Infrared Absorption Spectrometry,IR

,,,,-,,T%,

4.1

/m/cm-1()0.78~2.512820~4000OHNHCH()2.5~504000~200()50~1000200~102.5~154000~670

,,,,, IRT- T- T%,,m cm-1 ) /cm-1 = 104/ (/ m) = 1 / (/ m) 4000-400cm-1 ,Raman

4.1 IR

4.2IR

4.3

1. ,2. ,,3. ,,,,

1-,2,, 3 45,,67GC-FTIR

() ,,KN/cm = mdyn/,

Avogaro,

k k,kCC(2222cm-1)>kC=C(1667cm-1)>kC-C(1429cm-1)(m,mC-C(1430cm-1)

4.4

()

aa',bb'4.5

=0=1 2885.9cm1 , =0=2 5668.0 cm -1, =0=3 8346.9 cm-1, =0=4 10923.1 cm1 =0=5 13396.5 cm1 ,,HCl,CO

HCl

()

1. ,,s as,,,,

2. s

4.6(b)

4.7 CO2

, 3N=xyz(a)(b)(c)4.8

4.9

=3N+yzx4.9

4.10 H2O HHyHHz

n1. ,=3n-6 H2O,33-6=34.11

2. ,=3n-5 CO2,33-5=44.12 CO2+ - +

,xyz,,,3N-6,,H2O3,: 3650cm1,1595c m1,3750 cm1,3 12-6=30

,Ev , EV=V+1/2h,V, 0,1,2, EV= Vh ,EV=Eaa= V,V=0V=1,V=1,a=

a4.13

,

(1) ,(2) ,(3) (4)

() 1 ,C=O,C-X,,,C=C,C-C,C=X,C-X,,vs)smwvw 2 3 4

, 40001300 cm-1,,,,,

1300600cm-1,,,, l40002500 cm-1 xH(xONC) OH37003200 cm-1,COOH36002500 cm-1,NH 35003300 cm-13300 cm-1,,3000 cm-1CH,=CH3000 cm-1,

225002000 cm-1 ,CCCN,SHSiHPHBH320001500 cm-1 ,,CO()18701600 cm-1,,CCCNN=O 16751500 cm-1,C=C

l1300900 cm-1 COCNCFCPCSPOSiOC=SS=OP=O2900600 cm-1 ,CH2n, n 4, CH2 722 cm-1,n,,

4.2 X-H4000-2500cm-1

4.3 25001900cm-1

4.4 1900-1200cm-1

C=O19001650cm-1C=C1680-1620cm-116001500242000-1650cm-1C-HC=C

4.14

(,,,

4.5

4000-2500cm-1 X-H2500-2000cm-1 2000-1500cm-1 1500-1300cm-1 C-H1300-910cm-1 910cm-1

X-HX=ONCOH 3200-3650cm-1NH 3300-3500cm-1CH 3000cm-1CCH3000cm-1

4.6 C-X4.7,,

/cm-1CHCC30001000CI500

(N/cm)/cm-1C-C4~61200~800C=C 8~12~1600CC12~18~2200

4.15 OH OH OH3600 ()3300 (,)

4.16 NHNH2 NH320034003300

4.17 CHC30803030

4.18 CC CN OCO ()2140()2240()2350()

4.19C=C 1740160015001640

4.20 C-HCH3 CCH3 CH3 CH2 146013801460

C-H 770-730,710-6901,2 7701,3 810-750,710-6901,4 830-8101,3,5 910-8401,2,4 810,850-900

()1 ,,,,,Cl,,,C=O,C=O,,

C=01715cm-1

1730cm -1

1800cm 1

1920cm 1

1928cm 1

(2 C=O,,C=O, I>M1735cm-1 1715cm-1 I

,RCH=CH2,9909l0 cm-1;RHC=CRH,690 cm-1970 cm-1

CH20001667 cm-1,

3 ,,,,C=O 1715cm-1

C=O 1685--1665cm-1

4 XHYXHY,,XHHY,XH,, ,,c=o,,1760cm-1CO,1710cm-1C=O

(5) ,,,,,,,,,c=o,1820cm-11760cm-1

4.21

(6)Fermi (),,

,, c=o 1742 cm-1 1718 cm-1,,,,

,,,

1 4.8

2. ,,,4.9

3. , ,,,,,,,

1,

2,

3

4.

,

4.10

,,, 4.22

4.23

,Miche1son 1 ,,/2,,,,/2,,,,,

4.24 IsS

4.25

2 123 4 1000010cm-1,0.1%,

1>98%,, GC-FTIR23,T ()12 3CS2CCl4

,NaCIKBr100mm,,

1 NaCIKBr2 ,,12,

()112mg+200mg KBr 2 m2,3

,12,3

1. 2 ,,,,

2. ,,12 ,

=0,, =1, =2, =3, =4,SO3,4,5UV-VisMSNMRRaman

1 C12H24 ,4.27 C12H24

1 =1+12+(0-24)/2=1 2 3075cm-1,,,1640cm-1C=C, 30002800cm-129202850cm-1CH2CH3,715cm-1CH

980915cm-1CH,, CH2=CHCH29CH31460cm-1 CH2CH3296028701375CH3

2 C8H8O2,4.28 C8H8O

1 =1+8+(0-8)/2=5 (2) ,3000cm-1, CH=CH 1700cm-1,CO1600cm-115201430cm-1,820cm-1,14301363cm-1CH3,:

,,,lSadtler Sadtler research laborationies,1974,47000,,2. DMS(documentation of molecular spectroscopy) ,,,

3API API,19713064,,

1 ,,,,

C,A1A2,,b1=b2, , R R ,K,:K

2 ,,,I0,I,log I0/I1 12,,A1a1b1c1 A2=a2b2c2,

1. 20012. 20013. 2002

4. 20025.C8H10AB6.8cm10.2cmA_____B_____2001

6.900cm-1690cm-1 A. B. C. D.20017. A.324 B.23, 4 C.34, 2 D.42320038. A.CCl4 B.CS2 C.CHCl3 D.CDCl32003

9. A. B. C. D. E.199910.C2H6O( )A.3500~3200cm-1 B3000~2700cm-1 C1900~1650cm-1 D.1670~1500cm-1 E1270~1000 cm-1 2001

11.294357,:3000cm-11460cm-11380 cm-11720 cm-1,( ) A. B. C. D.200112.3400~3200cm-1 A B C D

13.C8H10IR200014.CO2

15.CO2170cm-1:(1)CO(2)14CO C-12,O=16200216.3CO2CO22000

17.3CO2 ?CO2 IR2349cm-1667 cm-1200118.C7H7NO2002