课程：当代英国概况课程：当代英国概况

第一章：开篇介绍第一章：开篇介绍

任课教师：郭岚任课教师：郭岚

ObjectivesObjectives

•some general features of Britainsome general features of Britain•to set the sceneto set the scene

ProcedureProcedure•Lecture by the teacher Lecture by the teacher •Presentation by Students Presentation by Students •Class discussion Class discussion •Assignment for the next chapterAssignment for the next chapter

Focal QuestionsFocal Questions • What is the full name of the British state? What is the full name of the British state?

What countries does it consist of?What countries does it consist of?• What is the total population of the United What is the total population of the United

Kingdom? Where do most people live?Kingdom? Where do most people live?• Do you think that most of the ethnic Do you think that most of the ethnic

minorities in Britain have different age minorities in Britain have different age structures from that of the white population? structures from that of the white population? Why?Why?

• What do you think are the most important What do you think are the most important factors in determining class?factors in determining class?

• How do you understand the status of women How do you understand the status of women in contemporary Britain?in contemporary Britain?

• What are some of the key changes over the What are some of the key changes over the last fifty years in the UK?last fifty years in the UK?

A1 GeographyA1 Geography•The British Isles The British Isles •the group of islands off the northwethe group of islands off the northwe

st coast of Europe st coast of Europe •GreatGreat Britain Britain, , IrelandIreland and the many s and the many s

maller adjacent islands (16+) maller adjacent islands (16+) •an an archipelagoarchipelago, 315,134 km2, 315,134 km2

A1 Geography continuedA1 Geography continued• Is the term "British Isles" acceptable?Is the term "British Isles" acceptable?• Irish state documents, Irish schoolbooks, Irish state documents, Irish schoolbooks,

textbookstextbooks•official British state documentationofficial British state documentation •AlternativesAlternatives ：：““ Great Britain and IrelaGreat Britain and Irela

nd”, “British-Irish islands”, “UK and Ind”, “British-Irish islands”, “UK and Ireland”, “the British Isles and Ireland”,reland”, “the British Isles and Ireland”, “Islands of the North Atlantic”(IONA) “Islands of the North Atlantic”(IONA)

A1 Geography A1 Geography continued continued

IONA ?– The BriIONA ?– The British Islestish Isles

A 1 Geography cont. A 1 Geography cont.

Chief of the State -- Chief of the State -- Queen Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II

Questions (video clip):Questions (video clip):•The geographical makeup of UKThe geographical makeup of UK•What is the London smog?What is the London smog?•How did the suburb come into beiHow did the suburb come into bei

ng?ng?•Major house styles in the suburbMajor house styles in the suburb

Answers to Questions:Answers to Questions:•The Island of Great Britain + 1/6 of the IslThe Island of Great Britain + 1/6 of the Isl

and of Irelandand of Ireland•Smoke released by the burning coal + LoSmoke released by the burning coal + Lo

ndon’s natural fog (Charles Dickens)ndon’s natural fog (Charles Dickens)•People getting away from the fog + afforPeople getting away from the fog + affor

dable mass transitdable mass transit

Answers to Questions:Answers to Questions: ConCont.t.•Major house styles in the suburbMajor house styles in the suburb•The Tudor style (mid-16th C.)The Tudor style (mid-16th C.)•The Elizabethan style (late 16th C.)The Elizabethan style (late 16th C.)•The Queen Anne revival style (late 1The Queen Anne revival style (late 1

9th C.)9th C.)

ENGLANDENGLAND•Population: 51 MillionPopulation: 51 Million•Language: EnglishLanguage: English•People: Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Irish, People: Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Irish,

West Indians, Pakistanis, Indians, ChineseWest Indians, Pakistanis, Indians, Chinese•Religion: Church of England, Methodist, BReligion: Church of England, Methodist, B

aptist, Catholic, Muslim, Hindu, and Sikhaptist, Catholic, Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh•Capital City: LondonCapital City: London

ENGLAND cont.ENGLAND cont.

•artistic contributions in theatre , artistic contributions in theatre , literature, and architecture.literature, and architecture.

•Staple food: Fish and Chips, bacStaple food: Fish and Chips, bacon, eggs, sausage, and mashon, eggs, sausage, and mash

•astonishing regional variations iastonishing regional variations in accentsn accents

St. James Park, LondonSt. James Park, London

England cont.England cont.

•Windsor Castle Windsor Castle • Leeds CastleLeeds Castle

Fish and ChipsFish and Chips

•English staple foodEnglish staple food

WALESWALES•Population: 2.9 MillionPopulation: 2.9 Million

–Capital city: Cardiff Capital city: Cardiff –People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons –Language: Welsh, English Language: Welsh, English –Religion: Nonconformist ProteReligion: Nonconformist Prote

stants, Anglicans, Catholicsstants, Anglicans, Catholics

WALES WALES cont.cont.•the survival of Welsh as a living langthe survival of Welsh as a living lang

uage uage •Food: laverbread (seaweed, oatmeaFood: laverbread (seaweed, oatmea

l and bacon on toast), Rarebit (cheel and bacon on toast), Rarebit (cheese on toast with flavor of mustard ase on toast with flavor of mustard and beer)nd beer)

Caerphilly Castle, South WalesCaerphilly Castle, South Wales

Beaumaris Castle, N. WalesBeaumaris Castle, N. Wales

NORTHERN IRELANDNORTHERN IRELAND– Population: 1.6 MillionPopulation: 1.6 Million– Capital city: Belfast Capital city: Belfast – People: IrishPeople: Irish– Language: English, and IrishLanguage: English, and Irish– Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 3.4% PReligion: 95% Roman Catholic, 3.4% P

rotestant in the Republic; 60% Protestrotestant in the Republic; 60% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic in Northern Iant, 40% Roman Catholic in Northern Irelandreland

NORTHERN IRELAND NORTHERN IRELAND cont.cont.

– the “jig” & Irish folk musicthe “jig” & Irish folk music– Very festive Very festive – meats like lamb, beef, and pork.meats like lamb, beef, and pork.– Main meal: lunch Main meal: lunch , dinner , dinner

Irish Townhouse b&bIrish Townhouse b&b

Irish JigIrish Jig

SCOTLANSCOTLANDD– Population: 5.1 MillionPopulation: 5.1 Million

– Capital city: Edinburgh Capital city: Edinburgh – People: Celts, Anglo-SaxonsPeople: Celts, Anglo-Saxons– Language: English, Gaelic Language: English, Gaelic – Religion: Presbyterian Church of ScotlReligion: Presbyterian Church of Scotl

and, other Presbyterian churches, Angand, other Presbyterian churches, Anglicans, Catholicslicans, Catholics

SCOTLAND cont.SCOTLAND cont.– Greatest accomplishments: science, litGreatest accomplishments: science, lit

erature, and philosophyerature, and philosophy– BagpipesBagpipes– Social gathering (Social gathering (ceilidhceilidh): folk stories ): folk stories

(past), drinking and dancing (today)(past), drinking and dancing (today)– game dishes: smoked salmon and venigame dishes: smoked salmon and veni

son (deer)son (deer)

Scottish Scottish DanceDance

Castles of ScotlandCastles of Scotland

A2 A2 PopulationPopulation

2002 Census2002 Census UK UK 59,289,19459,289,194

EnglandEngland 51,138,83151,138,831

WalesWales 2,903,0852,903,085

ScotlandScotland 5,162,0115,162,011

Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland 1,685,2671,685,267

Sources: Sources: Office for National Statistics, General Register Office for Office for National Statistics, General Register Office for

Scotland, Northern Ireland Statistics & Research AgencyScotland, Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency

Population ChangePopulation Change•60,975,000 in mid-2007, an increase of 60,975,000 in mid-2007, an increase of

388,000 (0.6 per cent) on mid-2006388,000 (0.6 per cent) on mid-2006•an average annual growth of 0.5 per cean average annual growth of 0.5 per ce

nt since 2001nt since 2001•natural change (births - deaths) and nnatural change (births - deaths) and n

et migration (long term migrants enteret migration (long term migrants entering the UK - those leaving the UK)ing the UK - those leaving the UK)

A2 Population DensityA2 Population Density•UK average 243/km2UK average 243/km2•England 376/km2England 376/km2•Scotland 65/km2Scotland 65/km2•Wales 141/km2Wales 141/km2•N. Ireland 122/km2N. Ireland 122/km2•France 106/km2France 106/km2•US 27/km2US 27/km2

A 3 Ethnic GroupsA 3 Ethnic Groups

•Multicultural, multiethnicMulticultural, multiethnic•Why do immigrants come? P8Why do immigrants come? P8•Different age structures: P7Different age structures: P7

A 3 Ethnic GroupsA 3 Ethnic Groups

•Reasons for relatively poor Reasons for relatively poor performance of ethnic minority performance of ethnic minority children: (with the exception of Asian children: (with the exception of Asian children)children)

•Low IQ – e.g. West Indian children: a Low IQ – e.g. West Indian children: a lower IQ (the Swann report lower IQ (the Swann report ))

•Material deprivation – working class, Material deprivation – working class, material disadvantagematerial disadvantage

A 3 Ethnic Groups contA 3 Ethnic Groups cont..•Hidden curriculum – culturally and Hidden curriculum – culturally and

linguistically biased against ethnic linguistically biased against ethnic minority groupsminority groups

•Labelling – negative labels: Labelling – negative labels: self-self-fulfilling propheciesfulfilling prophecies

•Racism –diminishing self esteemRacism –diminishing self esteem

A 3 Ethnic Groups A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.cont.

• In 1940, In 1940, Pan AfricanistPan Africanist Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey su suffered a ffered a strokestroke — survived — an — survived — an obituaryobituary was was publishedpublished, describing him , describing him as "broke, alone and unpopular“ — shoas "broke, alone and unpopular“ — shocked and suffered a second stroke and dcked and suffered a second stroke and died — fulfilling the obituaryied — fulfilling the obituary

•Harry PotterHarry Potter

A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.•The Chinese in BritainThe Chinese in Britain•Estimated number: 250,000 Estimated number: 250,000 •From Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, VietnFrom Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietn

am, Hong Kong and mainland Chinaam, Hong Kong and mainland China•Mainly in big cities like London, MancheMainly in big cities like London, Manche

ster, Sheffield, Liverpool, Newcastle and ster, Sheffield, Liverpool, Newcastle and Glasgow, etc.Glasgow, etc.

A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.

•¾: in catering & catering-related bus¾: in catering & catering-related businessiness

•Less discrimination: Law-abiding, nLess discrimination: Law-abiding, no business conflict with the local Brio business conflict with the local British, seldom asking for financial assitish, seldom asking for financial assistancestance

A 4 ClassA 4 Class•Increasingly classless? Increasingly classless? •Society is ordered in terms of class.Society is ordered in terms of class.•Accent*, vocabulary*, job*, hobbiesAccent*, vocabulary*, job*, hobbies

* and types of relationship* and types of relationship

A 4 Class cont.A 4 Class cont.•Social Classification in the 21st CenturySocial Classification in the 21st Century•1 A Large employers & higher 1 A Large employers & higher

managerial occupations 9% managerial occupations 9%•1 B Higher professional occu. 12%1 B Higher professional occu. 12%•2 Lower professional occu. 17%2 Lower professional occu. 17%•3 Intermediate occupations 14%3 Intermediate occupations 14%

A 4 Class cont.A 4 Class cont.•4 Small employers & own account 4 Small employers & own account

workers 9%workers 9%•5 Lower supervisors & craft & related 5 Lower supervisors & craft & related

occupations 10%occupations 10%•6 Semi-routine occu. 21%6 Semi-routine occu. 21%•7 Routine occu 8%7 Routine occu 8%

A 4 Class cont.A 4 Class cont.•Working class: Working class: 25%.25%. Compare: Compare: 51%51% in in 11

955 (1CM/Guardian) 955 (1CM/Guardian) •Middle class: Middle class: 35%.35%. Compare: Compare: 28%28% in 198 in 198

6 6 (Mail on Sunday)(Mail on Sunday)•85%:85%: Britain is a class-based society Britain is a class-based society•69%:69%: top jobs – the privileged few top jobs – the privileged few (NOP/(NOP/

Sunday Express)Sunday Express)

A 5. The National IdentityA 5. The National Identity

A 5 Devolution A 5 Devolution cont.cont.

•Britishness ? Britishness ? • In England:In England: 17% 17% — allegiance to Englan — allegiance to Englan

d, d, (British Social Attitudes/Guardian); (British Social Attitudes/Guardian); •66%66% of teenagers —English, not British of teenagers —English, not British• In Wales, In Wales, 79%:79%: Welsh Welsh• In Scotland, In Scotland, 82%:82%: Scottish Scottish (Sunday Tim(Sunday Tim

es).es).

National Identity—Would you dNational Identity—Would you describe yourself as British?escribe yourself as British?• England (48%) , Scotland (27%) , Wales (35%)England (48%) , Scotland (27%) , Wales (35%)• a list: English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, British and Otha list: English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, British and Oth

erer• 50%: either English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish, 31%: Br50%: either English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish, 31%: Br

itish only, 13% British and either English, Scottish, itish only, 13% British and either English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish. 4%: 'other' , 1%: other combinationsWelsh or Irish. 4%: 'other' , 1%: other combinations

• Older people: 36% (aged 65+)—British, 47-52% (ageOlder people: 36% (aged 65+)—British, 47-52% (aged 55-)d 55-)

• People in London: 19%—'other‘, 2 to 5% per cent iPeople in London: 19%—'other‘, 2 to 5% per cent in other areas of England, Scotland or Wales n other areas of England, Scotland or Wales

• Source: Living in Britain, Office for National StatisticSource: Living in Britain, Office for National Statistics s

ReferencesReferences• British Studies Web PagesBritish Studies Web Pages• Dalton, A. ‘Apparent’ Paradoxes in BriDalton, A. ‘Apparent’ Paradoxes in Bri

tish tish Culture & its LiteratureCulture & its Literature• http//www. Woodlands-junior. Kent. Schttp//www. Woodlands-junior. Kent. Sc

h/uk. Htmlh/uk. Html• http//huaren.org/diaspora/europe/britahttp//huaren.org/diaspora/europe/brita

in/doc/0395-01.htmlin/doc/0395-01.html• http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.

asp?id=278asp?id=278