2(1)

-

2014

ISSN 1829-3980

2(1), 2014Journal of Genocide Studies

2013 2(1), 2014

, . . . (. ) , . ..(. ) , . . . , . . . , . . . , . . .

, . . . , . . . , . .. , . .. , . .. , . .. , . ..

, : -. ., 2014. - 160

- , , 0028. (+374 10) 39 09 81, . handes@genocide-museum.am

, 2014

2(1), 2014

31

( )

- - :

- 1878-1914. -, , - , - 1,5 , 1:

2 1878-1914. - , . - , , : , , - - :

. h 1913-14. - , - 3 - :

1 , McCarthy Justin, Armenian Terrorism: History as a Poison and Antidote, Louisville Univer-sity, Kentucky, USA, Proceedings of Symposium on International Terrorism, Ankara University Press, 1984, 91:2 : ( ), (), (), (): , , , , , , , , :

, ( , . 2, -, , ., 1995, 239-242): 3 ( ., 1914-1915 , , , 2000, 207-224):

32

. 1878-1914.

16- 4: 19- 30-60- . : 1875. - , - , , , ( ) 5: 1877-78. - , :

1880- . 4 , 20 142 : 1) . 7 - , , , , , , 2) , , , , 3) - . , , ( ), , 4) , , , - 6:

1888. , , , - (1890- . ): 7:

. 1) . 9 - , , , , , , , -. 2) , 5- , , ( - ), . 3) , , , 8:

8 , 1) - ( , , , ). 2) (- , , ). 3) - ( ). 4) ( ). 5) ( ). 6) ( ). 7) ( ) ( ). 8) ( - )9:

4 1533. , 1864 . : 5 Krikorian Mesrob K, Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire: 1860-1908, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1977 39:6 ., , , 1891, 13:7 Birken A., Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches, Wiesbaden, Reichert, 1976, 147:8 ., , . , , , 1913, 11:9 ., , , , , , , . , . . -, 1911, 261:

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.

1878-1914. - .

1. 1880. 49,599 ( )10:2. 1887. 106,768 11:3. 1881/82-1893. 109,808 12: 4. 1906. 118,169 13: 5. 1914. 136,618 14:

1. 1878-1914.15

1887. 1881/82-1893. 1906. 1914.

. . . h. . . . .

1 67,792 44,591 36,342 80,933 39,926 37,788 77,714 97,744

2 31,091 9,926 9,334 19,260 12,161 11,481 23,642 25,462

3 7,885 5,228 4,387 9,615 4,183 3,740 7,923 13,412

4 - - - - 5,002 3,888 8,890 -

106,768 109,808 118,169 136,618

- : , , - 20%-16:

10 British Documents on Ottoman Armenians, vol. 2, Ankara, Trk Tarih kurumu, 1983, 129: 11 1887 . British Consular Trade Report , . , 7%- ( ..., . , .2, , . , 1910, 532): 12 Karpat Kemal H., Ottoman population 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Wiscon-sin, The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, 124: 6,730 , 1,940 ( ): 13 , 162. 6,870 , 1,989:14 , 170. 8,720 , 2,241:15 :16 , , 1914. 163,218- ( McCarthy Justin, Muslims and Minorities. The Population of Ottoman Anatolia and the End of the Empire, N.Y. University Press, 1983, 77): , :

34

, - - : 1914. 1915. 30- - 17:

2.

1914.

1915.

,%

1

10,046 12,914 28,5

2

556 655 17,8

3

904 1,111 22,8

4

3,195 6,034 88,8

5

4,202 7,732 84,0

18,903 28,446 50,4

, , - , - 50%- , :

.

1. .

1878-1914. :

, . 1878-80. - , 1880.

17 , , (-, , .) 1914-1915., , "", 1915, 68:

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35

- , 134,000 18 (1881. ` 136,147 )19:

1902. - 20: 203,400 21:

1912. - - , 1882 1912. : - 1882. 280,00022, 1912. 215,000 23:

1913-14.: - 24 202,389 25:

18 110,000, 10,000, 1,000, 10,000, 3,000 ( British documents..., 83): . 1878-80. : . 31,200, 3,000, 8,350, 12,000, 18,000, 13,000, 6,500, () 1,100 ( ., , .2, , ., 1982, 479-514):19 118,763, 9,056, 659, ( ) 7,669 ( , ( . i (26 1912 .-10 1914 .), , , 1915, 273): 20 1906. ( van den Steen de Jehay F., De La Situation Legale des Sujets Ottomans Non-Musulmans, Bruxelles, Oscar Schepens & Co, 1906, 51 ( )), 1910 . :21 190,000, 9,500, 3,900 ( ., . ., 261):22 ( Population Armenienne da la Turquie avant la Guerre. Statistics etablies par le Patriarcat Armenien de Constantinople, 1920, 9):23 , , ., . , 1922, 261 ( 3):24 1913-14. : ( Kevorkian Raymond H., Paboudjian Paul B., Les Ar-meniens dans lEmpire Ottoman a la veille du genocide. Editions dArt et dHistoire ARHIS, Paris, 1992): 25 , 59, 417-460: 1913 . ( 12-31), ( ., , , , , , 1925, 86):

1914. . : 1914 . , - : . 196,230,

36

3. , 1878-1914.

1880. 1882. 1902-10. 1912. 1914.

1

- - 152,500 163,000 138,526

2

- - 35,700 32,000 37,612

3

- - 15,200 20,000 26,251

136,147 280,000 203,400 215,000 202,389

- (203,000-215,000 ) 1,5 (136,618 ) - , - , -26:

2.

, , . , - :

` 1879. - 170,000 27: 1880. 15- - , 17,900 28: , -

5,723- ( ., . - 1914 , . i . . , 1914, 68). . (2,821 ) - 200,278 :

. . - 1913-14. ( ., . ., 221): 26 , , 1878-80. 1913-14. : : 27 ., , ., . .. , 1911, 49 ( 4):28 , , 1880., 15/27 ( 4):

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37

29: - , - , : 8, 5-6 , 7 30:

. 1880. 176,490 31: 32 , - , 33 - :

1890. , - - . , ` 420,000 34:

1912. , - , , - 1909. : - : - 159,593 35:

29 :30 , 1881., 5/17: 1880- . : , (1881.) 17,200 , 10,600, 5,100 1,500 : , , ( ., , , 1882, h. 40, 291: British docu-ments..., 131): 31 ., , , . . . , 1881, 29-35 ( 4):32 : 33 , , , , :34 . ., , , . . , 1890, 44 ( 4): , , , 1878 1889 , , ( , ):35 -, , , , . , 1912, 226-227 ( 4):

38

4. 1878-1914.

1879.,.

120,000 50,000 170,000

1880.,.

12,800 ()36

1,500 ()37

3,600 ()38

17,900 ()

1880., .

89,916 10,354 76,220 176,490

1890., .

390,000 30,000 420,000

1909., - 117,817 25,095 16,681 159,593

- - , 37: - , , :

.

- ( ) , : - :

. 134,967 40:

36 (, , , ) 84 , 7000 , 22 , 900 , 34 , 1500 , 43 , 1200 , 64 , 2200 : 37 33 :38 35 , 2500 , 26 , 1100 :39 , , - , ( , , ), , : 40 Cuinet V., La Turquie d Asie, v.1, Paris, Ernest Leroux editeur, 1892, 137 ( 5). ( Documents diplomatiques: affaires armniennes; projets de reforme dans lEmpire ottoman 1893-1897, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1897, 1-8):

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39

1880-90- . - 1895. 41: , , 134,902 , 10,000- , 905- 42:

- - : , - . 1912. 19- , - 210,000 43: 1914. 200,000 44:

5. (1878-1914.)

1892.

1895.

1912.

1914.

89,944 104,006 - -

34,51845 24,896 - -

10,505 6,000 - -

134,967 134,902 210,000 200,000

. . , - , - : , - 30-100%-:

41 CAB 37/38/26 (Report on the population of Asia Minor and the Turkish Provinces to the eastward, compiled by Colonel William Everett, C.M.G., Assistant Adjutant-General, Intelligence Division, War Office, formerly Her Majestys Consul for Kurdistan, May 11, 1895):42 29,272 ( , 23): 43 ..., 275:44 . . , . , , . ., .., . - , 1915, 5:45 :

40

.

` 1914. , , , 1916. 1917. 46:

1.

1.1.

` 1913-14. ` 43 37,480 (6,355 )47: , : , 48 1916. - 37 ( ) 35,578 49:

1917. 50 : 1913-14. , :

46 1916. 1917. , , / : :47 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 429, 2,470 , 11,735 : 1913-14. ( ., . ., 86-90) - ( -, . , , , 1957, 3):48 1916 : 1917 . : ( -, . ., 499):49 , . 57, . 5, . 142, . 36-41: , : , , 230,000 , 1917- 32,000- ( , . 28): 50 , 1916-17. : , , , ( : : , . , I, , ., , 2012, 4):

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41

6.

1913-14.

51

1916.

1917.52

1 27 170 200 25 235

2 45 350 550 48 500

3 74 704 700 76 650

4 75 637 800 75 840

5 45 660 1,000 - 695

6 66 635 800 85 1,080

7 317 2,600 5,000 300 5,000

8 30 240 300 26 350

9 120 1,210 2,000 196 2,225

10 148 1,160 1,900 180 2,050

11 25 170 240 25 240

12 56 449 715 75 700

13 200 1,625 3,000 250 2,700

14 40 403 600 40 520

15 27 180 250 35 260

16 90 900 1,000 80 750

17 200 1,580 4,000 300 3,000

1,585 13,673 23,055 1,816 21,795

-

, 20%- , ( ) 60, (

51 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 429-433:52 : : - , . , III, , , , , , , ., , 2012, 414-419:

42

) 68%-: , , 8.6 , 12 53:

, 53,000 , 18,000- - 54, 35,000- 55:

1.2.

1913-14. 25 2,732 21,382 56:

- - :

1. 34 25,000 57, 2. 1915. . .

27 2,915 58,

3. . ` 34 , 2,991 22,344 59: -

, 22,000 60:

1.3.

1913-14. - 51 19,859 61:

.

53 ( ) : , , 300 , 3,000 ( - ., , , , 1972, 68), ` 1913-14. 230 , 2,066 :54 ., , , ., 1967, 342:55 , , 1914. 34,542 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- (1909.) 51 5,268 34,376 ( -, . ., 173, 226): . : 6-, 7-:56 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 434: , 1915 , , 1985, 546-547:57 ., () , New York, Yeprad press, 1943, 11, 14-15:58 , 1915, , 463: - 5- - 1915. 28- 3,222 ( ., , - , 1965, N1, 89):59 -, 1916, N 15, 9:60 1914. 7,779 (Karpat, . ., 170):61 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 435-437: , . ., 545-546:

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43

( 1902.) 56 ( - ) 25,000 62:

- (1909.) 50 2,676 , 18,705 63:

1916-17. .

1. 1917. , 1908. 27,000 64:

2. , - 4,537 33,177 65:

3. , 49 33,336 - , 4,981 (28,963 ) 752 (4,373 )66:

4. 1916. 5- 51 - 3,535 25,685 67:

, 25,500 68:

1.4.

1913-14. 41 11,690 69:

. (1902.) ( - ) 38 - 15,000 70:

, 1913-14. - , - :

1917.

62 1000- ( ., . ., 261):63 -, . ., 192: : 7 :64 , . 57, . 5, . 126, . 8: ( ) , 1908- ( ): 65 ..., h. III, 123-148: ., 19- , , N1 (101), 2003, 178:66 , 157-158: : 67 , . 57, . 5, . 161, . 8-9 ( ): , 25,500 ( -, . ., 3):68 1914. 13,621 ( Karpat, . ., 170):69 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 437-438: . , . ., 546-547:70 ., . ., 261:

44

- 71: ,

1. 2,004 20,272 72.

2. 37 - 23,519 73:

, 1,5-2 , 1913-14. :

- , 18,000 74:

1.5.

1913-14. 30 2,685 75 17,914 76:

. (1902.) ( - ) 30 17,000 77:

1913-14. -, , : 1917. .

1. 30 - 18,296 78:

2. 1917. 20,365 (2,600 )79:

18,000 80:

71 ( , . 57, . 5, . 159):72 , . 11-12: :73 , . 5-10: :74 1914. 7,401 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- (1909.) 31 1,304 ` 9,128 ( -, . ., 190): - :75 , . ., 546: 76 , . ., 68: 2,102 ( -), 17,060 ( Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 439): 77 ., . ., 261:78 , . 57, . 5, . 165,. 4-5: : 79 450 , 2,500 ( , .57, .5, .146, .2): : 80 ., , , ., 1954, 15:

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45

, 18,500 -81:

1.6.

1913-14. 17 - 459 , 2,602 82:

1913-14. 83, : - , , , 5,6 , (6-8 ): 7-, 3,200 :

1.7.

- 13 405 2,829 84:

1913-14. - 3,520 85:

-, , 1913-14. - , 3,500 86:

1.8.

1913-14. 13 8,136 (1,597 )87:

-

81 1914- 12,025 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- (1909.) 2,102 ` 14,314 ( -, . ., 190): - :82 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 442: . - 2,624 ( , . ., 68):83 1914 . 2,920 ( Karpat, . ., 170):- (1909.) 18 446 3,122 . ( -, . ., 197):84 , 226: - . - (.1-2, , 1903-1905): . - ( Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 439):85 , . ., 68: 86 1914- 1,223 , 507- , 716- ( Karpat, . ., 170): 87 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 446-447, ` , . ., 68:

46

, , ( ) 88:

, ( , - )` 9 1915- 978 ` 6,906 ( 850 , 6,293 )89, 250 , 1,750 ( 70 , 350 )90, - 170 , 1,190 ( 120 , 600 )91:

, 1913-14. - 10,00092:

, 1916. 1- , 2-3 :

7.

1913-14.

1917.

93

1 37 432 900

2 12 57 195

3 - - 550

` , 11,000-12,000 94:

88 1913-14. , , : 89 . ., . ., , , . , 1964, 17-64 ( ):90 , 83:91 , 89:92 , . ., 545: 93 , . 57, . 5, . 139, . 39:94 1914. 6,193 , 908- , 5,285- ( Karpat, . ., 170): - (1909.) 6 13 (9- ) 1,092 7,644 ( -, . ., 199, 226): :

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47

1.9. ( )

1913-14. - 748 (103 )95: - ( 750 )96:

1.10.

. (1902.) 30 , 10,500 97: - (1909.) 57 1,772

12,404 98: 1913-14.

57 16,740 99:

, - , - : 25%, 1,5-2 ( 8)100:

8.

1913-14.

101

1 1,075 1,434

2 1,298 1,308

3 978 1,149

4 29 35

95 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 449, , . ., 68, , . ., 546:96 1914. 556 ( Karpat, . ., 170): 97 ., . ., 261:98 -, . ., 179-180, 226: - ( ) : 7 : 99 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 449-451, , . ., 68:100 1913-14. 1915. . ( ., . ., 216): 101 ..., 44-45:

48

5 () 810 1,076

6 312 480

7 390 446

8 608 777

9 456 815

10 540 680

6,496 8,200

, 21,000: 1913-14. 25%- 102:

2.

2.1.

1913-14. 38 25,795 103:

- - - :

1. . - 30 4,140 , 8 33,120 104:

2. 1916. - 30 1,775 17,200 , 3,000 15,000 105:

3. 1917. - 4,631 , 34,994 106:

102 1914. 10,046 ( Karpat, . ., 170):103 2,021 , 13,109 ( Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 59): . - 23,902 (, . ., 68): , . ., 545:104 ., , , . -, 1947, 72-73:105 , . 57, . 5, . 123, . 40-67: : : 106 30 ( , . 57, . 5, . 164, . 9-12):

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, - 31,000-32,000 107:

2.2.

1913-14. 4 - 85 , 862 108:

, - 900 109:

2.3.

` 1913-14. 15 693 , 6,396 110:

. (1902.) 111 (19 - ) 10,000 112:

, . 1913-14. - , 1913-14. : - - 1917. 14- , 12 683 ` 7,069 113: 114 ( 1,000 ) , 8,000 ( 9)115:

107 1914. - 16,144 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- 2,524 , 16,168 , 1,500 , 9,000 (1 6 ), 31 1,024 , 7,168 (1 7 ): - , . (1903-1905.), 1880. ( -, . ., 223, 226):

( , () () ) 37 25,000 ( ., . ., 260):108 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 455: , . ., 545: . 568 (, . ., 68): - :109 1914- 511 ( Karpat, . ., 170): 110 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 456, , . ., 545: . 5,609 (, . ., 68):111 :112 ., . ., 261:113 , . 57, . 5, . 163, . 1-2:114 :115 1914 . 4,741 , 144- ( Karpat, . ., 170): - ( ) 12 , 630 , 4,781 ( -, . ., 225):

50

9.

1913-14.

1917.

116

1 50 248 52 500

2 - - 6 64

3 25 240 20 116

4 58 438 - -

5 10 85 12 89

6 42 462 50 450

7 46 430 48 450

8 39 312 30 300

9 82 627 105 735

10 75 856 110 1560

11 150 1538 196 2175

12 . 20 240 30 425

13 () - 500 - -

14 26 210 24 205

623 6,186 683 7,069

2.4. ( )

1913-14. 3 1,570 (150 )117:

3 450 118:

- 1913-14. - 300 8- - 2,500 119:

116 , . 57, .5, .163, . 1-2:117 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 456: . 1,566 (, . ., 68):118 , . ., 545:119 1914- 1,270 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

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-, , 3 139 , 1,421 ( -, . ., 224):120 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 456: . 2,989 ( , . ., 68): 3 506 ( , . ., 545):121 , , . 57, . 5, . 162, . 4-5:122 , . 1388, .1, .1, .19: 123 , , :124 1914- 2,649 ( Karpat, . ., 170): - 6 487 2,725 ( -, . ., 225): :

2.5. ( )

1913-14. 2,989 (489 )120:

1913-14. 1917. - 121, 1919. 6- 122 ( - 10):

10.

1913-14. 1909.

-

1917.

( )

1919.( )

1 46 226 - 44 50 236 80 320

2 25 119 - 21 25 250 20 70

3 8 70 - - - - - -

4 95 688 - 93 - - 90 600

5 241 1,307 350 246 300 1,650 350 2,800

6 - - 6 7 - - 10 60

7 74 579 150 76 80 1,430 120 700

489 2,989 506 487 455 3,566 670 4,550

1917. 123 - ( 100 , 750 ) 4,200 124:

52

3.

3.1.

1913-14. 5 477 , 4,886 125:

1914-15. - . 1. . 126 6 498 `

4,582 127:

2. . 128 510 129:

, , - 5,000 130:

3.2.

1913-14. 8 1,649 131:

. 11 212 , 1,798 132: . 8 , 510 133:

, 1,750 134:

125 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 458, , . ., 547 ( ): . 3,450 (, . ., 68): 126 , , 20 , , , , :127 . . ( ., . ., 217):128 . , 1913-14. :129 , 1915. -, 168-169:130 1914- 2,619 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- 560 3,920 , 350 , 2,450 (1 6 ), 3 210 , 1,470 (1 7 ) ( -, . ., 206, 226):

. : , 1913-14. . , 4,735-4,805 ( ., . ., 217): 131 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 459, , . ., 547 ( ): . 1,229 ( , . ., 68): 132 ., . ., 218:133 , 1915. -, 168-169 ( , (510 ) ): 134 1914- 904 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- ( ) 7 156 1,092 (1 7 ) ( -, . ., 210, 226):

. 1,880 ( ., . ., 217):

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3.3.

1913-14. 12 960 , 9,914 135:

, . . - : . 1914- - 11 1,489 , 12,577 -136: 1,178137:

, - 11,000-12,000 138:

3.4.

1913-14. 12 - 763 , 8,180 139:

. 15 830 , 6,828 140, . 510 141:

, , 8,000 142:

3.5. ( )

1913-14. 20 1,624 143:

135 Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 460, , . ., 547: . ( ) 6,765 ( , . ., 68):136 ., . ., 219:137 , 1915. -, 168-169:138 1914. ` 5,624 , 1,393 , 29- ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- (1909.) 12 840 ` 5,880 , ( ) 200 , 1,400 , 11 ` 640 , 4,480 ( -, . ., 226):

. 12,013-12,015 :139 320 , 2,250 ( Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 459, , . ., 547 ( ): 140 ., . ., 218:141 , 1915. -, 168-169:142 1914 . 3,195 , 18 ( Karpat, . ., 170):

- ( , 1909.)` 10 624 4,368 , 350 , 2,450 (1 6 ), 9 274 , 1,918 (1 7 ) ( -, . ., 212, 226):

. 7,540-7,580 :143 - . 8 ( Kevorkian, Paboudjian, . ., 460): . 1,274 ( , . ., 68):

54

. 1914- 18 - 287 1,938 144:

, 1,800 145:

, , - 28,000 : : : , . - , 2,879 : , - , 12 , 34,548 146:

: , - - 251,600 ( 11)147: 1914. 25%-` - 1913-14. 148: - - 1912- 215,000, - 230,000 :

144 ., . ., 218:145 1914- 1,070 ( Karpat, . ., 1 70):

- (1909.)` 22 203 ` 1,421 ( -, . ., 217, 226): - , :

. 2,580-2,665 ( ):146 , 1915. -, 169: , 1913-14. - (26,251 ) (2,736) 9 , : 147 +/-3%:148 , : , , . . , , 199,568 ( 135,068, 48,500, 16,000 ( Karajian Sarkis J., An Inquiry Into the Statistics of the Turkish Genocide of the Armenians 1915-1918, The Armenian Review, 25, Winter 1972, 13):

1914- 251,050 : 10-15 1914-15 ( ., 1914-1972, , . , 1975, 891)

2(1), 2014

55

11.

1914.

1914.

1914.

34,545 37,480 53,000

8,229 21,382 22,000

14,609 19,859 25,500

7,401 11,690 18,000

12,025 17,060 18,500

2,920 2,602 3,200

1,223 2,829 3,500

6,190 8,136 11,000

556 748 750

10,046 16,740 21,000

97,744 138,526 176,450

16,291 25,795 32,000

511 862 900

4,741 6,396 8,000

2,649 2,989 4,200

1,270 1,570 2,500

25,462 37,612 47,600

2,619 4,884 5,000

904 1,649 1,750

3,195 8,180 8,000

5,624 9,914 11,000

1,070 1,624 1,800

13,412 26,251 27,550

136,618 202,391 251,600

56

( )

` 1878-1914. - , . - , , : , , - - :

- . - 1913-14. , - :

` , , , , :

The Number of Armenian Population of the Erzurum Province of the Ottoman Empire on the Eve of the Armenian Genocide (An Attempt at

Comparative Analysis of Sources)

Robert Tatoyan

Summary

This article presents and analyzes the main statistical sources on the Armenian population of the Erzurum province of the Ottoman Empire for the period of 1878-1914. The data is grouped by the source origin: Ottoman official, of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, data from other Armenian, Russian and Western sources. Comparative statistical tables of data provided by the Ottoman, Armenian, Russian and Western sources are compiled.

An attempt was made to estimate the number of the Armenian population of the Erzurum province by districts and sub-districts on the eve of the Armenian genocide. The calculations are based on the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinoples 1913-14 census data, which are adjusted with figures found in Genocide survivors accounts, refugees registration data and other auxiliary sources.

Keywords: Armenian genocide, Erzurum vilayet, statistics, Armenian population, demography.

2(1), 2014

57

( )

- 1878 1914 . : , , - , . .

() -, 1913-14 . , .

: , , , - , .