رژیمهای غذایی موثر برتقویت حافظه وتغذیه بیماران آلزایمر

2

موثر غذایی رژیمهایحافظه برتقویت

آلزایمر بیماران وتغذیهنیا مرادی میترا دکتر

استان سالمندان واحد آموزشی هسته پزشکMITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH

3

پیریمی خوی;ش ب;ه جوان;ی در

گفتماگرچه اس;ت شی;ر شی;ر

بود پیرنیک پی;;ر شدم چون

دانستم پی;ر شیر پی;ر اگرچ;ه اس;ت

بود.MITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH

MITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH 4

کندتر سن، افزایش با حافظه و مغز عملکرد

از هایی قسمت تقویت دلیل همین به شود میمثل شوند می آن سالمت بهبود باعث که مغز

است مهم حافظه، قدرتمواد دقیق انتخاب حافظه، تقویت برای راه یک

است روزانه غذایی برنامه در مفید غذایی

مقدمه



داده نشان دانشمندان تحقیقات

از منظم طور به که افرادی است،غیرمغذی و ناسالم غذاهای

دچار سرانجام کنند، می استفادهحافظه قدرت فقدان و مغز زوال

. شوند می

سبک زندگی پر خطر

کشیدن سیگار

مصرف زیاد چربی وشیرینی

مصرف ناکافی غذاهای حاوی آنتی اکسیدان

عدم تحرک و ورزش نکردن

7


از توان می سالم تغذیه بابیماریها از بسیاری بروز

نمود .پیشگیری

Progression of AtherosclerosisHealthyartery

Earlylesion

Vulnerableplaque

Stable plaque“Fibrofatty” stage

Lumen maintained

Thin cap = high risk of thrombosis

Thick cap = low risk of thrombosis;

stenosis may cause angina, claudication

Intima thickens, atheromatous gruel

forms under cap

Lumen narrows

teenager 50 year old

Atherosclerosis is the progressive narrowing of arteries caused by the body’s natural response (scarring) to the chronic injury of high cholesterol, improper diet, high

blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, etc. 10

How Does a Heart Attack Occur?




According to the most current research, a

brain-healthy diet is one that reduces the risk of heart disease and diabetes, encourages good blood flow to the brain, and is low in fat and cholesterol.

Like the heart, the brain needs the right balance of nutrients, including protein and sugar, to function well. A brain-healthy diet is most effective when combined with physical and mental activity and social interaction.


Mayo Clinic researchers found that the

prevalence of mild cognitive impairment decreased with an increase in the consumption of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Diet May Lower Risk of Cognitive

Impairment

http://www.mayoclinic.org/mild-cognitive-impairment/

MITRA MORADINIA MD 15

چربیها :انواع

اشباع 1( نباتی% 7چربیهای وروغنهای حیوانی مانندروغنهایCH3-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-COOH جامد

چربیهای غیر اشباع شامل دو دسته :2(%مانندروغن زیتون،بادام زمینی وکلزا15تک غیر اشباع

)ماهی، گردو،شاهدانه( 3%مانند امگا10وچند غیر اشباع)آفتابگردان،ذرت ،سویا(6وامگا

c-c-c-c-c= CH3-c-c-c-c-c= c-c-c-c-c-c-COOH


. Monounsaturated fatty acids are commonly

found in olive oil and canola oils, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as

Omega 3 or Omega 6 fatty acids, are commonly found in most varieties of nuts, seeds and fish. This study was published in the September issue of Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.


Mild cognitive impairment is an

intermediate state between normal cognitive aging and dementia.


Individuals with mild cognitive impairment can

function reasonably well in everyday activities, but may have difficulty remembering details of recent conversations, events and upcoming appointments, or in planning and making decisions.


Manage your body weight for overall good

health of brain and body. A long-term study of 1,500 adults found that those who were obese in middle age were twice as likely to develop dementia in later life. Those who also had high cholesterol and high blood pressure had six times the risk of dementia. Adopt an overall food lifestyle, rather than a short-term diet, and eat in moderation.

Manage your body weight

http://www.alz.org/what-is-dementia.asp

خوردن صبحانه: خوردن صبحانه به میزان قابل توجهی منجر به

کاهش چسبندگی پالکت ها و کاهش لخته خون می شود.

بتا ترومبو گلوبین ،فاکتور نمایانگر فعالیتپالکت ها برای ایجاد لخته خون ، در افرادی که

صبحانه میخورند نسبت به آنهایی که نمی برابر بیشتر است.5/2خورند،

افرادی که صبحانه نمیخورند نسبت به آنهایی که

می خورند،چاق ترند.MITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH 20


Studies have shown that high intake of

saturated fat and cholesterol clogs the arteries and is associated with higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease. However, HDL )or “good”( cholesterol may help protect brain cells. Use mono- and polyunsaturated fats, such as olive oil, for example.

Reduce your intake of foods high in fat and

cholesterol.

http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp


Try baking or grilling food instead

of frying.



Current research suggests that certain foods

may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, and appear to protect brain cells.

Increase your intake of protective foods.


Experts agree that Alzheimer's, like other

common chronic conditions, usually develops as a result of complex interactions among multiple factors, including age, genetics, environment and lifestyle, and coexisting medical conditions.


High-carb diet linked to higher

risk of cognitive impairment after age 70, Mayo study finds

27

The risk of developing Alzheimer's or

vascular dementia appears to increase as a result of many conditions that damage the heart or blood vessels. These include high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and high cholesterol. Some autopsy studies show that as many as 80 percent of individuals with Alzheimer's disease also have cardiovascular disease.

Heart–head connection

MITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH

http://www.alz.org/dementia/vascular-dementia-symptoms.asp



Some of the strongest current evidence links

brain health to heart health. Your brain is nourished by one of your body's

richest networks of blood vessels. Every heartbeat pumps about 20 to 25 percent of your blood to your head, where brain cells use at least 20 percent of the food and oxygen your blood carries.

Brain food


کندر عسل انارسیبسرکه ، آ ای، ویتامین ، اکسیدان آنتی حاوی غذایی مواد وکلیه

وسی


تقویت در مفید خوراکیهای برخیحافظه

In general, dark-skinned fruits and vegetables have the

highest levels of naturally occurring antioxidant levels. Such vegetables include: kale, spinach, brussels sprouts, alfalfa sprouts, broccoli, beets, red bell pepper, onion, corn and eggplant. بروکلی – – – – – کلم گل یونجه جوانه بروکسل کلم اسفناج پیچ کلم

بادمجان – – – - ذرت پیاز قرمز فلفل چغندر Fruits with high antioxidant levels include prunes,

raisins, blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, raspberries, plums, oranges, red grapes and cherries.

تمشک – – – – – فرنگی توت توت شاه یا سیاه توت اخته زغال کشمش آلوگیالس– - – – سیاه انگور پرتقال گوجه

رنگ با وسبزیهای ها میوهباالی سطوح حاوی تیره

اکسیدان آنتی



و »كندر« نامهاي با سنتي طب كتب در و »كندر« فارسي به

هندي به است شده آورده ذكر« »ليبان و ،»ليبان« »لبان«را ان انواع فرانسوي به و Oliban لوبان ، Encens male

انگليسي Encens indien و به و Olibanum وFrankincense كه است رزيني صمغ شود مي گفته

خانوادة از است اي درختچه گياه شود مي گرفته ازگياهيBurseraceae آن علمي Boswellia carterii نام

Birdw. رويد مي حبشه و عربستان در گونه اين باشد . مي


کندر

مزه ای که است نام همین به گیاهی صمغ حقیقت در کندر

. توسط قدیم بسیار زمان های از صمغ این دارد تلخ و گسبیماری ها از بسیاری درمان برای سنتی طب درمانگران

به نیز امروزه و بوده استفاده خوراکی، ۳مورد صورتمی شود مصرف بخور و .موضعی


کندر

سفيد شيرابه كنند مي ايجاد كندر مولد درختچة تنة در كه شكافي با

اين شود مي خارج آن از است كندر رزيني صمغ همان كه رنگيدر كه كندر صورت وبه شده سفت تدريج به هوا مجاورت در شيرابه . بازار در كه است رزيني صمغ كندر آيد مي در شود مي عرضه بازار

شود مي فروخته بلوط شاه اب;عاد در يا و كوچك قطعات صورت به . در معموال گس كمي و معطر و تلخ طعم با خشك است صمغي

از را ديگري و افري;قا از را يكي شود مي عرضه كندر دونوع تجارتگرد كوچك قطعات شكل به يا افريقا كندر آورند مي هندوستان;

. است كاه رنگ به اشكي كندر بلوط شاه قدر به بزرگتر يا و اشكيمانند و كدر آن مقطع شود شكسته اگر و شود مي نرم دندان زير

. است غيرخالص و رنگ قرمز بلوطي شاه كندر و باشد مي موم


از بزرگتر است پارچه صورت به هندوستان كندر اما

معموال و گرد و تيره كمي زرد آن رنگ افريقا، كندر قطعاتصمغ طعم و بو شبيه ، باشد مي معطري طعم و بو داراي

. كاج رزيني


از و است خشك و گرم كندر سنتي طب حكماي نظر از

بند و قابض و كننده خشك كه معتقدند آن خواص نظرتقويت براي و برد مي تحليل را گازها است خون آورندة

باشد . مي نافع حافظه مي جلوگيري سينه از خونروي و خارجي هاي خونريزي از

بيني بدبويي رفع براي شود خورده عربي صمغ با اگر و كنداست . نافع رطوبتي مزمن وسرفة نفس تنگي و

است مفيد فراموشي رفع براي شود خورده عسل با اگرروز هر روز چند تا ناشتا 3اگر و بخيسانند آب در را آن گرم

است . مفيد بلغم زيادي و فراموشي رفع براي بخورندMITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH 38

کندر خواص


. There is some indication that vitamins, such

as vitamin E, or vitamins E and C together, vitamin B12 and folate may be important in lowering your risk of developing Alzheimer’s. A brain-healthy diet will help increase your intake of these vitamins and the trace elements necessary for the body to use them effectively

Vitamins may be helpful.


Cold water fish contain beneficial omega-3

fatty acids: halibut, mackerel, salmon, trout and tuna.

Some nuts can be a useful part of your diet; almonds, pecans and walnuts are a good source of vitamin E, an antioxidant.

:روغن ماهی - باالتری 3ماهیهای چرب امگا

دارندمثل آزاد،ساردين،شاه ماهي،خال مخالي

خطر ماهیوعده 3تا 2مصرف هفته درکاهش را وآلزایمر وعروقی قلبی بیماریهای

. دهد می

MITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH41

و 3 ، امگا اسيدهاي چرب غيراشباعدو نوع مهم . هستند6امگا

را در بدن 6 و امگا3انسانها توانايي سنتز امگا.ندارند ولي گياهان اين توانايي را دارند

بدليل اين كه انسان نميتواند اين دو نوع اسيد چرب را در بدن سنتز

كند،براي بدن ضروري محسوب شده و حتما بايد از طريق رژيم غذايي

.دريافت گردند




داشته کراهت چیزی از بسا چه

خیر آن در وخداوند باشیدباشد داده قرار .بسیاری



Regular, nutritious meals may

become a challenge for people with dementia.

As a person's cognitive function declines, he or she may become overwhelmed with too many food choices, forget to eat or have difficulty with eating utensils.

Food, Eating and Alzheimer's


People with Alzheimer's or dementia do not

need a special diet. As with anyone, eating a well-balanced, nutritious diet is important for overall health.

Proper nutrition is important to keep the body strong and healthy. For a person with Alzheimer's or dementia, poor nutrition may increase behavioral symptoms and cause weight loss.

Nutrition tips


Provide a balanced diet with a variety of

foods. Offer vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy products and lean protein foods.

Limit foods with high saturated fat and cholesterol. Some fat is essential for health — but not all fats are equal. Go light on fats that are bad for heart health, such as butter, solid shortening, lard and fatty cuts of meats.

The basic nutrition tips below can help boost the person with

dementia's health and your health as a caregiver, too.


چربی چربی مقدار بر سن افزایش با

نتیجه در شود می افزوده بدنمحدود را چربی مصرف بایستی

کرد . ویتامینهای تامین منظور به گرچه

چرب اسیدهای و چربی در محلولاست نیاز مورد .ضروری


روغنهاي نباتي جامد نه تنها به خاطرباال بودن چربيهاي

اشباع بلكه به خاطر وجود چربيهاي ترانس ، عامل خطر بزرگي براي

و سالمت مي بيماريهاي قلبي عروقي باشند و بهتر است از رژيم

.غذايي حذف شوند


Cut down on refined sugars.

Often found in processed foods, refined sugars contain calories but lack vitamins, minerals and fiber. You can tame a sweet tooth with healthier options like fruit or juice-sweetened baked goods. But note that in the later-stages of Alzheimer's, if loss of appetite is a problem, adding sugar to foods may encourage eating.


As the disease progresses, loss of appetite and weight loss may become concerns. In such cases, the doctor may suggest supplements between meals to add calories.

Staying hydrated may be a problem as well. Encourage fluids by offering small cups of water or other liquids throughout the day or foods with high water content, such as fruit, soups, milkshakes and smoothies.


Not recognizing food. The person may no longer recognize

the foods you put on his or her plate. Poor fitting dentures. Eating may be painful, but the person

may not be able to tell you this. Make sure dentures fit and visit the dentist regularly.

Medications. New medications or a dosage change may affect appetite. If you notice a change, call the doctor.

Not enough exercise. Lack of physical activity will decrease appetite. Encourage simple exercise, such as going for a walk, gardening or washing dishes.

Decreased sense of smell and taste. The person with dementia may not eat because food may not smell or taste as good as it once did.

Possible Causes of Poor Appetite

احتمال افزایش ازعلل ای پارهدرسالمندان سوءتغذیه بروز

کاهش علت به غذا وجذب هضم ظرفیت کاهشمعده واسید گوارشی آنزیمهای

بزاق،تغییر ترشح کاهش علت به اشتها کاهشتحرک،مشکالت غذا،عدم وبوی ومزه طعم دراحساس

تنهایی و روحی غذا وپخت خرید قدرت کاهش دندانی خوراکی مشکالت مواد بعضی حذف ودرنتیجه

سبزیها مثلMITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH54



1-Limit distractions.

Serve meals in quiet surroundings, away from the television and other distractions.

2-Keep the table setting simple. Avoid placing items on the table — such as table arrangements or plastic fruit — that might distract or confuse the person. Use only the utensils needed for the meal.

3-Distinguish food from the plate. Changes in visual and spatial abilities may make it tough for someone with dementia to distinguish food from the plate or the plate from the table. It can help to use white plates or bowls with a contrasting color placemat. Avoid patterned dishes, tablecloths and placemats.

Make mealtimes easier


4-Check the food temperature.

A person with dementia might not be able to tell if something is too hot to eat or drink. Always test the temperature of foods and beverages before serving.

5-Serve only one or two foods at a time. Too many foods at once may be overwhelming. Simplify by serving one dish at a time. For example, mashed potatoes followed by meat.



6-Be flexible to food preferences.

Keep long-standing personal preferences in mind when preparing food, and be aware that a person with dementia may suddenly develop new food preferences or reject foods that were liked in the past.

7-Give the person plenty of time to eat. Remind him or her to chew and swallow carefully. Keep in mind that it may take an hour or longer to finish eating.



8-Eat together.

Make meals an enjoyable social event so everyone looks forward to the experience. Research suggests that people eat better when they are in the company of others.

9-Keep in mind the person may not remember when or if he or she ate. If the person continues to ask about eating breakfast, consider serving several breakfasts — juice, followed by toast, followed by cereal.



During the middle and late stages of

Alzheimer's, allow the person with dementia to be as independent as possible during meals. Be ready to help, when needed.

Encourage independence


Adapt serving dishes and utensils to make

eating easier. You might serve food in a bowl instead of a plate, or try using a plate with rims or protective edges. A spoon with a large handle may be less difficult to handle than a fork, or even let the person use his or her hands if it's easier.

1.Make the most of the person's abilities.


Try bite-sized foods that are easy to pick up,

such as chicken nuggets, fish sticks, tuna sandwiches, orange segments, steamed broccoli or cauliflower pieces.

Serve finger foods.


For example, hold a spoon and show the

person how to eat a bowl of cereal.

Use a "watch me" technique.


Let the person feed himself of herself as much

as possible. Consider getting plates with suction cups and no-spill glasses.

Don't worry about neatness.


In the middle and late stages of Alzheimer's, swallowing

problems can lead to choking and weight loss. Be aware of safety concerns and try these tips:

1-Prepare foods so they aren't hard to chew or swallow. Grind foods, cut them into bite-size pieces or serve soft foods )applesauce, cottage cheese scrambled eggs(.

2-Be alert for signs of choking. Avoid foods that are difficult to chew thoroughly, like raw carrots. Encourage the person to sit up straight with his or her head slightly forward. If the person's head tilts backward, move it to a forward position. At the end of the meal, check the person's mouth to make sure food has been swallowed. Learn the Heimlich maneuver in case of an emergency.

Minimize eating and nutrition problems


3-Address a decreased appetite.

If the person has a decreased appetite, try preparing favorite foods, increase physical activity, or plan for several small meals rather than three large ones. If the person's appetite does not increase and/or he or she is losing weight, consult with the doctor. Keep in mind, as the person's activity level decreases, he or she may not need as many calories.

4-Only use vitamin supplements on the recommendation of a physician.

Minimize eating and nutrition problems


1. بخورید. کامل ای صبحانه2. کنید. اجتناب شده تصفیه های کربوهیدرات از ناهار، برای3. اند. اجباری شده تصفیه های کربوهیدرات شام، برای4. کنید. اجتناب زیاد مقدار به غذا خوردن از5 .امگا حاوی .3غداهای بخورید 6. کنید. مصرف زیاد مقدار به را سبزیجات و میوه7. کنید. رابرطرف فقرآهن8. نمایید. مصرف کافی آب

برای غذایی توصیه هشتحافظه تقویت


69

شعر من که را مرطبیبی پیری خویشتن گفت دماغ از زحیرم در دماغ ضعف آن است ازپیری زظلمت گفت درچشمم گفت

داغ هست قدیم شیخ ای ازپیریست عظیم گفت میاید درد پشتم گفت نزار شیخ ای است ازپیری نبود گفت میخورم هرچه گفت

گوار است ازپیری هم معده ضعف دم گفت مرا دم وقت گفت

است گیری بود دم انقطاع آری شود گفت علت دوصد پیری شود چون دوختی توبراین احمق ای آموختی گفت همین تو طبیبی از است ازنادانی کاین گفت اش طبیب پس است پیری از هم خشم این غضب این

MITRA MORADINIA MD.MPH


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رژیمهای غذایی موثر برتقویت حافظه وتغذیه بیماران آلزایمر