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∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫®“°Õ“À“√‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ·≈–µ‘¥µàÕ°—π‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‡™‘ß

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“∏“√≥ ÿ¢ æ∫«à“ ¡’Õ“À“√‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å Ÿß «“ß®”Àπà“¬„π∑âÕßµ≈“¥ ·≈–«—¬

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THAILAND JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 91January - March 2012


The Trans Fatty Acids Consumptionsamong Adolescents Living in Bangkok

Partial Hydrogenation of vegetable oils resulted in trans fatty acids (TFAs) formation.Previous studies demonstrated the relationship between high amount of TFAs consumption and theincidences of coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. The Bureau ofNutrition, Department of Health Ministry of Public Health reported the amounts of content inmany foods available in the market. Most of them are usually consumed by young generations inurban area so the purpose of this study is to determine the TFAs consumption among adolescentsliving in Bangkok. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling. The intake of foods containingTFAs were daily recorded for 1 week. The difference between the studied variables was performedby t-test at 95% confidence limit. The results revealed that the subjects (63 males; 137 females )were 19.0±1.29 and 19.5±1.30 years old with BMI = 20.9±2.50 and 19.8±2.65 km/m2 , respec-tively. The means of TFAs consumption by males and females were 1.39±0.67 and 0.96±1.30 g/day with significant difference, (p<.05). According to WHO recommendation, TFAs consumptionby Thai adolescents should be ≤ 2.0 g/day and there were 80.1% females and 72.3% males in thisgroup. On holiday the percentages of males and females consumed TFAs > 2.0 g/day significantlyincreased. (p<.05) It was concluded that most adolescents living in Bangkok consumed TFAswithin recommended level (2.0 g/day) and they had tendency to consumed higher TFAs onholiday than school day.

Abstract

∫∑π”Õ“À“√‰¢¡—πª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°√¥‰¢¡—π 2 ™π‘¥

§◊Õ °√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥Õ‘Ë¡µ—« (saturated fatty acids)´÷Ëßæ∫„π‰¢¡—π®“° —µ«å πÈ”¡—π¡–æ√â“«·≈–πÈ”¡—πª“≈å¡ ·≈–°√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥‰¡àÕ‘Ë¡µ—« (unsaturated

fatty acids) ÷Ëßæ∫„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊™µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ¡–°Õ°¢â“«‚æ¥ ‡¡≈Á¥¥Õ°∑“πµ–«—π ∂—Ë«‡À≈◊Õß ·≈–√”¢â“«πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ßæ∫¡“°„ππÈ”¡—π®“°∂—Ë«‡ª≈◊Õ°·¢Áß‡™àπ ∂—Ë«≈‘ ß Õ—≈¡Õπ¥å «Õ≈π—∑ ‡ªìπµâπ1

°√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥‰¡àÕ‘Ë¡µ—«∑’Ëæ∫„π∏√√¡™“µ‘

Pornsri Patimanukaseam Assoc.Prof.Yuttana Panya-ngarm Assoc.Prof.DrDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University

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92 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“æ¥’¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2555

‡µ‘¡‰Œ‚¥√‡®π∫“ß à«π (partial hydrogenation)≈ß„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊™ ÷Ëß®–∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡ªìπ§π≈–¥â“π¢Õßæ—π∏– ‡√’¬°«à“ °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«·∫∫∑√“π å (trans-form) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1)

µ√ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’æ—π∏–§Ÿà (double bond) ¡—°®–¡’°“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß‰Œ‚¥√‡®π„π∑‘»∑“ß‡¥’¬«°—π ‡√’¬°«à“ °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«·∫∫ ‘ (cis-form) ·µà„π¢∫«π°“√º≈‘µÕ“À“√„π‡™‘ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ®–¡’°“√

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß‡§¡’¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—π∑’Ëæ∫„πÕ“À“√

πÈ”¡—πæ◊™∑’Ëºà“π°√–∫«π°“√‡µ‘¡‰Œ‚¥√‡®π∫“ß à«π ®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å‡°‘¥¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 40 ¢Õßª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥2 °“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß‰Œ‚¥√‡®π„π≈—°…≥–π’È πÕ°®“°®–∑”„Àâ√“§“µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ≈¥≈ß·≈â« ¬—ß∑”„ÀâπÈ”¡—π¡’§«“¡§ßµ—« ·≈–¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫π“π¢÷Èπ(long shelf life) ®÷ß‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡π”‰ª„™â„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡°“√º≈‘µÕ“À“√ ‡™àπ ‡π¬‡∑’¬¡‰¢¡—π ”À√—∫∑Õ¥Õ“À“√ ·≈–‰¢¡—π ”À√—∫∑”¢π¡µà“ßÊ ¥—ßπ—Èπ Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑∑Õ¥ À√◊Õ Õ∫°√Õ∫∑’Ë«“ß¢“¬„π∑âÕßµ≈“¥ ‡™àπ ¡—πΩ√—Ëß·ºàπ∑Õ¥¢π¡‡§â° §ÿâ°°’È ‰°à∑Õ¥ œ≈œ ®÷ß‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥∑√“π å§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“° πÕ°®“°π’È ‡¥Á°„π‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ß®–π‘¬¡√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√·∫∫µ–«—πµ°´÷Ëß¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫‡ªìπ‡π¬ (butter) ‡π¬‡∑’¬¡(margarine) ·≈–‡π¬¢“« (shortening) ÷Ëß¡—°®–¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å Ÿß°«à“Õ“À“√

·∫∫‰∑¬3 ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π·µà≈–«—π‡¥Á°«—¬√ÿàπ„π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√Õ“®‰¥â√—∫ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥∑√“π å‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°

®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Mensick ·≈–Katan4 æ∫«à“ À“°°‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥∑√“π å ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 10 ¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë§«√‰¥â√—∫„π 1 «—π ®–∑”„Àâª√‘¡“≥·Õ≈¥’·Õ≈-§Õ‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈ (LDL-cholesterol) À√◊Õ§Õ‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈™π‘¥‰¡à¥’ (bad cholesterol) „π‡≈◊Õ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ „π¢≥–∑’Ëª√‘¡“≥‡Õ™¥’·Õ≈-§Õ‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈(HDL-cholesterol) À√◊Õ§Õ‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈™π‘¥¥’(good cholesterol) „π‡≈◊Õ¥≈¥≈ß

°“√»÷°…“∑“ß√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ ÷Ëß∑”°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°ª√–™“°√ 7 ª√–‡∑»5 √ÿª‰¥â«à“ ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë ‰¥â√—∫®“°Õ“À“√¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‡™‘ß∫«°°—∫°“√‡°‘¥‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥À—«„®(coronary artery disease) πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’



°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë· ¥ß„Àâ ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫®“°Õ“À“√·≈– – ¡Õ¬Ÿà„π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‰¢¡—π (adipose tissue) ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å‡™‘ß∫«° °—∫°“√‡°‘¥‚√§°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„®µ“¬‡æ√“–¢“¥‡≈◊Õ¥ (myocardial infarction)6 ·≈–‚√§À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¢Áß (atherosclerosis)7

®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Kavanagh ·≈–§≥–8

‚¥¬„Àâ≈‘ß„π°≈ÿà¡∑¥≈Õß°‘πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å√âÕ¬≈– 8 ¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫≈‘ß„π°≈ÿà¡§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√æ≈—ßß“π‡∑à“°—π·µà‰¡à¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å ‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π 6 ªïæ∫«à“ ≈‘ß„π°≈ÿà¡∑¥≈Õß¡’πÈ”Àπ—°µ—«¡“°°«à“ ¡’°“√ – ¡‰¢¡—π¿“¬„π™àÕß∑âÕß¡“°°«à“·≈–¡’°“√„™âπÈ”µ“≈„π√à“ß°“¬™â“≈ß‡æ√“–¡’§«“¡∑πµàÕÕ‘π ÿ≈‘π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (insulin resistance)

ªí®®ÿ∫—π À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»„Àâ§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õßª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å„πÕ“À“√¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡™àπ ¡“§¡À—«„®¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (The AmericanHeart Association) ·π–π”«à“ ª√–™“™π§«√‰¥â√—∫ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å ‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 1.0 ¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë§«√‰¥â√—∫9 ·≈– ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√Õ“À“√·≈–¬“ ¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (TheUS Food and Drug Administration)‰¥âª√–°“»„Àâ µ‘ ¥©≈“°· ¥ßª√‘ ¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å „πÕ“À“√ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¡“°°«à“ 0.5 °√—¡µàÕ 1 Àπà«¬∫√‘‚¿§µ—Èß·µà«—π∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ æ.».2551 ‡ªìπµâπ‰ª10 ‡¡◊ËÕºŸâº≈‘µÕ“À“√√–∫ÿ«à“ Õ“À“√π—Èπ¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å°’Ë°√—¡ ®–™à«¬„ÀâºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ “¡“√∂ª√–¡“≥‰¥â«à“ „π·µà≈–«—π‰¥â√—∫°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¡“°πâÕ¬‡æ’¬ß„¥ À√◊Õ‰¥â√—∫°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¡“°°«à“ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë·π–π”À√◊Õ‰¡à

·¡âÕß§å°“√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈° (The WorldHealth Organization; WHO) ®–·π–π”

„Àâª√–™“™π∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å ‰¥â‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 1 ¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë§«√‰¥â√—∫„π·µà≈–«—π11 ·µà®“°√“¬ß“π°“√ ”√«®°“√∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¢Õß™“«µ–«—πµ°12-13 æ∫«à“ à«π„À≠à ¬—ß∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å Ÿß°«à“ª√‘¡“≥∑’ËÕß§å°“√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈°·π–π” ‡™àπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ æ∫«à“¡’°“√∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å Ÿß∂÷ß 5.8 °√—¡µàÕ«—π À√◊Õ ‰Õ å·≈π¥å ∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å 5.4°√—¡µàÕ«—π ‡ªìπµâπ ¥—ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È

ª√–‡∑» °√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å

(°√—¡/«—π)

À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 5.8

‰Õ´å·≈π¥å 5.4

‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å 4.3

‡∫≈‡¬’Ë¬¡ 4.1

πÕ√å‡«¬å 4.0

Õ—ß°ƒ… 2.8

Ω√—Ëß‡» 2.3

‡¥π¡“√å° 2.6

‡¬Õ√¡—ππ’ 2.2

‡ªπ 2.1

‚ª√µÿ‡° 1.6

Õ‘µ“≈’ 1.6

‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª√–™“™π∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π åπâÕ¬≈ß Àπà«¬ß“π¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æª√–‡∑»·§π“¥“(Health Canada) ®÷ß‰¥â¢Õ„ÀâºŸâª√–°Õ∫Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊™ ·≈–‡π¬‡∑’¬¡„ÀâµË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 2.0 ·≈–„πÕ“À“√™π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ„Àâ¡’ª√‘¡“≥µË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 5.0¢Õßª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥14 ·µà ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬°“√√≥√ß§å„Àâª√–™“™πµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ßÕ—πµ√“¬¢Õß

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94 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“æ¥’¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2555

°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¬—ß§àÕπ¢â“ßπâÕ¬ Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë®–°”Àπ¥„ÀâºŸâº≈‘µ√–∫ÿª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å„πÕ“À“√ ·≈–®“°√“¬ß“π°“√ ”√«®ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å„πÕ“À“√Õ∫·≈–∑Õ¥®”π«π 65 µ—«Õ¬à“ß ®“°Àâ“ß √√æ ‘π§â“·≈–µ≈“¥∑—Ë«‰ª3 · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“¡’Õ“À“√‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å Ÿß ·≈– à«π„À≠à‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë‡¥Á°„π«—¬‡√’¬π·≈–«—¬√ÿàππ‘¬¡∫√‘‚¿§‡ªìπª√–®”

«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å°“√»÷°…“°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕ ”√«®

°“√∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¢Õß‡¥Á°«—¬√ÿàπ°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß´÷ËßÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√

«‘∏’°“√»÷°…“°“√«‘®—¬·∫∫æ√√≥π“‡™‘ß‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫

(comparative descriptive research) §√—Èßπ’Èª√–™“°√‡ªìπ‡¥Á°«—¬√ÿàπ‰∑¬∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß 15-20

ªï ´÷ËßÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ ‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 5ªï ∑”°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â«¬«‘∏’‡≈◊Õ° ÿà¡·∫∫ –¥«°(convenience sampling) ‚¥¬·®°·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡·≈–‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ µ—Èß·µà«—π∑’Ë 1 æƒ»®‘°“¬π 2553 ®π‰¥â·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡ àß°≈—∫¡“§√∫ 200 §π

‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√«‘®—¬§◊Õ ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«π∫ÿ§§≈ ·∫∫∫—π∑÷°æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¬âÕπÀ≈—ß 24™—Ë«‚¡ß (24-hour dietary recall) ¢Õß∑ÿ°«—π ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 7 «—π µ‘¥µàÕ°—π ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ«—π„¥°Á‰¥â ∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“ “ ¡—§√‰¥â√—∫§”·π–π”‡°’Ë¬«°—∫«‘∏’∫—π∑÷°ª√‘¡“≥Õ“À“√‡ªìπÀπà«¬∫√‘‚¿§∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â®π‡¢â“„®¥’·≈â«®÷ß√—∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡‰ª∑”°“√∫—π∑÷° (¥—ß· ¥ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡°≈—∫¡“·≈â«®÷ß√«∫√«¡·≈–§”π«≥‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‡ªìπÀπà«¬°√—¡µàÕ«—π

«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬„™â ∂‘µ‘‡™‘ßæ√√≥π“ ·≈–À“§«“¡·µ°µà“ß√–À«à“ß§–·ππ‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑’Ë„ÀâÕ“ “ ¡—§√∑”°“√∫—π∑÷°„π·∫∫∫—π∑÷°

æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¬âÕπÀ≈—ß 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß

µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√ Àπà«¬∫√‘‚¿§ Trans fat

(¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡)


(¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡)

1. ‡§â°‡π¬ 80 °√—¡ (2 ™‘Èπ) 320 9. ‡Õ·§≈√å 55 °√—¡ (3 ™‘Èπ) 130

2. ‡§â°°≈â«¬ÀÕ¡ 80 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 248 10. ‚¥π—∑‰¡à¡’‰ â 55 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 97

3. ‡§â°º≈‰¡â 80 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 189 11. ‚¥π—∑‰ â§√’¡ 55 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 455

4. ‡§â° Õ¥‰ â§√’¡ 75 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 97 12. ∫√“«π’ 30 °√—¡ (1/2 ™‘Èπ) 94

(‡™àπ ¬Ÿ‚√) 13. ‡«‡øÕ√å‡§≈◊Õ∫ 30 °√—¡ (3™‘Èπ) 131

5. §ÿâ°°’È 30 °√—¡ (3 ™‘Èπ) 101 ™Õ§‚°·≈µ

6. ·§√°‡°Õ√å Õ¥‰ â§√’¡ 30 °√—¡ (3 ™‘Èπ) 58 14. ¢π¡ªíß∑“‡π¬ 30 °√—¡ (5 ™‘Èπ) 69

7. æ“¬ 55 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 241 (Õ∫°√Õ∫)

8. ·¬¡‚√≈ 55 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 150 15. ¢π¡ªíß‡π¬ ¥ 50 °√—¡ (1.5 ™‘Èπ) 56



µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑’Ë„ÀâÕ“ “ ¡—§√∑”°“√∫—π∑÷°„π·∫∫∫—π∑÷°

æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¬âÕπÀ≈—ß 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß(µàÕ)


(¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡)


(¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡)

16. ¢π¡ªíß‰ â°√Õ° 50 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 95 32. ¢π¡‡°≈’¬« 10 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 11

17. ·´π«‘ ·Œ¡™’ 55 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 142 33. ¢π¡¥Õ°®Õ° 10 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 31

18. ·´π«‘ ∑Ÿπà“ 55 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 110 34. ¢π¡‰¢àÀß å 25 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 4

19. ·Œ¡‡∫Õ‡°Õ√åÀ¡Ÿ 135 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 324 35. ´“≈“‡ª“∑Õ¥ 40 °√—¡(1 ™‘Èπ) 11

20. ·Œ¡‡∫Õ‡°Õ√å‡π◊ÈÕ 200 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 466 ·∫∫‰∑¬ ‰ â∂—Ë«

21. ·Œ¡‡∫Õ‡°Õ√å‰°à 150 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 198 36. ¢π¡ªíôπ¢≈‘∫∑Õ¥ 5 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 11

22. æ‘´´“ 176 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 200 37. °≈â«¬·¢° 40 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 96

23. ‰°àªÖÕ∫ 40 °√—¡ (5 ™‘Èπ) 102 38. ¢â“«‚æ¥∑Õ¥ 40 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 95

24. π—°‡°Áµ 40 °√—¡ (2 ™‘Èπ) 73 39. ‡µâ“ÀŸâ∑Õ¥ 57 °√—¡ (™‘Èπ) 115

25. ‰°à∑Õ¥·∫∫‰∑¬ 80 °√—¡(1 ™‘ÈππàÕß) 217 40. ‡º◊Õ°∑Õ¥ 40 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 98

26. ‰°à∑Õ¥·∫∫Ω√—Ëß 80 °√—¡(1 ™‘ÈππàÕß) 173 41. ∂—Ë«≈‘ ß∑Õ¥·∫∫ 12 °√—¡ (1 ™‘Èπ) 16

27. À¡Ÿ∑Õ¥ 40 °√—¡ (5 ™‘Èπ) 142 ·ºàπ°≈¡

28. ª≈“µ—«‡≈Á°∑Õ¥ 5 °√—¡ (1 ™µ.) 21 42. ¡—πΩ√—Ëß·ºàπ ‡™àπ 45 °√—¡ (1 ∂ÿß) 3,000

29. ‡π◊ÈÕ∑Õ¥ 40 °√—¡ (5 ™‘Èπ) 118 ‡√¬å, æ√‘ß‡°‘≈

30. ª“∑àÕß‚°ã 27 °√—¡ (1 §Ÿà) 53 43. ¡—πΩ√—Ëß‡ âπ∑Õ¥ 71 °√—¡ (1 ∂ÿß) 5,500

31. ´“≈“‡ª“ 40 °√—¡ (™‘Èπ ) 62 (‡ø√âπ åø√“¬)

æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õß°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ‘ √–2 °≈ÿà¡¥â«¬°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ∑’ (independent t-test)∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ√âÕ¬≈– 95

º≈°“√»÷°…“ºŸâ‡¢â“√à«¡°“√«‘®—¬ ®”π«π 200 §π ‡ªìπ

‡æ»™“¬ 67 §π·≈–‡æ»À≠‘ß 163 §π ¡’Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’Ë¬19.0±1.29 ·≈– 19.5±1.30 ªï §à“¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬(Body mass index; BMI) ¢Õß°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡æ»™“¬ (20.9±2.50 °‘‚≈°√—¡/µ√.¡.) Ÿß°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß (19.8±2.65 °‘‚≈°√—¡/µ√.¡.) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2)

‡¡◊ËÕ®”·π°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ“¡§à“¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬ ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ºÕ¡ (skinny) §à“ BMI < 18.5°‘‚≈°√—¡/µ√.¡. °≈ÿà¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª°µ‘ (normal)§à“ BMI= 18.5-22.9 °‘‚≈°√—¡/µ√.¡. ·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫πÈ”Àπ—°‡°‘π (overweight) §à“ BMI>22.9 °‘‚≈°√—¡/µ√.¡. æ∫«à“ ®”π«π‡æ»™“¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åºÕ¡ ¡’‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 17.9 ´÷ËßπâÕ¬°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß´÷Ëß¡’®”π«π∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 39.1 Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<.05) „π¢≥–∑’Ë®”π«π‡æ»™“¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åª°µ‘ (√âÕ¬≈– 65.7) ·≈–‡°≥±åπÈ”Àπ—°‡°‘π (√âÕ¬≈– 16.4) ¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß (√âÕ¬≈– 48.9 ·≈– 12.0) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠

∫ ∑ «‘ ∑ ¬ “ ° “ √

96 °√¡Õπ“¡—¬ àß‡ √‘¡„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ÿ¢¿“æ¥’¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡ 2555

∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ‡™àπ°—π (p<.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2)°“√®”·π°°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ßµ“¡∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬æ∫

«à“ °≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß à«π„À≠àÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∫‘¥“¡“√¥“(√âÕ¬≈– 56.7 ¢Õß‡æ»™“¬ ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 53.4 ¢Õß‡æ»À≠‘ß) √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ÀÕæ—° à«π∑’ËÕ“»—¬°—∫≠“µ‘§àÕπ¢â“ßπâÕ¬ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑“ß ∂‘µ‘æ∫«à“∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õß°≈ÿà¡‡æ»™“¬·≈–À≠‘ß‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2)

°“√«‘ ‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§®“°∫—π∑÷°æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å„π‡«≈“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 7«—πµ‘¥µàÕ°—π æ∫«à“ °≈ÿà¡‡æ»™“¬¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§ (1.39±0.67 °√—¡µàÕ«—π) ¡“°°«à“°≈ÿà¡‡æ»À≠‘ß (0.96±1.30 °√—¡µàÕ«—π) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<.05) ·≈–

1. ®”π«π (§π) 67 163

2. Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’Ë¬ (ªï) 19.0 19.5

(1.29) (1.30)

3. ¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬ (°‘‚≈°√—¡/µ√.¡.) 20.9 19.8 *

(2.50) (2.65)

4. °≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß®”·π°µ“¡§à“¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–)

‡°≥±åºÕ¡ (¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬ <18.5 °°/¡2) 17.9 39.1*

‡°≥±åª°µ‘(¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬ 18.5-24.5 °°/¡2) 76.2 48.9*

‡°≥±åπÈ”Àπ—°‡°‘π (¥—™π’¡«≈°“¬ >24.5 °°/¡2) 5.9 12.0*

5. °≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß®”·π°µ“¡∑’Ëæ—°Õ“»—¬ (√âÕ¬≈–)

Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∫‘¥“¡“√¥“ 56.7 53.4

Õ¬Ÿà°—∫≠“µ‘ 4.5 5.3

Õ¬ŸàÀÕæ—° 38.8 41.3

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«π∫ÿ§§≈¢Õß°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë»÷°…“ ™“¬ À≠‘ß

( ) = §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π (S.D.)

* = ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§Ÿà∑’Ë·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (significant difference (p<.05))

‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√∫√‘‚¿§§à“‡©≈’Ë¬ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§„π√–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë¡“‡√’¬π ·≈–«—πÀ¬ÿ¥ æ∫«à“ ‡æ»™“¬∫√‘‚¿§‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<.05)°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È æ∫«à“ ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§„π«—π¡“‡√’¬π·≈–«—πÀ¬ÿ¥ §◊Õ 8.1·≈– 9.2 °√—¡µàÕ«—π„π‡æ»™“¬ ·≈– 6.1 ·≈– 7.7°√—¡µàÕ«—π„π‡æ»À≠‘ß (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3)

‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õß§å°“√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈° ·π–π”„Àâª√–™“™π∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å ‰¥â‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈–1 ¢Õßæ≈—ßß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë§«√‰¥â√—∫„π 1 «—π·≈– ”π—°‚¿™π“°“√ °√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·π–π”„Àâ«—¬√ÿàπ ‰¥â√—∫æ≈—ßß“π®“°Õ“À“√«—π≈–2,000 °‘‚≈§“≈Õ√’15 °“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È®÷ß„™âª√‘¡“≥°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å 2.0 °√—¡µàÕ«—π‡ªìπ‡°≥±å„π



°“√®”·π°°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π åÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å ·≈–¡“°°«à“‡°≥±å∑’Ë·π–π” º≈°“√®”·π° æ∫«à“ „π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‰¢¡—π∑√“π åÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å∑’Ë·π–π” ¡’®”π«π‡æ»À≠‘ß (√âÕ¬≈– 80.1) ¡“°°«à“‡æ»™“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–72.3) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<.05) à«π„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¡“°°«à“‡°≥±å∑’Ë·π–π”¡’®”π«π‡æ»™“¬√âÕ¬≈– 27.7 ¡“°°«à“‡æ»À≠‘ß∑’Ë¡’®”π«π‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 19.9 Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 4)

°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ß¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å„π«—π¡“‡√’¬π·≈–«—πÀ¬ÿ¥¢Õß°≈ÿà¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡æ»‡¥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‰¢¡—π∑√“π å‰¡à‡°‘π 2.0 °√—¡µàÕ«—πª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§„π«—π¡“‡√’¬π·≈–«—πÀ¬ÿ¥·µ°µà“ß°—ππâÕ¬¡“°®π‰¡àª√“°Øπ—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ·µà„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‰¢¡—π∑√“π å¡“°°«à“ 2.0 °√—¡µàÕ«—π ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§„π«—π¡“‡√’¬π·≈–«—πÀ¬ÿ¥·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ª√‘¡“≥‡©≈’Ë¬°√¥‰¢¡—π∑√“π å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§®”·π°µ“¡‡æ» (°√—¡/«—π)

À≠‘ß

ª√‘¡“≥‡©≈’Ë¬∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π„π 1 —ª¥“Àå 1.39 0.96 *

(0.67) (1.30)

ª√‘¡“≥‡©≈’Ë¬∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π„π«—π¡“‡√’¬π 1.31 0.87 *

(1.58) (1.22)

ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π Ÿß ÿ¥„π 1 «—π 8.1 6.1

ª√‘¡“≥‡©≈’Ë¬∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π„π«—πÀ¬ÿ¥ 1.61 1.14 *

(1.80) (1.15)

ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π Ÿß ÿ¥„π 1 «—π 9.2 7.7

™“¬

( ) = §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π (S.D.)


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‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß1. Fern_ndez-San Juan PM.Trans fatty acids (tFA): sources and intake levels, biological effects and

content in commercial Spanish food. Nutr Hosp 2009;24(5):515-20.2. Ascherio A, Willett WC. Health effects of trans fatty acid. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(suppl) :S1006-

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Õ∫·≈–∑Õ¥. Available from http://nutrition.anamai.moph.go.th/ ◊∫§âπ«—π∑’Ë 19 /10/20094. Mensink RPM, Katan MB. Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low density lipopro-

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15. §Ÿà¡◊Õ∏ß‚¿™π“°“√ ®—¥∑”‚¥¬ §≥–∑”ß“π®—¥∑”¢âÕªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√°‘πÕ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë¥’¢Õß§π‰∑¬ °Õß‚¿™π“°“√°√¡Õπ“¡—¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢. °√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√. ‚√ßæ‘¡æåÕß§å°“√ ß‡§√“–Àå∑À“√ºà“π»÷°; 2542.

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17. ¡„® «‘™—¬¥‘…∞. ªí≠À“‚¿™π“°“√„π«—¬√ÿàπÕ—πµ√“¬®“°°“√≈¥πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß«—¬√ÿàπ. °‘π‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ.°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√.∫√‘…—∑ª√–¬Ÿ√«ß»åæ√‘π∑åµ‘Èß ®”°—¥; 2541Àπâ“ 115-118

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