Upload
rigel-crane
View
63
Download
10
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
نورشناسی ابن هیثم. سمینار درس تاریخ علم (1) دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر- گروه فلسفه علم علی سروشیان آذر 1388. زندگی نامه ابن هیثم. نامدارترین دانشمند سده پنجم هجری (یازدهم میلادی) است. نام کامل: ابوعلی حسن بن حسن بن هیثم محل تولد: بصره (345 هـ .ق- 965 م) اصالتا: عرب ملقب به: مهندس بصری - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Slide 1
(1) - 1388
1 ( ) . : : (345 .- 965 ): : . (430 .- 1039 ) : .: . . . . :
: 2 : . 1827 : . [] () [] . 318 : . 1 1984 : .( 7 920) J.Vernet
3 : 24 : ... : : 2 30 . : : 40 .
: 12 . . .: .4 24 : ( ) ... : () .: 17 . : . : . . . . . . : ... . : :
5 11 ... : ...
: . : : 7 2 3 4 5 6 1 . . 7 . . . : : .6 58 : ... : : : : . . .
- 340 . . . .: . .
: . . . . : : .7 :
: . : . . . . .- . . . : . . : .8 63 : . . ... . .- ( ) ( ) . . .9 () . . . . . . . : . . . . . .
10 () . . . . . . :1- . ( )- . 2- . ( .) . : . .3- .
11 : (empirical) . : () : . ( : ) 1 575 1984 : :
. () . . ... . ...
12 : (empirical) . : () : . ( : ) . . . ( ) . . : ... . : .13 () ( ) . ( ) : - ( ) .
.
( ) ( ) . ( ) .
: . . 6 19 .
. . . .: : ( : 1938) 1962 14 Opticae thesaurus (1533-1580) 1572 ( 719.-1320) 13. . . . . . . . 411 . . : ( ) () . .
1270 ( ) . . Alhazen. 1572 ( ) . . : . ! . : . . 1876 ( 719-1320 ) . . . . (632-710 .) . . . : ... : . .
Friedrich Risner (birth around 1533; died 17 October 1580) was a German mathematician from Hersfeld [1], Hesse. He was a student of Petrus Ramus (1515-1572) and was the first chair of mathematics at Collge Royale de France.He is known for his 1572 publication of "Opticae thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nuncprimum editi; Eiusdem liber De Crepusculis et nubium ascensionibus, Item Vitellonis Thuringopoloni libri X", which was an edition of the works of Ibn al-Haitham and Erazmus Ciolek Witelo, who were both early pioneers in the study of optics. This publication was a major benefit to several famous mathematicians and scientists, including Kepler, Huygens, and Descartes.
15 ( ) ( ) : ( ) . . . . ... .
1- () 2- 3- .4- 5- .6- - 7- - 16 : . . .
. .17 (): ( ) : . (): ( ) : . ( ) . ( ) . ( ) . . [ ] . . . : ... . . ( ) . ( ) .18 ( - ) ( ) . . () () . . ( ) ( )
() . .- .- : : . ... .19 . . : . ( : .): . . . . : ( ) (= ) (= ) .
- : . .
- .
: . ( ) ( ) ... (=) .
20 ( ) . . : ( ) . . . .
21 ( ) (intromission ) : . ( ) . : .: .22 ( ) (emission): . . : . . . : . . . : ( ). () .
: . .
23 () : : . ( ) . 24 . ( ) () ( )
25 . ( ) () ( )
: .: - . .: . . . .: : - . () . . - . .
26 . ( ) () ( )
. .27 () ( ): ( ) .
. : () . . . . .28 () ( ): . ( ) . . .
. : () . . . . .29 . . . . .( )
30 (sensation) (perception) ( ) ( ) ( )
. . ( ) 22 . 22 . : ( ) ( ) ... . .31 ( ...) ( ) () . ( ) ( ) ( ) . ( . - - . ( ) . . . ( ) 22 . 22 . : ( ) ( ) ... . .32
33