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兽医应用免疫学 —— 兽医专业重要基础课 黄青云 唐满华 谢安新 编制 2002.8

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兽医应用免疫学 —— 兽医专业重要基础课 黄青云 唐满华 谢安新 编制 2002.8. 第一章 绪论. 第一节 免疫的概念 免疫( immune )是指人和动物机体免疫系统特异识别、清除体内抗原 (Antigen) 的生理功能。 有利方面: 防止病原微生物感染 防止肿瘤发生 不利方面: 一定条件下引起 变态(超敏)反应 自身免疫病 免疫耐受. 一.免疫学发展简史. (一) 免疫学是人类在与传染病的病原微生物作斗争的过程中建立和发展起来的。免疫学与医学微生物学、兽医微生物学、传染病学有不可分割的联系。 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • 2002.8

  • immune(Antigen)

  • 18

  • 1618 16171818JennerVaccine()Vaccination

  • 1920 Pasteur 1880 1882

  • 1890 Metchnikoff1883

    1897Behring(1890)1891Erlich 1897

  • 701963Wright,Deuglas

  • 20 20

  • 64

  • Immune system

  • bone marrow B 40% thymus T bursa of fabricius B

  • lymphnodeB25%T75%(M)(DC)

  • (spleen) T25% B65% (M)(DC)

  • membrane immune systemMIS IgA TBMDC

  • Harder gland TB

  • (lyphocyte) TBNKT 1. ()

  • 2.(1)T(T cell recepter,TCR)1015TcT

  • TCR

  • TCR TCR V 50 57D 2J 70 13VJ,VDJ 5070=3 103 57 2 13=1103 + +N V-J V-D,D-J ~1015

  • (2)(Erythrocyte receptor,ER)

    CD2T ET B

  • TE

  • 3PHAConA

    PHAConAT T TB T

  • TPHA

  • 4T TCluster of differentiationCD

    CD2 TcERCD3 5-6TcTCR/CD3 CD4 THTHTCR HIVCD8 TcTcTCR

  • 3. T

    CD TC CD3+ CD4- CD8+ IFN-

    TS CD3+ CD4- CD8+ TSFTB m TDTHTH1 CD3+ CD4+ CD8- MIFIFN- TH2 CD3+ CD4+ CD8- IL-4IL-5 B

  • B

    1

    B

  • 21Surface membrane immunoglobulingSmIg B SmIgM B SmIgM+SmIgD 107BBSmIgMSmIgDB105SmIg SmIgTCRB

  • (2) FcBFc

    3C3b B C3b

  • BEEEEEEEABEEEEEEEACFcRFcC3bRC3b

  • 2. B B1 B2 B1CD5+ B2CD5- Sm Ig Sm IgM Sm IgMSm IgDIgG Fc +C3b + TI Ag TD Ag IgM IgMIgGIgAIgEIgD +

  • ((natural kill cell,NKC) 1. FcCD16Fc KIR KAR2. ADCC

  • - Kupffer A :

  • () Fc C3b Ia_ M Ia+ M

    1. 2.monocyte Ia M

  • a2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 PDI H IL-1IL-6IL-8TNF E

  • O2

    O2n-

    H2O2OH-IO2

  • 3.Ia+ MThTCR

  • 4.

    MTNF

    M

  • T -M -(DC) -Lc DCMHC-

  • .1. IgG FcADCCIgE Fc2. IgE Fc3. C3b -() 1982sigel()

  • 4TCRBCRSmIgM SmIgDCD cluster of differtiation,CD TCD2CD3THCD4TcCD8CD CD

  • MHCMHCMHC HLA

    DP DQ DR B C A D HLA- HLA- HLA- 1000~1200kb 1000kb 1600~2000kb 3500~4000kb

    MHCHLA

  • 1MHC-

    (1) (2) MHC-I TcTCR

  • 2 MHC-

    TH immuno- assodiated antigenIa

  • 3MHC-C2C4BfTNF ()(ImmunoglobulingIg)BIg (SmIgM SmIgD) B(IgM IgG IgA IgE IgD)

  • 1.Ig

  • 2Ig

  • 3Ig

  • ()complement system

    1 20C1C1qC1rC1s------C911

    256OC60OC30min

  • 3. C1 C3

  • C1 C3IgG1IgM IgGIgA Ca++ Mg++ C1C1 C3PAD Mg++ C3 C2+C4 C4b2a C3(Bb) C3PA C3b +C3a C5 C5b + C5a C 56789 8-17

  • C3aC5a

  • ()

    1.

  • 2(1) interleukin,IL IL-1~IL-23 ,(2) (colony stimulating factor, CSF) G-CSF M-CSF EPO T

  • 1interferonIFN

    IFN- IFN- IFN- T :

  • Antigen + ()+ +

  • 10000dal10dal AA5734dal AA

  • 1.2. 3.4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

  • antigenic determinants,AD BAD TAD: () (): AA,, : 56AA,, 918AA: BCRSmIg APC MHC-/-TCR (Th) MHC-/ -TCR(Tc)

  • - - - - - ,() - ( ,) Th -TD Ag -TI Ag

  • - FHN, (Ab) VP1VP4 - (Ab )T - ADT MHC- - (super Ag) ADT ( M)

  • (O)Ag 170 60,50 , AF (H)Ag 60 60,(a.b.c) , (1.2.3) Ag - , - (KAg) (Vi Ag) , 100,K88K99 Ag -(,,,0.3-0.4% ) -(,,)

  • (1.4.5.12i.1.2) OAg 1.4.5.12 HAg i,1.2

  • () () () ()

  • (adjuvant):10: : AE: (): +: IL-2IL-12IL-18DNA

  • ()(Freund,s incomplete adjuvantFIA)Ag++80 AgAg ()(Freund,s complete adjuvant FCA) : FIA+: FIA MTB

  • (immune response)

    TDAgTIAg

  • TDAg

  • (T cell mediated immunity,TMI)

    Ag pro-Tc Tc

    Ag Th Ag Th1(TDTC)

  • Tc -MHC-TCR - - Th1 ThAg50()

  • -() - -()

  • (B cell mediated immunity,BMI) TDAg APC Th Th2

    Bc (IgMIgG) (IgG) TDAg

  • TIAg Bc (IgM)(Antibody,AbImmunoglubulin,Ig)() 1(primary response)(3-72-3) IgM

  • BIg

  • 2 () () AbAbIgG

  • clone selection theoryAb33

  • AbCH IgMIgGIgAIgE IgD2. Ag Ab2 Ab3. Ag AbAb AbAb Ab AbAb

  • 4AbIgGAbIgGIgMAbIgGIgMAb IgGIgMIgAAbIgGIgMIgGIgGIgM

  • 5AbAbAbmonoclone Ab,McAbMcAbBB

  • McAb

  • () MHC-() Ab

  • VitAVitCFeZnSn

  • B Ag T Ag Ab2-3Ag 3-5Ag

  • . -Ab2 Ab

  • -

  • M

  • IL-1IL-6TNF- (1) (2) C3

  • (3) TNFIgGIL-8 (4) IL-12 Th Th1 NK()

  • 1()C3()LPSMTNF-IL-1IL-6IL-12

  • 2 AbIgG

    IgG

  • IgMIgGC1IgGSIgA

    (SIgA) (IgG)

  • 1M IFN IL-12 NK2IFN-MTc

  • IgGIgGIgMC1+

  • IFN-NKIFN-NK

  • -IgGIgGIgMIgG-TcFasLIFN-

  • IgE

  • allergy AgAgallergen:

  • 1. AbTDTH 2. AbTDTH

  • 1 IgE2 3 4

  • 1. 2. 2030min 1. 2. 3.

  • 1 IgMIgGMNK2 1 A B A

  • 2 + Aa+ Aa- Aa+ Aa- ()

  • 3. 4

  • Ab(IgGIgAIgM)(,)Ag+Ab (Ag-Ab)nAb Ag

  • AgAb +

  • 1IgGIgAIgMAg 2. 3.

  • 1 Authus2103Ag

  • Ag Th1(TDTH)Ag Th1 Ag 1Ag48-72h 2

  • 1 - ()0.lml72h 0.lml15-18h

  • 2 Th1 Th 24-96h () : (1) (2) :

  • 3MHC- Th1 : (1) (2)

  • -TET-TT

  • ETCD2TCD2

  • TE

  • . + + + 1.TB2.T

  • PHA+TPHA =(+)/200100%

  • TPHA

  • 3H3H-T PHA+T+3H-TdR PHA+T 3H-TdR 3H-TdR CPM 3H-TCPM SI=CPM/CPM

  • Ag+T+M T+ M M M M M MIMI=M/M100%

  • TMTTPHAConA+T MTT formazan 595nmOD

  • ()1 2 3 4 5

  • 1

  • 2 PH 7.0 T 370C Ag+(Ab) Ag-Ab PH3 T600C

  • 3Ag-Ab41 - - - -2-80C

  • 2 0.85%NaCl 6%8% 340C560C 370C 30min

  • 4PHPH6.08.0PH7.07.2PH6PHPHPH7.07.2PBS

  • 0.85%NaCl + ()

  • 1 Ascoli

  • 2

  • 3 Ag Ab

    Ag

  • + ()

  • 1 2 ()

  • 3+ +() ( )

  • ()Ab

  • 123 4

  • 1 -NDV 911d 2448h

    -NDV+ 911d

  • 2 (FMDV) 47d FMDV+ 47d 3 FMDV (IB-RS-2) (CPU)

    FMDV+ IB-RS-2 CPU

  • 1.2.

  • 1.F+ Ab AbF(FITC) AbF + Ag Ag- AbF Ag- AbFAbF

  • F F Ag Ag

    AbF AbF

  • 2.1 2

  • 3. Ag+AbR Ag-AbR AgR+Ab AgR-Ab R

  • 4 ()

  • --1.(1)2,()()

  • 1234

  • 2.+1%+123

  • 3. ++(1) (2)4.()

  • :(+) -- ///// ::

  • 1.+K88

  • 2.1

    +

  • 2

    ()

  • 3

  • 4

  • 5

  • 3.

  • . , SRBC , ,

  • -5---

  • 1 2

  • (/) 1 12 - 1 5 1 10 - 0.5ml 15 2 25 1 4550 1 ++ 0.51ml 1020 + ++ 0.51ml +

  • (/) 1 1 35 1 + 0.5ml 25 1 1 2 1520 2

  • (/) 25 2 15 30 1.5ml 10 2 20 2 4

  • (/) 30 2 45 1 O 1 50 1 1 70 3 O 1

  • (/) - 24 2- 4 2 2 2 O 2 () 2-4 2

  • 1520 0.5ml/ 1) 0.5ml/ 2) 0.5ml/ (A) 2ml/ 1) 2) 1ml/ (A) 2ml/

  • 1. 2.

  • 1.2.