第四章存储器

Download PPT Report

Upload
peta
View
117
Download
0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

第四章存储器. 4.1 概述. 4.2 主存储器. 4.3 高速缓冲存储器. 4.4 辅助存储器. 非易失. 4.1 概述. 一、存储器分类. 1. 按存储介质分类. 易失. (1) 半导体存储器. TTL 、MOS. (2) 磁表面存储器. 磁头、载磁体. (3) 磁芯存储器. 硬磁材料、环状元件. (4) 光盘存储器. 激光、磁光材料. 4.1. 2. 按存取方式分类. (1) 存取时间与物理地址无关（随机访问）. 随机存储器. 在程序的执行过程中可读可写. 只读存储器. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
4.1 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) TTL MOS
(1) 4.12. (2)
CacheFlash Memory3. 4.1
1. 4.1
4.1
4.2 1.
2. CPU 4.2
24 16 32 3. 4.2224 = 16 M8 M4 M
(2) 4. (1) (3) /4.2
1. 1K 416K 18K 81041411384.2
16K 1 64K 8 324.2
2. (1) 4.2
(2) 4.20,0
( RAM ) 1. RAM (SRAM) (1) RAM A A 4.2T1 ~ T4
RAM 4.2
RAM 4.2
(2) RAM Intel 2114 1K44.2
Intel 2114 RAM (64 64) 4.2
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
4.2 Intel 2114 RAM (64 64)
(3) RAM 4.2
(4) RAM (2114) 4.2
(1) RAM 2. RAM ( DRAM ) 1CS 1 04.2T
(2) RAM RAM (Intel 1103) 4.2
RAM (Intel 1103) 4.2
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
4.2 RAM (Intel 1103)
RAM 4116 (16K 1) 4.2
4116 (16K 1) 4.263000
4116 (16K 1) 4.2630
(3) RAM DOUT DIN 4.2
(4) RAM 32/4000 100% = 0.8% 0.5 s 32 = 16 s4.2 32 32
tC = tM + tR 1s( 0.5 s + 0.5 s)4.2 128 128
128 128 0.5s 0.5 s 2 ms 64 s4.2
3. RAM RAM 4.2
ROM 1. ROM ( MROM ) MOS 1 MOS 0 2. PROM () 4.2
3. EPROM ( ) (1) N MOS 4.2
(2) 2716 EPROM 4.2
4. EEPROM ( ) 5. Flash Memory () E2PROM4.2EPROM EEPROM RAM
CPU 1. 2 1K 4 1K 8 4.2
(2) 2 1K 8 2K 8 4.2
(3) 8 1K 4 4K 8 4.2
2. CPU (1) (2) (3) /(4) (5) (6) 4.2
4.1 : (1) (2) A15A14A13 A11 A10 A7 A4 A3 A04.2
(3) A10~ A0 2K 8 ROM A9 ~ A0 1K 4 RAM (4) 4.2
4.1 CPU 4.2
(1) (2) (3) (4) 1 4K 8 ROM 2 4K 8 RAMA11~ A0 ROM RAM 4.2
138 CPU 2764 F0000H~FFFFFH , 2764 4.2
L D C 4.21 .
2k n + k + 12i ( i = 012 3 ) 4.22 .
Ci gi 2i1 gi gj 2i1 + 2j1 gigj gl 2i1 + 2j1 + 2l1 4.2
4.4 0101 n = 4 2k n + k + 1 k = 3:C1 C2 C40 0101 01001014.210
0011 C1 C2 C41 0 0 n = 4 2k n + k + 1 k = 3 0011 100001114.2
3. Pi 3 k = 3 P4 P2 P1 k = 3 Pi P1= 0P2 = 0P4 = 0C1C2C44.2
P4P2P1 = 110 6 0100101 01014.54.2
2 P4 P2 P1 = 100 4 01010114.2
1. 4.2
2. (1) 4.2
(2) 4.2
4.2 0 1 2 3
(3) CPU 4.2
4.3 1. CPU CPU DRAM
2. Cache (1) B 4.3
(2) M >> C 4.3
(3) Cache CPU Cache Cache 4 8 CRAY_1 16 16 IBM 370/168 4 4 644 = 2564.3
3. Cache CPU 4.3
4. Cache Cache 4.3
5. Cache (1) Cache Cache Cache(2) Cache CachePentium 8K Cache 8K CachePowerPC620 32K Cache 32K Cache4.3
Cache 1. i j i = j mod C4.3
2. 4.3
j Q i i = j mod Q3. 4.3
1. FIFO 2. LRU 4.3
4.4 1. CPU 2. C = n k s + Dr = D V
1. 4.4
4.4
2. 4.4
NRZ1 4.4
1. (1) (2) 2. 4.4
(1) 4.4
(2) (3) 4.4
1. 4.4
2. 4.4
1. 2. 4.4