIq yuqfjks' fidau ysñ wmj;a lsÍu ksid thg kj Yla;su;a mokula

jeáKs' cd;sl fy< Wreuh ìyslsÍu i|yd ckm%sh NslaIQka jykafia,d

yd l%shdldÍ NslaIQka jykafia,d w;r md,u jQfha fldgfmd< kdhl

yduqÿrejkah' ud cd;sl fy< Wreufha f,alï moúh orkdúg we;eï

wh tfrys jQ úg tlS f,alï Oqrh Ndrf.k mlaIfha w¾nqoh ksud lf<ao

Wkajykafiah'

cd;sl fy< Wreufha kdhl;ajhg W;a;Í;r ix> iNdj úiska"

talu;slj m;alr.;af;a mqrdúoHd pl%j¾;s mQcH t,a,dj, fïOdkkao

kdhl yduqÿrejkajh' cd;sl ix> iïfï,kfha iNdm;s;ajhg

118

tkf;la Wkajykafia ud mqoa.,slj oek isáfha ke;' Wkajykafiaf.a

Ydia;S%h lghq;= wid ;sìKs' lshjd ;sìKs' Wkajykafiag foaYmd,ksl

w;aoelSï o úh' ta ish,a, lÈu lD;shla f,i ksl=;aj we;s ksid ta

ms<sn|j jeähula fkdlshñ' Wkajykafia ms<sn| lreKq folla i|yka

l< hq;=h' tlla kï Wkajykafia fudk iNdj, fudk wdldrhg

jecUqk;a ish .ug" kdmdj, iqux.,drduhg mqÿudldr f,i ne£ isákd

njhs' fndfyda jHdmdßlhka mkai, kùlrKh lsÍug W;aidy l< o

Wkajykafia iïudoï Ndr fkd.;ay' iq<`.lg yiq ù me/Ks úydr

ukaÈrh ì|jegqKq úg thg odkm;sfhl=f.ka wdOdrhla ,nd§ug ud

oerE W;aidyhg leue;a; m<lf<a th uf.a mß;Hd.hla f,i isÿl<

úgh' ckdêm;s f,alï ,,s;a ùr;=x. uy;d iu. jrla úydria:dkfha

W;aijhlg .shúg tys we;s pdï .eñ nj oel m<uqj mqÿu úh' miqj

mqÿudldr f,i i;=gq jQfha wyi Wig uy ueÿre fuka mkai,a bÈlsÍfï

fudaia;rhla o we;eï odhlhska f.khk nj m%ldY lrñks'

Wkajykafiaf.a fï ksy;udkS .eñlu Tmakexfjkafka foiqï mj;ajk

úg§h' .eñ WmyrK r¿ l;dÈh ish foaYkd i|yd Wkajykafia

fhdod.kakd w;r" iuyrúg wms ìhjkafka kdhl yduqÿrejkaf.a

l;dfjka hïlsis wjq,la Wkajykafiag isÿfõhehs is;df.kh' kuq;a

tajd weiQjkaf.a m%;spdr n,kdúg th b;d id¾:l foiqula nj miqj

wjfndaO lr.kafkuq' kdhl yduqÿrejkaf.a fojeks .=Kh b;sydih

ms<sn| Wkajykafiaf.a ukd oekquhs' uydpd¾h mrKú;dk" lUqremsáfha

jkr;k kdysñ wd§ úoaj;=kaf.ka miq mqrdúoHd lafIa;%fha fkdueflk

,l=K t,a,dj, kdysñhkah' jeo.;au foa kï Wkajykafia ;ksj

fidhd.;a fi,a,sms m%udKh mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j tlaj fidhd.;a

m%udKhg jvd jeä ùuh' md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S jYfhka Wkajykafiag

,enqKq jrm%ido ish,a, fhojqfKa úfYaIfhka W;=re yd kef.kysr

mkai,a yd wfma Wreuh f,djg úoyd olajkakgh' md;d, idudðlfhl=

fhdodf.k rks,a úl%uisxy yd rú lreKkdhl Wkajykafiag

fnkaiald¾j,ska oud .ikakg l%shd l<úg Wkajykafiaf.a muKla

fkdj mlaI úmlaI fndfyda fn!oaOhskaf.a is;a ßÿks' ukao cd;sl

uÜgfuka .;al< uyd isxyf,a jxYl;dfjka kdhl yduqÿrejkaj

idudkH ckhd mjd ye¢k isá ksidh' c'ú'fm kHdfhka yduqÿrejkag

myr§ug .sh rks,a foaYmd,kslj ;j;a w;rux úh' uq,§ t,a,dj,

kdysñhka" NslaIqj >Dcq foaYmd,khg meñfKkjdg leue;a;la

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


119

oelajQfhau ke;' Wkajykafia th lSm jdrhla m%;slafIam lr uyd

fldkafoais .Kkdjlg hg;aj ms<s.;af;ah' kuq;a thg tl`.ùfuka

miq th w;afkdyer oeäj /l.;a;dy' tu.ska fndfyda NslaIQkag

wdo¾Yhla jQy'

wdpd¾h ú,afma fidaNs; ysñhka .ek ud oek.;af;a 1999

ckdêm;sjrKh j¾ckh lsÍug Wkajykafiaf.a o iydh ,eîu

ksidfjks' bkamiq Wkajykafia cd;sl ix> iïfï,kfha m%;dmj;a"

lÓlhd úh' wmf.a cd;sl jHdmdrfha isá iudc fiajho" O¾u {dkho"

foaYmd,k nqoaêh o" wjxllu o by<skau ;snQ h;sjrhdKka flfkla

jQy' wjia:d foll§u ish Ôú;h mrÿjg ;enQy' m<uq wjia:dj jQfha

fidau ysñ wmj;a ùfuka miq 2003 foieïn¾ 23 od n,y;aldrfhka

wd.ïj,g yerùug tfrysj mk;la f.ktk f,i n,lrñka wd.ñl

wud;HdxYh bÈßmsg l< Wmjdihhs' lre chiQßh yd úcuq

f,dl=nKavdr weue;sjre ta i|yd fmdfrdkaÿjla § mk;la o flgqïm;a

l<y' pkaøsld md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd,Su ksid th je<lS .sfhah'

fojeksjr Wkajykafia iqkdñ uKav,hla ;kd m%Ndlrkag fjr< ;Srh

Ndr§ug tfrysj o<od ueÿr bÈßmsg Wmjdihla wdrïN l<y' ̂ 2005& uy

oejeka; úfrdaOhla njg th m;aúh' wjidkfha pkaøsld" uydkdhl

ysñjre i;rkug tjekakla fkdlrk njg fmdfrdkaÿ úh' cúfmg

wdKavqfjka bj;aùug isÿjQfõ;a" fidaNs; ysñ wkqlrKh lrkakg

f.dia uyd w;ruxùula isÿ jQfha;a ta iu.uh' iqmqreÿ f,i pkaøsld

fmdfrdkaÿ lvl<;a Wkajykafia fY%aIaGdêlrKhg f.dia hqla;sh

bgqlrjd .;ay' u;aøjH" ÿïjeá mk;" W;=r yd kef.kysr

fjkalr,Sfï kvqj" ckdêm;sjrKh 2005g .ekSfï kvqj wd§

ft;sydisl isÿùï .Kkdjl l¾;D= Wkajykafia úh' ysgmq w.úksiqre

ir;a kkao is,ajd yd Wkajykafia w;r ;snQ ys;j;alu fï kvqj,g

n,mE njg fndre u;hla we;eï wh m;=rjkakg W;aidy l< o"

widOdrKh ÿgql< ir;a is,ajd uy;dg mjd Wkajykafiaf.ka iudjla

,enqfKa ke;' Yío ¥IK fpdaokd u; ysñkula ßudkaâ nkaOkd.dr

.;l< úg Wkajykafia újD;ju ysgmq w.úksiqre;=ud úfõpkh

lrkakg miqng fkdjQy' ;ukg ,enqKq uka;%S Oqrfhka ,enQ ish,a,

mlaIhg mQcdl< Wkajykafia wka;sfï§ tu uka;%S Oqrhu mjd mlaIhgu

iqÿiq hula lrkakehs lshd mß;Hd. lrkakg ;rï mß;Hd.YS,S jQy'

m%;dmj;a nj Wkajykafiaf.a pß; ,l=K jQ w;r" th ´kEu iNdjl

120

´kEu wfhl=g m%ldY lsÍug ;rï W;a;r iajdNjhla úh' ug ks;ru

ú,afma fidaNs; ysñhka fmfkkafka mSä; isxy, .u kùldrl

f,dalh iu. f.dvke.sh yels iudc fiajh fjkqfjka Èú leml<

mrudo¾YS NslaIq pß;hla f,ih' l%ufhka m%Odk ,dxlsl k.rhla f,i

f.dvkef.k weô,smsáfha m%:u fn!oaO cd;Hka;r mdi, we;slrñka

Wkajykafia lf<a .eñ orejka iudcfha by<g Tfidjd ;eîfï hq;=lu

bgqlr,Su muKla fkdfõ' wkd.; Y%S ,xldfõ isÿùug hk uyd

m%cd;dka;%sl úma,jh ixfla;j;a lsÍuh'

w;=r,sfha r;k ysñhka uq,skau ug yuqjQfha 1987 uq,§ le,Ksh úYaj

úoHd,fha we;s jQ YsIH NslaIq wr.,hla ksidh' fm%auodi w.ue;s;=ud tlS

jir ^1987& cd;sl ksjdi jir f,i kïlr ;sìKs' jrla ud khsfrdaì

kqjr tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uQ,ia:dkhg mßir iuq¿jlg .shúg ̂ 2009& tys

me/Ks ks,OdÍfhla fm%auodi uy;d .ek úuiSh' th ud uú; lf<ah'

ukao fndfydafokd fuka udo is;d isáfha tlai;a cd;Ska jeks

ixúOdkj, fm%auodi jeks ks¾m%N+ foaYmd,lfhl= u;l igyka

;sfhkafka flfiao lshdh' fm%auodi uy;d f,dal ckdjdi Èkh

fhdackd lsÍfuka tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha b;sydihg tlaù ;snQ

nj ud oek.;af;a todh' jrla t;=ud tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh

weu;Su lrkdúg ld,h yudr nj mjik r;= úÿ,s nqnq, m;a;=jQ úg th

ish f,akaiqfjka jid l;dj È.gu lrf.k .sh nj ksõfhda¾la ys jik

udOHfõÈfhl= jQ ;e,smaãka mejiQ nj o u;lh'

fm%auodi uy;dg bvla ,enqkdkï Tyq cd;sl foaYmd,kfha fukau

wka;¾cd;sl foaYmd,kfha§ o lemS fmfkkd kdhlfhl= ùug fndfyda

ÿrg bvla ;sìKs'

1987 fma%uodi w.ue;s kïl< ksjdi jif¾ le,Ksh úYaj úodHd,fha

YsIH NslaIqka fm<md<s .sfha Wkajykafia,dg fkajdisld.dr ke;snj

lshñks' th fmdÿ YsIH wr.,hla úh' th fufyùug uu tys .sfhñ'

fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,fha ffjoH mSGfha chY%S iu. w;=r,sfha r;k

ysñhkao tys jevu lr isáhy' r;k ysñhka NslaIqka jykafia,d wu;d

l< l;dj uf.a is;a .;af;ah'wka NslaIq jykafia,d fuka fkdj l;dfõ

lÈug o¾YkSl idrhla o fnd,a udlaiajd§ jd.d,dmhg tyd .sh ienE

cd;sljd§ Woafõ.hla o úh' r;k ysñhka fmardfoKsfha o¾Yk wxYfha

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Wmdêh iu;a jQfha thg fmr jeäu ,l=Kq .;a jika; rdcdf.a

jd¾;djo ìò ouñks' r;k ysñg lÓldpd¾h moúhla ,nd fkd§ug

úYaj úoHd, mßmd,kh iQlaIu f,i l%shdlf<ah' le,Ksh NslaIq igk

wdKavqj u¾okh lf<ah' wmj úYaj úoHd,h ;=< isrlr fmd,sia jeglaa

ne|" c,h yd úÿ,sh lmd yßkd ,§' ál Èklg uu Wml=m;s ld¾hd,fha

mÈxÑ úñ' wdydr yd c,h ke;=j jeäl,la igk weòf.k hd

fkdyelsnj wms wjfndaO lr .;af;uq' fmd,Sish yd .egqula

we;slrf.k igk úiqrejd yßk f,i c'ú'fm kdhlfhda n,lrñka

isáhy' wms thg leue;s fkdjQfjuq'

fï wjia:dfõ le,Ksfha —frdkS˜ bÈßm;a úh' Tyq .ek o fuys § hula

i|yka l< hq;=uh' frdkS cúfm oeä l%shdldßlfhl= jQ w;r ukd

jeã.sh isrerla iys; l%Svd Y=rfhlao úh' tfukau <hdor ñksfila úh'

lEu m%Yakh yd c, m%Yakh Tyq úi`ÿfõh' úYaj úoHd,fha <sò újD;lr

oejeka; gexls follg c,h mqrjd ÿkafkah' ;dmamfhka mek f.dia

mdka mqrjk ,o f.daks lSmhla f.k wdfõh' igk jefgk f;la n,d

isá fmd,Sishg f;areï .sfha wms hg;a fkdù È.ug w,a,df.k isákd

njh' ryi frdkSf.a wêIaGdkhhs' YsIHhskaf.a wêIaGdkh mj;ajd

.ekSu iòyd r;k ysñ;a" ud;a n,yrefõ ysñ;a" tl È.ug l;d meje;ajq

nj u;lh' wka;sfï§ wms igk ch.;suq' ta c'ú'fm ksfhda.j,g

mgyeksj hñks'

c'ú'fm ;=< isá tä;r Wodr ñksfila jQfha frdkSh' jrla wmg fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha§ ^1986 & ixúOdkh jQ ohd m;srK"O¾uisß yd ;sirKS .=Kfialr wd§ka fmd¨ uq.=rej,ska m%ydrhla t,a, l<y' fndfyda cúfm iudÔlhka mek ÿjoa§ fkdfi,aù isáfha frdkS muKs' —wo uu f;dmsg .ykjd' fudlo ug yhsh ;sfhk ksid ˜ cúfmg yhsh ;snqfKd;a Wka ug .yk nj;a ux fydòg okak ksid˜ hehs tod ohd m;srK m%ldY l<nj ug fydòg u;lh' ta m%ldYh we;a;la úh' ohd m;srK urd oeïfï c'ú'fmg Tyqg uqyqKÈh fkdyels jQ ksidh' miqj lgqkdhl lòjqrg myr§ug f.dia frdkS o ñh .sfhah' ikafâ ghsïia mqj;amf;ka Tyqf.a u< isrer wms y`ÿkd.;af;a thg fmrod ? wfma fndaäfuka rd;%S wdydr f.k tys ;snQ w÷re meye fldgq lñihla o we|f.k Tyq msg;aj f.dia ;snQ fyhska f,hska fm`.S .sh lñifhks' frdkSf.a ñ;=frl= jQ

122

wfYdal yò.u miqj Tyqf.a fg,s kdgHhlg frdkSf.a m%sh;u .S;hla jQ wdfh;a lshkafka kE jika;ss .S;h uqiq lf<ah'

ud miqj úÿ,sn, uKav,fha mqyqKqj iòyd kqjr .shúg r;k ysñ iu. inò;d ;rlr .;sñ' Wkajykafia úúO o¾Ykhka ms<snò jeo.;a yeoEÍula lr ;snq w;r O¾ufialr jeks c'ú'fm fkdjk cd;sljd§ foaYmd,k kdhlhkao weiqre lf<ah' fmardfoKsfha — ksIañ ̃ ug lSfõ r;k ysñ wkd.;fha fødaysfhlaùug we;s bvlv fndfyda jeänjh' jdudxYsl <ore j,smamqj yod fkdf.k bkakehs ksIañg m%ldYl< nj ug u;lh' ffjoH mSGfha iqo;a nKavdr kï r;kysñ iu. iqyo úh' NsIK hq.fhka miq ^ 1987-89 & cúfm by< uKav,j, b;=re jQ w;f<diafika tla wfhl= jQ iqo;a nKavdr miqj c'ú'fmg wdhqfndajka lshd cd;sl Ñka;lfhla úh' miqj iqo;a ;uka úiska mßj¾;kh l< iamdglia lD;sh /f.k ud yuqùug meñKs w;r w;S;fha§ iS;, fmardfoKsfha isÿjQ WKqiqï od¾Yksl jdoújdo .ek u;lhka fndfyda fõ,djla ri lrñka úuid isá nj u;lh'

r;k ysñhkaf.a w;súfYaIh jQfha ´kEu l%shdoduhla mqoa.,sl ueÈy;aùfuka wjq,alr fjkia lsÍug Wkajykafiag ;snQ yelshdjh' ljqre fudkjd lSj;a ud;ßka fld iNdj ìysjkafka ke;' fjk;a ix> iNd ìysjqK;a tajd myiqfjka foaYmd,k w;fld¨ ùug bv ;sìKs' cd;sl ix> iïfï,kh;a tfiauh' pkaøsld yd c'ú'fm tlaù uykqjr wdOdr iuq¿jla mj;ajd rfÜ m%;srEmh úlD;s l<úg jyd ke.sg th ksjerÈ lf<a nqÿrcdKka jykafia NslaIqkg foaYkd l< —je/oao ÿgq;ek th ksjerÈ lrkq˜ hk foaYkdj u; isgf.kh' udú,a wdre isÿùuo tjekakls'

2006 cQ,s 23 od r;k ysñhka ug ÿrl;kfhka l;dlr weiqfõ udú,a wdrej jid we;s ksid fiareú, ck;dj uy;aa ÿIalr;djhlg m;aj we;s njh' wms jydu ueÈy;a úh hq;= nj Wkajykafia ;jÿrg;a m%ldY l<y'th jydu isÿlrkd f,i;a ksYdka; legqj tys hk f,i;a b,a,d isáfhñ' r;k ysñhka udú,a wdre n,d .sh w;r ksrdhqo ckhd ixúOdkh lr ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj igka lsÍu iòyd wjYH oejeka; udkisl miq;,h ks¾udKh lr ÿkafkah' ;%ia;jd§kaf.a udkisl

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123

hqoaOfha f.dÿre ù isá hQ'tka'mSh yd fjk;a n,fõ. úYajdi lf<a r;k ysñf.a —nd, m%pdrl m%o¾Ykh ˜ rg uy;a hqo jHikhlg f.khk njh' c'ú'fm oerefõo fujeks u;hls' c'ú'fm uka;%S úfÊfialr" uyskao mqrhg meñKs ck;dj wffO¾h lsÍug ;e;al< w;r th ck;djf.a fldamh jeälsÍug fya;=jla úh' m%foaYfha we;eï ysñjreka mjd lSfõ t,S,ka iu. idlÉcd lr m%Yakh úi|d.; hq;= njh' wdKavqfõ we;euqka mjd is;=fõ È.=ld,Sk hqo ie,eiaug fuh ndOdjla njh'

Y%Sm;s iQßhdrÉÑ jrla m%ldYlr ;snqfKa fldá udú,a wdre fidfrdõj

jeiqfha uyskao - m%Ndlrka .súiqug wkqj idïmq¾ c, fhdackd l%uhla

iòyd wdKavqj uqo,a fkdÿka ksid njh' kuq;a we;a; jQfha m%Ndlrka ish

uQf,damdhsl hqo ie,iqu tkï ;%Su,h jglr hdmkh we,a,Sfï ie,iqu

l%shdfõ kexùug fuh isÿl< njh'thg wdikak;u fya;=j jQfha

Y%S,xld yuqodjka kef.kysr ì£.sh fldá idudÔlhka ish .Kkska

ikakoaO lrkd nj ish T;a;=fiajdj,ska m%Ndlrka oek .ekSu h'

wms fuh oek isáfhuq' n,d fkdisg m%;sm%ydrh t,a, fkdl<d kï

;j;a m%N+ >d;k fm<la ̂ fï jkúg hqo yuqodm;s >d;khg W;aidy ord

;sìKs& iu. hdmkh jglsÍu isÿùug bv ;sìKs' r;k ysñhkaf.a l%shdj

u.ska isÿjQfha fldá Wmdh ud¾.h wjq,aù ie,iqïl< l,g l,ska

fldákag tfrysj ck;d hqoaOh we/öuh'

pkaøsld rks,af.a md,kfha wud;HdxYh mjrd .ekSu' isÿl< od ^ 2004

fmnrjdÍ 03& wfma ckyuqjla uykqjr meje;aúKs' pkaøsldf.a

ld¾hd,fha isá wfma ys;jf;l= lSfõ .eiÜ ksfõokh uqøKh

lr.ekSug rKúrdcd uy;d iu;aaù we;s njh' miqjQ Èfkl ;s,la

rKúrdcd uy;d rks,af.a wdKavqfõ wud;HdxY mjrd .ekSfï .eiÜ

ksfõokh ,nd.;a wdldrh;a fYa%IaGdêlrKfhka wdrlaIl weue;s Oqrh

iòyd lshùu ,nd.;a wdldrh;a kdgHdhkqidrfhka ug meyeÈ,s

lrÿkafkah' rks,af.a mdjd§u k;r lsÍug th ks¾NS; mshjrla jkq

we;ehs wfma úYajdih úh' wfkla w;g lreKdf.a ì£ hEu iaÓr ù ;snQ

ksid m%Ndlrka läuqäfha hqo je§fï wk;=rla o fkdùh' tlai;a

124

cd;Skaf.a yuqod ueÈy;alrùfï ;e; ksid ksrEmïfika yd bkaÈhdj

isáfhao o;al+re lñks' tlu lkiai,a, jQfha rks,a ck;d úfrdaaOh

mdrg f.k wdKavqjg wNsfhda. lrhso hkakh' kuq;a .=jkaf;dgqfmd< §

udOH weue;= rks,a lSfõ ;u ÿla.ekeú,a, fcd¾Ê nqIag lsjQ njh'

uqyqKg uqyqK igka lsÍug isÿjQ úg th fkdlr yels;dla igk u.yer

wka wh msg heùu rks,af.a kdhl;ajfha ÿ¾j,u ,l=Khs' pkaøsld

yrshgu t;ekg .eiqfõh' m%fldaá .Kkla foaYSh úfoaYSh wruqo,a

úhoïlr ;ekQ foaÿkq ikaOdkh fnd|ù .sfhah'

wms isy< Wreufha /iaùï lSmhla ;enQfjuq' fidau ysñhka wmj;aùu

fldákag rg mdjd§u wd§h ksid mqÿudldr m%;spdrhla wmg ,eî ;sìKs'

B<`. ue;sjrKfha fld<U muKla fkdj .ïmy" l¿;r " uykqjr" wd§

m%foaYj,o wfma ;;a;ajh iqNodhs nj meyeÈ,s úh'fï w;r NslaIqka jykafia fj;ska fhdackdjla bÈßm;a úh' tkï

Wkajykafia,d Ydiksl jqjukdj fjkqfjka ue;sjrKhg bÈßm;a úh

hq;=h hkakh'

fï ms<snò mQ¾j idlÉcd l=mamshdj;a; chfiaLrdrdufha

meje;aúKs't,a,dj, fïOdkkao kdysñ" fldf<dkakdfõ iqux., yssñ"

Wvqfõ Oïudf,dal ysñ " fldgfmd< wurls;a;s ysñ" w;=r,sfha r;k ysñ"

m%uqL NslaIqka jykafia,d /ila o ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;d yd ud o thg

iyNd.S jqfjuq' t;ek§ u; lSmhla bÈßm;a úh' t,a,dj, ysñ m%ldY

lf<a iDcqj ue;sjrKj,g bÈßm;a ùu NslaIq;ajhg ydkslr ùug bv

we;s neúka iqÿiq .sys msßilg iydh Èhhq;= njh' fldf<dkakfõ ysñ yd

Wvqfõ ysñ tajkúg;a ie,lsh hq;= ÿrla ixúOdk lghq;= lr ;snqKy'

fld<U wjg isákd fndfyda jeo.;a ysñjreka ;u woyi bÈßm;a lr

;snQ w;r Pkaohg ;r. lsÍu iòyd ,,s;a fmruqK mlaIho f;dardf.k

;sìKs' fldgfmd< ysñ"r;k ysñ wd§kaf.a u;h jQfha bÈß Èkj, fï

iòyd idlÉcdjla lr ;SrKh l< hq;= njhs' O¾udh;kfha uyr.u

Oïuisß ysñ" ́ u,afma fidaNs; ysñ" ueo.u Oïudkkao ysñ wd§kao thg

iïnkaO lr.; hq;= nj fhdackd úh' ueo.u Oïudkkao ysñ NslaIqj

fjku Pkaohg tau .ek leue;a;la oelajQfha ke;' f.dvkef.k

YS%','ks'm - c'ú'fm ikaOdkhg iydh Èhhq;= hk u;fha Wkajykafia

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uq,§ isáh uq;a miqj fy< Wreuh bÈßhg hoa§ thg odhlù uOHu

ldrl iNdjgo we;=<;a úh' uq,§u Wkajykafia bÈßm;ajqjdkï W;a;r

ix> uKav,hg mjd tlalr .ekSfï iQodkula úh' uyr.u Oïuisß ysñ

NslaIqj foaYmd,k n,hla f.dvk.d .;hq;=hs lSj o ;uka thg

mqoa.,slj lemùug we;s m%dfhda.sl .eg¨ fmkakd ÿkafkah' fjkiau

u`.la f.k yrj;a foaYmd,khla lsÍu iòyd NslaIqj foaYmd,khg

bÈßm;a úh hq;=h hkak ́ u,afma ysñf.a woyi úh'

wm mlaIh ;=<skao fï woyig úreoaO;ajh m<úh' ;s,;a lreKdr;ak

uy;df.a woyi jQfha wm ikaOdkhg tlaù Pkaoh b,a,sh hq;= njhs' Tyq

fï woyi 2001 § o bÈßm;al< w;r thg mgyeksj wms ;ksfhka b,a,d

mrdch ms<s.;af;uq' wfma fndfyda fofkl=f.a woyi jqfha ch mrdch

fkdj m%;sm;a;shg uq,a;ek ;sìh hq;= njhs'

Woh .ïukams, uy;d we;=¿ mlaIhg lemjqKq l%shdldÍka fndfyduhla

m%ldYlr isáfha ;;sj ;r. lsÍfuka fujr wksj¾fhkau fydò

ksfhdackhla .;yels ksid wm wksjd¾fhka ;ksj ;r. l< hq;= njhs'

fï w;r" NslaIqka jykafia,df.a mqoa.,sl ñ;=rka f,i fmkS isá

we;euqka isy< Wreuh mdÉp,a lrkak;a NslaIqkag wfma iydh wjYH

ke;ehs lshñka wmj fy<d olskakg;a jQy' tys lKavdhï folla úh'

tlla wdKavqjg fyda hQ'tka'mShg ys;e;s lKavdhuhs' Tjqka fyd`Èka oek

isáfha wm jeks wh isáh fyd;a wkd.; NslaIq n,h Tjqkg wjYH f,i

md,kh l< fkdyels njh' wfkla msßi fkdfhla m%Yak ksid wfmka

fjkaj .sh msßila úh' Tjqkg wjYH jQfha yels;dla wmg ndOdlsÍuh'

wjidkfha § §¾> idlÉcd .Kkdjlska miq isy< Wreuh cd;sl fy<

Wreuh nj m;alr.kak;a tys ,l=K f,i iqN ,l=KlajQ chYxLh

fhdod .kakg;a wmg yelsúh' 2004 fmnrjdÍ 14 wud jeiai ;reK is,a

jevigyk ^fuh je,kaghska Èkhg tfrysj fhdod.;a mqkqreo

jevms<sfj<la úh& Èkfha th m%ldY lrkakg bgd.;a; o fkdfhla

ndOd ksid th bgq fkdùh' Wvqfõ yd fldf<dkakdfõ ysñjrekag oeä

mSvkhla úúO lafIa;% j,ska we;súh' wka;sfï§ ms<shkao, fndÿ

iuq¿fõ § oyia .Kkl idÿldr ko ueoafoa wfYdal ueKslaf.dv

uy;df.a wdrdOkfhka cd;sl fy< Wreuh m%ldYhg m;aflßKs'

iïm;a nexl=j" yeÍ chj¾Ok uy;df.a .%yKfhka fírd.ekSu iòyd

126

wm Èh;a l< igkska u;= jQ jeo.;a pß;hls wfYdal ueKslaf.dv' tla

Èkl Tyqj ug y÷kajdÿkafka ta igfkys fmruqfKysu isá l¿;r

iq.=K ysñhka úisks' Tyqj uu l=vdl< isg oksñ' wms ;laIs,dfõ

l%Svdlghq;= lrkúg Tyq YS%md,sfha l%Svd lghq;= lf<ah' ueKslaf.dvf.a

ye`.Sïnr fn!oaO wdhdpkh B<Õg rgmqrd cd;sl fy< Wreuh

fõÈldfõ /õÿkafkah' Tyq r;a;rka mmqjla we;s fydò Y%oaOdiïmkak

fn!oaOfhla úh'

;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;d isy< Wreuh NslaIQka jykafiag mqcdlsÍu

.ek leue;a;la oelajQfõ ke;' kuq;a mdkÿr fy< Wreuh /,sh

oelSfuka miq Tyq NslaIQ ch.%yKh iòyd lemúh' ffjoH fkú,a

m%kdkaÿ ^l,la mdkÿr uka;%S& ÿrl:kfhka udyg lSfõ mdkÿr k.r

iNd msáhg 1977 ue;sjrKfha § msÍ.shdg miq mqrjkq ,enqfha fy<

Wreufha iajdñka jykafia,d njh' tÈk /,sfha § wm ms<snò T;a;=

n,ñka isá fi,skaflda iud.fï fiajh l< ysgmq yuqod ks,OdÍka

lSmfofkl= wmg yiqúh' wfma jdykj,g iudk jdyk fhdodf.k

wfma pß; >d;kh iòyd tajd fhdod .kakd wkaou .ekjQ uyd

l=uka;%Khla miqj uykqjßka w,a,d.;a ysgmq yuqod ks,OdÍka

fofofkl= o fy<sorõ lf<ah' fld;,dj, uy;d r;=br mek we;s nj

wms f;areï .;af;uq' fld;,dj, uy;d uyd uQ,H jxpdjla yiqù

isrf.org hkf;lau Tyqf.a wd.ñl yd Okn,h iu. wmg O¾u

hqoaOhla úh'

rgmqrdu f.dia cd;sl fy< Wreuhg wjYH wfmalaIl ,ehsia;=j

;ekqfha udh' .ïmy ,ehsia;=j ilia lroa§ îksfrda wdh;kkfha§&

ysñkulf.a wvqmdvqjla mekke.S w;r ta iòyd wfma óß.u bkaodir

ysñ iu. jevulr isá wm/lafla mq[a[dkkao ysñf.aa ku

fhdod.ekSug isÿúh' wm/lafla ysñ miqj uka;%Sjrfhl= úh' fy<

Wreuh iu. u; .egqï we;slr.;a w;r iqm%lg l:dkdhl Pkaofha §

ikaOdkhg Pkaoh ÿkafkah' wms ta Pkao ksfIaO lsÍfuka w¨;a

b;sydihla ks¾udKh lf<uq'

fy< Wreuh m%ldY l<od isg c'ú'fm m%pKav f,i wmg ndOd lf<ah'

we;eï NslaIqka msßila ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;df.a ksji bÈßmsg

Wmjdihla lsÍugo bÈßm;a jQy' uydpd¾h iageka,s úfÊiqkaor >d;kh

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iòyd T;a;= ne¨ njg fpdaokd ,enQfjlao ta w;r úh' Pkaofha § c'ú'fm

ndOdj,g uqyqK §fï j.lSu isy< Wreufha ;reK mrmqr ndr.kakd ,§'

c'ú'fm fmd,sia n,h yd rdcH hdka;%h wmg tfrysj fhdod .;af;ah'

oeka ^2009& úmlaIfha isg Tjqka rdcH u¾okh .ek lshñka Widú hEu

úys¿jla jkafka tod rdcH n,h cd;sl fy< Wreuhg tfrysj fhdod.;a

wdldrh foi ne,Sfuks' uykqjr" l=reKE.," l¿;r yd fld<U

Èia;%slalj, ue;sjrK lghq;=o" udOH m%pdrl lghq;= o fufyhùu uu

isÿ lf<ñ' Oïudf,dal ysñfhda wuq;=u wdldrhlg fld<U ixúOdkh

l< ksid;a oyia .Kkla iafõÉPdfjka thg odhl jQ ksid;a tys t;rï

fjfyila oeÍug jQfha ke;' kuq;a wfkla Èia;%slalj, wmsg Wmßu

f,i lemjkakg isÿúh' l¿;r yd uykqjr wdik ,enqfKa o"

l=reKE., wdikhla wdikakhg wdfõo ta lemùu ksidh' we;eï

jHdmdßlhka ikaOdkhg yd hQ'tka'mShg ienEjgu uqo,a úhoï lrkd

w;f¾ fy< Wreuh lrkafka;a ;ukahehs fmkakd fokakg W;aidy

l<y' kuq;a fy< Wreuhg uydmßudKfhka Wmldr lf<a wm%lg

ñksiqka fo;=ka fofkls' iaj¾Kjdysksh újD;j ,ndÿka m%pdrl iydh

kd.ßl m%foaYj, ue;sjrK ch.%yKhg fndfyda bjy,a úh'

l¿;r pkao .Kka lsÍfï uOHia:dkfha rd;%sfha isáfha§ ug wfma

me/Ks .Ks; .=rejrhdjQ fikaokdhl uy;d yuqúh' ;uka foaYmd,fha

§ ksIalS%h kuq;a fujr msßisÿ foaYmd,khla m;d fy< Wreuhg Pkaoh

ÿka nj m%ldY lf<ah' fyf;u Pkao .Kka lÍfï ks,Odßfhl=o jQ ksid

wmg wdikhla ;sfnkd nj mß.Klh mÍlaIdlr n,d Tyq lSfõh' wms

m%s;Sfhka mskd .sfhuq' l¿;ßka m<uqjekshd fkdjqkfyd;a b,a,d wiajk

nj lsjQ frðfkda,aâ l=f¾ mäfmf<a § yuqúh' c'ú'fm kkaok .=K;s,l

Tyq fuka fo.=Khla ukdm f.k ;snqKq w;r c'ú'fm ;sfokdu Tyqg

Wäka úh' b,a,d wiafkdjk fuka o ;uka lSfõ YS%',ks'mfha

m<uqjekshd ùu .ek nj udOHj,g meyeÈ,s lrk fuka o t;=udg

úsys¿jg fuka lSfjñ' Èidm;s ld¾h,fha § ug kkaok yd uyskao

iurisxy yuqúh' iskduqiq uqyqKska uyskao lSfõ cd;sl wdKavqjlg

ld,h wjq;a we;s njh' yenehs ta ;SrKh .kakg Tyqg ;j;a fojirla

.;úh'

wfma Pkao m%;sM,h fndfydaÿrg isy< Wreufha m%;sM,hg iudk úoyd

oelaùula úh'kuq;a 2000 § isy< Wreuh .;a Pkao m%udKh fuka

128

wdikakfhka i;r .=Khla fy< Wreuh ,ndf.k ;sìKs' flfia

fj;;a fld<U" .ïmy" l¿;r" kqjr" l=reKE., wd§ kd.ßl W.;a msßi

nyq, m%foaYj, by<skau Pkaoh jeà ;sìKs' leianEj yd uyr.u

hQ'tka'mSh o me/§ ;sìKs' NslaIQka jykafia Pkaoh fkdb,a,d isy<

Wreuh b,a¨j;a wvq;rñka wdik ;=klaj;a ,efnkakg bv ;sìKs'

m%;sm;a;s muKla fkdj wfmaCIlhd o" mKsjqvh muKla fkdj

mKsjqvlre o jeo.;a nj cd;sl fy< Wreuh fmkakd ÿkafkah'

tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkhys we;euqka lSfõ wms Tjqkaf.a Pkao levq

njh' th wi;Hhls' 2001 § Y%S','ks'm" c'ú'fm fjk fjku .;a Pkaoh

fujr Tjqka tlaù ,ndf.k ;sìKs' hQtkamSfha Pkaoh kï wvqù

;snqfKah' ug miqj rks,a úl%uisxy yd u,sla iurúl%u hk fofokdu

lSfõ fy< Wreuh ksid mdvq jQfha hq'tka'mShg njh'uf.a u;h kï wms

Èkd.;af;a mlaIj,g .e;s fkdjq uOHñl Pkaohla njhs' 2005

ckdêm;sjrKfha§ wms fy< Wreuhg jegqKq Pkaoj,ska 65] la muK

uyskao rdcmlaI fj;g f.khEug iu;a ùfuka fuh ;j;a meyeÈ,s úh'

fy< Wreufha iajdñka jykafia,dg myr§ ìhjoaod wm wvmkl<

yelshehs is;= ux., - Y%Sm;s - rejka - fÊ'ù'mSh l,a,sfha moku wms

mrdch lf<uq' Èjhsk mqj;am;ska wmg myr t,a,l< we;eï cd;sljd§

f,aLlfhdao wfma uyd msïu .ek uú; jQy' lsisfjl=g wdmiq yerúh

fkdyels isxy, fn!oaO n,fõ.hla n, lr<sh fjkia lsÍu wrUd

;sìKs'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


129

2004 uyd ue;sjrKh Y%S ,dxlsl iudcfha cd;sljd§ Woafõ.h

fmkakqï lf<ah' cd;sl fy< Wreuh ,nd.;af;a Pkao ,laI myudrla

jqj;a th W.;a u;jdÈ kdhl;ajhla iys; udOHñl iudcfha Pkaohla

úh' úfYaIfhkau jD;a;Shfõ§ka" ffjoH" kS;s" bxðfkarE" l<ukdlrK

yd jHdmdßl lafIa;%j, Pkaoh thg ,eìKs' fuh lsisfjl=g u.yeßh

fkdyels isxy, fn!oaO n,h iudc.; ùula úh' ikaOdkfha ,hsia;=j,

c'ú'fm wfmalaIlhska uq,a;ekg tau;a" Tjqkg ñ,shk 02l muK ckhd

ukdmh m<lsÍu;a" Y%S','ks'mh mlaIhla f,i ÿ¾j, ùu;a ta iu.u

isÿúh' fldá ixúOdkfha n,h fhoùfuka Pkao ,laI yhla ,ndf.k

fou< ikaOdkh wdik 22la ,nd.;af;ah' wkqmd; l%ufha úlD;sh

thska" fmksKs' isxy,fhl=g md¾,sfïka;= ksfhdackhla i|yd Pkao

60"000 blaujd wjYH fj;a§ oñ<fhl=g md¾,sfïka;= ksfhdackhla

i|yd wjYH jQfha Pkao 27"000la muKs' W;=re yd kef.kysr

fkdmj;sk jHdc Pkao;a ^wdikakfhka 50]la& fldá ixúOdkfha

n,y;aldrh;a" thg rks,a úl%uisxy wdKavqj oelajQ nhdÿ hg;aùu;a

ksid m%cd;ka;%jdoh úlD;s flßKs'

ihjeks È.yereu

uyskaod.ukh

130

ue;sjrKh wyjr jQ jydu ljr mlaIhlg fyda fkdne§ wms uOHia:j

isáh hq;=hehs W;a;r ix> uKav,h o fy< Wreufha uOHu ldrl iNdj

o ;SrKh lf<ah' W;a;r ix> uKav,fha ^m%Odk NslaIQka jykafia ih

ku& ;SrK .ekqfKa talu;sljh' flfia fj;;a" tlai;a ck;d ksoyia

ikaOdk wdKavqjg nyq;rh fkdùh' pkaøsld ue;sKsh meñK

Oïudf,dal ysñhkaf.a wimqfõ § wfma ysñjre uqK.eiqkdh' fï w;r"

wehf.a WmfoaYlhska úáka úg wmj o uqK .eisKs' tys § wm oek.;af;a

w.ue;s moúh i|yd ,laIauka lÈ¾.du¾ uy;dj c'ú'fm úiska fhdackd

lr we;s njh' rks,af.a wdKavqj fmr<Su i|yd lÈ¾.du¾ uy;d tl`.

lrf.k we;af;a o fï fmdfrdkaÿj bÈßhg oudf.kh' c'ú'fm

b,lalh jQfha uyskao rdcmlaI w.ue;s Oqrh ,nd.ekSu je<elaùuh'

yïnkaf;dg m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,kfha isg cd;sl foaYmd,kh olajd

uyskao rdcmlaI yd cúfm w;r" u;=msáka fkdfmfkk .egqula úh'

;ukg wNsfhda.hla úhyels pß; c'ú'fm bjiqfha ke;'

wms uyskao rdcmlaIg w.ue;slu fok f,i b,a¨fjuq' tfukau

l:dkdhl ;r.fha § ksy`vj isákakg o ;SrKh lf<uq' uyskao

rdcmlaI uy;dg w.ue;slu ÿkafka fy< Wreuh i;=gq lrkakg nj

miqj tia'î'Èidkdhl ish lD;shl ,shd ;snqfKah' th c'ú'fm Wmdh

ud¾.h mS,s mekakùula úh' w.ue;s Oqrh lÈ¾.du¾g Èh fkdyels kï

wvq;rñka th ffu;%Smd, isßfiakg fyda fok f,i c'ú'fm b,a,d ;snQ

nj miqj jd¾;d úh' c'ú'fm Wmdh ud¾.h uyskao rdcmlaI

w.ue;sùfuka wjq,a ù .sfhah'

pkaøsld" uyskao rdcmlaI w.ue;s lf<a ckdêm;s Oqrh B,. fojir ;=<

wfydais lr ;uka t;ekg tau i|ydh' úfÊodi rdcmlaI ,jd läuqäfha

jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla bÈßm;a lrkd ,§' fujeks jHjia:d

ixfYdaOkhl § l:dkdhl moúh ;SrKd;aul úh'

fï w;r" kef.kysr hqoìfï kj ;;a;ajhla we;s úh' kef.kysr fldá

kdhl lreKd" rks,af.a wdKavqjg;a" miqj pkaøsldf.a wdKavqjg;a"

fhdackd lr isáfha ;uka iu. fjku idu .súiqula we;slr .ekSug;a"

lreKd iy i.hska 3000la yuqodjg tlaùug;ah' lreKd wm%sfh,a 04

uyd ue;sjrKfha § ish ksfhdað;hka 05 fofkl= m;alr .kakg o

Pkaoh —mdúÉÑ˜ lr ;sìKs' m%Ndlrka tjeks fhdackdjla ;ukg udrl

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


131

nj oek.;af;ah' tñ,a ldka;ka pkaøsldf.a WmfoaYlhska iu.

idlÉPd wdrïN lf<ah' mjd§u we/ôKs' wm%sfh,a 10 od yÈis m%ydrhlska

fjre.,a yd jdlf¾ w,a,d.;a fldá" lreKdf.a fidhqrd jQ frÔ urd

oud je,slkao mdr mek lrÈhkdre m%foaYhg we;=¿ jQy' ta w;r"

nd,isxyï yd úfoaY.; fldá idlÉPd wrUd ;sìKs' wú w;yer msßi

úiqrejd lreKd iy ys;j;=ka fld<Ug m<d tk ,È' fld<U§ o Tjqka

w;rux lrkd ,È' wdrlaIl yuqodj," nqoaê wxYj, yd isxy, iudcfha

foaYfm%aóka w;f<diaila fkdjkakg fld<U § yd kef.kysr § Tjqka

w;=.Eù hkakg bv ;sìKs'

m%Ndlrka tlla oek.;af;ah' tkï" Y%S','ks'm - c'ú'fm ikaOdkh ;uka

iu. hqo lsÍug ìh njh' Tjqkg lsisu hqo foaYmd,ksl ie,eiaula ke;s

njh' lreKd mrdch lsÍfuka miq m%Ndlrka pkaøsldg o fldld

fmkaùh' ta l:dkdhl ;r.fha § hQtkamS wfmalaIlhdg Pkaoh §fuks'

Èk foll iuq¿jla i|yd úfoaY.;ùfuka miq ud ,xldjg meñKsfha

wm%sfh,a 18 od WoEikh' Wofhkau f.dia m<uqjrg md¾,sfïka;=jg

jäkd ysñjrekaf.a .ukg wdYS¾jdo lf<uq' ysñjre .sys l:dkdhl

t;a§ wiqkaj,ska ke.sàu" wiqkaj,g we;sß,s oeóu" odkh ,nd.ekSu wd§

úkhdkQl+, lghq;= i|yd wms úfYaI jevigykla fhdod .;suq' f.or

f.dia ksod.;af;a ikaOdkfha wfhla l:dkdhl jkq we;s nj;a" wmg

B<`. igk we;sjkafka úOdhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lsÍu isÿjkúg§

nj;a isyslr,ñks' kuq;a Wfoa jrefõ yÈisfha ksjig lvd jeÿKq Woh

ud iu. lSfõ" l:dkdhl Pkao m%udKh iu ù we;s nj;a" l;¿fõ ysñ

yd wm/lafla ysñf.a Pkaoh wdKavqj i|yd mdúÉÑ lr we;s nj;ah'

l;¿fõ ysñ yd wm/lafla ysñ wdKavqj úiska" r|jdf.k isá ia:dk

fol ms<sn|j wm oek isáh;a .egqï u.yrjd f.k isáh hq;= nj

jgydf.k lsisjla fkdlr isáfhuq' kuq;a fï isÿjQ isÿùu wm fldam

lrjkakla úh' Woh;a ud;a md¾,sfïka;=jg f.dia w.ue;s uyskaof.a

ld¾hd,hg .sfhuq' neis,a rdcmlaI uy;d;a ,,s;a ùr;=x. uy;d;a" tys

úh' wfma iajdñka jykafia,d iu`. idlÉPdfjka miq kej; fujeks

n,y;aldrlï fkdlrkakg Pkao fol ksfIaO lsÍug ;SrKh lf<uq'

ú'c'uQ ch.;af;ah' w.ue;s ù ;j;a jir yhla n,fha isàug W;aidy

l< pkaøsldf.a ie,iqu jH¾: úh' wms fldáka iu. md¾,sfïka;=fõ §

tlajQjd hehs lshñka c'ú'fm yd ux., oejeka; m%pdrl hqoaOhla wdrïN

132

lf<ah' wms thg uqyqK ÿkafkuq' fuh wdKavqfõ fudav Wml%uhla úh'

myr § ìhl< yels msßila fkdfõ wms' l:dkdhl ;r.fhka ux.,-

pkaøsld yd cúfm fojeks Wmdhsl mrdch ,nd.;ay'

B<`. .egqu we;sjQfha l;¿fõ ysñ iïnkaOfhks' Wkajykafia

fldf<dkakdfõ ysñhkaf.a w;scd; ñ;%fhl= úh' l;¿fõ ysñ b,a,d

wiaùug leu;s nj fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha fiajh l< odhl iNdfõ

wfhla wmg oekaùh' wms ta wkqj l;¿fõ ysñ iu. idlÉPdjla we;slr

.;af;uq' ;shqKq ld, ie,iqulska miq isl=rdod Èkhl md¾,sfïka;=fõ §

b,a,d wiafjkakg;a tÈku kj uka;%sjrhd ue;sjrK flduidßia ,jd

.eiÜ lrjd .kakg;a" B<`. i;sfha w`.yrejdod kj uka;%S f,i

ohdr;k ysñ Èjqreï foùug;a" wmg yels úh' ukdm fmdrhg fkdhEfï

m%;sM,hla f,i fuh uq,skau u;= jQfha cúfmgh' ta 1994 §h' ta

wjia:dfõ§ wdKavqj th fld,a,lkakg .shúg c'ú'fm iydhg wms;a

bÈßm;a ùuq' yïnkaf;dg ch.%yKh l< wh wiaù .,mam;a;s m;ajqfKa

tf,ih' oeka wfma Pkaoh fld,a,lEu i|yd cúfm yd ux.," Y%Sm;s"

fchrdÊ jeks lSm fofkla újD;j l%shdlrñka isáfhdah' wdKavqfõ

ish¨ wdrlaIl úêúOdk T;a;=fiajd fkdu. hjñka wms ohdr;k

ysñhka Èjqreï fok ;ekg f.k wdfjuq' thg fmrÈk Widúfhka ta

i|yd w;=re ;ykula .kakg úfÊodi rdcmlaI uy;d iu;ajqj o

Widúfha idudkH l%uhg wkqj ksfõokh w;g m;aùug fmr Èjqreï

§ug ohdr;k ysñ iu;aúh' yenehs ta Y%S','ks'm - c'ú'fm iudðlhka

md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< wfma ysñjrekag mSvd lr;a§h' yeu;eku fuka

t;ek;a u¾úka is,ajd lemS fmkqfKah'

wms l¿;r isg oejeka; úfrdaO;d fmryrla meje;ajQ w;r" th ;ukaf.a

foaYmd,k wjYH;djhg fhdod.kakg hQ'tka'mSh .;a W;aidyh ksid th

o fl<jr jqfKa ll=,a wudrej,g wu;rj ysf;a wudrej,sks' .egqïj,g

ueÈlr wfma m%Yak mq¿,a lr wm Èhlr yeÍfï wdKavqfõ Wml%uh

m<orkd nj ug m<uqjrg ye`.S .sfhah' ta ksid wm/lafla ysñ Tfya

isáh§ mlaI hka;%h ms<silr lr.ekSug wms fhduq jqfkuq' fndfyda

wmyiqfjka mlaI iuq¿jla mj;ajd kj ks,OdÍ uKav,hla m;alr

.;suq' ta Èkh o fndfyda l,n,ldÍ Èkhla úh' ukao l;¿fõ ysñ

iïnkaO isoaêhlg wmg Widú hEug isÿj ;snQ ksidh' fï w;r" Y%Sm;sf.a

wdrlaIlfhl= jQ wdñ frdIdka keue;a;d >d;kh l<d hehs fpdaokdjla

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


133

ux., iurùr wm fj; t,a, lf<ah' urd oeuqKq mqoa.,hdf.a {d;sfhl=

ud yuqù Y%Sm;sg fpdaokd lr Y%Sm;sf.a md;d, in|;d .ek fndfyda

jákd f;dr;=re /ila ,ndÿkafkah' >d;kh ;ukag mdrdj<,a,la jk

nj oel Y%Sm;s wdmiq yerefKah'

mlaI iuq¿fõ§ ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;df.a b,a,d wiaùu wmg isÿ jQ

uy;a mdvqjla úh' mlaIfha f,alï ue;sjrK flduidßia okakd tlu

mdlaIslhd ksid ;s,la ta moúfha ;nkakg we;eï ysñjreka leu;s jQfha

ke;' th fndre ìhls' ;s,la ta moúhg iqÿiq nj ;j;a ysñjre msßilf.a

yd wfma woyi úh' mSvkh ueo Tyq bj;aúh' B<`.g Tyq hQtkamShg .sfha

wm uú; lrjñks' rks,a yd lre" ;s,laf.a l,lsÍu m%fhdackhg

.;af;dah' kuq;a talSh Ndjh msgqoel hQtkamSfha f*vr,a l%uh j¾Kkd

lrkd ;ekg B<`. ckdêm;sjrKfha § ;s,la lreKdr;ak uy;d m;ajQ

úg t;=ud .ek ;snQ f.!rjh fndfyda fnd|ù .sfhah'

mlaI ixúOdkh i|yd ish,a,ka fhduq lrjkakg wms fjfyi .;af;a

wdKavqfjka yd hQtkamSfhka t,a,jqKq mSvkh b;d nrm;, jQ ksidh' ta

;;a;ajh ;=< fldf<dkakdfõ iqux., ysñhka o b,a,d wiajQy'

Wkajykafiaf.a Ydiksl lghq;=j,g o foaYmd,kh uy;a krl

wdldrhg n,md ;sìKs' B,.g Oïudf,dal ysñfhda o iajdëk jQy' fï

u.ska wmg we;s jQ miqnEu b;d úYd, úh' udOHj, we;s jQ krl m%;spdr

fndfyda n,j;a úh' fï ish,a, hgm;a lr.;a wms 2000 isy< Wreufha

mdvï o is;g f.k fndfyda iSrefjka bjid isáfhuq' ish¨ in|;d

tlg tlla ne£ we;s ksid ld,h we;eï m%Yak úi|k nj fn!oaOhska

f,i oek isàu m%fhdackj;a úh'

2004 foieïn¾ fmdfydh Èk WoEik f.or mqj;am;a n,kdúg ìï

fooÍula ug oeksKs' wfma f,dl= ÿjg o th oekS ;sìKs' úkdä .Kklg

miq .d,af,ka ug ÿrl;k weu;=ula ,eìKs' .d,a, k.rh uqyqog hgù

hk nj wfma ys;j;d lSfõh' ug th kqyqre fohla úh' B<`.g

;x.,af,ka" yslalvqfjka" fírej,ska iEu ;ekskau weu;=ï wdfõh' uu

fï .ek r;k ysñhkag mjid B<`.g w.ue;s uyskaog oekajQfhñ' Tjqka

ug jvd ;;a;ajh .ek oekqj;a ù isáfhdah' iqkdñh kï jHikhla

meñK ;sìKs' wfma ksji wi, we< ̂ je,a,j;a;& W;=rd hkakg iQodkï

jQ w;r" fydaud.u ksjig hEu i|yd orejka iQodkï lr.;af;ñ' meh

134

lSmhlska isÿjQ jHikh ms<sn| ksjerÈ f;dr;=re ,eîfuka miq wdydr yd

T!IO /f.k fírej,g yd yslalvqjg msg;aj .sfhñ'

iqkdñ jHikh kej; wm ish,a,ka tla lf<ah' Y%S ,xldfõ iudc

ixhq;sfha NslaIqjf.a Ydik ld¾h Ndrh fukau iudc ld¾h Ndrh o

kej; iy;sl úh' NslaIqj iy fn!oaO odhlhskaf.a mß;Hd.

fkdjkakg iqkdñ jHikfhka isÿúh yelsj ;snQ fÄojdplh ;j;a"

oreKq jkakg bv ;sìKs' tlai;a ckmofha leÜßkd l=Kdgqfõ§ fuka

id.skafkka ñhhEï" wdydr uxfld,a,lEï" >d;k wd§ lsisjla isÿjQfha

ke;' rcfha hdka;%Khg l,ska fn!oaO hdka;%Kh l%shd;aul úh'

mhd., msßfjfka jQfha ls;=kqjkah' wïmdr msßfjfka jQfha oñ<hkah'

uqiq,audkqjkag mdku mkaif,a /ljrKh ,eìKs' fn!oaO

lD;fõ§;ajh tys§ f,djgu meyeÈ,s úh'

iqkdñfha § cd;sl fy< Wreuhg uyd msgqn,hla jQfha ́ u,afma fidaNs;

ysñhkah' Wkajykafiaf.a kef.kysr wdishdkq in|;dj,ska m<uq iaÓr

ksjdi bÈlsÍu uila we;=<; lrkakg ^mdkÿf¾§& wmg yelsúh' ta

ish,af,a wëlaIK lghq;= m<uq udi y;r ;=< lf<a udh' f.dvke.s,s

bÈlsÍu .ek uf.a we`. we;=f<a jQ jdia;= úoHd{hd wjÈ úh' fidaNs;

ysñhka ksjdi 650la muK rg jgdu bÈ lf<ah' uq¿ mlaI hdka;%Khu

kka whqßka odhl fjñka tlg tlaúh'

lÈ¾.du¾ uy;d >d;kh jQfha o ^2004& ta w;rh' fuh m%Ndlrkaf.a

w.aks mÍlaIdjla úh' c'ú'fm - Y%S','ks'm tlai;a ikaOdkh olajk

m%;spdrh n,d.ekSug wu;rj cd;Hka;r jYfhka fldákag we;s

ms<s.ekSu ÿrelsÍug yels Yla;su;a pß; bj;a lsÍu >d;kfha wruqK

úh' wdKavqj ;j;a ksjg úh' lsisf,i isxy,hska ;ukg /yeksj ke`.S

fkdisák njg m%Ndlrka ks.ukhlg wdfõh' oeka Tyqg b;=rej

;snqfKa cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSu iy;sl lr.ekSu muKs'

fï w;r" wdKavqj ;=< cúfm b;d wmyiqjg m;aj isáfhah' oejeka;

m%pdrl /,a,la u.ska jidf.k ;snqK o wud;HdxY md,kfha § Tjqka

wid¾:l úh' thg fya;+ jQfha pkaøsldf.a ks,OdÍka tla w;lska o

mlaIfha ks,OdÍka wfkla w;skao cúfm weue;sjrekg iSud mekùu;a"

;ukau ;kd.;a fldgqj, isg l%shdlsÍug isÿùu;ah' c'ú'fm jeäu

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


135

jqfKd;a wjqreÿ folla wdKavqfõ isáùh hkak uq,isgu uf.a ia:djrh

úh' th tfiau jk njg f;dr;=re cúfm ;=<skau .,d wdfõh'

iqkdñh i|yd uykqjr§ meje;ajQ cd;Hka;r wdOdr lKavdhfï

/iaùfï § r;k ysñhka ckdêm;sksh yd wdKavqfõ l%shdl,dmh

úfõpkh lsÍu;a thg iudcfhka ,enqKq wk.s m%;spdrh;a wfma

úYajdih ÈhqKq lf<ah' c'ú'fm isáfha ii, fjñks' B<`.g pkaøsld lsis

mels,Sulska f;drj iqkdñ iyk uKav,h f.k wdjdh' tys wruqK

jQfha kef.kysr fjr< ;Srh fldá ixúOdkhg kS;HdkQl+,j ,nd§u;a

Tjqkg >Dcq úfoaY wdOdr kS;HdkQl+,j ,eîug ie,eiaùu;ah' 1776 §

,kafoais ma,ela yd isxyf,a rcq rdcisxy w;r fujeksu tl`.;djhla

fjr< ;Srh i|yd we;súh' ta fjr< ;Srh kej; wmg wdmiq ,enqfKa

ke;' 1654 § fâkajre iu. fkda¾úðhdkqjka o ,xldjg meñKs w;r"

Tjqkf.a b,lalh jQfha o fjr< ;Srhhs' oeka fï W;=re hqfrdamSh

fnda,aála cd;Ska fldá ixúOdkh ,jd wmf.a kef.kysr fjr<

w;am;alr.kakg hk nj;a" fuhg bvÿkfyd;a ioygu th Tjqka

ika;l jk nj;a" wmg meyeÈ,s úh' fï jkúg fkd¾fõðhdkq TGS

fkdfmla iud.fï f;,a .fõIK o;a; ûkakdrï fødaKsh& ,eî ;snQ

w;r" tys reishdkq Wm fldka;%d;a iud.fï fiajh l< ,dxlSh

bxðfkarefjla ud yg mqoa.,slj oekqï ÿkafka f;,a yd úfYaIfhka

iajdNdúl .Eia iïm;;a f;daßhï ksIaldikh i|yd;a wjYH o;a;

ryfia ielfik njh' fojeks f,dal ̂hqfrdamd& hqoaOfha § fldkaf.dajg

isÿjQjd fia wfma ÿ¾,N iïm;a i|yd uyd mßudK wr.,hla

werfUkakg hkjdfodahs ielhla o we;súh' ;Srl m%ydrhla pkaøsldg

t,a,lrkakg wms ;SrKh lf<uq'

pkaøsldf.a tla .=Kdx.hla tkï yoj;skau fou< cd;sjd§kaf.a ;¾l

úYajdi lsÍu;a" ta wkqj l%shdlsÍu;a ksid weh hQtkamS kdhlhskag;a jvd

ÿIaG pß;hla f,i y÷kd.;suq' fÊ'wd¾' fyda fm%auodi fldá iu.

idlÉPd wdÈhg .sh o Tjqka fou< cd;sjd§ u;h ysig f.k ;snqfKa

ke;' tfukau fï rfÜ nyq;r isxy, u;hg lka§fï wjYH;djh o

oek isáhy'

udrdka;sl Wmjdihla u.ska cd;shu wjÈ l<hq;= nj ;SrKh lf<uq'

t,a,dj, ysñhka frday,a .;ù isá ksid ú,afma ysñ" fldgfmd< ysñ"

136

r;k ysñ iy wmf.a fiiq ysñjre WoEiku o<od ud,s.hg f.dia Y%S

o<odj je|mqod.;ay' ú,afma ysñ ishrg meñKsfha tÈk mdkaor

cdufhah' ud<s.h olajd hk .ufka§ Y%S ,xlsl wd¾hfoaj NslaIqjf.a

;¾l ú,dih .ek;a kd.¾cqkf.a Y=kHjdofha mokï .ek;a idlÉPd

lrñka .sfhuq' oka;Od;+ka jykafia je|mqod .ekSfuka miq md;% Od;+j

;ekam;a lr we;s ia:dkhg meñK ldgj;a wjysr fkdjk f,i tys

trñkshd f.d;d f.k ;ekam;a jQ ú,afma ysñfhda ish Ôú;h o<od

ysñg lemlr Wmjdih wdrïN lf<a wm ieuf.a fk;aj, l÷¿

kxjñks'

o<od ud,s.hg fuh wjudkhla hehs lshñka we;euqka fï Wmjdihg

wjuka lsÍug ;e;a l< o Èhjvk ks,fï iu. idlÉPd lr o<od

ukaÈrh bÈßmsgg iajdóka jykafia jevu lrk ,È' rgu wjÈ lsÍu

wfma mrud¾:h jQ w;r" oyia .Kka l%shdldÍka rgmqrd mkai,a yd fiajd

ia:dk lrd msg;a lrùuq' ;=kajk Èkh jkúg c'ú'fm wdKavqfjka

t<shg wd w;r" fjku Wmjdihla wdrïN lf<ah' lmá pkaøsld iqkdñ

iyk uKav, (PTOM) fhdackdj md¾,sfïka;=jg f.kdfõ w.ue;s

uyskao yrydh' ta t;=ud fj;g cd;sl n,fõ.j, ffjrh ;,a¨ lr

yßkagh' Wmjdifha ;=kajeks Èk ;u me/Ks ñ;%hd jQ fidaNs; ysñhka

ne,Sug w.ue;s uyskao Wmjdi N+ñhg meñKsfhah' ú,afma ysñhka

iu. idóÑfha fh§ wdmiq .sfhah' uydkdhl ysñjreka isõku tlg

tl;= ù taldnoaO ksfõokhla ksl=;a l< w;r" pkaøsld ish

ksfhdað;hka f,i frdays; fndaf.d,a,d.u yd úfÊodi rdcmlaI kqjrg

tõjdh'

uyd ix>hdf.a wkque;sfhka f;drj iqkdñ iyk uKav,h l%shd;aul

fkdlrk nj pkaøsldf.a ,sÅ; fmdfrdkaÿj úh' fï jkúg rgu uyd

Woafõ.hlg m;aù ;snQ w;r" fldgqj" msgfldgqj ckdêm;s ukaÈrhgu

Woaf>daIKfha WKqiqu /f.k .sfhuq' fldgfmd< ysñhka o úydr uyd

foaù WoHdkfha Wmjdihla we/öug iQodku m<lf<ah'

uydkdhl ysñjre i;r ku fjkqfjka u,aj;= uydkdhl ysñhka

ckdêm;skshf.a fmdfrdkaÿfõ j.lSu Ndr.;a w;r" wms Wmjdih

w;ayf<uq' wm miqmi È.ska È.gu cd;sljdoh fldms lrñka

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


137

meñKs cúfmys Wmjdih wka;sug wjika jQfha fmd,Sisfha meñKs,a,la

lr ysñjreka fmd,Sish ,jd Wmjdi ìfuka bj;alr,Sfuks' —pïmslf.a

oyx.eghg— cúfm h<s wiqù we;ehs udOH jd¾;d lf<ah'

pkaøsld uykdysñjrekag ÿka fmdfrdkaÿj lv l<dh' wms

fY%aIaGdêlrKfha msysg me;+fhuq' w.úksiqre m%uqL úksiqre uvq,a,

iqkdñ iyk uKav,fha uQ,H moku bj;a l<y' th t;eKskau

b;sydihg tlaúh' miq lf,l ^2009 ud¾;=& wfma wdrlaIl yuqod pQkaäl=,fï isg uq,;sõ

olajd fjr< ;Srh w,a,d .;aúg tod isÿùug .sh foh meyeÈ,s úh'

iíueÍk" fgda¾msfvda" uqyqÿ hg Wux moaO;sj,ska iukaú; kùk uqyqÿ

fldá l|jqre ixlS¾Khla iqkdñhg uqjd ù úfoaYSh úfYaI{fhda

bÈlrñka isá nj jd¾;d úh' b;ska iqkdñ iyk uKav,h wdjdkï uq¿

kef.kysru isÿjkafka ta l%shdoduhh'

W;=r yd kef.kysr fjkalsÍug w.úksiqre ÿka ;Skaÿj o ft;sydisl

tlla úh' W;=r yd kef.kysr tlalf<a yÈis kS;sh hgf;a ksid;a th

yÈis kS;sh wjika jkúg wjika úh hq;=h f,i ;¾lhla úh' kuq;a

úuis,af,ka tlS taldnoaO;djh úuiSfï § fmkS .sfha wú ish,a,

;%ia;jd§ka Ndr§fuka miq tlS taldnoaO;djh j,x.= jk njh' kuq;a

miqj wú Ndr§u ms<sn| fldkafoaish wú Ndr§u i|yd fufyhqï

isÿlrkd njg ckdêm;s iEySulg m;aù we;súg f,i ishqïj fjkialr

;snqKs' W;=r yd kef.kysr tlalr jir .Kkdjla .;ù we;s ksid

uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiulska th fjkal< fkdyels nj;a" uQ,sl

whs;Ska ms<sn| fm;aiula isoaêh isÿù uila we;=<; bÈßm;a úh hq;=hehs

kshuhla ;sfnkd nj;a" wfma kS;s{u;h úh' wms fï ksid fldgfmd<

wurls;a;s ysñ kñka W;=r yd kef.kysr fjkalsÍu i|yd mk;a

flgqïm;la f.k wdfjuq' thg fya;+ jQfha m<d;a iNd mk; hgf;a

´kEu fudfyd;l ´kEu m<d;a follg iaj leue;af;ka tlaùug

yelshehs lshd kS;suh m%;smdokhla ;sîuh' iqkdñ uKav, kvqfõ§ o

uQ,sl whs;Ska ms<sn| rduqj mq¿,a flßKs' wms iqkdñ iyk uKav,hg

tfrys uQ,sl whs;Ska kvqj mejrefõ iqkdñhg f.dÿre jQ kef.kysr

mqoa.,hska ;sfofkl= u.sks' cúfm foaYmd,k jdish ;ld th ish

138

uka;%Sjrekaf.a fm;aiula lf<ah' tys§ uQ,sl úfrdaOhla f.dvke`.=fKa

thg >Dcq f,i n,mEug yiqfkdjQjka uQ,sl whs;Ska ms<sn| kvqjla

f.dkq lrkafka flfia o f,ih' tjlg isá w.úksiqre;=ud tlS ;¾lh

o m%;slafIam lf<ah' fï fyhska t;=ud uQ,sl whs;Ska ms<sn| ixl,am

mq¿,a lf<ah' th we;euqkaf.a oeä úfõpkhg ,laúh' úfYaIfhkau

t;=ud W;=re yd kef.kysr ;djld,sl tlaùu fjkalf<a Bkshd idu iu

iNdm;sjre fukau bkaÈhdj yd wdKavqfõ we;eï msßiaj, o úfrdaOh

u;h' Tyq .;a ta mshjr folu ft;sydisl úh'

ckdêm;sjrKh 2005g fkd;nd jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla u.ska th

wfydaislr w.ue;s Oqrhg m;aùu i|yd pkaøsld jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla

úfÊodi rdcmlaI yryd f.k wdjdh' ta w;r" hQtkamSh 1999 fuka

ckn, fufyhqula wdrïN lf<ah' tys msgg fmkajQ wruqK jQfha 2005g

ckdêm;sjrKh Èkd.ekSuhs' tfy;a háka jQ wruqK jQfha pkaøsld

m%fldamlr >d;k isÿùï we;slr md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd .ekSuhs'

m<uqj w.ue;s ù miqj ckm;s ùu ljo;a >Dcq igkg wlue;s rks,af.

Wml%ñl f;aÍu úh'

ckdêm;sjrKh 2005g ,nd.; hq;=hehs wms ;SrKh lf<uq' iqkdñ

uKav, igkska cd;sl n,fõ. ch.%dySj r;aù we;s ksid ta riakh u.ska

cd;sl kHdh m;%hla hg;g ckdêm;sjrKh .ekSu wfma Wmdh ud¾.h

úh' wms kvqu.g .sfhuq' thg fmrd;=j md¾,sfïka;=fõ mqia;ld,hg

f.dia 1982 § isõ jirlg miq ckdêm;sjrKhla le|ùug ckdêm;sg

n,h ÿka jHjia:d ixfYdaOk újdoh lshjd msgm;a lr .;sñ' kS;sfõ§

ufkdaydr o is,ajd" Woh .ïukams, yd ud w;r" idlÉPd jg lSmhla

we;súh' 1982 jHjia:dj ixfYdaOkh lr ;snqfKa ;u isõfjks jir

wjika ùfuka miq ^1982 fmnrjdÍ 04& ckdêm;sjrKhla le|ùug

chj¾Okg yelsjk f,ih' kuq;a" 1999 § pkaøsld th mdúÉÑ lr

;snqfKa ish miajk jirg miqh' wms fï úixjdoh kvq ksñ;a; lr.;suq'

tfukau wehf.a Oqr ld,h ^fuh jHjia:dfõ je/È f,i i|yka ù

we;af;a ÿr ld,h f,ih& wehf.a l,ska Èjqreï Èkfha isg we/fUkafka

o" kj Èjqrefï isg we/fUkafka o" fojk jr Èjqreula wjYHh o

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


139

hk ;¾l f.dvke.sks' weh ñh hkq we;ehs ìfhka ;j;a

ckdêm;sjrKhla j<lajd .ekSu i|yd kshñ; Èkhg fmr weh Èjqreï

§ ;sìKs'

wfma kvqj fY%aIaGdêlrKh úNd.hg .;af;ah' tjlg w.ue;s uyskao

rdcmlaIf.a ióm;u wdOdrlrejkaf.a woyi jQfha t;=ud w.ue;s ù

jirla muKla ksid ;j jevlr Pkaohg hd hq;= njh' ;j;a jirla

.shfyd;a ck;djg wdKavqj iyuq,ska tmd ù ljqreka bÈßm;a jqj;a

ch.; fkdyels jkq we;s nj wfma ;¾lh úh' thg tl`.jQfha neis,a

rdcmlaI uy;d muKs' pkaøsld fuhg ;rfha tfrys jQjdh' fuh

;ukaf.a jHjia:d ixfYdaOk Wmdh ud¾.h wjq,a lrkakla f,i weh

ÿgqjdh' wmg úreoaOj Y%S,ksm f,alï ffu;%Smd, isßfiak Widú .sh

w;r" wkqr nKavdrkdhl o Widúhg meñKsfhah' rks,a fï u.ska ish

m<uqj w.ue;s fojkqj ckm;s Wmdh je/§ hk ksid wfmka wdhdpkh

lf<a kvqj bj;a lr.kakd f,ih' kvqj od ckdêm;sjrKh 2005g

meñKs úg hQtkamS wdOdrlrejka oejeka; r;s[a[d ixo¾Ykhla

meje;ajQ kuq;a rks,af.a uqyqfKa t<shla fkdùh' th w.úksiqre ÿka

;j;a ft;sydisl ;Skaÿjla úh' pkaøsldf.a brKu ;SrKh jQ w;r"

rks,af.a brKu ;Skaÿ lsÍu ckdêm;sjrKhg Ndr flßKs'

ckdêm;sjrKh Èkd.ekSu;a iu. fudfyd;la mud fkdjQ wms

ckdêm;sjrKhg iydh §u i|yd mxp O¾u m%;sm;a;shla ^2005

iema;eïn¾& kqf.af.dv mxp moau mQcdjl§ boßm;a lf<uq' ;%ia;jdoh

uev,Su" rfÜ talSh Ndjh iqrlaIs; lsÍu" cd;sl wd¾Ólh wdÈh tys

f;audj úh' wms wfma fhdackd iu. uq,skau rks,a yuqjqfkuq' rks,a

iqmqreÿ f,i lSfõ ;uka ngysr rgj,g f*vr,a l%uhla f.ktaug

fmdfrdkaÿ ù w;s ksid;a" Y%S ,xld rchg igka úrdufhka bj;a úh

fkdyels ksid;a" ;ukg th l< fkdyels njh' rks,af.a wjxl m%ldYh

.ek wms tl w;lska i;=gq jQ w;r" rfÜ cd;sl Ydiksl n,fõ. ms<sn|

Tyqg ;lafiarejla fkdùu .ek lk.dgq ùuq' Tyq lshd isáfha fldaÜfÜ

m%N+ NslaIQka lSm fofkl= u.ska fn!oaOhska wkaojd .;yels njh'

B<`.g wms w.ue;s uyskao yuqjqfkuq' t;=ud wfma ;;a;ajh f;areï

.;af;ah' kuq;a Y%S,ksmfha n,h pkaøsld i;=jQ ksid talShNdjh ms<sn|j

ia:djrhla .ekSu .ek Wmdh ud¾.hla fhdackd lrkd f,i b,a,d

140

isáfhah' rks,a iu. fldfydu;a iq¿ cd;sl mlaI hk ksid cd;sl fy<

Wreuh yd cúfmg WÑ; m%;sm;a;sh .ekSug Y%S,ksmhg isÿjk nj;a"

túg bfíu ch.%yKh iaÒr jk nj;a" fmkakd §fuka miq tl`.;djh

m<úh'

w.ue;s uyskao uq,skau w;aika lf<a lreKq fod<ylska hq;= fy< Wreuh

- t,a,dj, fïOdkkao kdysñhka iu. tl`.;djhh' wms th ryila

f,i ;nd.;af;a th cúfm iu. tl`.;djhg ndOdjla fõhehs is;dh'

isßudfjda iu. 1988 § wid¾:l jQ idlÉPd ms<sn| fyd,auka uf.a isf;a

ksr;=re r`. oelaúKs' tfukau cúfm wNHka;r wdrxÑ ud¾. lSfõ

;ksfhka Pkaoh b,a,sh hq;= njg lKavdhula ;rfha m%ldY lrkd njh'

fy< Wreufha o kdhl uÜgfï m%n, msßila fudku fya;+jla ksid fyda

Y%S,ksmhg" uyskao rdcmlaIg tlafkdúh hq;= nj m%ldY lf<dah' wms

úydr uyd foaù WoHdkhg idudðlhka le|jd ish u;h i|yd Pkaohla

.;af;uq' jrla úYaj úoHd,fha§ o j¾ckh È.a.eiaiSu i|yd Pkaohla .;a

w;r" §¾> l;djlska miq uki fjkia lsÍfï yelshdj ms<sn| ug f,dl=

wd;au úYajdihla tod isg we;súh' wms mdlaIsl nyq;r leue;a; o

Èkd.;af;uq' uq,§ cúfm talShNdjh wjOdrKh fkdlf<ah' Tjqka 2004

ikaOdkfha§ o th wjOdrKh lf<a ke;' kuq;a wfma .súiqfï th

;sfnkq nj oel th we;=¿ lr.;ay' ta .ek uq¿ ,l=Kq Tjqka oud.ekSu

.ek wfma úfrdaOhla ;snqfKa ke;' ukao úcd;sl i,a,sj,ska f.k hk

rks,af.a ckdêm;sjrKh Èkkakg cúfm ldvrh w;HjYH nj wm oek

isá ksid;a" ta Y%S,ksmh Pkaoh u.yßkd nj wmg fyd¢kau meyeÈ,s ù

;snQ ksid;ah' uq,§ Y%S,ksm kdhlhskaf.ka >Dcqj bÈßhg wdfõ ux.,"

fchrdÊ" Y%Sm;s muKs' rEmjdyskS jdo újdoj,g hkakg isáfha Y%Sm;s

muKs' miqj tld fokakd m%jdyhg tlaúh' ìï uÜgfï ckhd kï

mels,Sulska f;drj tlaúh'

ckdêm;sjrKh fufyhùu i|yd cd;sl uÜgfï lñgqjla msysgqúKs'

ux., iurùr uy;d tys ks, fufyhqïlre jQ w;r" neis,a rdmlaI tys

fkdks, fufyhqïlre úh' v,ia w,ymafmreu tys idudðlfhl= jQ

w;r" pkaøsld .ek wúYajdifhka hq;=j úfoaY .;ù isá Tyq wdmiq

meñKsfha uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d iaÓrj Pkaoh i|yd fhdackd ùfuka

miqjh' úu,a ùrjxY yd wkqr Èidkdhl uy;ajreka udrefjka udrejg

th ksfhdackh lf<ah' ckdêm;sjrKhla fufyhjk cd;sl lñgqjl

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


141

ud isáfha m<uqjrgh' kuq;a uy ue;sjrK ;=kla cd;sl uÜgfuka

fufyhùu úiska" ug ,eî ;snqKq w;aoelSï fndfyda m%fhdackj;a úh'

úúO idOl Èkd.ekSu" ue;sjrKfha ;Srl fudfyd;j,a ;SrKh lsÍu

Wmdh ud¾. yd Wml%u ks¾udKh" cd;sl m%pdrl jHdmdrhla ie,iqï

lsÍu úfYaIfhka udOH m%pdrKh ms<sn| kj Wmdux ieliSu isÿúh'

wmg uy;a m%fhdackhla jQfha jßka jr ,enqKq iólaIK jd¾;djka yd

wr,sh.y ukaÈrhg j.lshkd ks,OdÍkaf.ka ,enqKq f;dr;=reh' ta

wkqj Wmdhsl l%shd ie,iqïlrkd ,§'

fy< Wreufhka cd;sl m%pdrl /,sj,g odhl jQfha ud muKh' uf.a

odhl;ajh o niakdysr m<d;g iSud úh' kuq;a wms cd;sl fy< Wreuh

f,i uyskao rdcmlaI fjkqfjka fjku fndÿ yuq meje;aùuq' meje;ajQ

oejeka; NslaIq yuqjl§ talSh rdcHh Èkùu msKsi fhdackdjla o iïu;

lr.;suq' miqj we;eï kdhl ysñjre ;uka tys fkdisá nj lshkakg

jqj o tu.ska id;sYh nyq;rhla NslaIq mrmqf¾ wkque;sh ckm;s uyskaog

,eìKs' cd;sl fy< Wreuhg 2004 § ,enqKq Pkaofhka 65]la uyskao

rdcmlaIg ,nd.ekSu wfma b,lalh úh' ,laI 48 iSudj mek.;fyd;a

ch.%dylhd uyskao rdcmlaI nj wfma ia:djrh úh' wms ta b,lalhg

jevlrkakg ùuq'

fuys§ we;eï m%N+ NslaIQka jykafia,d rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d iu. isxy,

úfrdaë" fn!oaO úfrdaë msßia fmdÈ.eiS isákd nj oek oeku Tyqg iydh

fokakg úh' ta fndfyda fokd fld<U jev jdih l< i¾j wd.ñl iuq¿

wdÈh mj;ajñka úcd;sl kHdhm;%j,g jevl< thska hemqKq wh jQy'

we;eï NslaIQka jykafia,df.a mqoa.,sl Ôú;h fmkajd Wkajykafia,d

ìhjoaod ;sìKs' oeka wr,sh.y ukaÈrfha ks;r ks;r nKg jäk m%lg

ysñkula foysj, úydria:dkhl meje;s fn!oaO W;aijhl§ m%isoaêfha

uf.ka m%Yak lf<a uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s jkafka ùrleáh m%dfoaYSh

iNdjg o lshdh' Wkajykafiaf.a Wmydifha ;snqfKa uyskao rdcmlaI

uy;d úfoaY.; wOHdmkh fkd,enQ wfhla ksid Tyqg úfoaY rgj,a

l<ukdlrKh l< yels o hkakh' ckdêm;s njg m;aùfuka miq

uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud ish m<uq foaYkh úfoaY ;dkdm;Ska wrNhd

lf<a isxy,fhks' t;=ud jrla isxy, NdIdfjka tlai;a cd;Ska ^2007&

weue;+ w;r" tys ;snQ we;eï wvqmdvq wka;su fudfydf;a ilia lf<a

udh' B<`. wjia:dfõ t;=ud fou< NdIdfjka o tlai;a cd;Ska

142

weue;=fhah' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl uKav,fha§ udkj ysñlï

iNdj,§ wmg tfrysj n,.;= rgj,a fmkS isáh§ tajdfha nyq;r n,h

ch.kakg wms iu;aùuq' .fï ñksiqka .ek k.rfha we;uqka fudk;rï

yE,a¨jg is;kjdo lshd ug ta ckdêm;sjrKfha § ;Èka oeksKs' thska

udf.a wêIaGdkh ;j;a oeä jQfhah'

uyskao rdcmlaI uy;dg iydh fok mlaI 26la úh' ta w;r" t;=ud cd;sl

fy< Wreuh iu. yd cúfm iu. fjk fjku cd;sl tl`.;d

we;slrf.k ;sìKs' Y%S,ksmfha ;ju;a kdhsldj jQfha pkaøsldh' fï

ksid talSh rdcHh jeks ixl,amhlg wehf.a wkque;sh .ekSu ckdêm;s

wfmalaIl;ajh ,nd.ekSug;a jvd ÿIalr ld¾hhla úh' 2004 uyd

ue;sjrKfha § cúfmg mjd Y%S,ksmh talShNdjhg .; fkdyels úh' fï

ish¨fokd tlalr tl cd;sl m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkhla ;ekSu w;sYh ÿIalr

ld¾hhla úh' Y%S,ksmfha m%;sm;a;sh f,i talSh o - tlai;a o lshd

lsisjla i|yka fkdjk ,shú,a,la o jrla v,ia ud fj; fhduqlr

;sìKs' fmdÿ m%;sm;a;sh ;ekSu i|yd Y%S,ksmhg ys;j;a úYaj úoHd,

weÿrka lSmfofkl= m;alr ;snqKq w;r" m%dfhda.slj th ,sùu i|yd

,,s;isß .=Krejka" wð;a lírd,a yd c.;a je,a,j;a; hk uy;ajre

l%shd l<y' ish¨ mlaI Tjqkaf.a fhdackd ,nd§ ;sìKs' Èk i;s .;jqk o

m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh bÈßm;a jQfha ke;' ta w;f¾ ikaOdkfha m%;sm;a;s

m%ldYkfha fldgia hQtkamSh w;g m;aù th rks,af.a m%;sm;a;shg tlaù

we;s nj o jd¾;d úh' wfma m%;sm;a;s Ndr§ug .shúg ud ÿgqfõ m%ldYk

lSmhlau ;kd we;s njh' tys ;snQ uq¿ msgq .Kk 713la úh' ̂ th ;ju ud

i;=j we;& fï ms<sn|j w.ue;s uyskao rdcmlaI yd neis,a rdcmlaI

uy;ajreka iu. jrla idlÉPdjla we;s jQ w;r" fuf,i ish¨fokd

;Dma;su;a jk m%;sm;a;s m%ldYhka ;ekSu l< fkdyels ld¾hhla f,i

fmkakd ÿksñ' túg w.ue;s;=ud ug fhdackd lf<a iqÿiq mßÈ yels

blauKska ish,a,kag .e,fmk fohla msgm;a lrkd f,ih' ta wkqj tla

Èkla f.k ish¨ fhdackd lshùñ' tys o< idrxYhla ,nd .;sñ' miqÈk

neis,a rdcmlaI uy;d iu. w.%dud;H ld¾hd,fha§ yuqjqfkñ' th lÈu

f.dvke.s,a,ls' th ud tys .sh m<uq j;djh' jrla ug kS;sfõ§ pQ,d o

is,ajdf.a {d;sjßhl jQ fk¨*¾ uefvdakaid lSfõ th Tjqkaf.a uy

f.or f,i l,la jecUqKq njhs' fl,ska jevlrkd .eyekshla f,i

fk¨*¾ ckm%sh jQ w;r" jrla hqla;sh mqj;amf;a weh ;%ia; úfrdaë

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


143

jHdmdrfha m;%sld fnok o¾Ykhla m<lr ,shd ;snqfKa fld<U fkdakd

yduq,df.a isxy, foaYmd,kh f,ihs' w.%dud;H ld¾hd,fha ud is;a

.;af;a tys weue;s uKav, ld¾hd,hhs' th uf.a m%sh;u is;a;rl= jk

chisß fiauf.a f.a Ñ;%j,ska w,xldr ù ;sìKs' jrla wfma r;k

ysñhkaf.a .fï ys;jf;l= jQ fudgdf.or jks.r;ak is;a;rd lSfõ

fiauf.a wkqlrKh lrkafka ish ffY,sh njh' tys we;a;la ;sìKs'

kuq;a fiauf.a fudgdf.orf.a iïm%odh jvd;a iql=ud, ,sys,a ir,

fukau ;ekam;a rgdjla njg m;alf<ah' fm%auodi uy;df.a reÑl;ajh

.ek hïlsis bjla ;snqKq ug Tyq fiauf.a f;dard.ekSu .ek mqÿuhla

we;súh'fï jkúg l=uk wdldrhl ieleiaula m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkhg ;sìh hq;= o

hkak .ek woyila ug ;sìKs' th iïm%odfhka ñ§" —ud— Wla; lr

kjl;djl iajrEmfhka ,súh hq;= nj;a" túg mlaIj,g lsisjla

lsjfkdyels nj;a" ish¨fokd jg ù we;af;a uyskao rdcmlaI kï

mqoa.,hd jgd nj;a" uu neis,a rdcmlaI uy;dg meyeÈ,s lf<ñ' tla

fldgila ,shd fmkajkakehs Tyq b,a,d isáfhah' wudreu fldgi jk

;%ia;jdoh iïnkaO fldgi ,shkakg ;SrKh lf<ñ' ta wkqj w.%dud;H

ld¾hd,fha jQ úfYaI ldurhlg ^th ux., iurùr uy;d mßyrKh

l< ld¾hd,hla úh& f.dia mehla we;=<; ,shú,a, ,shd f.k wdfjñ'

fkdfn÷Kq rgla" nyq;r iïuq;shla" f.!rjkSh iduhla f;audj iys;

mßÉfþoh ,shejqfKa tf,ih' neis,a uy;d th /f.k f.dia miqj

w.ue;s;=ud iu. idlÉPdjla meje;aùh' úúO m%Yak uf.ka wikq ,enQ

w;r" ish¨foag ms<s;=re ÿksñ' tÈku th wkqr Èidkdhl uy;d yryd

cúfmg heúks' Tjqka fjkialï folla lf<ah' tlla kï ud W;=re yd

kef.kysr m%Yakh f,i kïlr ;snQ —ixisoaêh— Tjqka" —cd;sl m%Yakh—

f,i kïlsÍuhs' ckjd¾.sl w¾nqoh" cd;sl .eg¨j jeks jokaj,g

ckj¾. foll fyda cd;Ska foll m%Yakhla ye`.fjk ksid tajd

Ndú;fhka je<lS isàu uf.a ia:djrh úh' wekagka nd,isxyï mjd

Y%S,xldfõ .eg¨j cd;sl m%Yakhla (National Question) f,i .;af;a th

cd;Ska folla w;r m%Yakhla f,i" yqjd olajkakgh' wlue;af;ka jqj

th fhdokakg isÿúh' fojeks lreK jQfha —mqoa.,hdg n,h fn§u— hk

ixl,amh f.ktauhs' thg kï lsis÷ úfrdaO;djhla fkdùh' §¾>

idlÉPdjlska miq tlS ffY,sfhkau fiiq mßÉfþohka o ,sùug ;SrKh

flßKs' l=vd wkqud;Dld wx. o iys;j Èk follska msgq ishhlg

144

wdikak uq¿ ,sheú,a,u ilia lf<ñ' fuys§ .eñ m%fndaOh ms<sn|j jQ

—.u ke.=u— jev ms<sfj< .ek jrla rd;%sfha idlÉPdjla úh' w.ue;s

uyskao yd neis,a rdcmlaI hk fofmd,u ish .u .ek l< l;djkaf.ka

ug ye`.S .sfha wms f;;a l,dmfha Ôj;a jQjo" Tjqka lgql úh<s l,dmfha

Ôj;a jQj o" jhia ldKav follg wh;a jQj o w;aoelSï fndfydaúg tlla

njhs' uf.a l=vdl, isyskh jQfha fidaúhÜ mkakfha iduqysl .ula yd

fmdÿ myiqlï iemhSu isÿlsÍuhs' miqj uu ta woyi fjkialr .;af;ñ'

.u f.dvke.Su isÿlrkafka flfiao hkak wfma m%Odk f;audjla úh'

c, ixrlaIKh" mdxY+ rlaIKh fmdÿ myiqlï" mßir ys;jdoh

we;=<;ajQ .u ke.=u yd cd;sl iúh jevigyka ks¾udKh jQfha tfiah'

.u ke.=u hgf;a úfYaI jHdmD;shla f,i miqj wfma .u o f.dvk`.d

th ck;djg mejÍug yelsùu ud ,o uy;a Nd.Hhla úh' .u ke.=u

fndfyda W;aijj,§ ug ksï ke;s i;=gla we;sjkafka tod rd;%Sfha wms

l< iqyo l;dny h:d¾:hla jkq oelSfuks'

ta Èkj, Èkla uu ys;j;a kdjql bxðfkarefjl=f.a f.or .sfha

mß.Kl uDÿldx.hla b,a,d .ekSugh' lsre<mk mÈxÑj isá Tyq yd

ìß| ug lSfõ Tjqkg l=vqldrhskaf.ka fndfyda lror we;s njhs' je,l

froaola t<kak;a neß njh' —wfka Th ckdêm;sjrKfha§j;a fï u;g

;s; ;shkakflda ˜ lshd ta fofmd< udf.ka b,a,d isáhy' —u;g ;s;—

jevms<sfj<g ixl,amh wdfõ tf,ih' miqj wuoHm iñ;s tlaù

ú,afma fidaNs; ysñhka yryd md¾,sfïka;=jg mk;la f.ktk ,È' th

miqj fi!LH weue;s;=ud úiskau bÈßm;a lrkd ,o w;r" w.úksiqre

ir;a is,ajd ìh¾ uqo,d,s,df.a b,a,Su ;Uhlg fkdf.k mk; iïu;

lsÍug bvyir ;kdÿkafkah' Y%S ,xldfõ ìh¾ jHdma;shg jeäu fiajh

flrefKa pkaøsldf.a wdKavqfjks' miqj u;aøjH wêldßhla msysgqjd rg

mqrd —u;g ;s;— jev ms<sfj< Èh;a lf<a w;=r,sfha r;k ysñhkaf.a

m%odk;ajfhka wfma iajdñka jykafia,d úisks' uäfya ysñ" fidau ysñ"

ud\q¿jdfõ ysñ wd§ ysñjre isxyhd ìh¾j,g fhdod.ekSu .ek f.k.sh

igk ch.%yKfhka fl<jr lr.kakg wmg yelsúh' ;reK mrmqr

u;aøjHj,g weíneyslr ÿ¾j, cd;shla we;slsÍu i|yd jevms<sfj<la

fn!oaO úfrdaëka iQlaIuj f.khk nj o l,ska i|yka lf<ñ' bx.%Siska

úiska" we;sl< fï ÿ¾.=Kh ksid íafÜ%,shdfõ kscìu ysñ

wefnda¾ðkajre ú¢kd ÿl ÿgqúg isxy,-fou< ñksiqkg Tjqka isÿlr

we;af;a t;rï wmrdOhla fkdjk nj ye`.S .sfhah' cd;sl iúh"

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


145

kef.kysr kfjdaoh jeks jHdmD;sj, kï wefikd ieuúgu ug

oefkkafka msgq ish .Kkl uyd m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh ixialrKh lsÍug

ud oerE jEhuhs' m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha lghq;= isÿfõoehs fiùug miq

úmrï iNdjl wjYH;djh miqj u;= jQ w;r" th ilialrf.k wdfõ

Woh .ïukams, úisks' .=Krejka yd c.;a" wdpd¾h chiqkaor iu. jdo

fjñka fndfyda wd¾Ól iykdOdrj, m%dfhda.sl me;a; .ek fidhdn,d

igyka lrkd ,È' wdpd¾h chiqkaorg rfÜ wd¾Ólfha b,lalï .ek

;snqKd jQ wjfndaOh .ek i;=gq jqfkñ' jrla t;=ud wm wud;HdxYfha

Wvquy,la újD; lsÍug meñKSfï W;aijhl PdhdrEmhla oelSfuka miq

ysgmq w.úksiqre;=ud ud iu. wukdm jQ njla o jd¾;d úh' m%;sM,h

jQfha wfma mßir ixrlaIK nÿ mk; fyf;u wêlrK l%shdjlska

l,lg w;aysgqùuhs' th iïu; lr.ekSu i|yd fndfyda lreKq

wêlrKhg lSug wmg isÿúh' W;aijhla yd mqoa.,sl wdrjq,la cd;sl

m%Yakhla jQfha tfiah'

rks,af.a m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh wmg l,ska ksl=;a úh' th ÿ¾j, tlla úh'

tys we;s we;eï lreKqj,g o ms<s;=re foñka wx.iïmQ¾K m%;sm;a;s

m%ldYkhla ieliQfjuq' wð;a lírd,a uy;d iqÿiq f,i ixfYdaOkh

lrñka th bx.%Sishg ke.=fhah' fuhg pkaøsldf.a wkque;sh .ekSu

ÿIalr úh yels nj fï ms<sn|j Wkkaÿfjka lghq;= l< Y%Sm;sf.a woyi

úh' fuh mlaIfha fkdj uyskao rdcmlaIf.a mqoa.,sl woyi nj udf.a

;¾lh úh' ckdêm;s wfmalaIl;ajh .;a;d fia fuh;a" f,dlalSf.ka

wkqu; lr.kakd nj iskduqiq uqyqKska w.ue;s;=ud lSfõh' ish wd¾hdj

iu. tys f.dia iqyo f;a mdkhlska miq t;=ud ch.%dySj wdmiq wdfõh'

wms m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh uqøKhg heõfjuq' rd;%Sfha ljqfoda pkaøsldg

—talSh Ndjh— Y%S,ksmh ms<sf.k we;ehs okajd ;sfí' túg weh ieuod

fukau mud jeä ù isáhdh' uyskao Ñka;k m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh ñ,shk

04la uqøKh flßKs' ta i|yd WmldÍ jQfha m%isoaO mqj;am;a iud.uls'

th fnodyeÍfï § ;Srl ld¾hNdrh lf<a cúfmhs' wfma cd,hka yryd o

,laI 03lg wdikak m%udKhla fnod yeßuq;a w;súYd, nyq;rhla

m%;sm;a;s m%ldYk ck;dj w;rg .sfha c'ú'fm ldvrh u.sks' pkaøsld

b;d olaI f,i Y%S,ksm hdka;%Kh wvmk lr ;snqKdh' we;eï ue;s

weue;sjre úfoaY .;jQ w;r" ;j;a wh pkaøsld iu. idmamq ijdß hk

o¾Yk o m<úh'

146

úoHQ;a udOH lafIa;%fha isÿjQfha mqÿudldr miqnEuls' w.ue;s uyskao

fjkqfjka >Dcqj fmkS isáfha iajdëk rEmjdysksh muKs' jdKsc l,d

udOH u.ska ck;dj wdl¾Ykh lr ;snQ mqoa.,sl rEmjdyskS fl,skau

úl%uisxy uy;df.a m%pdrl udOH njg yerúKs' wdKavqfõ cd;sl

rEmjdysksh mjd hï ÿrlg wl%Sh ù ;sìKs' tfukau b;d ld¾hlaIu

f,i úoHQ;a mß.Kl cd,hka yd cx.u ÿrl;k cd,hka o úmlaIh

úiska fhdod .eksKs' úfYaIfhka kj ;reK mrmqr yd jD;a;Shfõ§ka

tys b,lalh úh' fuys n,mEu wmg oekqfKa ue;sjrK m%;sM,fha§h'

uf.a ;lafiarej jQfha ckjd¾.sl yd wd.ñl f,i fn§ .sh

ckdêm;sjrKfha § fn!oaOhskaf.ka 65]la tkï ;=fkka folla uyskao

rdcmlaIg Pkaoh fokq we;s njhs' tfukau uqia,sï" fou<" lf;da,sl

wd§ cd;sl" wd.ñl lKavdhïj, id;sYh nyq;rh rks,a úl%uisxyhkag

,efnkd njhs' ìfIdmajre" uQ,O¾ujd§ ls;=Kqjka" bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§

n,fõ." fou< cd;sjd§ n,fõ. ish¨fokd b;d ;SrKd;aul f,i

l%shd;aul ù ;sìKs' flfiafj;;a" wfma b,lalh ;snqfKa Pkao ,laI

04lska muK bÈßhg tkakg;a Pkao ,laI 48 blauùu;ah' ikaOdkfha

,laI 42 yd cd;sl fy< Wreufha ,laI 3½ la o" kj Pkao ,laIhla

muK o wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha ix.Kk m%;sM, foi o n,ñks' kuq;a

wêl f,i fhojqKq úmlaIfha úoHQ;a udOH fm<yr úiska" w¿;ska

Pkaofmd<g le|jqkq ,enQ 05]l muK msßfika id;sYh nyq;rh ̂ 70]la

muK& úmlaI kdhljrhdg leue;a; m<lr ;sìKs' idudkHfhka

ch.%dyS /,a,l§ 5-7] w;r o" Pkao odhl úp,khka we;sjk nj wfma

cd;sl ue;sjrK m%;sM, ú.%yhl§ fmkS hhs' kuq;a" udOH ix.%duhlska

fujeks m%;sM, fjkila we;sfõhehs wms is;d ;snqfKa ke;'

kef.kysr fou< m%foaYj, Pkaoh i|yd wms jevms<sfj<la fhÿfjuq'

kuq;a wms fkdis;+ f,i lreKdf.a ys;j;=ka f,i" ue;sjrKh

ch.%yKh l<jqka mjd úmlaI kdhlhdf.a Pkao jHdmdrhg lemù ;snQ

whqre oel.kakg ;sìKs' kef.kysr uqia,sï ckhdf.a n,mEu o fou<"

isxy, Pkao odhlhdg n,md ;sìKs' fuh uOHu m<df;a o isÿjQ

—wdikak m%foaYfha WKqiqu˜ msg;g .,dhEfï m%;sM,hhs' kef.kysr

lreKd iu. isá msßiaj, b;=reù isá msßia fhdodf.k isÿlr,Sug

W;aidy l< Pkao jHdmdrh o pkaøsldf.a wK mßÈ wdrlaIl wxY wjq,a

lrkd ,È' wms hdmkfha o tjeks W;aidyhla oerefjuq' ukao jir 2000

§ fldá hdmkfha fodrlv isáh § pkaøsld Pkao 52"000la f.k hdmkh

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


147

ch.%yKh lr ;uka >d;kh lsÍug ;e;al< fldákag mdvula lshdÿka

ksidh' v.a,iaf.a iydhfhka Èh;alsÍug .sh jevms<sfj<g pkaøsld

wdrlaIl wjirh fkd§fuka iïmQ¾Kfhka wjq,a l<dh' jkaksfha yd

kef.kysr we;eï fldá m%foaYj, Pkao ,laI folla muK

n,y;aldrfhka Pkao fmÜáj,g jeàu je<elaùu msKsi Pkao fmÜá

wdrlaIl yuqod n,m%foaYj, muKla ;eìh hq;=hehs lshd wjidkfha

fY%aIaGdêlrKfhka o ;Skaÿjla .;af;uq' úmlaIh n,fha isáh§ ̂ 2002-

04& wdrlaIl yuqod m;alr ;snQ kskaÈ; ;;a;ajh ksid wdrlaIl yuqodj,

kï hï msì§ula we;s ù ;sìKs' f.daGdNh rdcmlaI uy;d ue;sjrK

l%shdoduhg tlaùu;a iu`. l,lsÍ isá yuqod msßia fukau hqoaOh

fjkqfjka lemlsÍï l< wdndê; fid,aodÿjka o" ñh.sh fin¿kaf.a

mjq,aj, o msì§ula we;slsÍug ysgmq yuqod kdhlhska jQ tï'ã' m%kdkaÿ"

Ydka; ch;s,l jeks wh iu;ajQy'

m%Ndlrka Pkaoh oeóu je<elaùug fujr o l%shdlrkd nj Pkaohg

fmrod yuqod nqoaê wxY u.ska oek .;suq' 2004 Pkaofha § nia r:

fhdojdf.k l< Pkao uxfld,a,h fjkqjg n,y;aldrh hdmkh jeks

m%foaYj, o fhoù ;sìKs' fou< ckhdf.a fï m%cd;dka;%sl whs;sh

Wÿrd.ekSu .ek iïmQ¾K j.lSu 2002-04 wdKavqfõ ;%ia;jdohg

ksrdhqo ckhd ì,sÿka —fmdx.=;ñ,a˜ jevms<sfj< Ndr .;hq;=h' miqj

rks,a úl%uisxyf.a m%Odk fpdaokdj jQfha uyskao rdcmlaI m%Ndlrka

iu. .súiqula .id Pkao je<elajQfhah hk u;h m%pdrKh lsÍuh'

1982 isg mj;ajk ,o ish¨ ckdêm;sjrK ish Yla;s m%udKfha yeáhg

fõ¨ms,af,a j¾ckh lf<ah' thg fya;+j ;ñ,a B<dufha ckdêm;s

;udh hk ye`.Suh' 2005 ckdêm;sjrKfha § th hdmkh jeks yuqodj

i;=j ;snQ m%foaYj,g o jHdma; jQfha wdKavqfõ uq.ao iduh ksidfjks'

wfkla w;ska yuqod n,m%foaYj, mj;ajk ue;sjrKhl § ;ukg is;+

yeáfha Pkao fmÜá msrùug fldákag yelsjkafka o ke;' fmr<d

ol=K" niakdysr" W;=re ueo" jhU" inr.uqj jeks isxy, m%foaY w;súYd,

jeä Pkaohlska Èkd ta m%;sM,h jkaksfha fou< Pkaoj,ska wdmiq

yereKd kï rg ;=< we;sjkafka le/,a,ls' tfukau úmlaIfha

fpdaokdj we;a; hehs .;a; o fõ¨ms,af,a m%Ndlrka m%:uj;djg

/jàfï Y+rlu" uyskao rdcmlaIg ,efnkafkah' uka o thg fmr Tyq

148

.kqfokq l< ish,af,dau Tyq úiska" /jàug ,lalr urdoud fyda

urdoeóug ;e;alr fyda ;snqKq fyhsks'

ckdêm;sjrK m%;sM,h rd;%sfha ksÈjrd weiSug;a ug wjYH;djhla

fkdùh' m%;sM,h t;rïu iaÓrù ;sìKs' Pkaoh § Pkao uOHia:dk

lSmhlg f.dia Pkao .Kka lsÍu i|yd wm fmdfrdkaÿ jQ ksfhdað;hka

heùfuka miq f.or f.dia ksod .;sñ' WoEik ud wjÈ l< wfma mlaIfha

i.fhl= lSfõ rks,a <`.gu weú;a we;s nj;a" we;eïúg ch.%yKh

lsÍug mjd bv we;s nj;ah' ÿrl;kh l%shd;aul l<úg m<uq weu;=u

wdfõ r;akmqrfhks' w.ue;s;=ud mrdo nj we;a;oehs tys jHdmdßlfhla

uf.ka weiSh' w.ue;s;=ud ch ,nkd nj lS úg Tyq úYajdi fkdlf<ah'

Tyq iu. Pkao TÜgqjla o oud wr,sh .y ukaÈrhg .shúg ÿgqfõ

we;euqkaf.a uqyqK ue< ù we;s njh' oekg we;s ù we;s m%;sM, .ek

jydu ixLHdf,aLk ú.%yhla lr.;sñ' wïmdr Pkao m%;sM,h ms<sn| o<

woyila v,ia m%ldY lf<ah' ta wkqj l< .Kkh lsÍfuka wms

wkQkjfhka 50] blaujd we;s nj oek .;sñ' w.ue;s uyskao ckm;s

uyskao ù we;s nj oek.ekSfuka miq t;=udg iqN WmkaÈkhla m;kakg

wr,sh .y ukaÈrfha Wvquy,g .sfhñ'

w.ue;s moúh yd weue;s moú fn§fï § iqmqreÿ f,i ys;a wukdmlï

we;súh' ux., - Y%Sm;s ckdêm;sjrKhg w;sYhska lemjQj;a m<uq

mshjf¾§u ys;a wukdmlï we;súh' b,a,d wiajQ Y%Sm;s wiajid Tyqg

weue;s Oqrhla ,nd§ug o w.ue;s Oqrh we;=¿ ;j;a weue;s Oqr ;SrKh

lsÍug iydh ùug o ueÈy;a jkakg ug isÿúh' c'ú'fm weue;s Oqr ,nd§

we;=<g oud .;hq;= jqj;a th o isÿjQfha ke;' ia:djr wdKavqjla msysgqjd

.ekSug c'ú'fm tl`.;djh o f.k uyd ue;sjrKhla ;nkd f,i wm

b,a,d isáh;a fkdfhla fya;+ u; th bgqjQfha o ke;' 2007 we;sjk

wdKavq úfrdaë l=uka;%Kh .ek ug l,skau f;areï .sfhah'

ckdêm;sjrKfhka miq meje;ajQ m<d;a md,k Pkaofha § cd;sl fy<

Wreuh t;rï id¾:l jQfha ke;' mKsjqvh fukau mKsjqvlre o jeo.;a

nj wfma fkdfhla fokd f;areï fkd.ekSu thg fya;+ úh' c'ú'fm kï

id¾:l úh' Pkao ñ,shkhlg jvd Tjqka ,nd.;a kuq;a" m<d;a md,k

wdh;k 25la muK ch .ekSfï Tjqkf.a wNHka;r b,lalh mrdch úh'

ta iu.u wNHka;r m%Yak cúfm ;=< we;sù we;s nj oek .;af;ñ'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


149

iqNjd§ f,i fmkqKq tlu foh wdrlaIl wud;HdxYfha isÿjQ fmr<shhs'

wdrlaIl f,alï f,i f.daGdNh rdcmlaI m;aúh' tys WmfoaYlhska

f,i tï'ã'm%kdkaÿ yd tÉ'tï'Ô'î'fldglfoKsh uy;ajre m;ajQy'

yuqodm;s f,i ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d m;aúh' fï ish¨fokdu

m%;sm;a;s.rel foaYfm%aóka jQy' wm n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk b,lalh lrd

yuqodj .uka lrkq we;ehs oeä úYajdihla we;súh' B<`.g isÿjQ

l%shdoduhkaf.ka fmkS .sfha th isÿfjñka mj;sk njh'

fldá iu`. idlÉPd we/öfï W;aidyhla o oeßKs' wfma ia:djrh jQfha

úêu;a f,i iQodkï ùug l,a.kakd w;r" idlÉPd —idu idlÉPd—

fkdj igka úrdufha mj;sk ÿ¾j,;d u.yrjd .ekSu i|yd jQ idlÉPd

úh hq;= njh' foaYfmñ kS;sfõ§ka jQ tÉ't,a o is,ajd yd f.dañka ohdisß

tlS idlÉPdj,g iyNd.S jQy' kuq;a l=uk fya;=jla ksid fyda igka

úrdu .súiqu wdKavqj ms<s.kakd njg tl`.;djhla we;súh' wms fuhg

wmf.a úreoaO;ajh m< lf<uq' úfoaY n,fõ. wdKavqj mrdch lsÍug

l<yels ish,a, lr oeka th Èhlr yeÍug ;e;a orkd nj fmkS .sfhah'

jg lSmhlska miq idlÉPd weKysáks' Y%s ,xld yuqod ;uka iu. hqoaO

lsÍug ks¾Nh fkdjkq we;ehs m%Ndlrka l,amkd l< o wfma foaYfm%aó

hqo kdhlfhda ta i|yd iQodkï fjñka isáhy'

ud úiskau kï ;nkd ,o cd;sl iúh jevigyk i|yd iïnkaO jk

f,i neis,a rdcmlaI uy;d wdrdOkd l< o ta ms<sn| yeoEÍulska miq

fldá W;=re yd kef.kysr wdêm;Hh Wiq,k;dla ta jevms<sfj<

l%shd;aul l< fkdyels nj wjfndaO lr.;sñ' miqj m%Odk wd¾Ól

u¾uia:dk md,kh jk Wmdh ud¾.sl jHjidh l<ukdlrK wdh;kh

(SEMA) iu. tlaùñ' rcH nexl=" jrdh" .=jkaf;dg" f;,a yd úÿ,sh"

jeú,s jeks lafIa;%j, mj;sk uQ,H ;;a;ajh ms<sn| lÈu wjfndaOhla

tys isá flál, we;=<; ,nd.;sñ' idudkHfhka iudcfha isÿjk

w,a,ia .ekSï" jxpd ¥IK ms<n|j uyck ms<sl=,la ;snqK o rdcH

ie,iqïlrKfha § ks,OdÍka yd foaYmd,lhska .kakd ;Skaÿ .ek

uyckhd fkdoek isàu .ek ug wfma iudc foayh .ek ms<sl=,la

we;súh' iq¿ iq¿ w,a,ia ksid rg nxfldf<d;a jkafka ke;' kuq;a

ie,iqïlrKfha § isÿjk l%shdjka ksid rgla nxfldf<d;a úh yelsnj

oek .;sñ' ys;j;a jHdmdßlfhla úiska" ug wd¾Ól m%ydrlhd

150

(Economic Hit Man) kï lD;sh ,ndÿka w;r" tu.ska f,dalfha n,j;a

Okj;a rgj,a f.khk iQlaIu uQ,H W.=,a ms<sn| lÈu oekqula ,nd

.;sñ' ta wkqj B<`.g tlS uQ,O¾uhka fhdodf.k ,xldfõ Wmdh

ud¾.sl jeo.;alula we;s rdcH wdh;kj, ;;a;ajh úuikakg ùñ'

rfÜ wd¾Ólfha idrh .ek lÈu w;aoelSula tu.ska ug ,eìKs' jrla

,xldfõ lS¾;sOr bxðfkarefjl= jQ ta'tka'tia' l=,isxy ^t;=udg ks,

úYaj úoHd, wOHdmkhla fkdùh' wkqNúl oekqu mokï jQ Y%S ,xldfõ

uE; ld,Sk úYsIaG;u bxðfkare ks¾udK Tyqf.a úh&' jrla uyje,s

läkï jHdmdrhg wh;a" c,dYhla ms<sn|j foaYSh bxðfkarejka úuid

úhou ms<sn|j .Kkhla lr we;' th 1978 j¾Ifha§ re' ñ,shk 750la

úh' fï weia;fïka;=j uqo,a wdud;HdxYhg .shl, frdkS o ue,af.a

ks,OdÍka m%ldY lr we;af;a t;rï uqo,la ,ndÈh fkdyels njh' ta

wkqj fhdackdj ckdêm;s chj¾Okg .sfhah' l=,isxy" isß,a ue;sõ

iu. 1977 ue;sjrK ch.%yKh i|yd lemù jevl< cd;sljdÈfhl=

úh' ta nj oek isá chj¾Ok ckdêm;s wod< ks,OdÍka úuid l=,isxy

uy;dg lshd we;af;a ta i|yd ngysr rgl iyk Khla ,ndfok w;r"

uq¿ úhou remsh,a ñ,shk 3000la muK úh yels nj;a" thska ñ,shk

2150la wod< ngysr rg o" b;sß 850 NdKavd.drh o fhdokd nj;a" thg

tl`.j l%shdlrkd f,i;ah' l=,isxy mqÿuhg;a" l,lsÍug;a m;aù we;'

ukao ñ,shk 750la ke;ehs lS uqo,a wud;HdxYh oeka foaYSh odhl;ajh

f,i ñ,shk 850lau fhoùug hk ksidh' chj¾Ok iu. ;¾l lsÍu

moúh ke;sjk jevla nj oek.;a l=,isxy ish bxðfkare f.da,hskag

;;a;ajh jd¾;d lr we;af;a —b;ska" rfÜ rcdg jvd wmsg foaYfm%aó

fjkak neyefka — lshñks' uyje,s jHdmdrfha tjeks wêl úhoï

iys;j lrjQ jHdmD;s .Kkdjla .ek úia;r tys fiajh l< .dñKS

fifkúr;ak uy;d miqj fy<slr ;sìKs' Tyqg wkqj tla uyje,s

c,dYhla i|yd iyuq,skau jehjQ uqo,g iudk uqo,la ngysr rgl

WmfoaYlhska Tjqkf.a mjq,a" .=jka yd fydag,a .dia;= i|yd ,xldj

f.jd ;sfí' .dñKS fikúr;ak iqkaor bx.%Sis lúfhls' fmardfoKsh

iriúfha bx.%Sis udOHfhka l,d úIhka l< —lvqfuâfvda˜ kñka"

m%p,s;j isáh§ y÷kd.kakd ,o ud,skao Tyqf.a mq;%hdh' wmQrE bx.%Sis

,sùfï yelshdjla o ksoyia Ñka;khla yd yeisÍula o Tyqg úh' Tyqf.a

whshd jQ w¾cqk o tfiauh' jrla ud,skaog fy< Wreufhka ,ndfok

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


151

mßj¾;k f;d.h .ek meñKs,s lrñka Tyq lSfõ l%sia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujdohg yß .sys,a,d fï nßka ksoyia úh hq;= njh'

läkï uyje,sh wd¾Ól m%ydrlhskaf.a jevls' ;ju;a tys Kh wms

f.juq' th wd¾Ól w;ska M,odhl jHdmD;shla fkdjkafka wêl

jHdmD;s ñ, .Kka ksidh' ;sia wjqreÿ jevms<sfj< ;snqKd kï th rgg

Wlyd .;yels jev ms<sfj<la jkakg bv ;sìKs' iqks,a neiaáhka úiska"

rpkd lr we;s úfoaY wdOdrj, foaYmd,kh kï lD;sh yd úYaf,aIKh

fï ms<sn|j lÈu újrKhla lr we;' uf.a .Kka ne,Sïj,g wkqj

1978-2000 ld,h ;=< tlai;a ckmofhka wmg fvd,¾ ñ,shk 68la ,eî

we;s w;r" 2000ka miq i;hla ,eî ke;' kuq;a" 2000-2008 w;r" muKla

wms wdmiq f.jd we;s Kh m%udKh ñ,shk 314ls' ;j;a ñ,shk 560l

m%udKhla f.ùug we;' iyk Khj, Kh W.=, thhs' iqidka fcda¾Ê

úiska" rÑ; —brKu Kh nrg jvd fYdapkShs˜' (Fate is worse than debt)

lD;sh f,dj mqrd úfYaIfhka wm%sldfõ fï fÄojdplh fmkakd § we;'

foaYSh bxðfkarejka ;ekQ uõwdr" fõ,sTh" fjfyr.," rUlekaTh wd§

c,dY fmkakd ÿkafka wvq úhoñka wmgu wfma jdß l¾udka; lr.;

yels njh' fjfyr., ;ekQ .=Kj¾Ok f,alï;=ud yd .=Kodi ^wfma

úYaj úoHd, ñ;=frls& bxðfkare uy;d iu. Èk .Kkla ¨Kq.ï

fjfyr WoHdkfha isg rfÜ jdß l¾udka;h .ek jeo.;a l;djka /ila

lf<uq' úh<s f.dia ;snQ ueKsla .`. Èkm;du f;; nß; lr

¨Kq.ïfjfyr wx.iïmQ¾K WoHdkhla lf<a Tjqkah' .eñ isß;a okakd

pu,a weue;s;=ud ks;ru wmg wem Wmldr lf<ah' bÈß ld,.=K

úm¾hdij,g uqyqK§ug kï rfÜ .x`.d 103 wrNhdu c, ixrlaIK

l%ufõohla bÈß oYlfha § rgg w;HjYH nj jgyd .;sñ' ke;akï

w;S;fha § fuka rcrg YsIagdpdrh kej; ì|jeàug bv we;af;ah'

jdß lafIa;%j, muKla fkdj wêl úhoï fmkajd (Inflated Costs)

ixLHd úÊcdjkaf.ka uqo,a bmhSu ish¨ lafIa;%j, isÿfõ' jrla fld<U

Ñrm%isoaO iqfLdamfNda.S ;Ügq ksjdi jHdmD;shla i|yd kef.kysr

wdishdkq rgl wdfhdaclfhla bÈßm;a úh' Tyqf.a wdfhdackh remsh,a

ñ,shk 900la jQ w;r" ;j;a ñ,shk 960la Tyq foaYSh nexl=jlska

,nd.;af;ah' tlS jHdmD;sfha úhoï úia;rh tys jevl< wm ys;j;a

bxðfkarefjla ud w; ;enqfõh' tys úúO úhoï hgf;a muKla

úhofuka yßwvla ñ,shk 930la oud ;sìKs' uf.a bxðfkare ñ;=rdf.a

152

woyi kï th fndrejla njh' wdfhdaclhd uqo,a fmkakd foaYSh nexl=

u.skau jHdmD;sh ksulr ;j;a lShla yß úfoaY .sKqulg oudf.k we;s

njh' úúO rdcH wdh;kj,ska fï jHdmD;s wkqu; jkafka tajdfha

ks,OdÍkaf.a wkqyisks' ¥IKh .ek foaYmd,lhdgu fodia lSfuka m,la

ke;'

,xldfõ úÿ,sn, ie,eiau 1991 isg l%shdúrys; fldg f;,aj,ska úÿ,sh

ksmojk rgla njg m;aù f,dalfha wêl;u úÿ,sh ñ, .Kka we;slr

.ekSu;a" fyðka .kqfokqfjka rg f;,a ñf,ys isrlrefjl= lsÍu;a"

,xldfõ wd¾Ól m%ydrlhkaf.a jev f,i i,lñ' we;eï ks,OdÍka fï

ksid WrK ù mßir weue;s ksid rg w÷f¾ f,i jQ udOH jd¾;d mjd

ilia l< nj oksñ'

f.da,ShlrKh yd úfoaY Kh l%shd;aul jk wdldrh .ek lÈu lD;Ska

folla fkdfn,a ;Hd.,dNS f,dal nexl=fõ ysgmq iNdm;sjrfhla o jk

fcdaYma iaá.a,sÜia (Joseph E Stiglitz) ,shd we;' (GLOBALIZATION

AND ITS DISCONTENTS – MAKING GLOBALIZATIOION

WORK) fï lD;s lshùfuka f,dal uQ,H l%uh yeisfrk wdldrh yd wms

tys§ l%shd l< hq;= wdldrh .ek lÈu oekqula ´kEu wfhl=g ,nd.;

yel' iaá.a,sÜia wfma ysgmq úfoaY f,alï md,s; fldfydkf.a

ys;jf;ls' mdßißl Kh yd f.da,Sh WKqiqu md,kh lsÍu i|yd

fjf<|fmd< l%uh úiska fhdod.; hq;= Wml%u .ek md,s; yryd

Tyqf.ka lÈu Wmfoidj,shla o ,nd.;sñ' l=,isxy uy;d lsõjdfia rcd

muKla fkdj ish¨ weue;sjre foaYfm%aó jk w;f¾ cd;Hka;r

l%shdoduhka ms<sn| wjfndaOhla o ,nd isáh hq;=h' ke;akï rg wd¾Ól

ìïfndaïnj,g yd laf,afuda m%ydrj,g myiqfjka f.dÿre úh yelsh'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


153

uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d ckdêm;s ùfuka miq wdrlaIl

wxYj, isÿ jQ kdhl;aj fjkialï u.ska blauKskau ish¨fokd

oek.;af;a wdKavqj fldákaf.ka t,a,jk ´kEu wNsfhda.hla i|yd

iQodkï jk njhs' úfYaIfhkau fldákaf.ka ì§ .sh fldgia yd fldá

úfrdaë fldgia wkql%ufhka wm yd iïnkaO jkakg úh' meÍish"

,kavkh yd *%ekala*¾Ü iy ;j;a k.r .Kkdjl § úúO wjia:dj,§

úfoaY .; fldá úfrdaëka wm iu. idlÉPdj,g t<eUqky' jrla

*%ekala*¾Ü k.rfha § yuq jQ ;rula jhil fou< ;dlaIK Ys,amsfhl=

ud yg lSfõ 1984 ;rï wE; ld,hl § ;uka maf,dÜ ixúOdkfha I¾,s

yd cd;sl wdrlaIl weue;s ,,s;a we;=<;auqo,s w;r" idlÉPdjlg o

iïnkaO jQ njh' ug laIKhlska lreKq folla u;la úh' tlla kï

ol=fKa jdudxYslhkaf.a fõÈldj,g ke;=ju neß fou< lÓlfhla

njg 1980 oYlfha fojk Nd.fha m;ajQ" à I¾gh" fvksï l,siu" g%ela

im;a;= me<| isá maf,dÜ ixúOdkfha I¾,sh' B<`.g 1988 j¾Ifha §

úmlaI ikaOdkhla i|yd idlÉPd meje;afj;a § Èkla uola ìhm;a

uqyqKska l=ud¾ fmdkakïn,ï uy;d wjg isá kdhlhskag lS ryilah'

wekagka nd,isxyï ;ukg Bfha rd;%sfha ÿrl;kfhka l;dl< nj;a"

y;ajeks È.yereu

wms Èkqï

154

"Is Muhandan ( alias Uma Maheshawaran) there, Beware of these

buggers, they are Athulathmudali’s fellows", lshd lsjQ nj;ah' ta Èkj,

m%p,s; ryila jQfha fldá y`v kñka m%p,s; jQ maf,dÜ .=jka úÿ,sh

m%pdrKh lrk ,oafoa fld<U urodfka tla;rd fn!oaO fkdjk wd.ñl

uOHia:dkhl isg nj;a" th msgqmi o we;=<;auqo,sf.a fijKe,a, jeà

;snQ nj;ah' jrla 1983 cQ,s isrlrejka w;r" .egqïj, § l=ÜgukS yd

fÊ.ka ñh.sh mqj; wid fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok ixldjg m;ajQ nj;a" thg

fya;=j ta jkúg Tjqka Y%s ,xld wdKavqj iu. —idlÉPd— wdrïN lr ;snQ

ksid nj;a" isxy r;ak;=x. f.a lD;shl (Politics of Terrorism) ;snqKd o

u;lh' wfma wdKavq tl w;lska ;%ia;jdoh iu. .efgkd w;f¾

wfkla w;ska úúO l,a,s iu. .kqfokqj o f.k hñka ;sî we;'

hqoaOhl § i;=rd ÿ¾j, lsÍu w;HjYH fohls" m%Odk i;=rdg /yeksj

ÿ¾j, i;=rka fhdod.ekSu krl Wmdhla fkdfõ' fï fldá úfrdaë

fou< ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hska iu. woyia yqjudre lr.ksoa § ug ye`.S

.sfha Tjqka fndfyda ÿrg Y%S ,xldfõ ol=fKa jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg iudk

woyia yd l%shdldÍ;ajfhka hq;= njh' c'ú'fm úiska ìh joaod 1987 - 1989

§ fulS n,fõ. ;ukg /yeksj Wis.kajd .;a wdldrhgu fldáka o

Tjqka >d;kh lsÍfuka yd ìh jeoaoùug ;e;a lsÍfuka ;ukg tfrysj

Wis.kajd f.k ;sìKs' tfukau Tjqkf.ka we;eful=f.a is; we;=f<a

fldá f.k hkakd jQ igk .ek f.!rjhla ;snqKq nj o ug ye`.S

.sfhah' ixjdo meje;afjk úg l;d fkdl< yd iuyrúg fõ.fhka

woyia oelajQ we;eïyq fldákaf.a T;a;=lrejka o ùug bv ;sìKs'

2006 w¨;a wjqreoafoka miq Èfkl fujeks msßila fld<U fydag,hl §

yuqjQ miqj fjk;a lreKla i|yd neis,a rdcmlaI uy;d yuqùug

.sfhñ' tÈk wfma udOH idlÉPdjla o iQodkï ù ;snQ fyhska" wdmiq

hEug ierfi;a § ckdêm;s ld¾hd,fha lïmkhla o" cfka,fhka ta

foi n,;a § oyia .Kkla lmqgka .scq,sysKshka fuka yuqod

uQ,ia:dkfha oejeka; w÷re jDlaIhka fj;ska" b`.s,S hk whqre o

oel.;sñ' fndaïnhla msmsÍ .sh nj uu neis,a rdcmlaI uy;dg lSfjñ'

fndaïn ksIal%Sh ùula yer yuqod uQ,ia:dkfha tjekakla isÿúh fkdyels

nj Tyqf.a woyi úh' kuq;a iq¿ fudfyd;lska wdrxÑh ld¾hd,hg

wdfõh' —ludkav¾g .y,d— yuqodfõ NdIdfjka lshjqfKa yuqodm;s

ir;a f*dkafiald uy;dg fndaïn m%ydrhla t,a, ù we;s njhs' jydu

wr,sh.y ueÿrg huqhehs neis,a uy;d fhdackd l< w;r" uu tl`.ùñ'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


155

wfma m<uq m%Yakh jqfKa yuqodm;s;=ud Ôj;=ka w;r o hkakhs' yuqod nqoaê

wxYfha uf.a ys;jf;l=f.ka úuiQ úg Tyq lSfõ frday,g f.khk úg

fyd¢ka l;d l< nj;a" fyd¢ka isysh ;snQ nj;ah' kuq;a oeka ;;a;ajh

nrm;, nj;ah' wr,sh.y ukaÈrh lrd hk w;r" uu l,amkd lf<a

m%Ndlrka fï fudfydf;a fujekakla lf<a wehs lshdh' 2004 Y%S','ks'm -

c'ú'fm ikaOdkh n,hg meñKsúg Tjqka ;ukg úreoaOj hqo m%ldY

lrkq we;ehs fldá n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ w;r" lÈ¾.du¾ >d;khg oelajQ

ksjg m%;spdrfhka w;sYh je/È ;lafiarejlg tkï isxy,hska h<s

;ukg tfrysj ke`.S fkdisákd njg jQ ks.ukhlg t<eôKs' kuq;a

f.daGdNh - f*dkafiald iqixfhda.h YS>%fhka jevlrf.k hk nj;a"

kef.kysr ;u i;=rka n,uq¿ .kajñka ;ek ;ek m%ydr wdrïN lr

we;s nj;a" Tyq fkdfnda Èklska oek.;af;ah' B<`. uyd m%ydrhg fmr

fï iqixfhda.h ksIal%Sh lsÍu Tyqf.a ksYaÑ; wruqK úh' tfiakï B<`.

m%ydrh f.daGdNhg t,a,jk nj meyeÈ,s úh' oeka m%Yakh ;snqfKa wms

fuhg flfia m%;spdr oelaúh hq;=o lshdh' tod wr,sh .y ukaÈrhg

tlajQ fndfyda fofkl=f.a woyia úúO úh' we;euqka lSfõ igka

úrdufhka bj;aúh hq;= njhs' ;j;a wh lSfõ th cd;Hka;r jYfhka

wjdis úh yels njhs' uf.a woyi jQfha igka úrdu .súiqu Tfya

;ndf.k fldá n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjkd YS>%;djhlska"

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjkd ia:dkj,g myr Èh hq;= njhs' ta w;f¾ flá

l,la ;=< wjika igkg iQodkï úh hq;= njhs' we;eïyq fldákag

myr§ug ìh jQy' wms m%udKj;a f,i iQodkï ke;ehs hkak o lshúKs'

t;ek § f.daGdNhf.a wêIaGdkh lemS fmKsk' fld<U;a" jkaksfha;a

tlúg fldákag fkdis;+ m%ydr jghla t,a, úh' t;eka isg

m%Ndlrkaf.a lkaKdä m%;sìïnh Tyqg yuqúh' ;ek iSud ke;s .ß,a,d

hqoaOh tys m%ldYlhdg tfrysj we/ôKs'

B<Õg m%Ndlrka udú,a wdrejg .sfha;a" f.daGdNh rdcmlaI uy;d

>d;kh i|yd W;aidy lf<a;a ish Wmdh ;jÿrg;a l%shdfõ kxjñks'

udú,awdre ch.%yKfhka miq idïmQ¾" lÜgmßÉpdka yd fjre.,a olajd

uq¿ ol=Kq ;%sl=Kdu,hu uqod.;a úg wdrlaId yuqod muKla fkdj

foaYmd,kfha kshe,S isá fndfyda fofkl=g o wd;au Yla;sh ,eìKs'

2006 cQ,s 26 isg wf.daia;= uq, ol=Kq ;%Su,fha § yd W;=re hdmk uqyuf,a

§ tlúg fldákaf.a oaú;aj m%ydrh mrdch lsÍfï uq,a i;sfol w;sYh

;SrKd;aul úh' ckdêm;s;=ud mlaI kdhl /iaùula le| jQ w;r"

156

hQ'tka'mSh yd úfYaIfhka uqia,sï fldx.%ih w÷re Ñ;%hla rgg ujd

fmkaùh' iqmqreÿ mßÈ c'ú'fm lSfõ yß iQodkula ke;sj wdKavqj igkg

f.dia we;s njhs' fï ms<sn|j Tjqka yd ckdêm;s;=ud w;r" jpk

yqjudrejla o we;s jQ nj miqj fy<s orõ úh' ta ÿIalr Èk lSmh ;=<

wêIaGdkh by<u ;;a;ajfha ;nd.; hq;= nj wfma woyi úh' ish,a,

jer§ .shd kï fpdaokdj tkafka r;k ysñhkag yd fy< Wreuhg nj

wms fyd¢kau jgydf.k isáfhuq'

hqoaOh wjidkh olajd fï pxp, Ndjhka úáka úg meje;sKs' ch.%yK

,nkúg udOH bÈßhg f.dia rKúre lS¾;sfhka m%Ndu;a jk wh

mrdcfha § yels;dla ie`.ù isáhy' jrla wkqrdOqmr .=jka l|jqrg

m%ydrhla t,a, ù wms uola miqnE úg ish¨ kd,sldj,g f.dia th uyd

miqneiSula fkdjkd nj meyeÈ,s lrkakg jQfha ugh' fndfyda fin¿ka

yd ks,OdÍka ug ÿrl;kfhka l;dlr hqoaOfha Wmdh ud¾.h .ek ud

l< ú.%yh .ek ug ia;=;s l<y' mqÿuh kï ud mßir weue;s f,i

cmdkfha § hiqIs wldIs yuqjQ úg wfma ;%sudk Wmdh ud¾.h .ek

(Demilitarization, Democratization, Development – 3D) mejiQ úg Tyq

th b;d by<ska we.ehSug ,lal< njh' íaá%hdfõ uydpd¾h .=ârka

wd§ idudkHfhka fldá ys;jd§ úoaj;=ka ixúOdkh l< ixjdohl § ud

m<l< woyia weiQ fndfyda fokd ^2007& lSfõ tajd b;d wdl¾YkSh

ixúOdkd;aul woyia yd tajd ;uka m<uqjrg wikd foa nj;ah' fldá

mrdch l< fkdyelsh hk u;fha isá fndfyda ngysr ;dkdm;sjre

^fndì íf,ala we;=¿& yd úoaj;=ka /ilg th wms lrkd nj ta;a;=

.ekaùug wmg yelsúh' fuhska úfYaI jQfha lSm úgla bkaÈhdfõ § yuq jQ

Tjqkf.a úoaj;a m%N+ msßia iu. we;s jQ ixjdohkah' wmj fudav *eisiaÜ

/<la f,i yxjvq .eiSug ;e;al< fndfyda fofkl=g ffioaOdka;slj o"

m%dfhda.slj o wms ms<s;=re iemhSuQ' wfma ixúOdkd;aul ixl,am yd

ie,iqï .ek Tjqka meye§ isáh o tajd m%dfhda.slj l%shd;aul l< yels o

hkak .ek Tjqka ish¨ fokdg úÑlsÉPdjka ;sìKs'

2007 jir uq,§u meyeÈ,s jQfha fldá iy úcd;sl n,fõ. wdKavqj

wia:djr lsÍug foaYmd,k m%ydrhla foñka isákd njh' wfma iajdñka

jykafia,d yd .syshka w;r" we;sjQ úfYaI idlÉPdjlska miq >Dcq f,i

wdKavqjg tlaù fldá úfrdaë igk Yla;su;a l<hq;= njg ;SrKh

lf<uq' ú,afma ysñhka ish wiqk mß;Hd. lf<a;a ix> wd{dj

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


157

l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ud md¾,sfïka;= .sfha;a ta wkqjh' ú,afma

ysñhkaf.a b,a,d wiaùu yd ud uka;%Sjrfhl= f,i m;aùfï .eiÜ

ksfõokh ksl=;a ùug .sfha tla Èkls' md¾,sfïka;=fõ Èjqreï §ug;a

fmr mßir yd iajdNdúl iïm;a weue;s f,i ckdêm;s;=ud bÈßfha

Èjqreï ÿkafkñ' uka;%S f,i md¾,sfïka;=fõ Èjqreï ÿkafka bkamiqjh'

^2007 fmnrjdÍ 01-02& md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ ug fmkS .sfha wkqr - ux., -

Y%Sm;s yd ;j;a lsysm fofkla hQ'tka'mSfhka meñKs msßi bÈßfm< wiqka

.ekSu .ek uy;a ydyQjla we;slrkd whqreh' jydu mshjr fkd.;fyd;a

;;a;ajh ;j;a W.%úh yels nj meyeÈ,s úh'

ux., iurùr uy;d iu. idlÉPd i|yd wka;sug .sh lKavdhug

uu;a wh;aùñ' árdka w,ia yd Woh .ïukams, uy;ajreka o tys úh'

Tyqf.a ;SrKh wdmiq yrjd .ekSug hï bvlvla fkd;snqKdu fkdfõ'

ielhl wdldrfhka m%Yakhla u;= jQ úg th m<uq fudfydf;a §u úi|d

fkd.;fyd;a ielfha ne,au ish¨ l%shdjkag fhduqù ielh ffjrh

njg;a" th m<s.ekSu njg;a m;afõ' ux., - Y%Sm;s m;ajQfha;a ta

;;a;ajhgh'

ud weue;s Oqrfha Èjqreï § fl,skau .sfha ckdêm;s f,alï ld¾hd,gh'

ta iqÿiq mqoa.,fhl= wud;HdxY f,alï moúh i|yd f;dard .ekSuggh'

neis,a rdcmlaI yd Woh .ïukams, uy;ajre iydhg isáhy' f;dard.;a

f,alï;=ud m;alr .ekSfuka miq mßir wud;HdxYhg wh;a ish¨ wK

mk;a" wdh;k" jHdmD;s wdÈh ms<sn| Èk folla wOHhkh lsÍfuka

miqj uu jevNdr .ekSu msKsi ld¾hd,hg .sfhñ'

ug ld¾hd,hla fkdùh' l=vd ld¾hd,hl ;djld,slj ,e`.=ï .;af;ñ'

ks, r: fkdùh' ks, r: f,i jdyk 23la l,ska isá weue;sjre /f.k

f.dia ;sìKs' Èjqreï ÿka Èkfha by< ud,hg hoa§ fmdÿ jeisls<sj,

ÿ¾.kaOfhka ld¾hd, msÍf.dia ;sìKs' uf.a m<uq ld¾hh jQfha fmdÿ

jeisls<s moaO;sh kùlrKh lsÍuh' thg ñ,shk .Kkla jeh úh'

kuq;a t<eUqKq wjqreÿ ksjdvqjg —f.or hk .uka˜ fndfyda jeisls<s"

leisls<s Wmdx. fiajlhska iu. f.or .sfha ud fldamhg;a" lïmdjg;a

m;alrjñks' ta w;f¾ wms lKavdhula f,i ld¾h uKav,hu WoEik

yuqù jev fnod.ekSu;a" miqÈk jev miqúmru;a lrf.k .sfhuq' iqN

m;kakka we;=¿ oyia .Kkla m<uq Èk lSmh ;=< je, fkdleã wdy'

158

fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,fha N+ úoHd W;aijhlg m%Odk wuq;a;d f,i

f.dia l< l;dj wid isá uydpd¾h Ydka; fykakdhl lSfõ fuh

ySkhla jeks njhs' fuf,i ;=gq mygq jQ oyia .Kkla rg mqrdu isáhy'

i;s lSmhlg miq cúfm mqj;am;la jd¾;d lf<a mßir weue;sf.a lEu

ì, remsh,a 20"000hs f,ihæ uila mqrd meñKs oyia .Kklg f;a meka

ix.%y lsÍfï iy Wfoa 7 isg rd;%S 10 olajd úúO wdh;k le|jñka ish¨

wdh;kj, ;;a;ajh ú.%y lrñka ld¾hd,fhau Ôj;a fjñka .;l<"

leml< ld,hg ,enqKq m<uq ms<s.ekSu th úh'

m<uq i;s lsysmh fuf,i f.ù .sfha fndrej<j,a" lgl;d" wekqïmo"

jHdc udOH m%pdr w;f¾h' ld¾hd,hla yd thg wjYH myiqlï

,nd.ekSug ks, jdyk myiqlu úêu;a lr.ekSu l=,S ksjila

fidhd.ekSu wd§ ld¾hhkag udi .Kkla .;úh' kuq;a ta w;f¾ §

rfgka 1$3l ^30]& N+ñ Nd.h yd iïm;a md,kh lrkd fï oejeka;

wud;HdxYh úêu;a ;,hlg f.ktkakg;a" rgmqrd ish¨ ia:dkj,g

f.dia ;;a;ajh isheiska oel.kakg;a" ta w;f¾ ish¨ Èidjkaj, mlaIh

iyuq,skau m%;s ixúOdkh lr.kakg;a wms iu;ajQfhuq' 2006 m<d;a

md,k Pkao ;r. lsÍfuka yd fjk;a lreKq ksid l,lsÍ isá msßia yd

kj msßia Èkdf.k mlaIh Yla;su;a lr.ekSu úfYaIfhka .syshka w;r"

ixúOdkd;aul lr.ekSug wms iu;a jQfhuq'

fm!oa.,slju ug m%Yak .Kkdjlg uqyqK fokakg isÿúh' ug wh;a

ksjila ;snqfKa fydaud.ug;a tyd udj;.uh' tys isg ld¾hd,hg taug

mehlg;a jvd .;fõ' WoEik ud¾. ;onoh ysirohls' fmd,sia ihsrka

.idf.k bvlv ,nd.ekSu uy;a wm%shldÍ tlla jQ w;r" wdrlaIdjg o

udrl úh' wdrlaIdj i|yd ud wkq.ukh lf<a yels;dla idudkH f,i

.uka ìuka hEu;a" W;aij u.yeÍu;a wkfmalaIs; f,i l%shdlsÍu;ah'

ug wfma wdrlaIl nqoaê wxYj, iydh o thg ,eìKs' ish,a,kaf.a

WmfoaYh jQfha mdró l=,;=x.g" o'uQ' oikdhlg jQjdfuka È.= ÿrla tlu

wdldrhg .uka lsÍu ksid urKh wm le|jd .kakd njh' ta wkqj wms

kdj,ska ksjila l=,shg .;af;uq' th wud;HdxYhg hEug;a orejka

mdi,a heùug;a myiq úh' ta i|yd wdKavqfjka ,enqKq remsh,a ,laIhl

udisl l=,sh ,nd.;sñ' tu.ska we;a;gu isÿjQfha uilg ld¾hd,hg

hEug yd taug jehjk remsh,a 60"000l muK bkaOk b;=re ùuh'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


159

uilg remsh,a ,laIh ne.ska" f.j,a l=,S .kakd weue;sjrfhl= f,i

uf.a ku tla;rd mqj;am;la uq,a msgqfõ m<lf<ah' ta jkúg remsh,a

,laIfha §ukdj remsh,a 50"000g;a" weue;s mäm; re'42"000g;a lmd

oud ;sìKs' uilg úÿ,s" c, ì,am;a iys;j remsh,a ,laIhla ,efí hehs

is;d l=,shg .;a ksjig ,efnkafka remsh,a 50"000ls' ta w;r uf.a

jegqm uu mlaIhg mß;Hd. lf<ñ' weue;s Oqr jeähs" Tjqkg iem

jeähs wd§ f,i úfõpk lrkd fndfyda md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jrekaf.a

jegqm remsh,a ,laIh blaujd ke;s nj jrla c'ú'fm uka;S% ìu,a

r;akdhlu ms<s.;af;ah' Tjqkg b;d wvq l=,shg rcfha ksjdi

udÈfj,ska ,nd§ we;s w;r" thg iudk ksjila lsisfia;a re'50"000lg

l=,shg .;yels fkdfõ' weu;s Oqrfhka isÿjQfha ud Khùu muKs' uf.a

ÿIalr ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lr.;a ys;j;=ka ;sfofkla uf.a úhoï

fkduiqrej oerej kuq;a" Kh nr Wiq,d.; fkdyelsj uu uf.a fudag¾

r:h úl=Kd oeïfuñ' weka'weï'g .sKsor fuda, fmkajd uv.id wirK

l< f,i foaYmd,kfhka yïn fkdl< we;a;kag lrkd widOdrK

úfõpkh .ek uq,§ lïmd jqK;a" miqj th ord.ekSug bgd.;sñ'

we;a;gu weue;s fyda ue;sjrekaf.a mäkä fyda bkaOk §ukdj, fkdj

m%Yakh we;af;a Tjqka fkdfhla wdldrfhka ,nd.kakd w,a,iaj, yd

fkdukd f,i rdcH wruqo,a fhdod.ekSu ;=<h' ldgqka w¢kd uv m%ydr

.ikd fndfyda udOHfõ§kg ue;s weue;Skg jvd mä jeäh'

weue;s Oqrfha B<`. kSri w;aoelSu jQfha udOH úfõpkhkah' wfma

uOHu mßir wêldßfha ks,OdÍkau f.dia —fnd,af.dv— m%foaYfha

kS;súfrdaë bÈlsÍï i|yd kvq mjrkq ,enQ w;r" tla;rd mqj;am;a

ysñfhla" rEmjdyskS fiajd whs;slrefjla" .=jka úÿ,s fiajhl úOdhl

ks,OdÍfhla tajdfha ú;a;s lrejka jQy' Tjqka fuhska" l=ms; jQ w;r"

È.gu rgmqrd .ia lefmkd nj;a" w,s uefrkd nj;a w`.jk jd¾;d È.g

yryg m<l<y' 1997 § w,s we;=ka ^W;=r yd kef.kysr yer& 197

fofkl= ñh.sh w;r" 2007 § ^kef.kysr o we;=¿j& ñh.sfha 189ls'

kuq;a udOH jd¾;d fmkajQfha ysá yeáfha w,s ñhhk wdldrhlah'

tla;rd mqj;am;la Èkm;du w,s ñhhk o¾Yk m<lf<a ish

foaYmd,ksl ffjrh msßuid .ekSu i|ydh'

w,s we;=ka fírd.ekSu i|yd wm Èh;a l< —.c ñ;=frda˜ jHdmdrh u.ska

1982-2007 ld,fha bÈl< ls'ó' 620l úÿ,s jeg m%udKhg jeä m%udKhla

160

2007-2009 ld,fha ^ls'ó' 680& bÈl< nj fulS udOH ljodj;a jd¾;d

lf<a ke;' jxpd ¥IK lr w;ayer oud ;snQ Wvj,j WoHdkh

kùlrKh lr m%;sIaGdmkh lf<a;a" j;=r ke;sj w,s uefrkjd hehs

lshQ ¨Kq.ïfjfyr wka;su fudfydf;a fjfyr., jHdmdrh hgf;a

kùlrKh lf<a;a wm hgf;ah' fldákau jir 60la l=,shg isg jir

08la ld¾hd,hlg bvula ke;sj j,au;aù isá jkÔú

fomd¾;fïka;=jg kùK;u ld¾hd,hla ,ndÿkafka udh' fjkod jk

WoHdkj," ksjdij, i;s .Kka ,e`.=ï f.k iem .kakd weue;s

ks,OdÍ iïm%odh fjkia lsÍug ug fndfyda wr., lrkakg isÿúh'

iqNodhS m%jD;a;s M, fkdlsÍfï mqÿu iïm%odhla wmg ;sfí' ysgmq

weue;sjre fuka ;ukag úfYaI ie,ls,a,la fkdolajdhs hehs WrK jQ

udOHfõÈfhl= wuQ,sl wi;Hhka bßod mqj;am;l msgqmqrd w;yßkakg

úh' fld<U by< .Kfha m%N+ka ;ukg ßis f,i WoHdkj, kej;Sug

fkd,eîu .ek ud iu. WrK jQy' Tjqk o lf<a mßir m%Yak ms<sn|j

úoHQ;a ;emE, yd bx.%Sis mqj;am;a u.ska ud yg m%ydr t,a, lsÍuh'

fldákau ueKsla .eÍu .ek fpdaokd ,;a wfma fiajl uyf;la o

WoHkj, uy;a mßir ydkshla fj;ehs m%pdrhla f.k .sfhah' jkÔù

fomd¾;fïka;=jg me< imhd tajdg uqo,a fkd,eîu ksid o" je,s

.ekSug bv fkdÿka ksid o l=ms; jQ fofofkla jrla ßá., § ug

úreoaOj Woaf>daIKhla ixúOdkh lrkd ,È' miqj udOHfõ§ka

bÈßfhau Tjqka ;ukaf.a we;a; úfrdaOh mdfmdÉpdrKh lrkd ,È'

kuq;a udOH m<lf<a úfrdaOh muKls' tfukau jrla —ßá.,— lkao

.,afldßhlg § we;s njg o jd¾;d m<úh' fidhdne,Sfï § fmkS .sfha

thska ie;mqï 12la wE; jir 05la me/Ks .,a j<la .ek m%jD;a;shla

njhs' ,xldfõ nyq;rhla udOH idOdrK fkdjk úfõpk f.k t;s'

;ukg jdis we;s whg hyñka m%pdrh fo;s' ks;ru krl W¨mamd

olaj;s' we;eï úg wuQ,sl wi;Hh m;=rej;s' fuh udOH meisiaÜjdohhs'

wud;HdxYh úêu;a lsÍu i|yd mshjr lSmhla .;sñ' mßir wud;HdxYh

fndfydaÿrg fiiq wud;HdxY fukau ks,OdÍkaf.a rc oykla ù ;sìKs'

th fjkialsÍu uf.a m%Odk ld¾hh úh' thg ndOl lSmhla ;sìKs'

tlla kï mßirh i|yd úúO úfoaY wdOdr" jHdmD;s yd YsIH;aj wdÈh

,eî ;snQ ksid th fndfydaÿrg fï wdOdr wdh;kj, ñ;=re iudchla ù

;sîuh' uq¿ wud;HdxYfhau jHqyhka ieliS ;snqfKa ta wkqjh' m;,a

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl

161

leKSï ld¾hdxYh jeks wdh;k jHdmdßlhkaf.a;a" oej ixia:dj jeks

wdh;k foaYmd,k fldka;%d;alrejkaf.a;a" jkÔù fomd¾;fïka;=j

fld<U jk f,da,Skaf.a;a .%yKfha meje;sKs' fojeks ndOlh jQfha

foaYmd,khhs' hQ'tka'mShg ys;e;s fldgia fldhs fudfydf;a fyda

wdKavqj jeÜgùu i|yd fya;= iliñka isáhy' c'ú'fm msßia jev j¾ck

lsÍug fyda cd;sl fy< Wreuhg fyda ug mqoa.,sl m%ydrhla t,a,

lsÍug fyda iE§ meye§ isáhy' Y%S','ks'mfha wh ;ukaf.a ñksfyla

weue;s fkdùu ksid fm;aiï heùug hqyqiq¿ úh' fldfydu;a" jD;a;Sh

iñ;sj, m%;spdrh mj;akd l%uhg /yeks tlla úh' my< fY%aKsj,

whf.a idOdrK b,a,Sula mjd l,a ouñka hg .ikd ks,OdÍjd§

;;a;ajhla ;sìKs' m<d;a md,k Pkaoh b,a,Su ksid fiajfhka fkrmk

,o c'ú'fm idudðlhka msßilg /lshd ,nd§ug ug jir tlyudrla

ks,OdÍka yd .efgkakg isÿúh' wfma jHdmD;shl jir 05la isá fiajl

msßila Wlyd.kakg jirla l%shd l<;a" fkdyels úh' ta w;r"

úoHd;aul fiajh" wud;HdxY fiajh" úoHd wOHdmkh ,enQjka yd

fkd,enQjka msáka meñKs wh we;=<ska meñKs wh f,i" fNaohla

meje;sKs'

uu m<uqj fcHIaG;ajh fjkqjg l=i,;djh y÷kajd ÿksñ' th

fcHIaGhskaf.a úfõpkhg ,lajqj o l=i,;djh we;s ;reK msßiaj,g

jeä j.lSula ,nd ÿksñ' B<`.g l=i,;djh we.hSfï l%ufõohla we;s

lf<ñ' th by< isg my<g o" my< isg by<g o f,i l%u follg

isÿlf<ñ' wdh;k w;r" ñ;% ;r.hla njg th m;alf<ñ' ksjdvq

,nd§ï" úfoia .;ùï iSud lsÍu ksid úYd, úfrdaO;d we;s jqj o jeä

jeäfhka w¨;a wjia:d ,nd§fuka úfrdaO;d iukh flßKs' jrla

300lg wêl jkÔú fomd¾;fïka;=fõ msßila úfoaY mqyqKqjg heùug

wOHlaIl ckrd,a l< b,a,Sug lkaÿkafka Tjqkg th lsisod

fkd,efnk nj oek isá ksidh' úfoaY ixpdr" ks;ru wdh;k yd

wdh;k m%OdkSka w;r fnod.ekSfï iïm%odh ì| oeuqfjñ'

uf.a fojeks b,lalh jQfha wruqo,aj,ska iajhx fmdaIs; ùuhs' 2007

jif¾ ug jev lrkakg jqfKa ta jkúg;a whjefhka fjkajQ wruqo,a

hgf;ah' wfma wdh;kj, wdodhï jeälsÍfuka o" fiajd ld¾hlaIu

lsÍfuka o" kj wdodhï fidhd .ekSfuka o 2008 § wfma wud;HdxYfha

ish¨ wdh;kj, ish¨ úhoï wmsu fidhd .kak;a" 2009 § wud;HdxYh


162

,dNodhS lrkakg;a iu;a jqfkñ' N+ñf;,aj,ska" lsßmsáj,ska" mdkamsá

mßmamqj,ska ,efnkd nÿj,ska hefmkd wud;HdxYhla fkdjk nj

wdvïnrfhka lSfjñ'

jev j¾ck i|yd uu oeä m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lf<ñ' wud;HdxYh

;=< cúfm jD;a;Sh iñ;s m%n,j ;snqK o 2007 yd 2008 tl÷ jev

j¾ckhla j;a id¾:l fkdùh' 2008 iuia; uyd jev j¾ckh od

meñKSu fjkodg;a jvd fyd| ù 99] blaujd ;sìKs'

uyck m%;spdr i|yd o blauka l%shdoduhla we/öñ' —1991˜ yÈis

ÿrl;kh y÷kajd ÿka w;r—weue;s .ug— hgf;a ish¨ Èia;%slalj,g

.sfhñ' wjidkfha wmg ord.; fkdyels ;rï meñKs,s .,d wd w;r"

wfma wud;HdxYhg wh;a ke;s meñKs,s mjd wmg fhduqj ;sìKs' fï

ksid fl,skau ck;dj w;rg hd hq;=hehs is;d mdi,a" rcfha wdh;k"

mqoa.,sl wdh;k" frday,a" jevìï" .ïudk wdÈh fj;g >Dcqj f.dia

úúO jevigyka Èh;a lf<ñ' wms fkdoek isá w¨;a ckldhla wmg

yuqúKs' w¨;a m%Yak o ta iu.u u;=ù wdfõh'

úfYaI jHdmD;s .Kkdjla o Èh;a lf<ñ' thska uQ,slu wx.h jQfha

—ms<sire— cd;sl li< l<ukdlrK jHdmD;shhs' li< l<ukdlrKh

wmg wh;a úIhla fkdùh' wfma j.lSu jQfha m<d;a md,k wdh;k tlS

j.lSu bgqfkdlrk úg kvq mejÍuh' uu thg Tífnka f.dia m<d;a

md,k wud;HdxYh yd m<d;a iNd iu. tlaù —ms<sire— f.k wdfjñ'

íüeKav,a we;=¿ l=Kq l÷ .Kkla ksÍlaIKh l< ug fmkS .sfha

frday,a wmøjH" ridhksl wmøjH" úoHQ;a wmøjH idudkH li< iu.

l=Kq l÷j,g tk njh' uu jydu frday,a wmøjH iïnkaOfhka kj

kS;s f.k wdfjñ' jydu ug tfrysj Tjqka ke`.S isáhy' kuq;a"

wjidkfha Tjqka ish,af,da wfma ;Skaÿj,g tl`. jQy' fldDcqj l%shd lf<ñ' jHdmdr i|yd mdßißl

n,m;%h wksjd¾h lf<ñ' ,ehsia;= ;=klg tajd .eiÜ lr ridhksl fyda

fjk;a wmøjH mßirhg tlaùu je<elaùug mshjr .;sñ' fuh b;d

wudrefjka jHdmdr lrf.k .sh whg krlg n,mEfõh' tfukau

we;eïúg mqoa.,sl ;ry i|yd o fhdod.kakd ,È' ta wjia:dj, § m%Yakh

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


163

wjfndaO lr.kakd f,i;a" wêl ¥IKh iy wêl ,dN iys; wdh;k

i|yd oeäj kS;sh l%shd;aul lrkd f,i;a" ksfhda. ,ndÿksñ' fï ksid

we;eï m%fldaám;shka ud iu. WrK úh'

úoHQ;a wmøjH m%;spl%ShlrKh i|yd kj mßir ixrlaIK nÿ l%uhla

y÷kajd ÿksñ' ,xldfõ uq,ajrg úoHQ;a wmøjH tla lsÍu i|y

l%ufõohla ilia lsÍug o wmg yelsúh' bj;,k cx.u ÿrl;k negß"

úÿ,s ,dïmq" mß.Kl" iS'ã' ;eá wd§ fndfyda foa i|yd w¨;a m%;sm;a;s

ilia lf<ñ' we;eï n,j;=ka wêlrKfha n,fhka o wfma kj Í;s

md,kh lrkakg wdjo wm fkdie,S isàu ksid wêlrKhg o fjkia

jkakg isÿúh'

uq, § ug ye`.S .sfha ,xldfõ li< m%Yakh úi£ug fkdyels" uqo,a yd

;dlaIKh fkdue;s ksid njh' wms uqo,a yd ;dlaIKh fidhd.;a úg

fmkS .sfha bvï yd foaYmd,k w.;sh m%Odk fya;+ka njh' kd.ßl

ixj¾Okfha § li< i|yd bvï y÷kdf.k fjka fkdlsÍu;a" kd.ßl

ie,iqï l%shd;aul fkdlsÍu;a" j.=re ìï l=Kq oud f.dv lsÍu rcfha o

mqoa.,sl wxYfha o fmdÿ m%;sm;a;sh ùu;a fuhg fya;+ f,i y÷kd .;sñ'

leìkÜ uKav,fha .;a ;SrK mjd úúO wdh;kj, lU we§ï ksid udi

.Kka l,a .sfhah' ckdêm;s ksfhda. mjd fkd;ld yeßKs' kuq;a" uu

W;aidyh w;a fkdyeßfhñ' È.ska È.gu fmdr ne£u ksid íüeKav,a"

lrÈhdk" fmdfydrj;a;" fldf<dkakdj jeks oejeka; l=Kq l÷ i|yd

l<ukdlrK jevigyka y÷kajd§ug yelsúh' fndfyda m<d;a md,k

wdh;kj,g bvï ,nd§ug" tajd y÷kd.ekSug yelsúh' ug bjish

fkdyels jQfha úêu;a li< l<ukdlrKhla y÷kajd §ug hkúg

u;=lrkd mgq foaYmd,k úfrdaOhhs' íüeKav,a l=Kq lkao we;sjqfKa

1991 isgh' tys há wruqK jQfha f;;aìu f.dvlr úl=Kd .ekSuhs' 1997

§ mdÿlal m%foaYfha li< r|jkhla .ek fhdackdjla úh' le,Ks .`.

li<j,ska /l.ekSu i|yd ish,a,ka tlaù tlS fhdackdj mrdch lrkd

,È' bkaÈl .=Kj¾Ok yd lre chiQßh uy;ajre B<`. Pkaoh i|yd

li< wmyrK fhdackdj w;ayßkq ,eîh' m%;sM,h jQfha íüeKav,a ys

li< lkaola we;s ù tys wmc,h le,Ks .`. Èf.a lS'ó' 30-40la o

mdÿlal olajd .uka lsÍuhæ uu kï ks;ru lSfõ B<`. Pkaoh fkdj

B<`. mrmqr fjkqfjka ud l%shdlrkd njhs'

164

jk w,ska iqrlaIs; lsÍu i|yd ia:dms; l< —.c ñ;=frda˜ úfoaY YdL

bj;a lr foaYSh YdL m%p,s; lsÍug f.k wd —fy< ;=re úhk˜

c,fmdaIl l÷lr m%foaY jkdka;r lsÍu i|yd f.k wd —.sß ;=re úhk˜"

oej ixia:djg y÷kajd ÿka kj —oej cjh˜ jdKsc ie,eiau" m;,a leKSu

ld¾hdxYh msì§u i|yd f.k wd —rka forK— jev igyk" —yß;

.ïudk—" —mshlre mqrjr— wd§ jHdmD;s 10la Èh;a lf<ñ' úfYaIfhka

m;,a leKSï ld¾hdxYh m%:ujrg ^1992 tys msysgqùfuka miq&

NdKavd.drhg uqo,a hjkd wdh;khla lsÍu;a ^2008 ñ,shk 500& wuq

øjH f,i Lksc msgrg fkdhjd furg l¾udka; we;s lsÍfï

m%;sm;a;sh;a" remsh,a 15"000g .sh je,s lshqí tl remsh,a 6"000 f.k wd

ukïmsáh je,s jHdmD;sh;a kj m%fõYhla úh' Lksc yd je,s l¿.,a

ksid ;dkdm;sjrekaf.a isg .fï f.dfâ pkaãka yd ¥Is; foaYmd,lhska

fmd,sia ks,OdÍka iu. ksrka;rfhka .efgkakg ug isÿúh' m;,a yd

Lksc ld¾hdxYh ud Ndrhg tkúg tys fiajlfhda folg fn§ isáhy'

¥IKh yeu w;u úh' uu jD;a;Sh uÜgfï iNdm;sjrfhla yd wOHlaI

ckrd,ajrfhla m;a lf<ñ' wdh;kh úkhdkql+, lf<ñ' wdodhï jeä

lf<ñ' 2006 § ud Ndr.kakg fmr ñ,shk 246la jQ tys wdodhu 2008 §

ñ,shk 491la olajd jeä lf<ñ' wd¾Ól w¾nqoh ksid 2009 b,lal

,nd.; fkdyels jqj;a wms ñ,shk 625la rchg heõfjuq' ukïmsáfha

ÿ.S ckhdg muKla ñ,shk 250la muK ,ndÿkafkuq' l=,shg ;snQ

uQ,ia:dkh ñ,§ .ekSug lghq;= lf<ñ' úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK i|yd

fjku wdh;khla hlal, msysgqjQfjñ' hdmkh yd uvl<mqfõ isg

m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd, cd,hla we;s lf<ñ' oej ixia:dj o iïmQ¾Kfhka

m%;sks¾udKh lf<uq' oej ixia:dfõ wdodhu 2006 ñ,shk 2155lajQ w;r"

th 2008 § 3141 lrkakg wms iu;aùuq' úfYaIfhka oej ixia:dfõ

ksIamdok jQ úÿ,s lKq m%udKh ìxÿfõ isg 50"000 olajd o" is,amr

m%udKh ìxÿfõ isg 100"000 olajd o" w,sjeg lKq m%udKh ìxÿfõ isg

27"000 olajd o by< oeuQfjñ' oej ixia:dfõ .nvd yd WmlrK

iyuq,ska kùlrKh lrkakg o iu;aùñ' wms úÿ,sn, uKav,hg úÿ,s

lKq imhk úg Tjqka tajd f.kajñka isáfha fkda¾fõ ráks' is,amr o"

wm%sldfjka yd fjk;a rgj,ska wdkhkh flfrñka ;sìKs' fï ksid fï

jHdmdrj,ska ,dN ,nd.kakjqka yd ks;r .eàï we;slr.kakgo isÿúh'

wod< weue;sjre fofmd< fl,ska fkdisákakg we;eï ks,OdÍka

ish,a, wjq,a lrkakg o bv ;sìKs'

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


165

wud;HdxYhla ¥IKj,ska f;drj mj;ajd .ekSu .ek o" rcfha jdKsc

wdh;k nxfldf,d;a jk hq.hl tajd ,dN ,nk ;r.ldÍ wdh;k

lsÍug yelsùu .ek o kj wd¾Ólhla .ek is;kd fï hq.fha wfma

wdo¾Yh ldg;a wdo¾Yhls'

mßir wud;HdxYfha ;snQ jeo.;au wx.h tys cd;Hka;r udkhhs' wfma

´fidaka tallfha wOHlaI iqu;smd, uy;df.a olaIlu ksid tlS

udkhg <`.djQfha cd;sl ´fidaka tallh muKs' ´fidaka úhk /lSu

i|yd fyd|u l%shdldÍl;ajh fjkqfjka iïudkh 2007 § ,xldjg

,enqKq w;r" lekvd ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha iqÿ j¾.jd§ka yd fou<

cd;sjd§ka th ,nd .ekSfï W;aijhg hEug ug wjia:dj ÿkafka ke;'

uu udf.a úfrdaOh lekvd w.ue;sg tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iuq¿jl § yuqù

oelajQfjñ' miqj uu talÉPkaofhka ´fidaka úhk /l.ekSu i|yd jQ

—úhdkd iïuq;sfha˜ iNdm;s njg m;aùñ' foaY.=K úm¾hdih f,dfõ

m%Odk f;audj jknj oekf.k ta i|yd cd;sl f,alï ld¾hd,hla

msysgqùñ' ldnka fjf<|du m%p,s; lsÍu i|yd cd;sl ldnka wruqo,

msysgqùñ' fïjd ish,a,u fndfyda mud ù isÿl< foa jqj;a" wmf.a

wkd.;h fjkqfjka isÿl< foa fjhs' ud úiska" f.fkkd ,o mdßißl

Kh ngysr cd;Ska f.úh hq;=h hk oelau;a" ;srir ixj¾Okh ueKSfï

kj o¾Ylh;a úoaj;=ka w;r" yd ÿ.S rgj, úpdrhg yiqúh' wmg y`vla

ke;s nj y÷kdf.k id¾la iuq¿fõ fmdÿ y`vla we;s lrkakg;a" f;;a

jkdka;r ikaOdkhg we;=¿ jkakg;a" l=vd Èjhska ikaOdkfha

ksÍlaIlfhl= jkakg;a l%shd lf<ñ' lk.dgqjg fuka wfma úfoaY

wud;HdxYfha we;eï ks,OdÍka wmg ksis iydh ÿkafka ke;' Tjqkg

mßir m%Yakfha cd;Hka;r udkh fmkqfKa ke;' tfy;a" tla;rd bßod

mqj;am;lg fldamkafya.ka iuq¿j ^2009& i|yd ksfhdað;hka m;alr

ke;s njg jQ m%jD;a;sh kï ÿkafka úfoaY wud;HdxYfha f,dl=

ks,Odßfhlsæ fndfyda ÿ.S rgj,a fmdai;a rgj, wdOdr m;df.k Tjqka

úfõpkh fkdlr fvd,¾ ys`.ufka h;a § uu iEu úgu i;Hh

fjkqfjka" idOdrKh fjkqfjka fmkS isáfhñ' fï ksidu ngysr

rgj, ys;jd§ka Tjqkf.a we;eï iuq¿j,g ug wdrdOkd lsÍfuka

je<lS isàug mßiaiï jQy' ta w;r" ;j;a rgj,a ud w§k kdhlfhl=

f,i ms<s.;af;dah' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a mßir iuq¿j wu;d uu 2008

fmnrjdÍ 18 l< l;dj iu. wm oYl .Kkla ,xldfõ isÿl< ixjdoh

166

cd;Hka;r ;,hg f.k .sfhuq' ta ish,a, w;f¾ ÈhqKq rgj, foaYmd,k

jxpdfjka uq¿ f,dalhu wk;=f¾ jefgkd wdldrh;a" wms cd;Hka;r

;,hg hEug oYlhlska muK mud ùu;a" .ek we;sjk lk.dgqj

yeuúgu ud is; fj,d .;af;ah' udOH m%pdrfhka miqmig .sh;a we;a;

ÈhqKqj me;af;ka mßir wud;HdxYh wdo¾Y wud;HdxYhla lrkakg

yelsùu ch.%yKhlg jeä fohla f,i i,lñ'

2009 j¾Ih werUqfKau iqN wdrxÑ iu.h' ckjdÍ 01 od isg 09 jeksod

olajd jQ ld,h ;=< udkal=,fï isg w,suxlvg fldákaf.a ks, w.kqjr

jQ ls,sfkdÉÑh" Wmdh ud¾.sl jYfhka b;du jeo.;a jQ mrka;ka o

iu. jQ m%foaY w;alr.kakg wfma yuqod iu;a úh' 2000§ w,suxlv

jeàu;a iu. wm we;sl< cd;sljd§ foaYmd,kfha WÉP iajrh 2009§

w,suxlv h<s fkdjefgkakg w,a,d .ekSu úh' fomiska meñK m%ikak

yd Yfõkaø yuqod kdhlhka w,suxlv§ tlajk o¾Ykh ú|.;af;a l÷¿

msÍ fofk;sks' wkqrdOmqrfha ryfia j<ouk ,o w,suxlv

fÄojdplfhka ñh.sh orejkag hqla;sh bgqjqfKa todh'

2009 ud¾;= 08 od rfÜ m%p,s; fcH;sI{fhla odk f.orl§ yuqjqfkñ'

Tyq lSfõ wo ;shqKq .%y udrejla we;sjk njh' we;eï wh m%Ndlrka wo

ñh hk nj lSj o th miqj isÿjk nj fyf;u lSfõh' miqÈk hqo ìfï

isákd wfma ñ;=frl=g l;d lr ;;a;ajh úuiqfjñ' fcH;sIfõÈhdf.a

.%yudre l;dj o lSfjñ' Tyq fõokdfjka lSfõ Bfha yd fmf¾od wmg

oreKq m%ydr t,a, jQ njh' wms wdmiaig .sh nj o lshúKs' uu r;a

jqfKñ' fldá h<s;a mrK fi,a,u oud wmj ì| ouhs o hk ielh

we;súh' jydu Wv hg úúO wxYj,g l;d lf<ñ' ;;a;ajh md,kh lr

we;s nj oek.ekSfuka miqjh tÈk ug kskao .sfha'

wfm%a,a 05 od wdkkaomqr igkska ;Smka ñh.sh nj;a" fiiq kdhlhska

mq;=ud;,ka n,d m,d.sh nj;a" jd¾;d úh' ;Smka fldákaf.a hqo

kdhlhdh' oeka b;ska fldá wjidkh lrd meñK we;s nj ug yßhgu

yoj;g jegysKs' kQ;k úð;r mqr igk f,i wdkkao mqr igk fmkajd

mqj;am;lg ,smshla ,Sfjñ'

uehs 11 od È.gu uu isáfha hqo uqla; l,dmfha isÿjk foa .ek

Wkkaÿfjks' tl È.g ÿrl;k u.ska wfma ys;j;=kaf.ka rKìfï

f;dr;=re .ksñks' m%ikakf.a fiakdxl jâvqjd,a Èh mekakqu mek

mdG,S pïmsl rKjl


167

W;=rg f.dia Ifõkaøf.a fiakdxl iu. tlajQjdh hkak ñysß;u

mqj;la úh' wm okakd b;sydifha m%:u jrg uqyqÿ fjrf<a yeu w`.,lu

whs;sh wmg ,eìKs' todu ̂ uehs 14& wdpd¾h md,s; fldydk yd wdpd¾h

úchdkkao tlai;a cd;Skag wfma uqyqÿ iSudfõ kj whs;sh ms<sn| o;a;

igyka Ndr ÿkafkah' oYl .Kkla mud jQ fï ld¾hhg wfma N+ úoHd

ld¾hdxYfha N+ úoHd{hska iïnkaO ùu;a" ksrka;rfhka Tjqka iu.

f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍu;a isÿlr .;af;ñ' wfma orejkag ;j l,lska

fyda ,efnkd kj uqyqÿ iïm;a whs;sh .ek m%fndaOhg m;ajqfkñ' TGS

fkdafmla wdh;kh wmg ukakdrï fødaKsfha o;a; fkd§ isàug W;aidy

l< wjia:dfõ tajd ,nd .ekSug wm l< wr.,h o isysúh' rfÜ f;,a

iïm; fkda¾fõ cd;slhkag mjrd ÿka rks,af.a 2002 fmnrjdß 12 orK

f;,a iïm;a .súiqu fy<slr" th k;r lsÍug mqfrda.dó jQfhao wmh' th

wmg fmkajd ÿka ls%ia O¾ulS¾;sjo isyslrkafka lD;{mQ¾jljh'

tfukau" wfma rg fuka 23 .=Khla úYd, id.r N+ñ m%foaYhl wfkal

iïm;a u;= mrmqrg fkdfõoehs is;d rKúre ch.%yKh orejkaf.a

úch.%yKhla nj oek i;=gq jqfKuq'

uehs 15 jeksod wms neis,a rdcmlaIhkaf.a ld¾hd,fha yuq ù úch.%yKh

ieuÍfï wdldrh .ek idlÉPdjla meje;ajQfhuq' mshjr lSmhlska th

isÿlsÍug bgd .;af;uq' md¾,sfïka;=j wu;d lrk m%ldYh" ck;d

iurej" yuqod ixo¾Ykh wd§ f,i th ukdj ixúOdkh flßKs' tÈk

ijiajrefõ § uf.a cx.u ÿrl;khg fou< ikaOdk uka;%S flfkla

mKsjqvhla tjd ;sìKs' ta fldá kdhlhska hg;aùug iQodkï njh' uu

th neis,a rdcmlaI uy;dg oekajQfhñ' ta jkúg Tyqj ;j;a lSm

fofkla iïnkaO lrf.k ;sìKs' fuh Wmdhla úh yels njg ielhla

o mej;sKs' miqj jd¾;d jqfKa kkaÈlvd,a l,mqj yryd m,dhkakg orE

W;aidyh jH¾: jQ njh' tlai;a ckmo yuqodj,g cd;Hka;r r;=

l=reih yryd Ndr ùug fldá kdhlhska oerE W;aidyh o jHh¾:

flßKs'

ckdêm;s;=ud ch.%dySj uõìug iem;a jQ uehs 17 jeksod uu o

.=jkaf;dgqm<g .sfhñ' uu idudkHfhka fujeks W;aij mq¿jka ;rï

u. yßkafkñ' kuq;a" yoj;a m%S;sfhka To jeã ;sìKs' uõìu ism bÈßhg

tk t;=udg bÈßhg f.dia wdpdr lf<ñ' t;=ud jydu ud je<| f.k

b;d WKqiqï f,i zwms ÈkqïZ hehs lSfõh'

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පටිසෝතගාමීව තිස් වසක් -චම්පික රණවකයන්