11-1

. . .

1780 L.Galvani1799A.Volta.

A. Volta (1745-1827Volta Pile

Volta Pile

1780 179918341887.

.

ISE

(a) i i i

(a) i i i (b) (c)

Electrochemical PotentialGi = i- i + Zie0( - ) i + Zie0 = i + Zie0

i

Electrode)/Zn|Zn2+, SO42-Pt|H2,H+Fe|Fe3O4|Fe2O3|

Electrode)/Zn|Zn2+,SO42-,Pt|H2,H+Fe|Fe3O4|Fe2O3|

Electrode (ElectrochemicalReaction

Electrode (ElectrochemicalReaction

(Electrochemical Device)(Cell)() (Primary Cell)(G0)

(1860--) ()

(1860--)eePb2+PbSO4 +2ePbPb2+PbSO4 -2ePbO2H2O H+SO4=SO4= H+ ()

(Electrochemical Device)()

Pb2+PbSO4 -2eeePb2+PbSO4 +2ePbPbO2H2O H+SO4=SO4= H+

Anode Cathode

Anion

Cation

Anode Cathode

Anion

Cation

11-2 Faraday law (1834)Q- n-Z-F-1891

F (1891)F = 6.0231023 /mol 1.60210-19 / = 96487 /mol 96500 c /mol

1. FQ = nZF

1. 2.

Cl2AgFe2+Ag+Br2H2e-e-ii (1) NaCl (2) AgNO3(3) FeBr3

(1) : H++e-1/2H2 : Cl- 1/2Cl2+e-(2) : Ag++e-Ag : AgAg++e-(3) : Fe3++e-Fe2+ : Br- 1/2Br2+e-

1. 2. 3.

Na+H+Cl-OH-e-iH2Cl2Ag+H+NO3-Ag+Age-iAg+

1. 2. 3. 4.

H+OH-e-iH2H+NO3-Ag+Age-iAg+OH-NO3-Ag+O2Ag+ + e = AgH+ + e = 1/2 H2

11-3.

XYZX + Y + Z123123

TR TR