R u ~ £1¢e~mre XXIV (1988) 1-128 N o n ~ - H o ~ d

PA~OTHHKHO~HH~.m.~ATOPOqACA "CJIOB0 0 3AKOHE H BJIAI~ATH" H ~PEBHEKHEBCKHE PE~/HH

B.H.TOHOPOB

3TOT 3HaMeHHT~R na~mTHHK (~anee -- C3B) ~eBHepyF- CKOR ~TepaTy1~, a TaK~e nomaTHqecKoR H uepKoBHoR ~C-- TOpHH KHeBcKoR PyCH OTHOCHTe.nbHO nos~HO H He c~pa3yBo- ~e~ B HaSnIHhlR OSRXO~, qecTb OTXp~maTen~ IT~HH~K~ 3~ec~ A.H.0~eHHHy ("~HC~MO O KaMHeTMyTapaKaHCKOM"# 1806 ~.), XOT~ B ~epKOBHO--pHTOpH~eCKOR Tpa~IIHH ~TOT TeMCT 5~UI H3BeCTeH H pasee.* Ha C3B CC~laeTCE H H.M. KapaM3HS a nepaoM TOMe cBoeR ~cmop~ (I, np~M. 110,284): OH 561~ 3HaKOM C TeMcTOM no xapaTeRHoR pMKOnHCH H3 CO-- 5paHH~ ~pa~a A.H.MyCHHa-~HHa H Ha3Ba~ ere "~HTHeM cB, B r z ~ p a " , He n e p B o e H3~aHHe C3B COCTORJIOCb cy-uIe- cTneHHo n o 3 x e (1844 r , ) , = KaK nepBa~ n y O r m K a u ~ 0 TaK u nocne,~ty]o~e H3~aHH~t 3 HMe.~H ~e~o c OT~e~bRIblM~CI"~CKaMH H He C T a B H m t n e p ~ c 0 6 0 ~ 3 a ~ a ~ H K p H T H ~ e C K O ~ O H3-- ~aH,~ TeKCT~ C3~ nO BCeM Tp~M ere pe~aK~HRM# H3BecTH~M no 6o~ee ~eM 40 CnHcKaM. 0TCyTCTBHe TaXOrO H3~aHRLfK ~onroe BpeM~ aocnpHHHManocb KaK cepbe3Hag ~aKFHae KO- TOpS~0 Tpy~HO 0~J'IO H3BHHHTb TOnbKO O0~eKTHB~ T~y~HO-- CTHMHf H ~ a caMoe nocule~Hee Bp~ OHa 0blna sanon- HeHa. I

KaK 0~ TO HH 0b1~O, H B 3TOM OTHO~eHHH Hasr~Hoe HC-- c~e~oBaH;le HCTOpHH TeKOTa C3B oKas~BaeTcH He Ha TOM y-- pOBHe, KOTO~ MOXHO npHSHaTb y~OB~eTBOpHTeJIbH~D4~ R~4eH B BH~ 3HaqeHHe ~TO~O ~aM~KTHHKa. HpaB~a, O HeM HeM~U~O ~Hca~ocb B ~OH~e XIX -- Haqa~le XX BeKa H ~o3~e -- ~oc~e 5o~bmo~o nepe~ma -- a n o c n e ~ H e e naa~laTsmeTHe (PosoB 1961; 1963; 1975~115-155; M~ller 1962; 1968; 1971; 1975; 1976; HKOOCOH 1975 [1985]; Tonopon1983~ ASpaMon 1986|82-95; ~h05HMoaa H ~. 1986:39-55; Ma~apoB 1986~96- 111; M~nb~Oa 1986~6-38; HOn~KOB 1986=56-81; Hac~e~1~e 1986:I-II H ~., He CqHTa~ pa~e~oB, ~OCB~OHH~X C3B, B Tpy~X o0~e~o xapaKTepano~peaHepyccKoR~HTepaType}. TeMHe MeHee~ H a ~TOT ~epHo~w-~ o~HapaSoTa (CTaTbH

2 E.H. Tonopoe

HKOOCOH~) c~e/~H~I/~HO . n o c B H ~ e H a X ~ ~ 0 ~ e C T B e H H ~ M ( r l l ~ r ~ e BCe~O B rDlaH~ " ~ p ~ T H q e C K O R " ~03THKH) s OCO0--

e H H O C T H ~ 3 T O I ' O T e K C T a ( ~ e - - BXO~/~I~I"O B e ~ O C O . T a B rHMHS)# T .e . C O O C T B ~ H H O ~ T ~ T H ~ e C K O M ~ a c ~ e l c T ~ J ~ q T ~ K R .

KaK HH CTpSHHO# H C C J I ~ O B ~ T ~ I H M H OOM~HO H ~ O O ~ H H - - B S e T C ~ H J I H B o B c e H M H H ~ H O p H p ~ e T c ~ H ~ O ~ OCHOBOnO-- ~ O X H / ~ I ~ C ~ B H B e C b M a B a ~ H ~ U ~ I ~ H C T O p H H ~ p ~ B H e p y C - - CKO~ . ~ I - I T e p a T ~ I ~ . I B o n p o c o M e c T e C 3 ~ B H C T O p H H . T I H T e p a T p ~ T O q H e e - - B Cm~O~ Ha~a~/bHOM e e n e p H o ~ e (HCTOpHKO--~IHTepa-- TFpHbU~ a c n e ~ T ) . H a K O H e ~ , p e B y ~ b T a T H # ~ O ~ y q e H H ~ e B X O ~ e ~' /HTe~Ibl/ /~X H C C ~ I ~ O B a H H ~ HCTOpHK~MH H ~ 6 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ H e B a H CM~H~IX T e p p H T O p H ~ B KOHIIe I -- H a ~ a J I ~ I I T ~ C ~ e J I ~ T H R , KaK H C ~ : ~ l e H e ~ a B H H ~ OTKpMTH~ B O03IaCTH CBH3eR x a s a p o - K O - e B p o ~ e R c K O R T e I ~ C KHeBOM~ H ~ U 0 T C ~ B COOTHeceHHH C TOR H C T O p H ~ e c K o R H B e p o H c n o B e ~ H o R n p o 0 n e M a T H ~ O R , KO-- T O p ~ I TaX ~ T / ~ e ~ H O n p H C ~ ' ~ C T B y e T B ( ~ . COOTBeTCTBeHHO C K S ~ H H O M ~ TpH l~pF~a BOnpOCOB CTO~T B ~ e H T p e BHH~aHH~ B 3TOR C T a T ~ e - - MeCTO C3B B H C T O p H H ~ e B H S p ~ C C K O R ~IHTe-- p a T y p M ~ nO~THK~ T6KCT8 ( X S p a ~ T e p H C T H K a C T p y K T F P nO3TH~eCKHX n p H ~ O B # O p F a H H ~ I 0 a l H X C~B HMeHHO KaK ~ C-- T e T H ~ e c K H 3HaqHl~hll~ H CO3HRT~JI~HO ~ O C T p O e H ~ KaK TaKoBoR T e K C ~ , - - acnexT CHHX]~HHO~O ~Ha~IH3a nO3THqeC-- KO~ C H C T ~ I ) ~ H C T O ~ H q e c K a ~ I~IO~Kn~[~K~ C3~# n p ~ , l ~ n o ~ a ~ a l 0 - ~SH y q e T ~ I ~ e B H e K H e B C K H X p~8~.HR TOR ~ O X H # K o ~ a BO3HHK ~TOT T e K C T . ~ K~,~K/~8~ H3 3THX T~M BO3Bp~JIIaeT H a c K OC-- HOBHO~ T~M~ -- C ~ K~K HCTO~HHK,Ha~IHX ~ p e ~ C T R B ~ H H ~ O ~ e p B b l X ~ e C ~ T H . ~ e T H . q X XpHCTHaHCTBa Ha PyCH~ C O X p R H H B ~ H ~OH~C~H~ ~O H~C TO ~,U, H B H T ~ I b H O e COCTO~HH~ ~'MR# ~ . I H H c e p ~ l ~ a ~ C KOTOpMM T p F ~ J I H C b Ha HOBO~ ~ HHX H TRK He CKOpO OOp~T~HHOR HHBe ~ p B M e p~CCK H e XpHCTHaH~ - - HO--

BU~Op C 3 ~ KaK H a q S ~ b H O ~ TO~KH O T C q e T a ~ B H e p y C C K O R J~HTepaTypM HpHBneKaTeJ IGH pXO HOTOMyw qTO 9TOT T~KCT O~8Hb TOqHO n O K ~ U H S F e T c s BO a p e M e H H , n p o c T p a H - c T B e # He ~ o ~ e Q TO~Oe XOpO~O H~BeCTHO e B KaKHX ~ C ~ O - - B H ~ X OH BOSHHK. H3 c a M o r o TelCCTa nSM~THHKa C.r /e3IyeT, qTO OH C o s ~ a H He p a e e e 1 0 3 7 r o s a , x o r ~ a ~ p o c J I a B O M 6huIa n o c T p o e H a ~ e p K o B ~ E n a r o B e ~ e H H ~ y 3OnOTHX BOpOT# H H6 n O 3 ~ H e e 1 0 5 0 F . t K o ~ a C K O H q S J I a c b B~TIHKa~ K H ~ H H ~ H p H - Hae FnOMHH~eMaR a C3B KaK :EHB~ . 7 CKopee BCe~o# o T p e - 3ox BpeMeHH, x o ~ a ~ n o r.nOXeHO 035~ MOXeT ~ T b oFXeH e~le 0 a n e e . B 3TOM OTHO~eHHH OOO00~O BHHMaHH~ 3 a ~ a a - ~T ~Ba npe~no~eHHs. CoP~aoHo HpHOe.nKOBF, C3~ MOXeT 5~rrb oTHeceHo ~ npoMe~WT~y, OTMeqeHHO~W pa3p~aoM ~ ~ e o - ne~nTo~ ~ ~aqano~ BoeHH~X COS~T~ 1043 r . , T . e . no~a~m- 3FeTCS B oTpe3xe 1039 -1043 ~ r . ( c ~ . HpHcenKoB ~ 9 1 3 s 9 8 - 9 9 ) . HHOR H npH 3 T o ~ o ~ e H b T o q m ~ B a p H a H T x p o ~ o n o r H ~ e -

"C~OeO o 3a~o~e u 6~uzoOamu" 3

cKoro np~ypo~emu~ C3B n~araeT PosoB (1963=147-148), HCXO~RD~HR H3 coBn~IJ~HH~ ~ByX ~aBH~x X~HCTHRHC~HX npa3- ~HHKOB -- Ilac.xH H F~'~aFoB~I~eHI~ (C3• HalIHcaHo Ha eBaH- I'eJIbCKHR TeKCTB KOTO~ ~HTa~Tc~ TO/~KO p a 3 B ro .uy , B nepB~u~ ~teHb llaoxH; ~pyroR eBaHr~n~cKHR TeKCTe II~ona- ~'a~ C-~Be OTBOCHT~E K B.,laroBel~eHH~0- TeMa "CTl~a" BeTXOFO H-HOBOFO 3aBeTa~ 3aKoHa H 0~lal'o~aTH) C SaBepI~-- HH~M OOOpOHHT~I~I~H~nIX COOp~K~HHR BOKpyr l~eBa. Tahoe cos-

n a ~ e H H e MO~nO m~teTb M e c T o TOnbKO B 1 0 4 9 r . • x o ~ a I l a c - x a n p H x o ~ u a c b Ha B~'OpOR ~aeHb n o c . u e ~ n a I ' o B ~ n l e H l ~ . e I io X H e H ~ P o m o n a , C3B " 0 ~ n o n p o H 3 H e c e H o Ha T o p x e c T z e B q ~ c T ~ s a B e l ~ n e H ~ K H e s c K ~ X OSOpOHHTenb~SX c O O p F x e x H R B l ~ e p ~ 8 ~ ~ n a r o n e m e ~ u a r ~ a B m ~ x 3 o ~ o ~ x ~OpOTaX Ha BTO- p o a ~IeHb n o c n e e e n p e c T o ~ H o r o n p a 3 . ~ m . I ~ a H B n e p ~ a ~ e e b I l a c x x - - 26 M a p T a 1 0 4 9 r o s a " , s

He3RBHCHMO OT pa3H/alX BapHaHTOB XpOHOTIOI 'H~ecxHx yTO~I-- HeHHR p a C C M a T p H B a e M O F O 3 ~ e C b T e K ~ a # O H , H e c o ~ e H H o , ~ B ~ T C R r l aM~THHKOM 4 0 - - X :L'F, X ~ B, • MHOlqOO0pR3HO OTIO~3~I-- KalOI~HMCH H a CO~I~Z'Hg ~TOl"O B p S M S H H . O C O 0 e H H O C ~ e ~ T B S H " HO# q T O CaM T ~ K C T J ~B O H K H M o 0 p a ~ o M O T C b t ~ a e T K ~ K ~ - - 3 8 H H O M ~ O T p ~ 3 K y Bp~t ,4~HH - - CBOHM HBH/~M C ~ I ? ~ a H H ~

I-IM~ B ~ I I ~ ) H - - H a r l O B ~ p X H O C T H --~ H e B n O J I H 8 H H ~ ~ B C ~

r l p R K T H ~ e C K H H ~ C l I ~ T ~ T ~ HH C KaKHM ~ y r H M C O O M T H ~ M ) . B ~TOM C b ~ J l ~ ( ~ M O ~ T p a c ~ T p H B a T I b C ~ K~K TeI~OT O BIIO~IHe EOHKpeTH/~X HCTOp~ecKI4X CO0~TH~X, C O B p e M e H-- H M X T e K C T ¥ , ~ T H H e Ha~BaHI-DhI~ ~ B H O ~ T e K C T e ~ HO B C ~ - , T a K H c n e r K a O 0 0 3 H a q e H H b l ~ H~ r n a a H o e , acer~Ia n p e ~ n o n a ~ a - e l ~ 8 CO0~ITHK~ ~ O O C T B S H H O # H H D ~ 0 T C ~ I T ~ 4 I ' ~ 0 H H H I ~ M 110 ~ BOSOM# KOTOpM~ B M3B a~I H C T O p H O ~ O ~ O K H ~ H p e J I H Z ' H O 3 H O - ~ ' q H - - T e ~ l b H b l ~ p a c c y ~ I ~ H H ~ a B T o p a T e K C T a ,

E c J m o 0 p a T ~ T b C S K p a e H m ~ o 0 p a 3 ~ a ~ , ~ p e a H e p y c c ~ o R m ~ - T e p a T y p M B e e O p H I " H H a . 1 1 b H O R q a C T H , TO Ol~aSblBaeT-- C ~ ~ q T O C31~ 0~,r lO, COCTaB.~I~HO 0 ~ o o r l o p H o p a H ~b l / / e # . q ~ ~ F H e T e K C T M X T B . ~ T . e . . q e M X H T H ~ B O p H c a H l ~ l e 0 a ( r lO MeHbl~leR Ne l )e H a 3 0 ¢ .~IlanHHM J l e T n O c p a B H e H H I 0 CO # C K a ~ a - HHeM ~ H ~ T~.M O o n e e o Hec~opo,q~U~ "~ . IT~H H e Ms) 10 H : I I ~ T H e

0~rrb ¢Ta Ixne ¢ e p e ~ m ~ 5 0 - x r r . ~ Z ~ . ) . E ~ e 3 ~ a ~ T e ~ H e e n p e ~ l e c T ~ o C3B a ~ e B H O O ~ H n e p e ~ a . ~ p y r m ~ o 0 p a 3 ~ a ~ m p H T O p ~ e c K o I ~ n p o n o B e ~ . H ( ~ e H T CMO~.~THq, ' IQtpHnn T F p O B - CI~HR~ MoHoeR BhI~FOHIII~HR) H ¢O~HHeHH~'~ ~apyrHX xal-lpoB (XHTH~HOI~ H I IgL~IOMHHqeOKO~-~ /HT~p~ .Ty~O~# ~ O ~ e H H ~ M ~ ~ l a -

~ m p a H o e o ~ a x a H ~ a p . ) , O T H O C ~ m C ~ y x e 6 e c c n o p H o . XIZ B . CTpOI'O r O ~ O p ~ , H3 opHI'HHa~bHOI~ ~ ~ T e p a T ~ p ~ I - CO-- n e p e H q a T ~ C C3B a ~apeBHocTH MOr~IH 01"I n p e n n o n a r a e ~ . ne~on~cm~a "JIpeaHe~nmt K ~ e a c x ~ t cBon" ( 1037 -1039 ) ~

4 B.H. To~opo

m m n p o n o ~ e , ~ .T/¥~m ; l ~ , Ho a o6oP-~c c;~,~a.Fzx n e p e . u Haba~ T e ~ c T U (H. 'm ~ a x e np,~++nno.noxeHH~ o m i x ) • K o T o p ~ e n o pa~I-l~M npH,~IHa.M He MOry'T 6I~rl'b BK.,D0'4-eH~ B Ty' HCTOpm0 . ~ ) e B H e p y C C K O ~ J I H T e p ~ t T ~ ; F i l e CyI~eCTBeHHO H~JIIO~He 3=Ie-- M(~HTOB I IO3TH~ecKoI~ O 0 p a 3 H O C T H . + Pa3yM eeT c /~ e B X I Bo Ha PFCH y x e C ~ e C T B O B a J I a n e p e B O,Q H a ~ JIHTepaT~y'~8 1 2 HO H c a . , z ' n ~ ( ~ a K H H e x o ~ ' o p ~ e n p y r H e BeTXO3aBeTH/nle TeKCTM) H ~OrOC.TI~Ee~H/nI~ KHHrHw r lepeBoZIHble X~TH.q H XpOHI'IKHa n o - Bec;"~ H a n o K p H ~ (cM. Memepc~HR 197~) c TO~KH 3peH~.~ c K ~ t b m m 0 n l e ~ c s H c T o p H H ~ c ~ p e a H e p ¥ c c ~ o R ~ i T e p a T y p l g ~ n p e ~ - n o n a r m 0 n t e ~ H e x o e p a 3 a H T H e ( ~ e D n p e . u e . n ~ OTHOC]t-- T~Jl~bHO yCTO~[HBOZ'O K ~ H O H S ) • B~ICT~TI~JIH l<gtK ~ e Z~OTO~I~I~ T e K C ~ I # ,~aHHOCTH H H O I" 0 JIHTepaT~pHOI~O Kp~ 'F8 - - C He-- c ~ o n b x o HHO~ H 0 o n e e p a S = a T O l ~ C T p y K T y p O R X~tHpOB~ C OT-- .n .H~on~mu, t c ~ (H c H a , ~ a ; s a 0onee H e n o c p e ~ c T B e H ~ ) K y ~ n , - T y p H O - H C T O p ~ [ e c K I ~ H C a ~ 3 J ~ r ~ C 0 o n e e p a 3 H o o 0 p ~ 3 ~ o R ~U~-- TaTe.nbCXOR ay ,u~ lTopHeR ( p e ~ b H~IeT O6 o0nte~ ~ : ~ H BOC-- T o ~ m ~ CnaB~Hm~t ~ a ~ t T e p a T y p e Ha /£epKOBHOC~IaB~HCKOM H~ISKe). ~TH n e p e B o ~ a H ~ e T e K c ~ c 3sx n o ~ r s t ~ e c K o ~ l o 0 p ~ 3 H O C T b l 0 0 C - - TaB~TIHC3b O O W H p ~ H ILTIO,I:IOTBOpHI~M p e 3 e p B o M ~ c K ~ a , ~ - BaJo~le ; tc~ ~ p e B H e p y c C X O f t JIHT~p~tT~p~I# HC' 3~I~MeHTgtlVlH ~ K-- T H B H O 1~ H C T O p ~ e ~ OHH CT~HOBHJIHCb ~ n o M e ~ CBO-- el~O COOCTBeHHOI'~O npeO~l~OJl(~HH~ ~IOIOHeH~Lq OT ~CXO~C~HOI~/ Hopt~:]~ BKm0'CeHH.q B HH~e p ~ X H C I'IOJI~HHeHHeM HOB~M 3~-- ,I~aHHHM~ T . e . # KOpO'4e l'OBOp~l~ B ~'CJIOBH~/X CT~HOILF/eHH~ K~TeFOpHH p a 3 .,'1 H q H ~ b i ~ y IIepKOBHOr...T/~B~HCKHM H ~n, p e B H e p y c c x H ~ ~ . H T e p ~ T y p m ~ y 3 y C a M H . Ss

C ~ e ~ O B S T e J I b H O # B OOI;I(~M X o H T e K c T e HCTOpHH ,u, p e B H e p y c - c l<o~ ~ H T e p ~ T y p b l C 3 / 3 0 0 H a p y 3 O I B S ( ~ T c B o e n p e l O O ' ~ e C T B O H r l epe ,~ l ' l ~ p e B O , l ~ TeKcTa£4H~ HO H(~ B XpOHO.TIOI'Hq(~CKOM l'I.~aH(~ (XOT~[# HeCOMHeHHO~ H e p e ~ K O H B HeM)~ ~ B a c r l e K T e o p H r H H ~ .r/~- H O C T H # T . e . B c T e r l e k H OTK~OHeHH~ OT KaHOHgl H B B ~ , ~ H H ~ HHHOB~I.~HI~/ - - OCO0eHHO T~KHX# K O T O p ~

C~ J ' /HTep~T~pHO~ Tp~U+HD.HH, HO C ~ B p ~ e OTHOIIIeHHI~ n p ~ - BOCXO~HT H ~-IOFHe O p H I ' H H a . U b ~ e p F C c K H e Te~(c'~=I oo .nee 1103~IHeI"o n p o H c x o ~ u e H ~ . 0cO0eHHO Cy~eCT~eHHOR C 3TOR TOqKH 3 p e H H ~ OK831gBSeTC~ ¢ T e n e H b C a M O c T O R T e ~I b -

JIOl"+O, P g t 3 y M ( ~ e T C ~ C~B CO.I~eI:~HT 00JIbl l l08 KOY/JAqeCTBO I~H- TaT~ l I a p a ~ p a 3 ~ r lpHl~epoB~ SSHMCTBOBaHHblX H~ B e T x o - H HOBO3aB(~THO~ J I H T e p s T F I ~ H~ "C; IOBa Ha I l p e o 0 p s x e H H e n E C p e ~ a C H p H H a , H30~HO~ 0ece,u~ K H p m ~ n a H e p y c a n m ~ c ~ o r o , H3 ~ I T H ~ H O R H alIOI<pH~)HqecI<OR , r /HTepaTypM~ t ' HO ~)TH S a - HMCTBOBa, HH~[ q~l~(~ B c e r o .T/OKgUrlH~IOTCH B H ~r '1' p H Kp~rlHMX 0.r/OKOB~ He npe,~Iorlpe,~Ie.~IHH I<OMnO:~HI~HH l,~eJ;Ol"Oe HO TIO,~-- I<p(31"DI~[~ ~ 3 B H T H e HOBOI~/ TeMM C HOBblM ~ S H H ( ~ 4 H p(~a,~rlH- :3F~ MO3a~lql-lblR npHHIIHrl 3a f lOnHeHHH n p o c T p S H C T B a TeKCTa , . H~'~HO n o , l I q e p K H y T b ~ ~ITO B 3TOM OTHOI~IeHHH C3~; npHHIIHnH- a.nbHO OT.~HqHO OT n p o n o B e ~ I e i ~ TaKOI'O ~aM(~[~TP.J'/bHOI"O Op&--

"C~oeo o 3 a ~ o ~ e u 6~u~oOamu" 5

Topa--pHTopa, KaK KHpH/DITypoBcKI~8, B KOTO~F~IXe KRK ~O-- Ka3aHO B p~e HCCJIe~OBaHHRe 15 ~e31oe HOCHT Ollpe~esleHHO KoMrlHn~THBHI~RxapaKTep, TOnga KaK y~HTe~I~HI~I~ap HH-- ~B~uyanbH~x BapHau~R oI~aHH~HBaeTCR qaCTHI~MH oSpasaM~ H BHpTyOSHOCT~ MosalI~HOR T~KHHEH. C~l~ CKaSRHHOM~o npHXO~TC~ 3aK/HO~HT~• ~TO H B OTHOI~eHIf~ K O M~ O ~ H--

H H ~ e / / o l - o C3S B/~ie . .n~eTcR cpe,l%H opH~HHaslbI-IhTX TeKCTOB XI B. (~THRH~e ~ o M n o 3 ~ H B c.ru~u~oM 00~T:~iOR cTeneHH onpe~e~rac~ MaHOHHqeCK~ oSpas~aMH H CTpOHI~ B CO-- OTBeTCTBHH C HHMH ~HSHeOnHCaHHeM) H nos~e -- Br~'~OT~ ~O "C~OBa O nOF~y H~OpeBe"e ~e KOMIIOSIfI~IOHHa~ ~"rpyKT~a paspa0oTaHa c HenpeBsoR~eHH~Ua B /~BHep¥ccKoR~HTepa-- TYPe HCKyCCTBOM (HHTepecHo, qTO CSB npe~9oc~R~aeT XOM-- nOSH~HOHHI~IR npHeM CTO/IKHOBeHHR ~ByX BpeMeHHMX IIYIaCTOB -- C Tapo~o BpeMeHH H ce~o apeMe HH). 16

O~HHM HS x ~ 6 o n e e c m m ~ , ~ x M o q e B ~ e ~ x a p ~ e H T O B B no, n b 3 y 3anlHmaeMoR 3 ~ e c b TO;KH SpeHHR O0 OCO50 T e c ~ C S ~ 3 ~ X C 3 E C C ~ ~CToxaM~ ~ e a H e p y c c K o ~ ¢ e p a ¢ ~ , p u H ~ H O n p H s e a T ~ a n e p B ~ e ~ o p ~ p y e ~ a STOM n a ~ ¢ H ~ e " p y c c x y ~ " H , u e ~ . P e q b RUqeT O p y c c K o M O T a e T e - o T K n H x e Ha c,no~mBun.~cs HecTaH~apTey'~0 cHTya~'.U0e ~p~BaTy10 He TO//bXO HeoxI~tIaHHOCTHMH# HO H onaCHOCTR]~H. B M s o B - B O n p o c e c p¥CCKOR (KHeBeKo--KH~eGKOR) TO~-- KH 3peHHRe OMJ'rl c ~ e J I a H BH3aHTHeR. H a n p ~ e H H e STOR CHTy-- aUHH challenge-response O0~SCHR~OCb He TO~bKOH He- CTO~bKO TpeSoBaHHR~H BHSaHTHH (X HHM npHBI~KSlH), Hop~- I~HMOCTb~ c~opMy/n~pOBaTb "pyccKHR" OTBeT, pacxo~RI~HRCR no CaMOR CBOeR CyTH C nosHl~eR ~FXOBHOR HacTaBHHI~bl H HOE~XbBHT~HbHHU~-- BHSaHTHH. H ~TOT ChOp, B KOTOpOM p y c c K a ~ CTOpOHa B n e p B r ~ p a s B c B o e R HCTOpHH BHO,~IHe OCOSHRHHO H 0orocJrlOBCEH ~0e~HTP..H~HO B h l p a ] K a e T H , ~ e l 0 p a - BeHcTBa Hapo~oB BO XpHCTe He c~Ie~OBaTeSlLHOe B nOHHMa-- HHH H TO/IKoBaHHH B~c~ero cM~c~la e~o 5v~IeHHR -- HCTHHLIH 5Ha~O~aTHe He ~I~Jl KOH~qHETOM HCK~I0qHTe~HOnpecTI~KHO-- ~O He SHaqHTe HeCKo~bEO TeOpeTHqecKol'o (BO BCRKOMC, TJ~- qae -- npeHMy~eCTBeHHO SHaKOBO~O) xapal{Tepao Cnop-ccopa 01~TI c o B e p l L I e H H O ] ; : ) e a . ' I ~ nO,~.HTH~eCKHM,KOH(~r/HKTOM# EOTO- phu~ c y n ~ x Kpynm~e HenpHsTHOCTH I ~ e B y . Y p y c c K o ~ CTOpO-- 1,I~ BI~IHMOe He 0hi,rio THHOBO~O 0 e C I ' ~ O H ~ H O I ' O p e l z l e H H R e H HSFJKHO 0bUIO 0MCTpo ( n O r T H B HMnpOBH~aI~HOHHOM n o p ~ q K e ) HaRTH OOOCHOBaHHI:~ e T O t H e R H BMOCTe C TeM He ~ e p 3 K H R e B~epEaHHhTR C O~KOR Ha BH~aHTHI0 H e e nyxoB~e OCHO- BM OTBeT. 17 TaK}ua-- no MepKaM TO~O Bp~MeHH -- nOrTH He-- 3aMe~HTe~bHI~4OTBeTOM, npe~cTaB~eHHI~M Ha O0C~eHHe H O~OOpeHHe KHeBoKoR KHR~eoKoR (He BOSMO~HOe ~XOBHOR) BepxbqnKe, H Ob~lo C3B. se B ~TOM oTBeTe, CTaB~eM~aKTOM H DFCCKOR HQTOpHOCO~CKOR I~C~IH H pFQQKOR ~HTepaTypM B

6 B.H. Tonopoe

MOMeHT e e CTaHOBneHH.Ee ~ ' T b / / H He a n e p ~ ' e ~ a P ¥ c H nDO-- HBI.IJIOCb y M e H H e l ~ e o J i O r ~ e c K o l ' o o c ) ~ l c . ~ e _ - ~ _ ~ l ~ a r ~ H o ~ H e - CT~I-ID~pTHo~ CHTyal IH~ H 2r:~)axel-IH~ c B o e ~ nO3~IIHH B O 0 l ~ 3 - - HO-- . ' I~EepaTypHO~ ~::)]pMI~. B ~ C b ~TOT HCTOpI4~ecK]~I~ 311~30~; K~K H OTp~EM3~H~ e r o T ~ C T - - ~ O I t ' ~ H T C ~ e ~ H K ~ p ~ e T H OnHO H3 n e p ] ~ = ~ H HaH0o~nee HpKHX rIpO~B/IeHHR pyCCXOl'O HaD~HOHa.TI~HOI'O caMoco3HaHRrJ:/= ~H~ B~ ~ OO H H~B~OM'& 3m4n~ ~ n a m ~ b c ~ a o ~ a ~ a . H~ a~ p ~ c b ~ ~ . ~ x e a t ~ o ~ a c.-~a,-~a ecTb. BC~M~ ~e~bMH KOHU~ 3e~" (185a) --)40- THB# Hepe.~IKo 2r.ZlOMHHa]~z~RC~ H no~e~ OCOOeHHO a THXe-- JISrl0MHHSrTy. 19 HO HaI~HOHa.~MO~ Co~HaHH~ l:o~lr~a~TC.~ He H~ DI:)~TeH~HH HR RCK.T/]0qHTP-T/bHOCTbe OTJIH'qH~ OT~[~)~I"It[XXpHC-- TH~HCKHX HapO~OBe ae HalI];)OTHBe H~ ~B~]p~HHOCTH B TOM~ qTO pyCCKHe~ ~pHH~B XpHCTHaHCTBO, BOP.J~I a ~a~CTBO 0 . ~ - - ~O~aTHe CTaT/H T a K H MH ~ e e K~K H ,I~)SrDH~ XpHCTH~HCKHe HapO~U~# He Xy~K~ HX. H y pyCCKHX oMa3anc~ T a K o R x e yqHTeJ1~ H HacTaBHHK B Bepe, KaK F~]pSrDHX Hapo~oBe H 3TOT ~aKT o~paB~IBaeT BXO]r~leHHe p~CCK~IX//31~@R B CeM:b~ xpHcTHaHCl(HX Hal:)O~IOBe20 a P y c c M o R ~eM.'IH - - B l~pSrl" Xp~ICTH aHCKHX l '~oc~,IIap~l"B. BeI:)O~THOe c o n p o T H B . ' I e H H e I"I)(~KOB KaHOHH3a~HH KHK3n BJIaj~Hl~pa (H# BO3MO~I~Oe ~pH3HaHH]0 eFo HO~DHFa paBHoanocToJI]bCK]~4) aocnpHlt lo4aeTr.~ B C3B KaK O~eBH~Ha~ HeC~paBP..~T/HBOCTb# a C~Ma 0Opb~a 38 KaHO-- HH3al IHI0- - KaK Bhl/IOF~HeHHe CB~TOI~O ~O / / F ~e KaK n o ~ T a e p x - ~ e H H e n p a s a Ha paBeHCTBO c p e , u ~ xpHcTHaHCKHX Ha]pO~OBw 21 H~ ,C[yXOBHOe n p e e M c T B o ,

mPyccKas[ u lrS~e./Z H~ HC~epI'IblBa~TCH# O~HaKOe C K ~ a H i . i ~ H He o ~ p a H H q H B a e T C ~ C ~ # ~BF/H1G/I.HMCn TO~bKO q a C T b ~ Te.X ~ . p e B H e p F c c K H x T e K c T o n w K O T O I ~ e n H , ~ B c s o e ~ c o B o K y n - HOCTH M O ~ T ~ p e T e H ~ O B ~ T b Ha ~ e K B ~ T H O e BI:iI~a]K~HH~ ~TOR H~eH a e e ~P.~rlOCTHOCTH. HMeHHO nO~TOM~ ~/~rqlllee ~CHeHHe C3B H e ~ o ~ I e R n p e ~ n o n a r a e T y ~ e T ~ p y r ~ x o c ~ o a o n ~ n o x m ~ x TeKcTOB ~ a p e B H e p y c c K o R ~ H T e p a T ~ P ~ # p a ~ B H B a ~ I H X HH~O a c - n e K ~ TOR x e t a b o r ~ e H . B o 0 ~ e ~ a ~ l e MOXHO ¢Ka3aTb~ ~TO H~IeRH~MHTO~OM p a 0 o T ~ p y c c ~ o l ' o Ca~OCOSHaHH~ a l ~ e - Bee HaqHHa~ C 40 -X ~ . XZ B . H ,1IO Ha~aJ1a X I I B.~ OblTIO ~opMHpOBaHHe T p e x # B XOHe~HOM c ~ e T e r ~ 3 a H H ~ x ~ [ p y r c ,U,I)~OM~ H J I e ~ - - K O H ~ e ~ H R ~ CTaBmHX BMe~T~ C T(~MH HpaB~T-- BeHHhlI~ H t ~ e p a T H B ~ " , ~ H p p c c K O R X H ~ H H TOI"O ~peMeHHe TaK H//II H H a q e ~pO,I1OJI~eHHHIMH B ~OCJle~¥10ale.M pa~BHTHH pyCCKO~O

~ H , ~TH TpH PI~eH MO~,~H 0M 0blT~ npH n e p B o M npH0.1'~IXeHHH C~K)~My~HpOBai-ihl C n ~ O 0 p ~ O M ; ~)e,IIHHCTBO B n P O C T - p~HCTBe H a c ~ e p e a~a .~TH (Cp . " ~ o B e c T b B l ~ . . M f l H ~ e T e e "CJIOBO O ~O.~IK~ HFO]peB~ n KaK HSH00.YI~G ~pe~ICTaBHTe.YlbI-I~ BI~Pa3HTe$1H ~TOR l ~ I e H ) ; 22 2) e~IHHCTBO BO BpeMeHH H a ~ y x e , T . e . ~ e e ~ ¥ x o a H o r o npee~cTna (C3B) ; 3) Cn~TOC~ KaK BMCIIIH~ H p a ~ T B e H ~ H ~ e ~ ~ o B e ~ e H H ~ e XHSHeHHOR ~ O - ~HLU~H# TOWHee -- OCO0blR BH,II CB~TOCTH~ ~OHHM~eMO~ KaK XepTBeHHOCTbe KaX ~ O B ~ H H e Ha HHOHMHpe Ha ~eHHOCTH~ KOTO-

" C ~ o e o o 3 a x o ~ e u d . , z a z o d a m z 4 e' 7

I : ~ e ~ e om a u p a c e e o (THna B o p H c a H F n e 6 a ) . HyXHO s a m e - THTbe ~ I~P.K ej~HHCTBa q a ~ O 6 e p e T c ~ BHe TOI'O XOHTeK-- CTaw B XOTOpO~4 o H a CBR3aHa ¢ I ~ O T I ~ O n O C T ~ e H H O ~ H y - p a B H o B e / n ~ B a ~ a l e R eQ TeMoR M H O F O O 6 p a 3 H H e H H a K O C - - T M. C O 0 C T B e H H o r o B o p ~ , ~ u e ~ e ~ H C T B a O O ~ ' ~ H O ~ U O m C T ¥ - - ¢ ~ r l b H a ~ T O I N D e ~ T O ~ J K e e , ¢ ~ O . HaI'I]~DTHB# M H O I ' O O 0 ~ S H O e (B ~ C T H O C T H # ~ 0 H M~O~) ~ a e T c , R B e, ,C~HCTB~ H B~C--

npOB~pKH P.J~HCTB~) OOH~py'JE4BaeTc~ B ojrly 'q~e BO3MO,~'IOCTH O0~eJ~,HHeHH~# c B e ~ H I f R [ K ~P.31OMyM~KCHMa~HoroMHO.11KScTBa

TOB ~ HeKOe ~P..310~. C K a ~ a H H o e OTHOCHTC~ H K ~ e e n p e e . M - OTB~ KaK P.J~HOTB~ MHO~OPO ( ~ H HHOZ'O H CBO@E'O~ BO Bp~-- MeHH~ KaK BI:>iD4~HH~r'o 0 0 p a 3 a P.J~HCTBa# H K 3 ~ CBHTOC-- TH~ B3~TO~ B 8 c ~ e K T e oOz~eR ~ BCeX OpHeHTaU.HH Ha He-- XHR eJ~HlCB j ~ X O B H Z ~ o 0 p a 3 e - J l , ~Bruu0alH~cR c B o e z ' o po;l~a

Christi. Bce ~TH T~ COCTaBH~@ qaCTH UpFCCKOR" H~eH C~OXH--

~HC5 H ycne~3~ OTqeT~HBO B~a3HT~CE B o T p e 3 x e M ~ 1040 H 1120 ~., o ~P.N c~eTe~cTa~0T cooT~eTcTay~me TeKcT~, yKa3aHH~ B ~ , E~e MHTe~cHee~ o~HaKo~ ~TO C~'~H HCTOKH ~THX R ~ R MOXHO# Ka3K~TC~# ~OKa,/IH3HpOBaT~ 40-M~ ro~aMHXI Bo (~n~, no KpaRHeR Mepe~ cepe~HHoR 3TOFO BeKa). BO BC~KOM ~ny~ae ~TO 0eCC~ODHO~ TOR H~eH~ KOTOpa~ Ha~Dla B~aXeHHe B C3B. ;~e~. e~HHCTBa# TaK ~O~IHO OT~a~eHHa~ B "~OB~CTH BpeMeHH~" ~eT", ~O--BH-- ~HMOM~# Mo~eT npe~o~a~aTbc~ ~Ke ~ ~a "D~eBHeR~eFO ~eTOnHCHO]L"O CBO~a ~ (e,u, HHCTHO BO XpHCTH~HCKOH B e p e x a K npaB~ono~oOHa~ H~e~ "CKasaH~ O pac~pOCTpaHeHHH X~HC- THaHCKOR Bep~ Ha PyCH") H HO BC~KOM cuFqae~n~ Toro ~Tana B pa3BHT~H~eBHeR~e~o pFCCKO~O ~eTO~HCaHHH, KO-- T O ~ CHH3aH C ~ f l T e J I b H O C T L ~ M o H a x a K H e B o - ~ e q e p C X O l ' O MOHaOT~pH HHKOHa B 60-M~--70--Me ~o Xl B.~ H O OOOTaB-- ~eHH~M "Haqa~HO~O cBo~a" oKo~o 1095 ~. O~eH~ npaB~o- ~O~OOHO# ~TO K OepP..,E~He XI B. OTHOCHTCK H ~epBh~ BapH- aHT H~eH CBETOCTH H CB~TOrO-- TeM 0onee, ~To "CKa3aHHe o Bopsce H rneOe", no O~HOR H3 Bepc~R~ OTHOCHTCE ILMeH-- HO K ~TOMy BpeMeHH, BO BO~KOM c31y~ao CBR3~ BCeX Ha3-- BRHI'I~aIX R ~ e ~ B KOHI ,~Tya3I~HOM I'DIRH~# BHj~RMO# n o ~ T a e p ~ - ~aeTc~ H ~aKTOMHX ~OpMHpOHaHH~ B O~HOM Me~T~ H B O~HO BpeM~ ~s -- B KHeBe B =epe~HHe Xl B.

~OnBHBInQeQ~ Ha PYCHe B l ~ e B @ t D 0 o . ~ e e HJIH MeHQO TOqHO ¥ C T a H a a n ~ B a e M o e B P e ~ w n p ~ u H a s H a q e H H o e ~ u g o n p e - ~ e n e H H o R c p e 4 ~ H npec .ne~vsq0~ee o T q e T n H B ~ e ~ e m 4 , C3B

8 B.H. Tonopoa

CTanO RpqaRnncMJu~TepaTypm~4 ~aKTOM paHHer~ pyCCKO~O npocBe~eHlcR, CBR3UmaeMO~O c m ~ e H e . M H p o c . ~ a B a M¥~poroH EpaCHOp~/JKBO OIIHCaHHOPO B ~TOIIHCH (~aBpo 151--152) no~ 1037 r. (6545):

3ano~H~poc.uaB~ ropo~oBerm~, oF Hero~e rpn~a

CyTb 3naTa~ apaTa° sano~H ~e H ~"~ab cT'--~m CoCbm.

MHTpOnO~b~ H nOCeJ~bllp---KBb Ha 30~OTI~X BOpOTEX~. 6-TO~

B~e B~'~B~meHbeo nocPJ4b CT---a~o P~pPH~ MaHaCTblpb° H

CT~ HpHH~° H npH ceMb Haqa Btpa Xb~HbcKalInO~HTHC~°

H pRI,,Yp~THo H q~pHOpH3~H ~oqaltla MHOXHTHC~, H MaHa-

CTBpeBe nO~HHaXy 5MTH. H 5 ~ ~poc;IaB~ 31105~ ~'~BH~Im

OyCTaB~. non~m05a~ue no Be;IHKy° H3~HXa ~e ~epHOpH3~-

U~o H KHH~alv~ npH~le~a H nO~HTa~ e qaCTO B HO~H D~

~H-'~° H C O 0 p a ~ H C ~ MHOI"~I° H n p e K n a . u a ~ e ~ I ' p e K ~ H

C~OB~H~CKOe ~HCMO° H c n H c a l l l a MHHI~I MHOI~:~I, H CHHCKR

~TBeHa~O. oo

C OTCbUIKOR K'~pe~e~eHTy, K Kpe~eHb~ KaK "nepBonpocBe-

TaKO H C b . W~----'~ 6 0 c e r o B O n O ~ M e p ~ , [3e~,n0] n s o p a .

OyMm,'~H p e t e K p"m'H ~ e M* , n p o c ,~ ~ T H a ~,. Cb x e

a t p H U ;~ m o , z ~ , a ~ n o - H a c t t a X H H x m ~ c~xoaec,-, c p ~ a

~ H a e M ' b o y q e H - - e n p ~ M m 0 m e XHHxHoe . B a n H K a 5 0 O"--

BaH~T non3a ~ o¥~eHb~ KHHXHO~O. KHHraMH (50 KaxeMH

H Oy~HMH I~CM~. nyTH noKalaHbl0, b1~IpTb (50 w(Sp~TaH~M',

H B~3~epEaHbeo ~ c;loBec1= KHHXHMXI=. Ce (50 CyTb p~Khl

Hanal~10me BceJ1eHs~o. ce CyTb Hcxo~m~a M[yjDJp]OCTH.

...ra~ (50 ecT~ .e.me=.a~ rny(5..a ... ~poc~aB~ ze

ce ~aKo ~ pe,0Uo JU05HM', 5~ l<HHraM'oo [H] MHO~ HanH-

caa~ nonox, a c-~. Co9~-. ~ip~a.... s oyMeoxua.ac~ G

npO3ByTepH. [HI ~110~be XbI~HI=CTHH ~)a~o~al~(~c~ ~pO-

-- G c~IaB~ BH~a MHOEbCTBO IApKBHH. H 3110;D~H XpI~I~Hbl ~JIO

2k e °e

"C~oeo o 3GRo~e H ~.~GeoOGmzx ~ 9

HapHJxY c Hpoc.naBoM OHHOR H3 oaMux ~pK H x ~ H ~ HTHX ~eT 01¢rl H31apHOHr ~OTOpOMyt B Cor~aCHH C Tpa~HI~HeR H C OOo3HaqeHHP..M ero KaK aBTopa MO3IHTB~, c/te~SrK~eR za C3B B CHHOHR3/JbHOM cn~cKer ITpHnHMaeTcK aBTOpCTBO aC/IOBa"o 0KOHqaTe37JbHbLKHOKa3aTejrIbCTB Ha HTOT CHeT HeTa HO Bcea qTO H3BeCTHO O0 H~apHOHe, yOe~TanbHO POBOpHT B ~O~b3y ero aBTOpCTBao ~axe ec3ui C3B OKaBaJIOCb IIpHBHSaH~ K HMeHH H31apHOHa nO3HHee (C3B He O503Ha~eHO HTHI~RMeHeM HH B O~HOM H3 H3BeCTHhlX CTIHCKOBt TOrHa KaK MOJ~T~a, BXO~E, KaK n~aBx¢/xot B COCTaB C3Be 3¢13~m~-- oOa'pa3a B ~pOCTpaHHOR peHaKRHH --ilpHrtH~n~_aeTcH H/~apHOHy, CD4o PO3OB 1961:50~ 1963:148), HTOT BHOOp TIpe~CTaB/LReTCR HapeHKOCTb y0eHHTP.IIbHI~M; e~BR3IJ~ KTO H3 COBpP.MeHHHKOB ]~IapHOHa, H3BeCTHIgX CBOeR ~HTepaTypHO-ITpOnOBeHHHHeCKOR He~TeJ'IbHOCTb~t MOXeT npeTeH~OBaTb Ha ~paBo OHTbaBTO-- pOM C3B C 06n~nnu~ OCHOBaHHRMH, HeMH31apHOHo B CaMOM He-Jzet ~eTOIDICH~e ~aHHI~e ~o~epKHBalOT UKHRL~KHOCT~" H O~a- rOqeCTHBOCT~ H3zapHOHa, 0m~3OCT5 ero K Hpoc.rtaBy~ CB~b e~o co CB. CO,HeR H OCOOeHHO C ~qepcKRMMOHaCTIgpeM, BbTLOOCIIIR~ H3 "~HepKH"# KOTOpSrI0"HCKO~a" PL~apHOH H B KO- TODOR ~O3Ee ~OCe.IDL;ZCE AHTOHHR. Cpo no~ 1051 r. (6559):

~OCTaBH I~pocJZaB~ ~ a p H ~ H a MI4TpOnO31HTOM~.PycHHa.

B ~ H COS~H° coOpaB~ enrMo H ce Ha cKa~eJCb ~TO

p~H npo~Baca ~eqepbcKb~ MaHaCTI~pbo 0~JU0OHBOMy 00

KHa3~ ~pOC~aByo3ZI00~0BopeCTOBOSo H~-KB~ Ty CSrlE~0.

C ~ A~. H noI~g MHOE~g HaO~10o B H~e O~ npe3By-

Tep~ 14MeHeM]b ~ a p H ~ H ~ My~J~ O~'~. KHHEeH~ H nOCT--

HHK~. [HI xoxalue c BepecToBaro Ha ~H~np5 Ha XO3DCb.

K~ HIgH~ BeTXI~H MaHacT~Ip5 Heqepbc~. [HI TyM~---~B¥

TBOp~Uue. O~ O0 Ty ~C~ BP-~HK~o HCKO~a ne~epNy Ma~y

~BycaxeHy. H npHxo~ c BepecToBoro ~n~Ba~e qacJg H

MOYut~ec.~ Ty B~ BTaHH~° nocel~b ~e B~ KHa3~ B~OX~H B~ £

Cp~eo H nOCTaBH 11 M~TpOnO31HTOM~ B ~ H CO85Ho a CH

neqepKa Taro [G]CTa ... AHTOHHH ~e np~e I~geBy. H

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np~e Ha XO3DCb H~ 0~ ~ a p H ~ H ~ HCKO~a3~ nepKy.

H B~331100H M~CTO c e H BceJmc~ B H e , H HaqaMO~HTHP.~

B~ CO c~e~aM~ P".u~° ~ OyTBep~ M~BM~CT~ teMP. H Ha'

Oy~eTb Ha M~CT~ CelV~ 0~BeHbe C ~ ~Op~ , o .

(~aBp., 155-157)

I0 .8. H. To~opoe

YKOpeHeHHOCT~ HJIaPHOHa B KH~Be H I~pHBH3aHHOCT~ K Heb~ BOCCTaHaB/EdBa~A~e H~ 7I~TonHcHoI'o OTI~BKa, JlSV~l~e Bce~o O0~JKCHR~0T TOT C ~ paHHHR B pyCCKOR ~TepaType IlaHerHl~HqecloIR oOpa3 K~eBa (~ O~HOBpeMeHHO nep~q on~T B xaHpe Popo~cKoro "Irpe~neRsa~a"), KOTOp~R ~aH B C3B -- KaK pa3 B CBE3H C TeMOR SpocnaBa (Peopr~) MaK npo~o~- ~aTeJ~ ~eJla csoe~o OTl£a Kna~HMHpa:

• o. l~Ke He~oKoJ HS~aHa~ TBoa HaKOHSqa o o. Ha ~CT5

H mc~eH~e PpaF TBoe~/, x~e ] o ' b BC~KO~ KpaooTom O¥--

KpaCHo [ snaTobrb H cpeOpoMbo H KaMeJH'IeMb ~par~u~.

H c~c~ qe ICTH~H. ~ze ~-~H ~HBHaJH c.UaBHa BC~Mb

~ p y x ' b S . H ~ . [ cTpaHaMb. ~ O z e s e a s e ~ 0 p a J = e ~ c ~ s ~

BCe.b~b I I O / I K H O ~ 3 e M H ~ M I ~ B ~ C T O K 8 J ~ O 3 a n a ~ a o H c n a B -

ue~ mOnomurb. J n p ~ n a ~ .mo~u~ TBoa H r~a~o [ C~tH %-- BceC~aBH~H oKoptH Ha no[Moth xp~'~aHO~rb ~tH 0~Ho [

n e p s a a y ~ r ~ - E c ~ a a r o n p a s e H ~ a , c~-~ro 0 ~ - r o v t m e H ' i a . . .

p ~ H c ~ ~ a J r o s t p H ~ m r p a ~ e ~'E c T o 0 o ~ . . .

H ~a.txee B oOpa~IeHHH ~¢ KH#ZSm B.rla.u.lu~py:

BbCTaHH q e c T H a a r ~ a B o . [ ~ r p o S a T B o e P o . . . s~cCal-. ~"

CTBOb~b c~a~0J~bo BR~b I~-KB~ ~BeT~. [BHEb XpT'IaHb--

CTSO pacTa~e. I BH~ ~ rpa ~" H,oHab~ CT~X~ [ ,cs~mae~ H 6 n H c T a ~ e c A . H T i M i a H o ~ b m O o y x a e ~ b x I x~ana~u~

~TBeHaMH H n~IH'i~ CT~HMH wrnmnaeMb. (192a-193a) ~6

B~a~HMHp, ero C~H PeopPHR, H HX ~eTH~e IfHeB oSpasy- ~T e~HH~0 ~enb, noc.ue~Hee 3BeHO KOTOpOR -- KHeB -- KaK O~ MaTepHa~HsyeT a e p y SO BcecR~qHe OJlaro~aTH, B TO, ~TO

eT~

"x~a O~Tb BC~ 3eMm0 WO~T~" (174a~ Bap.s uuno~,u).

IIO~OOH~L~ HecKoJIbKO HaHBHaE pa~OCTbe po~aeMaH yBe~eH-- HOCTX3R) B 31ePKOCTH H 0eCIIpeII~ITCTBeHHOCTH BhlIIO3IHeHH~ 00- XeCTBeHHOPO 3ab~c~la, B rIOBCe~HeEHOM HaJIHqHH 3pHbE~X ~OpM ero BOIUXOmeHHE, orlpe~eJl~eT o0~0 aTMoceepy OXITH-- MHCTHqecKoR "OTKpHTOCTH" e ~poCBeTJIeHHOCTHt ~JIa~o~aTHO- CTH, KOTOpaK xapa~TepHa H ~ C3B, H ~ caMo~o ~peB-- HerO KHeB~, H ~ e~o npHpO~HOPO ~laH~a~Ta, XIOHHMaeMo--

"C~oeo o 3axo,e u 6~u2oOum~" 11

~O KaM "MHp BORER" (~oxa3aTe~HO H3BeCTHOe TEDOTeHHe p~a TeKCTOB ~eBHepFcCKORJIHTepaTYI:~ K "H@RS~KaM", K ~3oSpa~eHP~0npHpo~; Tpa~II~H, BOCXO~q~He ~ ~CEUITb~H ~eCTO~HeBF HOaHHa 3x3apxa, oKa3a~Hc5 B ~TOR c~epe ycBoeHH~ C OCO5~ T~aHHeM, a HHO~a H C r~HCTpaCTH- eM). BMec~e c Te~ B C3B Y~e OSHapy3~.BaeTc~ CJ1eJ1 cBepx- OnTHMH3Ma, 27 C/D~KOM ~e30~U~IHOR yBepeHHOCTH B TOI~Ke- CTBe 5~a~O~aTH (TaK cKa3aT~ hic et nunc), TO~O saSePa- HH~ Bnepe~, KOTOpOe TaE CBORCTBeHHO pasH~M H e p H o ~ M H ~OpMaM pyCCKO~O r~ocBe~eRFKecTBa H~ B qaCTHOCTH~ T~M nepBhD4paSOTHHKaM O~IHHHa~IIaTOPO qaca, O KOTOp~EK 3~eC~ H.tteT peq5o

H s ~ e c b ~'MeCTHO O T C T y n n e H H e o 6 0 ~ H O R B a x H o R H , r ~ a B - HOe t B D ~ p B ~ e (nO CFTH ~ e J I a ) 3 a ~ B ~ e H H O ~ T e M e C 3 ~ - - O K H e s e . He c ~ z ~ t a n H o , ~ T o a K T y a ~ ~ H a H HCTOpH~ecKaRt n a l ~ t T b t KaK OHa o T p a x e H a B " H o B e c T H BpeMeHHI~DC~eT" H B ~t~FFHX npoHsBe,I leHH~tX ~ O T a T a p C K O R 3 n O X H t He BOC.XO~T r n y ~ e n e p ~ o ~ a n p a B n e H H ~ H p o c . u a B a e 1 0 1 9 - 1 0 5 4 r r . (B ,U~py~I4X HCTO~HHKRXu H a n p m ~ e p t ~ o n b K n o p m ~ t MOXHO I l p e ~ - nonaFaTb H 6onee rnySoKyw naM~Tb, C.Mo Pox~e~KHR 1912: 28-76, r~e B ~b~IHHHOM Ku~n-epa0 npe~no~araeT¢~ BH~eT5 OTpaXeHHe TOR xe peanHH, ~TO H B JIp.-HCJIo XQanugu~; Cpo TaKxe Da,pa~s%ud~ ["Hervarasaga"] xaM 0503Ha~eHHH K~eBa, ropo~a Ha ~Henpe [Danpar, c~. H;lem P.BHr%¥cco- Ha], npH Henpyc~ ~opoO H3 ~u~e~ o ConoB~e By~MH- poBH~e: He~pa '~Henp', cp. KyHHK 1845:55; BpayH 1880: 289; ~a~KeBH~ 1886:224; HeTpOB 1897:3; ApMa~eBCKHR# AHTOHOBHq 1897=36--37 H T.no; OO3Op To~eK 3peHHE, K CO-- Ea~eH~0, TeH~IeHUHO3H~Ro -- TOnOqKO 1983:15-17) o ~HHO CO BpeMeHH HpocJlaBa Ha~I~HaeTCE CHHX~OHH~U~ ~HKCRI~ HpOHCXO~I~e~O, HepB~e Or~T~ "~OpTpeTHpOBaHH~" Bp~MeHH H ePo ~epoeB~ O~H~H~ KOTO~N~X CTa~l KHeBo MOEHO cKa- ~aT~ ~TO Bpe~u[ B ~eBHeRnu4x BepCHHX pyCCKOPO ~eTo~H- CaHHH B n e p BM e oco~Hano ceSE H H3oOpa~10 B K H e a e . 2e A K o ~ a HeCKO/I~KO ~ o 3 ~ e ~TO " ~ H e B c x o e " Bpe,v,~ 5r=uxo n o ~ - BepoTaHo x 3~eMeHH MH~OBOR HCTOpHH~ Ha~HHa~ C ~HeR TBO-- peHH~ H OCO~HHO OT~eTJIHBO ~ EB~eHHH XpHCTat OKOHqa-- TeJI~HO CJIO~PUIOC~ TO--O# KO~OpOe CTa~O OCHOBaHHeM ~a~bHeR~e~O pa3RHTHH Ha~bHO~O KOMT~Ie~Ca HCTOpHOCO~C-- ~HX ~leR Ha PyCH. H B ~TOR flepc~eKTHBe KHeB TaKEe oKa- 3a~cE ~eHTpa~bHOR TeMOR~ BMCTyIIa~ KaK cpe~oCTeHHe HC-- T O p H q e c K o P o H XpHcTHaHCKOrO B Z~I3HH B O C T O ~ CJIaB~H ~TOR 9HOXHo

~Ba cOS~THE, npe~necTBy~e cepe~HHe XI B., oKa3a- F~c~ B ~TOM OTHO~eHHH OCHOBO~O~OXHI~4~-- yTBep~eHHe KHR~KeCKOR ~HaCTHH B l(HeBet CB~3aHHOet BH~L~Ot C ~axBa-- TOMKHeBa H~OpeMOKOJIO 940 p°~9 H:BBe~eHHe XpHCTHaHCTBa

12 B.H. Tonopoe

Bna~m~poM, OTHOCmeoe n e ¢ o r m c ~ x 988 r . ( c p . ~ p ~ " y T O ~ X e HCCJIe~OBaHHR# I~qHHSJI C 80--bIX ~ r o n p o ~ n o r o BeKa -- rOny6HeCKHn 1880 ; J~HHHHqeHKo 1886; 3 a a H T H e a ~ 1888~ FO~ySOBC~Hn 1 8 8 8 : 1 6 - 2 3 , H ~ p . ) . 05a ~¢HCO0~CHS T e c s e ~ m < o S p a s o M c o o T H e c J m c b c KH e a oMe HMeHHo a 9TO BpeHs npHoSpecun~4 ocoSoe 3HaqeHHe B c l o l y con nep~eHccayx~e~ pcomt xoTop~0 c c a u a H r p a T b aeJmKXn T o p r ~ B ~ n~ - r~ "Hs B a p R r a F p e x H m Ha ~OHe y n ~ a ~ o n x - c K o r o n y T H B y~r£oBHRX a o 3 p a c T ~ e n 9XCnaHCHH Ko~eHHH-- KOB Ha ~rO--BOCTOXe. YKaSaHHI~e C05[tTHR CHrH~JIHSHpOBaJIH H~YlH~He TOn CHT¥c~dI4 p e ~ K O r O ~ O 3 p ~ C T a H H R KOHCTpyKTHB-- HOr~ ~ H e p r e T H ~ e C K O r O ~OTeH~HSJla~ KOTOpS~ ~ H B ~ K 00- - pa3oBaHHl0 p a H H e r O C y ~ a p C T B e H H O ~ R ~ p a Ha ~ H e n p e ¢ ~eHT-- pOM B I ~ e a e H noaze I ~ e a c x o ~ PycH c e e ~ueen oS~e~J~He- HHR p y c o ~ X seMenb a o ~ p y ~ K H e a a . B c~oe BpeMR 5~na a B - c~a~aHa z ~ n o T e 3 a , c o r ~ a c H o KOTOpOR saaoeaaHHe HropeM I ~ e a a 5~no ¢ n e ~ c T a H e M n a ~ e H H s ~ r o - B o c T o ~ H o n n p H a s o a c - Ko~ PyCH - - n o n ~ H - - a 3 a n a ~ H o M H a n p a B ~ e ~ H , ~ p H B e ~ n e r o

OTTeCHeHH~ (nocne B ~ T H R HepeceqHa) y~m~ea c HmcHero T e q e H H s ~ H e n p a Ha s a n a ~ H ~ r o - ~ a n a ~ H OcOSeHHO K OTTeC-- HeHHI0~PeB~IJ~H (HX c . r l e ~ O S H a p y ; ~ d B a l O T C R # l : ~ e T c R ~ B Ca-- ~ H I ~ e a e , Ha H o ~ o ~ e H ~ e Ha ~ e BoM 5 e p e r y ~ H e n p a ) K ~ a n a ~ y ( H a p x o M e H ~ O 1 9 2 4 ¢ 4 4 ~ n . ~ C e p e ~ o H H H 1 9 1 6 : 1 4 6 - - 1 4 8 ) . Ec~m ~ T a r H n o T e s a B e p H a , TO y T a e p ~ e H H e H r o p s a I ~ e a e ~ O ~ H O p a c ~ a T p H B a T b c ~ ~ a ~ O T p ~ e H H e a a ~ m ~ CHHTeTH~ec-- KHX T e H ~ e H ~ H n ~ ~° ~eHTpOM p e ~ m s m ~ H KOTOp~IX ¢ T S J I K H e B "~OJI~HCKOR n ~ O X H . TO~HO TaK ~ H XpHCTHaHCT~O CTSJIO o S ~ e 3 H s ~ l v ~ I M p~'IHrHO~I-IblM H HCTOpHqec~HM COSMTHeM B K H ~ - Be HpH ~ I ~ p ~ XOTR~ BH,IUdMO~ HOII~TEH X~HCTHaHH~J .HH BOCTOqFAdX C~RBRH rlpe~npHHHMa3IItC~ H p a H ~ e H ~OHyCTHMO C q H T a T b (BcJle~ ~a HeKOTOphII~I H C T O p H K M ) # ~TO ~ o - ~ a - ~ g t ~ H ~ q ~ C T ~ BOCTOqHOrO ~JI~B~HCTB~ 5~IYI~ XOT~ 5M OT~aC-- TH~ XpHCTHaHH~HpOB~H8 ~ l ~ O n r O ~O K O H ~ X B . He ~ a n - HO, ~TO C~ H HaKOB MHHX, BosBe~R ~ HrOp~ Ha~a~o ~HHac- THH# Ha3MB~0T e~O ~NGp~R ("°o. Be~HKaaro ~araHa. Ha~ea SeM~H Bo~o/~u~epa. B~H~Ka cTaapaPo Hropa" -1840). HasHaqeHHe ~TOrO ~nHTeTa (B OT~HqHe OT ~epeH~Hp~0~e- ro xapaKTepa cmup~ B "CRoB~ o no~Ky HropeBe", cp:-"To- ro c Tap o ~ o Bna~HMHpa H~JI~ 5~ ~pHrBO~TH K~ ro- paMb KIeBCKHMb . . . " H~H "~B~e n~CH~ C T a p ~ M ~ KHR-- seMb, a ~OTOM~MO~O..~m~b n~TH c~aBa ...") -- B yKa~aHHH TOqKH OTCqeTa~ CBR~aHHOR C npe~e~eHTOM~ Ha~o~o onpe~e- ~IHB~HM HCTOpH~KHeBCKOn PyCH° $I

Te rocy~apcTHeHm~e (TowHee -- ~pe~roc¥~apcTBeHH~e) H p~rHOSH~e H~eH~ KOTOp~e MO~HO-~pe~10~a~aT~ 3a COSMTH-- R24H~ CBR3MBaM B X B° C R~4eHRMH HrOpE H B~R-m~pa, npeTepneJ~, BH~U40, ~HaqHTeJI~H3~0~BO/~0LU~ BO BpeMR ~HE-- ~eHHRHpOC~aBa B KHeBe° K KOH~7 30--X ~oXI B° ~TH H~eH r~HoSpeJIH HecpaBHeHHO 5onee KOH~peTHSq0 ~OpMy, HO--~ep-- B~X, H 5o~ee P/~5OKO6 ¢0~ep~aHHe, BO--BTOpMX. O~HaKO

" C ~ o e o o 3 u ; ¢ o ~ 8 1.~ 6~u~OdUmu" 13

nep~R ~¢an ~ETe3~HOCTH HpOC31~Ba 0h131BeChMa CJIO~eH (npeO~BaH~e B HOBHOpO~e, 32 ccopa c OT~OM BanHKHM KH~S-- eM BJIa~HMHpOM, ~ onaCHOCT~ 3axBaTa HOBHOI30~a H oOpa~e- HHe K Bap~raM, 3~ HeOXH~aHHO~ yCTpaHeHHe yI~DOSM~ ~s ~OXO~ B KI~eB H yTBe~eHH~ B He-M) 36 H, MO~HO cKa3aTb, Hpocna- By MHO~Oe rlpl~lOC.b ~e31aT~ 3aHOBO~ HOBTOpHR OTqaCTH y~Ke ~OCTHHHyTOe KH~BCKHMH KHR3bRI~H B X Bo 0~HOCT5 ~a~aH Hepe~Ko a~Bana HoTpeSHOCT~ B oOpa~eHHH KO~HHMH TeM ~e CO~3HHKaM~ CO~H~BIIMMCR CO ~CBOHMH" (cp° xapaKTep- Hoe pac~HpeHH~ O0~eHO MOTHBa 3aXBaTa KHeBa HE~De~I H Rpoc_naBoM: "H c~e HHOpb KHF~a B l~eB~ ..~ H~5~lua y He~ B a p R 3 H MSr4U~ C ~ O B e H ~. H OTTe.3T~ IlpOqlfH ll]p~- 3Balnaca P y c ~ ~" [HoBH. 1 - a ~ ~eTOno ] rrpH: "~poc~aBH ~e COBOKFn~B~ Pycb. H B a p ~ . H C~OB~H~ s [ ~ a ~ p . , 142-143. 1018 r.]). H ~o e~IHHOB~aCTHOHO yTBep~r~eHHE. B K~eBe B 1036 P°, H noc.ue 3TOHO (HCKJIIOHR~Db noc~le~- HHe ~O~ cBoeR XH~HH) HpOCJIaB nOCTORHHO coBepmaeT noxo- /~I, KOTOpMe OTHeT~IHBO oSHap~B~/0T eHo opHeHT~3RM Ha ceBepo-~a~a~, ceBep H CeBepO--BOCTOK (BepecTbe~ BeJIg[M], qepBeHCKHe ropo~a, H O n b C K H e [Ma3o~e], HTB~cKHe, ~T-- OBcKHe, HF~CKHe H ~CKHe [~Mb] 3e.~a/IH,-HOBHOpO~ Bepx- HRR Bo~Ha H T.~.). ~ KOHCTpyKTHBH~Ie oSHe~HHHTe3I~I4Me TeH~eHI~H ~pORB/LEIOTCR H B pR~e ,~FHI4~ HaHHHaHHR HpOC./la- Ba (saMeTHO OT~HHa~II~HXCE~ Mex~ ~poqHM~ OT ~OXO~OB# Tal~Ke MHOI~D~HC~eHHr~X~ eHo OT~a~ KHR3~ BJla~/4MHpa) --.B OCHOBaHHH HOpO~OB (K]pbeB# HpocuaB~, HOpo~a'Ho POCH a 1032 Ho), HOB~OpO~CKOR nOm~THKe (no~aB~eHHe BOCQTaHHR B HOBHOpO~ B 1015 Ho, HeO~HOKpaTHbM ~ORB~eHHR B HOBHO- po~e~ Oopb0a 3a HOBI~0poA C nO~O~KHM MHRgeM, KOH~/IHKT HpocJlaBa.~ HOBHOpO~CKHM Hoca~HHKOM KOCHRTHHOM ~OSp~IHInl-- HeM, B~O~ Bpa~leSH/~M KHeBCKOR /~HHaCTHH H COC./IaH~ cHaqaJla B POCTOB~ H&H HHT~pecT~OH~ BO~MO~HO~ H Hpe~cTa- BJIF,31~ a HOTOM Ka~HeHHT~IM Ha 0Ke)~ opHeHTRD~H Ha Da35vM- H~R KoMnpo~cc B C~O~H~X yC~OBHRX (Cpo coH~acHe. Ha ~BO-- eB~acTHe B KHeBe c MCTHCJIaBOM H KaK pe3y~bTaT= "Haqac- Ta ~TH MHpH~. H B ~paTOJIX06bCTB~. H OyCTa o¥coSH~a H MATe.Y~. H 5~-G-THmHHa Bem~Ka B ~eM31H" (~aBp. 149w 1026 Po]) H T.no HaKOHe~e WKHeBo~eHTpHHHOCTb" HOm4THKH ~po- cJlaBa Bee OSH~I~HHHTeJIbHOM aoneKTe MOEeT 5~Tb ~CMOTpe--. Ha B TOM w HTO CBOHM~eT~4 OH B~e_21Hn O/~KaRl~e K KHeBy ropo~az CBRTOC~aBy -- qepHHHOB, BceBono~y -- Gepe~c.uaB, HHOp~ --B3Ia~HMHp-Bo~flCKHR, B~ecnaBy --CMo~eHcKTrpH TOM, HTO B KHeBe not.he Hpoc.uaBa c~aneHo c~fl flssc.naB. HapxoMeHKO (1924~I07) no~epKHBaeT, HTO HasBaHH~e HOpO- ~a pacno~oEeHsl B 5acoeRHe Cpe.~HeHo H BepxHeHO ~aeHpa H HTO B HOBHOpO~e c~en =Tap mH R C~H HpocnaBa Bna~H- MHp ~O caMoR cBoeR cMepTH (1052 Ho}.~ TeMca~z~ISpoc~aB KaK 5M oSo3HaH~n oco5~0po;~ EHeBa H eHo 5~H3KOPO OKpy- EeHHR, c O~HOR CTOpOH~, H HOBHOpO~a, C ~yrOR. 05a STH Hopo~a OTMeHaJIH KJu0HeBMe MecTa Ha HnaBHOR TOpHOBOR Ma--

14 B.H. To~opoe

PHoTpam{ HTO~'O BpHMeHH B BOOTO~HOR EBpone ~s H, c.~e~o- BaTHJ15HO, ~O nop~ CnOOOSCTBCBaJIH pHaJIH3aI~HH ~eHTpaJIH-- 3yI01~HX TeH~HHI/~Ro

CXO,1IHble TeH~eHIZHH C T~.M x e ,IIBOHICHM ~ e K T O M p a c a u ~ e - HX~H H y r . u y S ; m a x ~ oTMeqm0TO~ H B c ~ e p e pe.rmx.Ho3HoR ~ e . q - TeJIbHOCTH ~IX)C.,'laBa# OBH~eTe., ' IbCTBpI0~eR O COBCeM HHOM ~ - pOBHe s ~ a ~ I10 cpaBHeHHI0 C H e ~ a B H I ~ n p o m m ~ - - p e M e H e M KHJ:DEeHI£,c/ B / / ~ 8 . I'/pH STOM O~p~t/l~aeT Ha CeqSRC BHHMRHHe OCOSa~ BM~eneHHOCTb ~e~HHR ~lpOOJlaBa B ~TOR c ~ e p e t n p H - X O ~ C ~ Ha K3IlOqeBhle MOZdeHTIg e I ' o KH~eHH~qo HX ~r:zJIO ~sa. 0ns~as H epBHR Hs HHX (5HTBM CO CB~TOIIOJIKOM H neqeHez'aMH B 1019 i'., noc21e KOTOpOR Hpoc~aB H no~- qR~'1 KHeBOI(HR rlpeoTo~)• ~eTOlIHCb KaK Ha I~eHTpa~LHOM HIIH-- 30~e• ZlpHTeH/~y~HM Ha CR[Jv~O/~IfqHCK.~I0 3HaqHMOOTbe OCTa-- HaB~HBaeTo~ Ha TeMH HeBHHHO ySHHHHb]X 5paTbeB HpocJ1aHa -- BOpHca H I'~eSa:

IlpH~e C~no~IK~ c IleqeH~. B cHJ1~ T~SI~. H ~pO-

C.JIaB~ CO[Spa MHOX~CTBO ]]OH H ~3h~e npOTHBy eMy Ha

/~bTOo MtpOCUlaB5 CTa Ha M~CT~ H~H~KH oyGmua BoDHca,

B ~ 3 ~ B ~ pyI~% Ha H--~O pe ~" KpOBb 5paTa MO~PO BonSeTb

TOS~ B~O. M~CT. ~ KpoBe npaBensa~o ce~o. ~Ko~e

MI~CTH~'Z% ~CS l~poBe ABemeBH. nono~u~B1~ Ha Karts% OTe-

sasbe S Tpaces~e. Taro nono~ s Ha temp. noMoaH~ca

H pel~° 5paTa Mo~t a~e ecTa H T~nOMI~ [T~a] ~c~a°

HO M~I"-TBOI0 IIOMOS~Ta MH Ha npoTHBHaZ'o ce1"o y0HHIL~0 H.

~oP~a~o H ce HMy pemm0 no~o-~a npoTHBF COOk. H no-

l~p~-~a no[~le] J1eTbcKoe mSoH . °. K seqepy ~e m~o~1~

~pocnaB~. a C~'~nonK~ 5~Ea ... (~laBp., 144, 1019 r.)

~Ta napa~.~en~ (ABemb -- BOpHC)• C~OpMyJIHpOBaHHa~ Hpoe.na- BOM, KaK 5~ B~JlloqaeT HH~aBHO i1poHcnle~ee COSb~THH B KOH-- THKCT CBRI~eHHOR HCTOpHH~ rlpe~;laraeT p y c c K H R BapH-- aHT {SHS~leRCKOI'O MOTHHa 11 e p B O I' O y0HRcTBa, oKa~aBI~e- Z"OCE (~paTOy0HRCTHOMo s9 BpaToySHRCTBO, COBep-leHHOe CB~-- TO~IO~IKOM• T~M Ca.t~nIM TOEH KBa~IH~HI~HpyHTCH KaK I1epBOe (B HCTOpHH KHRDKHCKO~O po~a, no KpaRHHR Mepe), KaK He-~ KOH Haqa~1o~ I1O~lal, aHMoe HHBHHHI~IMH ~HpTRaMH ~BS'X 5paTI~HB• KOTOp~-IH OTHb~HH CTRHOHETCE IIOKpOBHTH/LqlV~ H 3RI~HTHHKa/.~[ PyCCKOR 3el~lH• ~0 C O~HOR CTOpOH~I~ H yqaCTHHKalv~ Ba~KHO- I'O H IIOy~IHTe~lbHOI'O rlpeI~e~eHTa, ~el0~ei'o CTaTb OIIpe~e/z-

"C~o6o o 3a~o~¢ z~ 6~a~oOam~" 15

SU0~MOpanbH~M KpHTepHeM (cBoero poNa npHTqeR), c ~pyroR CTOpOH~. ~l ~cTyna~ 2o H~LR ySHeHH~X 0paTbeB- eTpaCTOTepn~eB H KaK 5~ npHOeraR K ~OMO~ TOR CB~TOC-- TH~ KOTOp~LR 5bL~a ~OpO~eHa HTOR ~OSpOBO~HOR ~epTBOR~ RpoCJIaB He TO~KO OTOMCTRLVl 3a HHX~ HO H (qTO ~opaHNo BaXHee) OSOBHaqRL~ HX CRB~BOFE~qeCKS~0 po~b B RKTy~L~bHOR pyCCKOR ~U~3HHo Y~e B C ~ e M (1020) ~o~Rpoc~aB nepeHeC TeJ~a oSoRu¢ 5paT~eB B ~epKoBb CB. BacH/~4R B B~n~opoNe; ez TorNa ~e ~pOHHO~/3~O npHqHC~eHHH BOpHca F~eOa K ~ H K y CBRr~X, ~s B HX qeCTb 5~ yCTaHOB~eH IlpaHN- HHqHMRNeHb, B KOTO~ coBep~a~ac~ ocoSaH ~epKOBHa~ cJly~Sa; FpOSHH~a 5paTbeB cpaHy ~e CTR~a MHCTOM naHloMHH- qecTBa (ocoSaR OTMe~HHHOCT~ BOpHCa H r~eSa Ha PyCH, OT-- paHH~UaRc~ B ~HpKOBH~X~paHNHHKax H c/DJ~SaX, B /L~Tepa-- Type H HCKyCCTBe, B TOnOHHMHqeCKHX ~aKTa~H T.~.~ HOCH-- ~a COBep~eHHO HCKH~0~IHTeH~bPJ~R xapaKTep; He CJIyqaRHO, BH-- ~HMO, qTO Ky~bT BopHca H ~eSa 5~n npHHHaH H PPJ4CKO-- ~aTO~H~ecKoR ~HpKOB~)o B HTOM KOHTeKCTe, HMeE B BH~ npe~e BCe~O CBHH~ Hpoc~aBa My/~o~o c BOpHCOM H ~eSOM H C COOTBeTCTB~0~HM Ky~TOM~ yMeCTHO Ha~OMHHT~ MHeHHH# CO~aCHO KOTOpOMy B ~OCHIeNHHe PO~ ~¢HHHH~pOC~aB~ 5~JIO COCTaB~HHO "CKa3aHHe H CTpaCT5 H noxBa~acB~T~0MI~ZeHH-- Ky BOpHCa H PneSa" (cp. ByFOC~aBCKHR 1914:135--143; 1928). EC~H 3TO~ NeRCTBHTeHIbHO, TaK, TO TeMa BOpHCa H ~eSa o~aHa~ac5 CKBOHHOR ~OMHHRHTOR pe~H~HOHHOFO yCT~OeHH~ B I~eBcKoR PyCH Ha HCeM npOTRDKeHHH KHFEKeHHE Hpocu~aBa My~pol~Oo CMo H~e°

B T O p O R K/~0~eBOR MOMeHT B KHR~KeHHH HpOcJlaBa MYN- polo -- 1036 P., KO~a OH CTa~ "CaMOB~aCT~eM" ~OCJle CMepTH MCTHCJ~aBa H OTpaHH~ cpasy ~e BC~H~ 3a HTHM Ha-- naB~HX Ha KHHB neqeHeFoB 6o-~c~a. H eC.2/H B nepBOM HnH-- HONe B 1020 r . pOKOBOe MeCTO 5bL~O OCBH~eHO npO~HTOR KpoBb~ BOpHCa, TO B NaHHOM c~ae, B 1036 P., pem~o~ee C05~THe ~IOOHBO~O Ha MeCTe~ KOTOpOMy ~p~JZCTOR~O CTaTb CBR~eHH~M~

HeqeH~HH npHcTynHma ~ noqa~a. H ccTyrnmuacA Ha

M~CTO. H~HXH CTOHTb H~H~ C'-TaM Co8~ ° MHTponons~

PyCscKam° 5~ 50 TOrNa no~e BH~ r p a ~ a . H 5~c~a

sna. (~aBp., 151, 1036 r.)

He C~yqaRHor qTO cpaHy xe nocJle HTHX COS~THR HaqHHaeT- CH TOT paHHeKHHHCKHR HpocJ~aBOB pHHeCCaHCe O KOTOpOM ~OBOpHTC~ B ~eTO~HCHOR CTaTbe nON 1037 r., ~e ~HTHpO-- BaB~HRC~ B~e (OCHOeHHe "~OHLq BH~ rpa~a", r~e 5U~M. eHHO B HTOM ~O~y 3a~OZeH Hpoc~aBOB ~O~ON, O KOTOpOM CM. Ca~a~aK 1982; Apxeo~oPiqHi ~oc~izoKeHH~ 1976:104CJI. H ~0o). B HTOR CTaTbH ~oBOpHTCE H O 3~y~HX HaqHHaHHHX

16 B.H. Tonopoe

~ t p o c n a B a o H e K o T o p u e Hs m ~ x , B F ~ M O , Tp¥~IHO J I ~ T H p o B a T b HMeHHo 1 0 3 7 r . ( C p . M o H a c T ~ H C S . I ' e o p ~ m ~ H C ~ . HpHHH, OCHOBaHHe KOTOpt;IX O ~ H O OTHOCR[T K 1 0 5 1 - - 1 0 5 3 r ~ . ; ~ n p o - • [P-Me H ~ p y r H e Ba]KH]bl~ COOp~:KeHI~[ -- ~OJIOT~1e BOpOTae KaK H He 5qlOM~HFT~e B CTaTbe ~cKHe H ~H~OBCKH8 BOpOTa, H I~epKOB T- CB° CO~HH -- e~sa ~H MOPyT OhITb oTHeCeHM Herlpe- MeHHo H To~eqHO K 1037 to)• TeM He MeHee, B~0Op 9TOI'O rosa B Ka~ecTBe BaxHoro pyOe~a B B~C~eR CTeneHH noKa- SaTeJleHo ~OCTaTOqHO CKa3aTb, ~TO HMeHHO B 1037 r. 0~a yqp~eHa pyccKaH MHTpO-'~OJIHR B KHeB~e H eCTb cepbe3m~e OCHOBaHHE noJxaraTSw ~TO C CaMOI'O Havana HpocJ1aB ~OHH-- MSJI STy HHCTHT~H~0 KaK Cpe~CTBO K Co3~aHHI0 CaMOCTO~-- Te21LHOR pyCCKOR I~epKBH. HeCoMHeHHO, qTO TOJlb~O CTaB e~HHOJIHqH~M ~paBHTeJl~.~4 KHeBa H Ha MHOrO JleT ycTpaHHB OIIaCHOCT ~- Ha0~I'OB KOqeBHHKOB Ha l~eB~ ~pocJlaB c~401 ~ OT-- ~aTbC~ ~HpOKOMaC~Ta0HoR rpa~OCTpOHT~IbHOR H EyJI~TFpHO-- IIpocBeTHTe~IbHOR ~eETeJIbHO~TH. 0COOblR pa3Max npHoOpe.uo CO3~aHHe HOB~IX ~.J~H~HO3141~IX I~eHTpOB, ~ C~.~H ~OTOp~IX ~SyM -- CB. CO~HS H FmeBo-HeqopcxHR MOHa=Thrpb (= 1051 p. )~5 __ D~a~la o c o S a ~ poJ1b B HCTOpHH XpHCTHaHcTBa H npocBe~eHH~ Ha P¥cH. HyXHO ~yMaT v- , qTO R3~lyJII~C, ~aHH~R B nOCJle~HHe noJITOpa ~eC~TRUleTH~ ~HRXeHRL~ HpOO.~laBa~ He ;,.cq(~plla.n ceSR 3THM nepHo~loM: O~UmpHO8 IlepKOBHOe CTpOK-- TeJILCTBO BO BTOpOR IIOJIOBHHe X T B. B K~eBe H ero 5~m- ~aRl~Hx OKpeCTHOCTHX (~IHT~OBCKa~ ~epKoBb, YCneHCKHR CO,Op I l e ~ e p c K o l ~ ) M O H a C T t ~ , MHXaRJIOBCKa~ I IepI<oBb B/~I~IY- 5H~KO~O MoHacT~p~ [PonySe~ 1913:553-565], KnO~CK~..? CTa~aHH~b MOHaCTMpb, l~epKOB~ Ca • lleTpa, xpa~ CeMHOH-- OBOEOrO MoHacTMpE Ha I~OIIMpeBOM XOHI~e H T, .~ , BIIJIOT ~- ~O M~xaP.uoBcKoro 3~aToBepxo~o xpaMa B caMoM Haq~ue XII B. ) I'OBOp~IT CaM~ ~a CeSJ:J[, B ~TOM EOHTeKCTe He no~a~eTc~ cTpaHHOR H Ta 5OpbSa sa KaHOHH3a~00T~a Hpoc.naBa Bna- ;~M~pa, 5JIHCTaTeJIbH~ naM~THHKOM KOTOpOR cJIe~yOT CqH-- TaTb C3B. ~6

Iloc~ne Toro Max Oqep~eH B OS~eM BH~e KOHTeECT ~OCT- ~apcTBeHH~X H p~JIH~HO~Hb~X H~eR B ~nOXy HpocuaBa, MoP~a 5M~I0 CocTaBJleHO C3B, CT6HT oSpaTHTbCE e~e K O~HOMY KOHTeKCTy, C KOTOpMM CEh~bIM Cy~eCTBeHHhIM oSpa3oM c3~.3a- Ha TeMa KHeBa H 110 c~ecTBy, H B CBE~H C ee OTpa~eH~M B C3B. Pe~b H~eT O Ppa~OCTpOHTeJI~-HO--TOnO-- I ~ p a ~ H q @ c K oM KOHTeKCTe.~7 3~ec5 H3 aceR 3TOR Te~ c.ue~yeT B~anHTb COOTHOD~eHHe B n a ;I H M H p o a a rpa~a, KOTOphIR "B ~TO Bpe~Lq 5h~l e~e HeSOJlb~OR ~OpHOR xpenoc- T~, pa3Mep~ KOeR CBO~C~ K paROHF H~HeI~HeI~O IIOTO~Ta ~eCETHHHOR L~epKBH H ee 5m~aR~Hx OKpeCTHOCTeR", ~$ H H pO cJIaBoB a ~opo~a. B Te~eHHe HecKo~I~KHX ~leT (cule- ~oBaTeJlv-HO, He nocTeIIeHHO, a KaK 5M cpa3y) n~pBOHa-- qaJII~Ha~ TeppHTOpH~I KHR~KeCKO--/~3y~HHHOR IXHTR~eJIH Bb~OCJla BO M H O P O pa~ ~ npeBpaTH~acb B ~opo~cKoe. noceJleHHe HecpaBHeHHO 50~lee yHHBepCsJI~HO~O THIIa, T~I~oT~ee M

"C.noeo o 3 a x o ~ e u 6~a~odamu" 17

~a.ubHe~eJ~,pacumpeuLm0 3a cqeT Tepp~wopaR, Haxo;u~z.u~,c~ ~enocpanccBe~HoM COCe~CTBe (H3~cJIa~oB z'OpO~ [ T . Ha3.

MHxaP..uoacxoe o¢~e.ueHHe] H Konupe~ x o H e n ) , a aec~ojrm~o n o 3 ~ e H K y c T a ~ o a n e H ~ o o n n o 3 ~ H ~ c e r o B e p x H e ~ O l -opo~a H H X H e M y (HO~On). B pe~¥nbTaTe I ~ e ~ cTa.u a o c - npHmu.~aTbc~.xa~ ~ H o r o c o c T a a a o e H ~ ¢ ~ e p e ~ B a s H o e a CBOHX ~ C T R X ~...TIOe~ K o T o p o e ~b~ylo ~ e ~ COCTORH~'H TRK

HH~qe O p ~ H H 3 O B a T b ~ a l ~ I I I l . l e K I'Ol:)O.l:[y y p O ~ R -- ~OpOFozm~H, ~ e a X I Z B. c o o p y x a e T c ~ I~pH.unoac~aR a e p - ~Oab, X o p e a ~ y , ILuo~, Y r o p c ~ o e , BepecToao , Heqop~, p y S ~ t m , Bc~ 6 o n e e H 5 o n e e nO~I~IHHR.~ HX c e S e , a T ~ r H a a ~ a e,I~HH~0t n o K a ease " c B e p x r o l : > o ~ c ~ y f f i " C X ~ . ~9 He,ubsH COM'- H e B a T b c H B TOM, ~TO 3TO n O r T H B H e ~ r l H O ~ pe3Koe p a c n n ~ - p e H H e I ~ e a a nOnXHO ~ m o HpOH3BeCTH HCF, JII0'~3~T~.--rIbH~I~ 3 ~ " ~ e K T KaK Ha:KHTeJ le .~ ~ O p O ~ a , TaK H Ha BO3MO~Hb~X B H ~ F , X H a 0 T / 1 0 ~ T e 3 l e ~ . ~ 0 CFTH ~e,T/~ t OHH o K a 3 a , ~ H c ~ C B H 3 I e ¢ ~ HOBOrO pO~/IeHHR l ' opo~a B HecpaBHeHHO 0 0 3 I e e Be. rn~CT-- BeHHI~X~ TOp~eCTBeHI-~IX H Xy~O~I~CTBeHHO ~eHI-I/~X ~ 0 ~ , sO P a 3 a e p ~ a ~ a H c H n e p e n H x H 3 y M n e H H b ~ B3~JIR~OM KapTHHa B CO3HaHHH CTO.11~ HCK~J[I~HHO~O KHIOKHHKa H npOnOBP.jIHHKa~ K a K m ~ p H c y e T c H a a T o p C 3 B , n e r K o O0~RCHR~T H C B S T ~ I 0 # O~THMHCTH~eCK~I9 HacTpOeHHOCT~ 9TOI'O ~aM~THHKa~ H T~ eCTeCTB~HHOCT~e C KOTOpO~ T~lV.~ HOBO~O IQ~eaa BF, JIIO~a~TcR H K a . oM ~ e a o c T a T K a y~cnam~aeTcs a T e ~ y n p o T H B o n o c T a - BneHHR ~ B F X c~ep - s e ~ x o r o H HOBOrO, 0 H O n e a c ~ o r o H e B - a H ~ e 3 i ~ c K o r ~ # H ~ e ~ C K O I " O H XpHCTHaHCKOI"O (H ~a3Ke ~ p ~ c - c K o ~ o " ) ~ p a 3 p a O a ~ s a e ~ ; x B HCCJ;eD..VP_J4OM TeKCTeo

H e~e OJ1HH X p y r pear~HR ~ c ~ e H 5~T~ y~TeH B Ca~3H o C3B. P e ~ ~ I e T o Tex c ~ B m o n ~ x c ~ n a p a j l H ~ noBe~e - HHR# XOTOp~e x a p a K T e p l - n ~ i R ~HeBCKOR ~ 3 H H XX~B. B e e n o m ~ p m ~ x n p o n ~ x e m ~ n x x - - ~ n ~ p e -- o T o ~ .UYXOBHO~ CHTFa-- ~mx, xoTopa~ x ~ p a x T e p H s o B a . u a XH3Hb ocHoaaTene~ Heqepc - K o r o MoHaGTh~p~. Be~ OOO3HaHI~[ T O r O t ~TO O~HTa.llOCb ]P,~.e- a.n~m,nvz TxnoM noae~exH~ , caoez'o po~a C a ~ T O C T ~ , Tpy~HO nOHnT~ HePa I )X~ ,m/XOE~b~x~e~HocTeR, ~OTopa~ oSpa~¥eT He~y~0 u,tIeRHy~00CHOay C3B. K c~aCTb~, ~ p a c n o p ~ e H ~ HCCJle~oB~TeJI~ ~CT~ T~KCT HCI~IIO~HTeJI~HO~.Ba~HO~TH~ ~ o 3 - a o m ~ a c ~ o c T a T O ~ H O R K o H K p e T H O C T ~ y n ~ J I e T ~ T e ¢¢o1:)o_ HM~H3HH# KOTOpHe He no~y~lH./llf ~OJIXHO~O OT];)a~eHHR B l ~ ) y r H X ~aI~[THHKaXo XOTR "~HTHe ~eO~OCHR H e ~ e p c K o r o " 6~.uo COCTaBneHO HecTopoM, x a x CqHTm0T a 80 -X ~ . X I ~ . , OHO o n H c ~ a a e T H C ~ e = T B e H H O 5 o , u e e pam.o~o 3 n o x y ( ¢ e o ~ o - cH~ y ~ e p a ~074 ~ . ) , a ~aCTHOCTH, BpeM~ XH~L~eHH~ Hpo - cJ IaBae HaJ~qTb O KOTOpO~ e ~ e ~bUIa ~ B a a 8 0 - e ~ o ~ . X a - p a K T e p H o , ~ T O , p , ' , ~ S Oam~c~. S o ~ y , Ceonocm~ " . . . TaKo

~ x ~ TF c ~ x ~ . . . E r d a x e n p ~ n e ~ H oS~xo~m~ B c s ~ O H a -

18 B.H. Tonopo~

~ # XOT~ 6MTH MHHX'b H MOJIRCR 14M'o e ,Ga IlplDIT~b HlV/H 6 y J I e T ~ " . B/~5Op K H e B a K ~ c p e , l l o T o ~ l ~ ~yXOBHO--I:~..'UdrHO3-- HOI~ XI~I3HH TOrO BpeMeHH ~r~JI r KOHe~HO# HeCJIy~aI~HhlMo BOJ1- e e TOI 'Ot ~eO~OCHRw l l o - B ~ o l ~ ' w OCO3HaBaJ1 C B O e r O p o ~ a 1 1 ~ a 3 H a ~ e H H O C T / = COBeI:~IeHH~ C B O e I ' o ,I~/XOBHOI~O IIO;~BHra ]l~Mel4HO B ]~J, l e B e , B ~ 0 o p ~TOqHHJIC~ H KOHKpeTH3H~B~T/C.Ke KOI',~,~, ~)eO~IOCHR rlpHnle.TI K i1elzl~pe AHTOHH~a K O T O p I ~ B CBOI0 o ~ : e p e ~ ~a~0opoM STOr'O M e C T a 01~tr/ B H3Be'~£'HOR c T e n e H H O 0 ~ S a H I~L"/apHOHy (J IaBpo • 1 5 6 - 1 5 7 ) . 51 OCHOBbl ~ X O B H O r ' O 8 B T O p H T e T ~ l ' I e q e p c K o r ' o M O H a C ' r I : ~ I~IM-~HHO H 0bl.~IH ~ I o ~ e l ' ~ MOHSIIIeC/~HM nO~BHI"OM AHTOHI4~t HHKOH~ H ~eo ,~ocH .q (uH 0 ~ B I 4 ~ T H CB~TI4LYla TpH c~l l l a B'Jb ne~lept~ pa3r'OHJ:lllla TI~4[~ 0~, - COBbCI~I0 MOJIHTBOI0 H ~ J I K ~ H H e b ~ , M~H]0 ~(~ r l p s I I o , ~ o 0 H a a r o AHTOHH~# H 0J l~J~SHaarO ~ ) e o ~ o c H ~ H B~,.'IHKaaI'O HHKOHa,, CH 0 t - , a B~, n e ~ e p t ~ n . ~ n n e t ; o r . a , H B o r ' b z e 0,- c~, HmO~ H u e , 0 o , - - p e q e - - 2 HUH T p H e CI~LKyII3IeHH BI= HM.q MO~, T y e c M b r /ocpe . l I~ HX'b" -- WXHTH(~ ~80~OCHR u ) • HO r /pe , I~J~CTBO- Bar/ HM Ha ~TOM M e C T e ( a nOTOM npHCOP.JIHHIOIC~ I~ HI¢~4) H3I~pHOHo Ha ~)OH8 C o B c e M HHOR XH~HH B KHRXeCKOM ;I~BO1N.~e~ cBH,~eTe.nm~ KOTOpOR n p H x O ~ L n O C L 0MTb H ~eO~lOCm0 ( " H B~ e,l~HH'b OT ,~bHHI~ ].t~,I~'bllH0 K'b TOM~ 0Jlal"OM~ H 0OI"OHOC~bHOM~ OT~blT.10 H~IIIeM~ ~O,I~OCHI0# H HKO B'bHl4~e B'b Xp~J~b~ H ~ e ~ e 0~ KHH3b C~,I~J:~# M C~ BI4[~ ~& M H O ~ Hr ,pa l0~a llplkll 'b H H I ~ : OBbl l"yc. 'IbHbl~ l"JIacbi H C I l y l ] I a I 0 ~ # .U~yl"M.q z e Op~bl"RHI~I-lI~ l " J l a c ~ r lo l0~M'b~ H H.H'~M'b ~ a p b ~ I'-.H~KI~ rJlacJ:/IIl~M'l~ H T a K o BbCtM~ H r p m m i e . ~ b H B e c e n ~ m e b r b c ~ , H K o~e OObl~aR e C T b n p % u ~ ~ x ~ 3 b ~ r ~ . I ~ : q a ~ e H ~ z e , 0 t B ~ c K p a ~ e r ~ c ~ H : a o n y H H ~ a H HKO M~I]bl B'bCKJIOHHB'bCH# p e t e K~, TOMy" TO 0¥.zleT~ JIH CHI.~e Ha OHOblb C B ~ T ~ ? TO ~ e T y a 0 H ~ OHI~ C'b C,V/OB'bMb 0J'la~K~Haal"O yMH~HC~ H MSJIhl rlpOCJIb~HCH# I'IOB~JI~ T ~ ' o I'Ip~-- CT~TH, H O T T O 3 I ~ a~(~ KO3IH npHCTaB.flH~.~ TM,cl HI"paTH~ TH c ~ a a l d e 0~/a,lKeHa~'o npHldb;a'bl~a# TO noBe. r /~Baala le T%M'b Dp~-- CTaTH OT TaKOBbl~ HI"pM ~ ) • "00~lbCTB'bHMR~ 071a,~eH/:l~# 0OI~O - HOC~bHI~I~I~ 0 O I " O , I ~ n X H O B S ~ ~ ~80,I:~OCH~ H COB(~p~Ia~T CBO~ I I 0 - ,~BHI" C M ~ H H ~ # T e p I ' / e H H ~ MH~OCT~IHH~ JII00BH,, 52 KapTHI-~ MOH~IeCKHX 0~,l~He~ -- c o ~ e T a H H e MOJIHTBI~ ,U~XOBHOI"O I'IeHHH, ~M~pZ~IBTIeHHR I'DIOTH~ IIOKaR[HH~ C ~)H~H~eCI~HM Tpy~OM H IIH-- caTejrI3bC~OR ~I~RTe3IbHOCT/=I0 -- O03Ia3Ial0T I-J~BH~aHHOI~ ~ X I B . HaI"JIH~HOCT/~I0 H ~0~.~HTel /bHOCTbI0 . - - "A e x ~ HCrl~.pBa • U~THe "X~, B ~ n e u l e p ~ , H e n H ~ o c ~ p O H H n e , ~ a n H n p m a u a , Tt~CHOT~I pajIIH MI~cTa T O r O , BOI 'y e;0J~HOMy C'oBt~p~n~0, a yC-- TOlv~ ~ . J ' I O ~ h , CKOM'b H~ MOIIIHO HCIIOB~,IIaTH. K'b CHMb ~ e H H~b ~ 0~ p1~aH~ XTI~0~ T~KMO# TH Bo~a o o , E~le X~ H p y M ~ a ~BOHMa ~l~laXyTb ~T~IO: OBO JIH KOrlMTbl~a ll~eTy~le H ~lOOyl~bl~ H HHa py~bHaH ~//a OTpOE~Ie H TaKo, Hoc~mle B~ rpa~., npo~a~xy H T ~ ~mTo KFrlHXy, H C~ pas~I~JIHXFTb~ ~a K~o BI~ HOI~H CBOI0 qaCT v- H3Me~IR~IeT ~- Ha CI~CTpOeHHe XJI~0OMbo Ta~e 11o TOM ~- HaqaT~K~ n~HmO 3ayTpbHOlV[y TBOp- Haxy H TaKo naK~ ~//aaxy pyq~-HOe CBOe ~1Oo ~yI'OHI~H xe B~ ol-pa~ KonaxyTI~ 3eM;IHHaal'o pa~l{ paCTeHH~I~ ~OH~e-

" C ~ o e o o 3 u x o ~ e u d ~ u ~ o O u m ~ " 19

~ e ~y.u.~ne FO~I~ 6 0 ~ C T B ~ cJIaBocJ1OB~fl0, H T~'~O B b ~ B ~ y l I ~ ~ l e . l I ' t ~ e c f l B~ l~bpK'bBb, II~HH~ "4aCOMI~ T B O p R ~ ' ~ ' - t T a ' ~ e C B g T ~ 0 C J l ~ y C'bBepb~B't~KIIew H Tal~O B~KFCHB'J~Ie l ~ U O X J I t ~ a H I I ~ ~ ' 1 ~ c B o e M b I ~ O l~MJ~IeTbo H TaKO '~O B ~ .a~HH T p y ~ . m ~ e c n e n p e ~ m a . x y T ~ B~ 3U0~I~BH I~O~[H° 0 T b U b x e H ~ r - ~ e o n o c m ~ c ~ M t p e m ~ c ~ c ~ H n o c n y - nmHHe_,~ B ,~cs n p e c n ~ B a a ~ e t T p y ~ H nO,U, B H 3 a H H e ~ H ~ T e n e c b ~ m ~ , 5~m~e 5 0 H T t ~ ' r ~ 0na~- , , H x p t n ~ x ~ H c 'b I I O C I I ~ b C T B ' b M ~ BC~MI~ C J I ~ l l e e H B O ~ HOC~ H .I~'bB~. H3 n t . c a Ha CBOe~0 n . u e n ~ , 5~.u.~ ~ e n o B c s e o ~ B'b C.UaBO-- O.JIOB~IeHHH BOXI4H. H OpaTHH ~re Ha O n O ~ T ~ l ~ C ~ e e O ~ . a ~ e -

x e B ~ 3 b l ~ p a 3 ~ n e H o e ~HTO H K o r ~ o ~ a C T b H~Mbm~

MHO~'F H KoMapoM'b , B~ I I O ~ H ~ n ~ 3 ~ H a ~ ' , n e ~ e p y H , o S ~ a - XHB'b "~.710 CBOe .~O r I o ~ c a , cF,~J~Jle~ r l p J ~ : ~ ~I~'IHF Ha ~o l l~ I~TeHHe K O ~ I ~ I v ~ H I I C ~ l T h l p b X8 ~aBM~tOBy n o l o 53 0 T ~ MHOX~bCTBa X~ O B ~ H K o M a p a BC~ T ~ I O 81"O n o K p ~ B e H o

0T~,U'- ~ e H a ~ b n p e O ~ a m e , e n o ~ m m m , . He B ~ C T a S OT ~ c ~ a T o r ~ , ~ o m l e ~ e r o ~ ' b ~ y ~ n n e y T p , - H m ~ , H T a K o n p e x e Bct.x~ O S p ~ T ~ l e c ~ B~ U.bpKBHo H C T a B ~ Ha C B O ~ M~CT~ H e r l o - c T y n ~ H ~ C ~ , HH ~ C ~ y m ~ m ~ , 5 0 ~ C T B ~ H o e c ~ a B o c n o B ~ e C ~ B p M ~ e , TH T a K o r l a l ~ H -- l l p b K B e r l o c J i ~ e B c % x ~ H ~ - J l ~ a ~ l l e . H CeI~O p a t h B]bCH JII00JI~XFTH H ~ I O H ~KO OT~. I~ I~J~XFTH H, 3 ~ n O ~ B ~ m ~ e o ~ C~M~peHHI0 ~ r O H IIOKOpeHHIOSo- HnH e~e~ "Ha ~no xe npe~e =bc~x~ ~cxo~, H Bb nbpK~ x e n p e x e B b C t X ~ 0 5 p ~ T ~ C ~ , H r l o c . u ~ E e B~c*ax'~ H3~la3~o . M ~ H O ~ ~e naK~ Be~HKFFMy HHKOHF C ~ 0 H JIE.r~aI0~ KHHrt~, 5~ H 5 . i l a x e H y y l ~ B ~ c K p a H TOI"O C~,I~:~I0 H IIp~.~yI~0 HHTH e~e Ha noTpeSy TaKoByFMu ~ny. TaxoBo TH. 5~ TO~O M~Ka C~MEpeHHe H npOC~OCT~ . o o#o 0~HCaHH~ HeMy~H~X 3aHRTHR, MO~HTBeHHMX Tpy~OB, ~X~HC~eCTBHR MOHaCTh~C-- MHX 0F~HeR, OTHO~eHHR~ CBR3~LI~aBIm~X ~eO,D.OCHE c AHTOHH- eM, HHKOHOM~ H~apHoHoM~ C npOCTOR 5paTHeR~ nO~HHH~e C~oBa ~eO~OCHE H Tono oSpa3~0T CBOePO po~a Fioretti n e q e p c K o r o H~yMeHa, naM~THHK ~ , p e B H e p y c c K o F o 5naro~ec- THR XI B, 55

~Ta KaK 5bl Heo~H~HanbHa~ CTOpOHa ~FXOBHOR ~H3HH pe- ~be~HO OTTeHReT XH3Hb uepKBH H ~epKOBH~0 nO/~THKy# TeC-- HO nepen~eTaB~ocE c FOCF~apCTBeHH~U~H HHTepecaM~o HO TeMa 5 n a r o ~ a T H HB~eTcE oOmeR, npHC~TCTByH H 3~ecb H TaM, H B C3B H B "~HTHH ~eo~ocHE #. Cpo B ~OC- ~le~HeM.* "H OT~TO~I~ B O ~ H e ~ 5 ~I a ~ o ~ a T I! 10 B~3~aOTe M~CTO TO H 0~CT~ MaHaCT~pb c~aB~H~ Ce ~e H ~OH~H~ eOT~ ~eqepbcK~ HapHq~b~ M3Ke OT CBETa~O OT~a Ha~ePo ~eO- ~OCHE C~CTaB~eH~ 0~CTb".~'-- "o o o Taqe Ha DOC~b~ O e~H-- HOM~ 0~a~eH~M~ OTbLU~ ~eo~ocHH C~OBeCH ~pH~Y H e~e O HeMb ~OCTORHa CBO~ eMy Hc~paBneHHH# BO~H~ 0 ~ ~O-

a T H~ HCnOB~a~ CB~TH~a npocB~eHaaPo OTb~a Ha~e~o • eo~ocH~"; -- "T~r~a Oo CHR Be~IHKHR ~eO~OCHR OOp~T~ M~C--

2 0 B.H.Tonopoe

TO ~Z~CTO, He.u .aneqe OT neqelm:~ cy~e, H pa3yM~BS, ~KO ~O-- 23~-/~HO e ty l ' 5 Ha B~paX~HHeM~HaCT~p~ H pa36oFaT~5 5~a~o~aTH~ BoxHe~ H or~a~HB~C~ B~pO~ yI~oBaHH-- eM~ HCII"bJIHHB5 ~ e c.q , ~ ' X a CB~TaI'O HaqaTb ~O~BH3aTHC~ B~Ce..UHTH MECTO TO"; -- =Enax~H~Rxe P~a~ua m~ cm~e: ... ~aR ~e Ba~n~ 5~a~o~a~b, e~Ke paSoTaTH TOMY 5eC llpHI:)OKa, H tSMTHBaM5 B~ ~"~.~HOMI~ T~1I~ H e . ~ . ~ M ~ ~ B~ c - , ~ p e m m c,/m,e_.M'~ H B~ nOCJIFmaHHH u (B oOpa~eHHH ~eO- ~ocm~ K 5paTHH nepe~ ero cMepTb~}o HHaqe r , o B o p E , 5~al'o- ~aTb conpoBo~j~aeT~eo~ocH~ = TOI'O~LK, Ko~a OH B1~SpaJ1 MecTO~/L~ 5 F , ~ ' ~ e r O M O H a C T ~ p E , ~o el-o C~4epTHO~O qacao H B c2oe~anocJle~iHeM CJIOBe Ceo~ocHR cam npH3~BaeT f~al'o- ~aTb Ha OCTal0~y~C~ B CHpOTCTBe 5paTH~ (no~oSHee o CBo ~ e o ~ o c H H CMo HHEe) o

E C . n M p a c C ~ O T p e H H ~ e ~O CHX nOp.U, p e B H e K H e B c K H e pea. ' IHH 1,~.e.3I~ ~e.7II~0IIpORCHHTb TOT HCTOpHqeCKKRe T o n o I ' p a ~ R F 4 e c - KHRe Ky~b ' l ' ypHI :~ KOHTeKCTw B KOTOpOM DO3HHK.r~o C 3 B , H HO- CH3IH e CT~X:~E'O ~OBOp~a B H 8 m H H ~ nO OTHO~tIeHHIOK caMoMy T e K C T y x a p a K T e p ~ TO Ha ~TIIoKaRIt~X CTpaHH~aX MOXHO 0 0 0 3 - - HaqHTb H O B ~ ~ p y r p e a , m R , OO~SCHm0~HX OCHOBHy~0 H ~ e ~ n e p B o ~ ~ a c T H C 3 5 H , c . u e ~ o B a T e n b ~ o , O O H a p F ' ~ B a H ~ x B H F T p e H H ~ CB~Bb C TeKCTOM naMHTHHKa. P e ~ b H ~ e T O n o ~ , ~ K e c H y ~ e R c T B O M • OCHOBHOR nFHKT KOTOpOR ,llJI~ a B T O p ~ C3~ ~aK.lrD0~aJIc~ B ~ o K a 3 a T e . l r l b c T B 8 r~eBOC.XO~CTB~ XpHCTXaHcTBa , E B a H r e n H H , 5 ~ a x ' o ~ a T H n e p e . u saKOHOM. C KOH~a XIX -- Ha~a~la XX Bo yTBep~aeTCHMHeHHe O TOM, ~TO ~pe~oJla~Re/4a~ ~c01eMHKa MHHMa~ ~OCKO~bKy OHa He OT- pa~aeT CoBpeMeHH~X aBTopy C B 5 0 T H O ~ e H H R K Hy~eRCTBy, He HMeeT nO~ COOOR HHKaKoR peaJlbHOR'nOqB~ H, cJ1e~0Ba- T~I~HOe npe~cTaB~HeT co0oR He 0o~ee qeMJIHTepaTypHO-- pHTOpHqeCKHR npHeMpa3BepTbmaHH~ HeKOeR ~eH~ ~e~ (~J1a~o~aTb) qepe3 IrpOTHBO~OCTaB~eHHe, KOHTpacT. ~6 HHOP- ~a npHBo~n~Cb H 5onee cne~HaJlbH~le MOTHBM# B CH.Irly KOTO-- p~ ~O~eMHKa oKa3~Ba;la~b HeBo3MO~HOR= "o.o ~pH RpocJlaBe COCTO~HHe eBpeeB B K~ese H BOOS~e B ~KHOR POCCHH 5~UlO TaKOBO# qTO OHH HaXO~H4"IH~ B ~OCTOEHHOM cTpaxe 5MTb ~pH ~epBOMy~OOHOM H Hey~OOHOM cnyqae orpaOneHH~M~ H H S - PHaHH~H H~ CTpaH~ KaKOBOe o~aCeHHe H onpaB~a~ocb no3- ~Hee ~pH B~a~HMHp~ MOHOMaxe ooo M~CJIHMOJIH ~O~TOMF~ qTO0~ ~ ~OXy MHTpO~OJIHTa HJlapHOHa KHeBCKHe eBpeH oo. penntnH 3aTeBh.~ °w~BSn0 5opbSy ° c xpHcTHaHCTDOM H TeM nOSy~Tb BMc~0eFo npe~-~.R~Tan~ ~epKOBHOR HepapxHH K CTpaCTHOR DOJIeMHKe C HHMH~'~u~.~aI~ 1916:~~5). ~Ta ap~F- MeHT~E He MOXeT 5MTb npH3HaHa Be~.-~J~.~vxe nOTOMy (no MeHb~eR Mepe|), ~TO npe~jlo~a~aeT OSO~HOC~T~01eMHKH, KOTOpaR, O~HaMO, 2nOJIHe Mo~a 5MTb H O~HOCTOp0~.BO BC~KOM CA~e "COCTOEHHe eBpeeB B KHese" s 40-e rP. XI

"C,.aoeo o 3a~co~e u d~a~oOa~" 21

B° w K a ~ 0hl OHO HH ~X~UIO B ~ e ~ t C T B H T e J I b H O ~ H ( a B HanleM p a c r l o p n x e E u ~ H I-leT l:)eIEdTeJI~HO H H K a X H X ~ o K a 3 a T e m ~ C T ~ THxe~IoI 'O I ~ nOJIO.,~K~HHR[ B ~TO B p ~ BOO~I~8 H I'OHeNRt~ 3 a B e p y , B ~Za~THOCTH)• He M o x e T (5/n~b O0"b~CHeHH~4 H Te.M 5 o . n e e CSH.UeTe.nbCTBOM o T c y T c ' r - m ~ n o n e m ~ K ~ n p O T H S H y ~ e R - CKOR Bel:ml. HaKOHO~e He-r~3R# KOHeHHOe HCK/~0q/~Tb HH OSHO-- CTOpOHHeR nO~HKH# He COripOBOX~aBmeRcE r~H HTOM ~KC-- I ~ e c c ~ H B I lpaKTHHeCXOM II3laHe# HH S B ] , ' c T o p o H H e R I I O J Z ~ K H e orpaHHHHBaBIne..RC.~ H ~ D 0 q H T ~ H O T e O p e T H H e C K O R ( S o r M a T H - - HeCKOR H BepOHCriOBeSHOR) C~epOR. Pa3Be riO~Ka KOH-- CTaHTHHa ~DIOCO~a C HySeH~H, no~poSHO O~CaHH~ B er~ "XHTHH u IX-XI (CMo ~aHpoB 1930~ CKa3aHH~ 1981 H ~P.), He riOSTHep~aeT npaKTHKF TaKHx riO~O~HHecKHx ~Ha~oI'OB n~H yHaXHT~..TI~HOM H s a x e SOOpOIe~IaTe.YI~HOM OTHO~eHHi~ ~yl" K ~ y BcTyn~0~HX B npeHHR CTOpOH~ Pa~yMeoTcH• C~eCTBOB~/~H H 00~ XeCT~He ~O1~ ~OJ~KH• O KOT~p~x~ HanpHMep, DaccKa3~aeTC~ ~ "XHTHH ~eosocHE" (Cpo~ "Ce Oo H cH~ oO~aR HM~e 5~axeH~R• AKOXe MHo~a~5~ B~ HO- lM B~CTaE H oTaR BbC~'b Hcxoxaa~e K~ X H $O M~, H T~-X~ e~e o XpacTt np~l~HpaH# KOpR xe H socaxa~ T~m, H KKO OTMeT~-HH~ H 0e3aKOHLHHK~ T~X~ HapH~a~• X ' b S a ~ e 00 e x e o XpHCTOB'~ H C I ' I O B ~ , H H H y0HeH ' b 0 H r r H " ) • HO c a M o ~ Ba~K-- H o e B HTOM COO0~eHHH B ~Sr rOM-" r ioneMHKa r io BOIlpOCaM BepM HMe.rlO M~CTO Sa~K~ T O I ' S a • KOI"Sa ~TO 0/~/IO c o r r p H x e H o c onaCHOCT~-I0 ~ XH~HHo 57 B CH//y cKa~aHHOI"O H HCXO,U~ H3 HeKOTOphlX COO0pa~eHHR Oo~ee ~OHKpeTHOPO xapaKTepa• CBR3aHH~X C T~MOR eBpeeB H HyseRcKoR ~ep~ B ~peBH~M K H e B e (O H~ CM. BKpaT~e HeCKOnLKO saree)• 5~MeCTHO BHOB~ o0paTHT~- BHHM~HH~ Ha ripoTHBOnO~OEHS~0 ~aHOBy• Bapa~y H ~p. ~OpMyF~HpOHKU BOF~OCa• C~O~HB~OCR Ha He-- CKOJIv-KO seCRT~eTHR panee. B carom o0=eM H OCTOpO~HOM BH~e HTa TOHKa SpeHriR• BOCXO~aR K C.U.mea~eBy (1860), O~&~a B~pa~Ha ~ n ~ oOpa~oMt "paoo~eHHe H~apHoHa O npeBOCXO~CTBe EBariPe~HR riepe~ 3aKOHOM MOrrO O~TL .~- 3BaHO C O B p e . M e H ~ OTHOIIIeHHRLMH DFCCKOR I l epKBH ~ H y s e R - CTBy m (HOp~HpLeB 1891-367). ~HR~HT~HO KOHKp~THee TO ~e 0~o B~pa~eHO riecKo~-Ko nosz~: "qHQTO OTB~eqeHHh~H So~MaTHHecKriMH HHTe~ec~! HHKaK H~b3~ O0~RCriHT ~- riO~e-- MHKH npOTHB HySeRCTHa# npOHriK~J0~eR 'C~OBO ~ OT riaHa~a $o MOH~a. ~O~eMHKa 3~e~- TaK cB~a H ~HBa• KaK OHa ri~CTaB~H~TCR B ~OC~aHH~ ariO~TO~bCKriX# nHCaHH~X B riO- p y ~HBOR 0OpbOM XpriCTriaHCTBa O ~HCT~M riyseRCTBOM H/~ C r iyseRcTByI0~,HM H.rleMeHTOM B Cp~1~e CaMHX XpHCTriaH H~ 0MB-- D/HX r i y s e e B o BHSHO• HTO B b~:~IC,rlH H/ /apHOHa 0bl//O He K~.KOe-- Jqri00 s a ~ e K o e • SaBHO r i p O l l l e ~ / ~ HYSeRCTBO• a Hy,U~RCTHO O~3Koe, c~ecTBoHaB-.ee Ha ~rO r~a~ax H ~HBOR COB~eM~H- HOCTH• riF~eRCTBO• CTpeMHB~ecR• rlpHTOMt ocnapHBaT~ y XpHCTHaHCTBa e~O nprio0DeTeHri~ B cpene, O;msKoR ~u~ H~a- priOHa" (Ma;--"-eBCKHR 1878~63-64) °

~a~ee B CyMMapriOM BHSe 0y~T npescTaBneH~ HeKOTOpHe

22 ~.H. Tonopo~

COCOpa.weHH~, KOTOp~e B c B o e ~ COBOKynHOCTH M O r ~ 0 ~ p a c - - CMaTI~HBaTbC~ KaK H 3 B e C T H ~ 8 p ~ e H T B n o ~ b s y n O C J I ~ - HeR TOqKH 3 p e H H ~ O p e a / / b H O R n o ~ K ~ I a ~ K e H F ~ e R c K o R TeMhl B C 3 ~ . ~TH COO0pa~KeHHH o S n a ~ a l O T O~HHM B a X H t ~ M~TO~O~OrH-- qeCKHM npeHMymeCTBOM~ OHH 0bl//H B~CKa3aHbl H e 3 a B H C H I ~ I o0pa~OMw BHe BC~KO~ CB~3H C noJIeMl~KOn B o K p y r Hy~eI~CTBa B K H e B e B X -- X I BBo H B o K p y r aH~TIOrHqHO~ TeMbl B C ~ . ~ p ~ K ~ e # O~HaKOa HeCKOn~KO C/lOB O n a p a ~ o x c ~ T / b H O M a p ~ - M~HT~ B n o ~ b ~ p~a / /~HOCTH CBH~H C ~ C H ~ C ~ O ~ p~TIH--

HHK~ TOqKH ~ p e ~ , n p ~ H m o ~ e R p ~ a / / b H O C T ~ C B ~ 3 e R C H~-- ~RCTBOM B KH~B~B XI R.~ P.MoBapa~ao 0CTaB//H~ B CTOpO-- He COO0paxeHHE ~O~O 5,~eHor~, ~HcKpe~HTHpy/G~He H~apHO- Ha KaK npe~o~a~aeMo~o lO-iH ~a~enpocTo BO3MOEHO~O aBTO- pa C3B, 5?MeCTHO OCTaHOBHTbC~ Ha HO~qepKHBa~OR BapalloM ~pHMoR H/IH KOCBeHHOR CB~3H ~aM~THHKa C Hy~aHCTH~eCKOR Tpa~H~HeRo HO e~O MHeHH~, 3aK//~0qHTe.~I~HaH ~aCT~ C3B, COCTaB~H~IaS MO//HTBy OT nH~a HOBO~pOCBe~HHOR PyCCKOR 3eM~H~ oTpa~aeT "HpKHe qepTl~ CHHaPO~a~I~IX//HT~paTyp-- H~IX ~pOH3Be~eHHR"o Eme noKa3aTenSHee B ~TOM OTHO~eHHH yTBep~eHHe O TOM, qTO C3B npe~CTaB~L~eT COOOR He ~TO HHOe~ KaK H3B~eq~HII~ H3 "KHHPH Hp~HHR"~ COCTaB~eHHOR KOHCTaHTHHOM--~H~OCO~OM B CB~3H C ePO xa3apcKoRMHCCH- eR, se nepeBe~eHHoR ero OpaToM Meeo~eM Ha C~aB~HCKHR H3~K H no3~e yTpa~eHHOR. 0~Ha H3 P~aB ~TOR KHH~H, no Bapa~y, BOCnpoH3Be~eHa B nepBoR qaCTH C3Bo B ~o~b3y ~TO~O npe~o~oEeHH~ npHBO~HTCH ~e.~IR pH~ ap~MeHTOBo TaK, 3aqHH C3B "B~a~oc~oBeH5 ~-E~-~ ~/~n--'~B~o 0~ xpHc~Ia- HecK~" (168a), OTC~J~aI0~HR ~ ~yKa I:68 (c aCCO~HalIHS.MH C ~canT~41:14~ 72:18~ III:9; Py~b I:6), e~a ~ 5vMecT-- eH B CO~HHeHHH, Ha~paB~eHHOM npOTHB Hy~eRcKoR Bel~l H paSBHB~U0~eM TeM¥ OTBep~eHHH eBpeeB (~o ~apa~ly, O0~HC-- HeHHe B TOM~ ~TO qaCTb C3B BXO~H~a B "KHH~y ~peHHR"~ P~e, HMeHHO B ~TOM MeCTe, KOHCTaHTHH--~H~OCO~ O0~e~HHIOI oOpa~eHHe KaPaHa K BoPy HSpaH~eBy H CBOe K BOPy XpHCT-- HaHCKOMY) o ~pa3a, He pa~ O~B~a~ npe~IMeToM paccMoTpeHH~ "HH K~ HeB~HM~ 00 n~e~. H5 ~p~H3~HXa HaC~T~eM-- Ca C~R~OCTH KHH~KH~a .oo" (1690), CTaHOBHTC~ nOHHTHOR npH ~pe~no~oEeHHH~ qTO OH@ ~t~eeT B BH~y MaPaHa, HCKy-- ~ e H H O r O B eBpeRCKHX KHHraXo B O~HOM H3 CnHCKOB C3B (XV-XVI BBo) eCT50COO~R, TO~bKO ~TOMy CnHC~y CBORCT- BeHHr~IR CBO~ BeTxo3aBeTHhlX npopoqeCTB o00TBepEeHHH eB-- peeB H npH3BaHHH CTpaH, KOTOpMR OOHapy~HBaeTcH H B ~pO-- nOBe~H KOHCTaHTHHao ~ePeH~a o pO~IIeHHH XpHcTa CBH~e-- Te~bCTByeT He O ~H~HOM KOHTaKTe aBTOpa C~B C eBpeHMH~ HO O BepCHH~ OTMe~eHHOR yEe y Ke~ca H H3BeCTHOR KOH- CTaHTHHy--~H~OCO~y. CpaPMeHT~

6~ e~e ~OMHHaTH Bb nHca~iH ~IM~, H npp~c~aa npono-

" C ~ o e o o 3 ~ x o . e = 6 ~ ¢ o O a m u " 23

G G B~Aa~ia I o x~. H ann~cKaa oyqeH~a m 5~nnlH~b B~.

To HsnHxa ecTb, J H Ha T~ec~aB~e c~KnaH~Ca. J Exe

50 BH He HHHra ~ nHCaHO. H J BaMH BEnOMO ... (1695)

5onee y~OBJIeTBOpHTe~IbHO MOXeT" 5~Tb HCTO~HOBaH npH npen- nO~OXeHHHe qTO OH a~IpeCOBaH 50~OC~OBCKH ~py~HpOBaHHOMy HaFaHy H "CBe~UlHM" HOBOHpe~IeHHIE~Hy~eo--xa3ap~Ma H py-- C a M , ~MeHHO~//~ HHX ~O~ITeJIbHOR 5hlT/a 5~ TeMa O IlpeBoc- XO~CTBe XpHCTHaHCTBa H a ~ H y ~ a H 3 M O M ; n p O p O q ~ C H H Q X e "nponoBe~aHHRSt HaH H al~OCTO~SCHOe yqeHHe O 5y~ymeM BeKe HMyXe 0bl~O 3HaHOMO nO H3~OXeHH/0HX B~ByX~pyFHX COqHHeHH~X TO~O Xe aBTOpao HaHOHeU, aBTOpCTBO KOHCTaH-- THHa--~HnOCO~a B OTHO~eHHH C3S, nO Bapa~y, MOrrO 0hl0~Tb noKa3aHO npH aHaJ~H3e CTH//HCTHHH ~TO~O TeHCTa C e ~ o "npHTOqHO-a/DIe~opHqeCHOR ~OpMOR". Pacc~EHIOIMH O BTO- pOR qaCTH C3B ("~OXBa~a KH. B~a~Hp~ # ) KaK KOMIIH~L~HH H3 npe..n,.,~ymeR nOXB~CB'.~OpHC~--MHXaH~y H "~HTH~ CBo HeMaHH--CHMeOHa" ~OMeHTHaHa (XIII B.I) B CBRSH C paccMa- TpHBa~MOR ceRqac TeMOR IMOXHO npeHeSpeqb° ss Ho OCHOBH~M HO3~peM CBOeR TeOpHH Bapall CqHTaeT TpeTb~ qaCTb C3B -- "MO~HTBy"~ XOTOpaR~ ~O MH~HH~ y~eHO~O# MeXaHHqeCIG~ CO-- e~HHeHa c npe~ecTaSn0~HMH eR qaCTRMH, Bo-nepB~X,H, ~a~Hoe~ CocTaB~eHa ~O oSpa3~y eBpeRcHORF~ITFpFHH# BO--. BTOp~IX. CC~DIaHC~ Ha paSOT~, ~OKa3~Bal0~He# ~TO X~HCTHaH-- c K o e 00FOC/ /yEeHHe Br:~Da0OT~YlOCb ~O o 0 p a 3 ~ y CHHa~O~a3ISHO-- t o , HOTOpOe ~ a n o eMy H ~ o p M y H C y ~ e C T B e H H y / 0 , q R C T ~ CO-

60 ~apal~noc.ue~IoBa- ~ep~aHHR (CM. HHHHTHH 1891 H~.), T~IbHO, ~pa3a sa ~pa3oR, conocTaBnReT "MOnHTBM" c ~pa- 3eonorHeR eBpeRCHHX ~HTMpFHqeCHHX CTaTeR~ CBRSaHHblX C T.H63. "I~OSH~U~H ~.~U~" (~Om~ ,0~aCm), cp. CnHCKH na- pa/Dl~eR Me~ly ~pa3aMH "MO~HTB~" H COOTBeTCTB¥~H MeCT~! CTaTeR eBpeRcHO~O RGZ30~G (HpyP MO~HTBHa BCe Ilpa3~HHKH), CM° Bapa~ 1916=40-57° HeCOMHe~IHO, qTO 3TO COnOCTaB~eHHe npOH3BO~HT F~FOoKoe BneqaT~eHHe H HS~K~a- eTCRB ~LTISHe~I/IeR HHTep~peTalIHHo K COEaJIeHHI0t ~OC.21e HC-- C~e~OBRHHR r.M.Eapa~a, HaxeTCRt HHHTO He 0paJICH HH 3a npoBepHy eFo pe3y~bTaTOB, HH sa Hx O~eHHyo ~TO TeM00~- ee ~eq~bHOt qTO HMeHHO ~Ta qaCTb paOOTM BMF~IHT OCO- 0eHHO y0e~HTe~IhHOR. ~OC.rl~He~ C~OBO no HOBO~y ~TORTe--

OcTaeTcR 3a CaMHM HCC~e~O~Te~eM= "HTaK~ HHqTO He o~poBepPaeT ~O~OXeHHR~ qTO SaHHMa~0~aH HaC eMOF~TBR e ~O- RBl~laCb Ha eBpeRcKoR nOqB~ B xa3apCHHX B~a~eHHHX H ~pH-- C~OCO0~HR 01~IYI~ ~OCpe~CTBOM CaMOR He3HaqHTeJIbHOR MO~J~- ~HHaI~HH T e K C T a cnepBa ~n~ xa3ap, O0paTHBIIIHXCE H3 H 3 ~ - qeCTBa B Hy~eRCTBO# a BnOC~e~CTBHH --~R HOBOHpe~IeHH~X xa3ap H p¥COB" (Bapa~ 1916=50).6 ~

~pH ~OnS~IeHHH ~OIBhlX HOHTaKTOB C Hy~eRCTBOM B K~eBe X- XI BB. npe~eBce~o BO3HHKaeT BOnpOC OOHCTOqHHKax HF~eRcHo~o 3neMeHTa B ~TOM MecTe H B ~TO Bpe~. B Ha-

24 B.H. Tonopoe

CTOsmee Bpe~ He ~pHxO~dTCE CoMHeBaT~CE B e~o x a 3 a p- C ~ O M npOH~cu~eHH~o Hpo~pecc ~ H3~eHHH xa3ap H Hx ~ocy~apcT~a noMoraeT OCBeTHTb H 3TOT Bonpoc -- TeM 50- n e e t ~TO OH y x . u a . m ~ a e T c ~ B p a ~ u ~ 5 o . u e e o S ~ e ~ T e . t ~ o x a - 3 a p c K o - p y c c K H X O T H O t n e H I 4 g X e B K o m I e I - t o ~- ,~cn~e.ueTHs H ~ a x e x e c ~ o n ~ x o n o s x e . Y x e H a p x o M e u x o ( 1 9 2 4 : 3 9 - 4 1 ) B ~ - c K a 3 a n Te3HC O TOM, ~TO mI 'O-BOCTO~H~e c.uaBgHe (~O3MOX- HOw H HeKOTOpbIQ . ~ y ~ H e CBH3aHH~e O HHMH IL,'Ie.~l~Ha) B B ~ HaTHCKa Ko~eBHHKOB ~OFEKHM ~hL-TIH HCKaT~ OnO.l:~ B X a 3 a p c - KOM K a r a H a T e e KOTOpb~ B ~ / - ~ I I B . ~OOTHr C B O e l " O n O J I H T / ~ / ~ - CKOrO H 3KOHOMH~eCKOrO p a c l I B e T a . "~eTOnHCHOe CBI~eTe..,,'Ib-- ~ ' B O O MHpHOM x a p a K T e p e nO,I~HHeHI, L~ II~eMeHH ~C' - -BOCTO~-- HO~ BeTBH BOCTO~HOFO C/IaB~HGTBa X a ~ a p ~ 4 ~ O ~ O C ~ a p C T - B~HHOM o 0 ~ e , t ~ H e H H H I L ' ~ ! 3THX rLueMeH H ~ M C T ~ H e T ~OHJ:ITHEaIMe e c n H ~ B o n o m ~ , u T o x a 3 a p ~ B a T y a n o = w a ~ r , ~ 3 , . BOC- TO~HOR EBpOIIM H ~ p ~ I H pOTI~ nO~pe~HHKOB B T O p I ' O B ~ H B KFnbTFpHblX CHOI~.~eHI4~X e e c n p o ~ B e T a B l ~ . ~ h ' ~ T o r ~ a a p a ~ c K m ~ BOCTOKOM ( E a ~ a n c K m ~ x a ~ ¢ a ~ o ~ A ~ a c c ~ . n o a ) H o n n o T o ~ OT HaTHCKa Ha~HpaBI~IX C BOCTOKa KO~eBHH~OB ( ~ p O B ~ y3Oa# ~e~eHel~B). HpH Ha~MOH~bHOR H p~HO3HO~ T~p~HMOCTH xa3apcxoR B~aCTH# ~PO--BOCTOqH~L~ PyC~ nerKo nepeHoc~ua CBO~ CBR3~ C Xa3apHeR~ ~epT~H3HeHHO~O yM~a~a H B3aH- MOOTHO~eHHR KaKoBoR ~O~O3IH~T# nO CpaBHeHHI0 O KpaTKHM ~eTO~HCH~4 y~OMHHaHHeM# BOOTOqH~e ~HOaTe~IH~ 6~ ~OBOp~ O ~pH3HaHHH C3laBRHO-pyCaMH aBTOpHTeTa xa3apcKHx tyler H o c3Ty~0~ HX B BORCK~ H npH nBope xa3apcKoro xavaea, ~pH BO3MO~HOCTH~ O~HaMO~ C~4OCTOHT~31LHMX~ OT~JIhH~XBM- CTyr~IeHHR PyCH" (~apxoMsHKO 1924=39-40}. ECTeCTBeHHO, qTO npHXO~ ~O-BOCTO~HOR BeTBH B KHeB (C,,4. O0 ~TOM B~- ~ e ) CnOCOOCTBOBa~I yCH~IeHH~ Xa3apoKO~O 3~eMeHTa B ~TOM ~opo~e. BnO~He BO3MO~HO# ~TO O~HOR ~ rlpHqHH T~rH M KHeBy 5~mO y ~ e n p e ~ n o n a r a e M o e MHOrHM~ HcTOpHKa~u~ Ha.nH- ~He xa~ap B KHeBe , ~oTop~e, CoP~acHo O~HOR H3 Ha~H~X BepCHR, OCHOB~IH ~O~O~ B VIII H~IH IX BB. (nO ~.BepHa~C- KoMy, OKOnO 840 P.), CM. Je~ioh EnoyoZopaedia 1904:487; Vernadsky 1943=3321Golb, Pritsak 1982:20,43 H ~ s~ B HaCTOR~ee BpeM~, OCOOeHHO ~OC~e OTKp~THE eBDeRcKo-xa3- apCKHX ~OMS~MeHTOB, ~pex~e Bce~o -- CeHcaI~HOHHO~O "~HeB- CKO~O nHCbMa" (O H~M CM. HHEe)~ H p~Jla HccnenoaaHHR BhI~HCOBMB~eTC~ TaKaE CHTFa~H~ B K~eBe IX - X BB. (BO BCEKOM ~nyqae B nepBoR nO~OBMHe X BeMa)# KOTOpaE xapaK- TepH3yeTcs Ham~qHeM B ropo~e xa3apcKoR a~MHHHCTpa~HH H xa3apcKO~O PapHH3OHa (C CH~IbHOR BOCTO~HOHpaHcKOR ~THO-- ~HHPBHCTH~eCKOR ~pOC31ORKOR -- xope3MHRU~)~ xa3apcKo~o ES~KOBO~O ~MeHTa~ ~$ C O~HOR CTOpOHM~ H eBpeRcKO~O Ha- ce~eHH~ (cp. Ettlnger 1966:320 H ~p.), ~O~3oBa~uerocE eBpeRcKHM ~3MKOM, C ~J~yroR CTO~OHM, ~TO B~TeKaeT H3 HMe~HXCE ceRqa¢ B pacnop~eHHH Hccne~oBaTe4qeR MaTepHa- ~oa. HOCKOn~KF ~e oSpa~@HHe xa3ap B Hy~eRcKy~ aepy npo- H3onmo a VIII -IX BB. (O~HL~Ha~HO Hy~aH3M 5~UI~pHHET a

"C~o6o o 3axons ~ d~aeoOumu n 25

pesy~TaTe pe~opM Ka~aHa -- 05a~HH, 799-809 r r ' . ) , eJIBa ~pHXO~HTCR CoMHeBaTscR a H ~ M B ~TO B~aM~ B KHeBe

Hy~aHCTH~eCKoI"o 9JleMeHTa. 6~ HeCoMHeHHOt OH y - ,u, e p a m B a n c E H nosxe, Kor~la ero HOCKT~ CTanH HCKr~-- TeJI~HO HJ~H l;peHMymecTBeHHO eBpeRcKHe XHTenH KHesa. Bo- osts npH Bcex nepeMeaax B E~eBe XOH~a I T~c~neT~K He-- KHe Kap~Ha~bHue CTpyKTyp~ MOr~ y~IepIKHBaTscR ~OBOSI~HO ~O/ l rO H yCTORqHBO$ H H O ~ a OHH l~aK ~i~ MeHH//~ CBOR / / o K y c , CTaHOBHCb XapaKTepHCTHI~OR ~ O~HO~ H3 T O ~ ~ H H ~ o HMeHHO nO~TOMy B p a H H ~ HCTOplOI I~He~a HSBeCTHOe m o t t o Audla%ur e¢ aZ~¢ra pa~s npHoOpeTaeT ocoOoe sHa~eHHe. 67 B ~TOM OTHOmeHHH OTKI~MTHe "KHeBCI~OI'O IIHC~Ma" ~OSDKHO OIIeHHB'3TbCR XaK C O C T a B ~ E g ~ e e 3rIOXy COOMTHe B H ~ s r ~ e H I ~ p a H H e ~ H e ] s c K o R HCTOpHH.

B 1962 r. cpeJ~ ~parMeHToB TeKcToB H3 KaHpCKOR I~HH-- 3M, XpaHR~HXCR B 0H0m4OTeKe KeM0pH~KCKOrO yHHBepcHTeTa, 0blR OOH~p~KeH, a ~e~ 20 JleT OF~0/~KOBaH (GOlb, Prlt- sak 1982) sa~He~R ~OKyMeHT, CBRS~Ba~HR BOe~J4HO, nO MeHb~eR Mepe, TpH TeJ4~ -- KHeB~ eBpeH, xasap~. Peqb ~leT O ~HChMe~ Ha~HCaHHOM Ha ~HCTOM paBBHHHCTHqeCKOM eBpeR- CKOM Hs~Ke B KHese, He nos~e 930 r. (T°e° ~IO npej1~o~a- ~aSMOPO 3axBaTa KHeBa HPopeM), B KOTO~)OM IIp~CTaBHTP.~H eapeRcKo-xHeBcKo~o Karana oOpa~a~TcE x ~yrHM eBpeRc- KHM OO~HaM (Cp. cTpoKy 6: qehill~ qed~shS~ hapez~rLm "holy communities scattered", aM. hapez~r~t, fem.) c npoch0oR o nOMO~H cBoeMy corDIeMeHHHKy H e~HHOBeplty, B~-- KyTD;eHHOMy )13 nnet:a (nHc~MO CO~Ilep~HT 30 CTpOK H l l e / / l ~ pR~ HMeH KaK eBpeRcKoro, TaX H xasapcKoro npoHcxo~e- HHR~ HHTepecHo, qTO B nOCJleJIHeR CTpOKe Haxo~HTCE CJ;OBO, HalIHCaHHOe TI0pKCKICMH pyHaMH H TpaHCJIHTepHpyeJ4oe KaK HWQWRWM). TaKHM O0paSOM "K~escxoe n~cbMo" ¢ne~yeT C~H-- TaTb CaJ~I~M CTaI~M aBTOPpa~HqeC~HM TeKCTOM 0 KHeBe. B ~TOM OTHO~eHHH UeHTpaJIbHOR RB;IReTCR 8-aR CTpOKa: modi ¢~m ~n~ la~_em q~h~l shel q l y y5 b "we community of Kiev, (hereby) inform you" ~e (c TpynH~M CHHTaKCHCOM, nO yKasaH~0 ~yOr~KaTopo~). ~opMa qiyy~ oKas~BaeTcR TeM Ca/~B4 caMoR ~aHHeR nHC~MeHHoR ~HKCaIu4eR ~TOrO Ha- ~BaHHR, 69 Cp. TaKXe ~OpM~ TH~a Kuy~b~, Kto~a, Cuiewa, KOTOp~e no ~)eBHOCTH He npeBocxo~T npHBe~eHH~ eBpeR- cxSn0 ~OpM~ (oco0aR npoOneMa -- ~G~T~, CM. Cons,. Por- phyrogen 1962:32-33, KOMMeHTapHR ~°0OO~eHCKOI~); ApxH- nob 1982; 1984; 1986:108-IlI~ cp° TaKes Tcherlkover 1964).

CoP~aCHO HOBOR ~TICMOJIOrHH, Ha~BaHHe K~eBa npOHCXO~-- HT OT H p a H C ~ O r O no IIpOHCXOX~eH~0 HMeHH K~ya (K~ye), pa~BHa~eroc~ H3 ekaoya (cp. buya, BWYH- H~ aBeCT° boaya, ~p°-HH~. bh~vya), cp° M~a~oaBeCTo kaoya, Adj. oT HaSBaHHR H~BeCTHOR HpaHcKOR napCTBeHHOR ~HHaCTH (~pHuaK. CM. Golb, Prltsak 1982:54~ O~OOqHO -- HRneHKo 1985:40-41) ° Cy~%HKC =~Wa xapaKTepeH HMeHHO ~ BOCTOqHOHpaHCKHX H3H- -

26 B.H. Tonopoe

XOB# H ~ T a e r ' o ~ H a , I ~ e . ~ K H O C T b XOpOblO COI'.YlaCYeTC.q C TeM ~tKTOM• ~TO HMeHHO XOpe3MH~/.U:~ BO3rJIaB.TI/K.tlH X~t38pcKHe BO-- o p y x e H m ~ e cv, . r~ . B 3TO8 CBS3H I IpHUaX n p o a n a . m ~ s ~ o B a n c o - oSmem~e A n ~ M a ~ y , ~ o x a s a p c ~ o M DoncKe x e r o py~oao ,uHTeme• BOSBe~eHHOM B paRLP wazlr '.a, no HMe~ A~du 'bnu KUyah. YqHT~Bax HacJIOJ~OTBeHHMR xapaxTep ~TOR ~IO~KHOCTH• MOXHO ~n4aTbe qTO AxMa~y npe~neoTBoBa~ Ha ~TOM nooTy K~ y a, 3aHHMa~R ~TO MecTo B nOCJle~HHe ~eC~THneTH~ IX B . H B Haqane X Be B KHeBe, BO3MOXHOt B BepeoTOBOM# Ha3~BaeMOM B JIeTonHcH YI 'opcKzua 7° (O pacno~oxeHHH HMeHHO 3~ecb Kpe- n O C ' l ~ nlDOTHB HaSer~)B n o n o B u e B B 5o~ee no3~Hee BpeM.q 0 4 , ~pHcT 1920:264--274; cp. Ta~e MeHh~OB 1914). TaKHM 05- pa~0M,. Ha~aJIbHHK K~eBCKO~O rapHl~3oHa Ha p y S e x e I X - - X B B . HOCKn HM~ K~ya, co~naJ18J0~ee c HNeHeM Jlel-eH~lapHol-o K~R -- KuR pyCCKHX ~eTon~ceR.

~TO OSCTO~T~JI~CTBO He ~OJLIKHO BM3~BaTb OCoSoro y~HB-- JIeHHE KaK pa~ B ~ n~CFTCTBH~ ~ec5 xa~apcxo~o ~ne- MeriTS# OCTaBHBlflel"O n o c e a e H n p s u ~ e c . u e , ~ B TonoHH~mH ~eBHerO X~eBa, cp..paRoH KO3nps Ha Ho~lo~e~ 5~IOMHHa~ B JIeTOnHCH nO~ 945 r . - " . . . . a xe~Hy~o P y c b Bo logna poT~,o B ~p-~BH CT~ Kn~H. ~ze 0CT~ ~a~ py~aeM~, xo~e~Ib Ha- C~Hb~E Gecko. H KoBap~. ce 50 G~ CSOpHa~ UA~RH" (B xa- paKTe~HOM KoHTeKcTe ~lOrOBopa H~OpE c l~peMaMH). HpH~aK# 0 p . c i t . , 5 8 ) n p a ~ n a r a e T O C T p O y M H ~ H, ~ H ~ O , y S e ~ m T a n ~ - H~0 ~ T H M O ~ O ~ 0 H ~ y r ~ P o H a 3 B a H H ~ - " ~ a ~ H ~ a 5 e c t ~ a " : H3 * b a s = i n ~ • B e p o ~ T H O • ' B g H M a T e ~ b EL~aT~, H a n o ~ a ~ , ' t a x collector' (oT marina ba,-, cp. basqeq H T.n.)~ cne~o- ~aTeJl~HO• "llaC~Hqa 5eo~a" oSo3Ha~aJlO HeqTo specie Sthe Official residence of the customs officer• customs". XapaKTepHo• ~TO ~epKoBb CBo H~bI~ 5h~la xpaMoM D KHeBcKoR raBaHH• Ha 5epe~ HoqaRm~, H HaXO~leHHe 3.~ec ~- pe3~eH- I~HH T~MOXeHHOI'O ~IHOBHHKa He ~O/~KHO B~3~BaT~ y~HB~eHH~. 3a~BaeT BHHMaHH~ H "xa3apcKeJ~" ~THMOJIO~H~ Ha~BaHH~ ~py~oR ~acTH ~zpeBHe~O EHeBa -- Kon~pesa KoH~a- H3 *Kapgr, 5onee paHHRR BapHaHT ILMeHH Eab'ar/Kabyr (cp. K~DO~)• ~TO Hbt~ npHoOpeTaeT ocoS~Ut Bec B cBeTe "I~HeBCKOPO nHCb- Ma"• B KOTOpOM Cp~H nocTaBHB~3HX CBO~ no~llHCh B~CTy~aeT K i~ba r K~h~n. He HPHUaKF (0p.cit.,57), 9TO HM~ ~CHO yKag~saeT Ha TO, ~TO "the Kievan Eaba~8/Eo~ll~s were Jews by religion" (cp. "~IOB~/EH~" Kax OSosHaqeHHo 9ana~Ho~o H ~xHoPo paRcHes Kor~peBa KoHua; ~H~OBCKHO BO-- pOTa CB~MBa~m HpocJIaBoB ~OpO~ RaK pa3 C KOF~peB~M KOH- ~OM) .71 ECJIH v~eCTb, qTO I(HeB B X B. oTqeTJIHBO ITpe~-- CTaB/IF21 COSOR TpeXqJIeHH~0 CTpyKTypy (~opa, Kon~pe~ xoH- el1• Ilo~o~) • aHa~IOPHqHS~0 THeOreM cxeMaM SOCTO~H~X• a

72 qaCTHOCTH ~ C])e~Hea3HaTCKHX reposes • TO • Ka~eTcR • o~- paB~aeo onpe;leJleHHe Kor~eBa KoHl~a KaK BHFTpeHHe~O ~o- po~a, Bo-nepB~X• H np~o~o~g~HHe 05 ocoSoR pOJIH 9TOR ~ZaCT "~' " ~ p o ~ a B p e n H x, H o :~ H O R ~ S H H paHHeKHeBCKHX espe ~, BO-BTOp~X.

" C . n o e o o 3 a ~ o ~ e u 6~aeoOumu" 27

C o S o c - o a a s ~ e M - K H e a e H r o p R H pycOB OKOnO 9 4 0 r . ~)Ta C T p y X T Y p a J~O;m.Ha ~u.na n p e T e p n e T b HsMeHetm.~ H OCOS-- eHHO B 5 . rmxaR~4e ,~ecsTzcneTH.K ( c p . noxo;u Cs~Toc .naBa 9 6 5 r . , ~ a K o H ~ H a n m n C R B ~ T H e M HT~L~ H C a p x e m a , n o x o ; I B . , ' I ~ p a 9 8 5 r ' . Ha BO/LICKyl0 B o J 1 r a p m o H x a 3 a p H# KOHe~-- H o , n o x o p e H ~ e HTHn~ XOp~MOM B 9 7 7 - - 9 8 5 r r . H B T O p ~ H o e oSpameHHe x a s a p a Wcy.nx:~r~aHcTBo). B p e s y n b T a T e 3 T R X xpyT~u¢ nepe .Mes Boc¢o~zm~e ( x a s a p c x x e # e B p e n c K H e , H p a H c - K'He) s n e u e x T ~ , H e c o M H e H a O , ,~O.nXm,1 6uum ~OTeCHHTbCR H CO Bpe.Me~eM no,naeprHy:rbc~ cTHpaHm0, sa6BeHm0 H ,~axe y - T p a T e . 0 ~ H a l ¢ o TpFF-~O ¢OMHeBaTbCR a TOMe ~TO B X T B . • ~ e p e 3 c ¢ o n e t n o c n e H r o p ~ , e a p e ~ c ] C H R i4 xa~apoK1cR ~7 I e - M e r i t B KI~eB~ He TO;DbKO COXpaHR/~C~e HO H H%'pa3I SHaVJd-- T~JIbHyI0 ~30~L~. O0 ~TOM H~.J~b~ Sa0~BaTb npH paccMOTpeHI~ ~THO31HHr~HCTH%IeCKOI'O ~ona paHH~KH~BCKOR HCTOpHH, KaK H K~31~TypH~IX H KOH~CCHO~aJIbH~X pea31HRo BI~DD4o# r~aB~ono- ~OOHOo ~TO ~O BBe~eHH~ X~HCTHaHcTBa B KHeBe, ~ T.e. ~O caMoro KOHIIa X B o, HHKalQRX I'OHeHHR Ha HF~eRCKS~I0 Bepy H(~ 5~ulo. B yC-UOBHRX,. Korea HSUCHO ~tno ~5HpaTb K a K Y ~o- e H5 y~ ~- H~ Bep toP. ~eTor~cHSn0 HCTOpH~00 a,~5ope ae~ B31~pOM, OSla'qHO TpaKTyeMy~ leak 5onee no~m0~0 BcTaB-- Ky) 75 e~IHHCTBeHHO BO3MO~HOR nO3HI~HeR B pe31HI'HO~HOM BO- npoce 5~tua TepnHMOCTb, OpHeHTaI~H~ Ha Mc~KcHMa~SHO 5Ol'a--

MaTepHa~ DJIR BblSOpao CO3HaHHO pe31HPHO3HOR HCK3"J0qH-- TP.JI~HOCTH H -- 5o,111oe TOI'O -- HOBO~MOEHOCTH ¢OCy~eCTBOBa-- HHR paBHonpaBH~X BepOHOIIOBe~aHHR B ~TO BpeMR CJIH~KOM MaJIoBepORTHO.

Bee ~TH ~C310BRLR IIO~BO31RIOT ~pe~IloJla~aTb ~BO~TI~ 14 aK- Ty~HOCTb ~De31HI'HO3HOR IIO31eMHKH B KHeBe B cepe,l~H~ XI B. H TeM CaM~M O51~CHHT~ CSr~eCTBeHH~0 p o J I b HF~aHCTCKHX MOTHBOB B C3B. ~ ~eBH~KHeBcKaR CHTyaI~HR~ HeCOMHeHHo, CIIOCOSCTBOBa~a B~RHMHOM~ O~H~KOM31(~HHI0 ¢ w~F~KOR~ B~pOR. BO~MOR~HO t HOBOO0pa~eHH~Ie KHeBOKHe XpHCTHaHO~ He HClt~-- ~eH~O B ~OI34aTH~ZeCMHX H ~MMJIeCHo~orH~eCKHX TOHKOCTRX, BI~eJIH B Hy~eRCKOR aepe H B ¢HIIaI'OI~SJIbHOR npaKTHKe (nge~j~e ace~o a ~¢yprHH) 5online o 5 ~ H x qepT C 5rqeHH- eMiXpHCTHaHCTBa H I~epKOBH~M (50~~HHeM, IIOCKO3ILEy

HHX ~ a x H e o 5MJIO ~IpOTHBOIIOCTaBJIeHHe ~blqeCKOMy no/~- TeH~My, qeM Hy~eRCKOMy MOHOTeH3M~# rlpeeMCTBeHHSJ~ CBE31~ C KOTOpI~4t KaK ~J~P~eT H~ CaMOI'O C3B, OT~eT~IHBO ocosHa- Ba~acb. HMeHHO B ~THX yP.JIOBHEX MOP31H O~JRB~IRT~CR H~eH nl0eeMcTBa H X'JIyOHHI~X CBR3eR# KOTOpHO~ BO3MOEHO# BFJI]0-- qa31HC~ D CXeMy O(51~,HX npe~cTaBTleHHR O COXpaH(~HHH H3paR- 31eM H~0paHHHqecTBa 31axe H nO OT~I~eHHH CBOeM~ TaM l~aK "~ap ,~ H IIpH3BaHHe BO~HH HenpeJlO~J" (PHMn.XI:29). BO BCRKOM cJ~y~ae anonHe ~ a CHTyaI~HR, npH KOTOpOR KO- ~eSaHHe B BblSOpe Me~y X~HcTRaHCTBOM H Hy~eRCTBOM He C.Jle~eT O51~RCHRTI~ HH pe31H~HO~HLIM HH~H~epeHTH~MOM, HH TeM 5 a n e e U~HH~MOM,

28 8. H. Tono~oe

B]~e.ueHKe C 3 ~ a xpyx" ; R p e B x e x H e s c x ~ p e a J ~ - - c o B p e - Me.HHbIX ~ H I ~ e C T B ~ , I40 oXBaTlblBaeb~IX aKTFaJI~- - HOI~ HCTOp2F1eCKO ~t IIS~.qTbl0# - - rlO3BO.7IHeT C ~oJIMIlel~ KOH-- h 'peTHOCTbl0 H, ~MTb Moxe'$'a IlOJIHOTOI~ o I IeHHT~ H 9TOT r laM- ~THHKa H HeKOTOpble x a p a K T e p m ~ e O c o 6 e H H O C T H e ~ ' o c o s n a - TP..1I~.

BosBpm~a~c~ , K HCTOpHKO"~HTepaTypSO~r~' a c n e K T y C3I; B C~RSH C B e p o ~ l T ~ aBTOpCTBOM l~rlapHoHaw Hy]KHO rIO~l:~epK- H y T b JIBe cy tz IecTBeHHHe OCO6eHHOCTH, KOTOpMe B paMKaX Tpa.I~I.~HOHHOI~ c x e N ~ cpe .~HeBeKOBOR xy~XbTyp 'a ~ P ~ q ~ U ~ T CKO-- p e e xax } l c ~ - n 0 q e H H e , ~;m4 KaK npaBH.uO. II e p B a H H3 m~x COCTO~ZT Is TOM, q~'O n o Mep~aM ~3 ; )eBz~ep¥ccKo~ n H T e p a : r y p ~ (OCOSeHHO m ~ e ~ B BH~V X I B . ) cBe~eH~L~ 0 5 ~ u a p ~ o ~ e . 5 o n - e e T O r O - O e r ' o ~ U ~ S m ~ V e . r . b ~ o c : r ~ , c .~enye~r ~ p ~ s H a T b ~O-- C T a T O ~ H O ( ~ o F a ~ . 7s B T O p a ~ OCOSeHHOCTb n p O ~ B ~ , ~ e T c H B TOM~ ~TO ~)T8 aBTOpCKSJ:~ HH.~HBH.1:~TI]~HOCTb HepP-.~KO H OT-- ~I(~TJIHBO n p o c T y T l a e T B C ~ O M TeI~CT(~ C 3 B , O T T e C H ~ HJIH ,l~L~e IIpOpMBSJ~ Tps~HI~HOHJ ' I~ ~.'IOR H, '~ lepCoHSJILHO--H~RTpaH~-- HOI'O HaqaJla. B pesyJl~-TaTe T~MCT H er~ aBTO~ oKas~Ba~Tc~ COOTHeCeHH/~IH ,~p~,I' C ~pyI~M B 5OHbl~eR cTeneHH (H, FJIaB- SOe, C 5oJl~-meR B~Ip~KeHHOCTInI0 ~TOR CB~3H), q~M ~TO CBOR-- CTD~HHO ~HTepaT~pHOR CHTy~HH Xl B o BM~eJIeHHOCTb C3B cpe~ ~p~BHep¥c~KHX TeKCTOB Xl Bo npHoSpeTaeT, BO3MOEHO# e~e 5o~b~ee 3HaqeHHe~ ecJIH 5vqeCTS# ~TO ~TOT rlS/~L~T-- HHK CTO~ ~e pen~e%Ho B~UIeJ~eTCS H Cp~H ~FFHX TeKC-- TOB, npHnHc~rsa~M~X caMoMy FulapHoHF ( "HcnoBe~aHH8 ~epM" H .Up.) : 76 O~pa3HO-nO3THqeCKaE H H~eRHa~ (HCTOpHOCO~CKO-- p~'IHPHO3Ha~) OTMeqeHHOCTb C3E, cIIeI~H~HqHOCTb "MaHepM" • B XOTOpOR OHO COCTaBH~HOe ocTaeTC~ HeoClIOpHMhIM ~aKTOMo Ha~oHe~, e c T b Bee OCHOBaHH~ I'OBOpHTb O B~218HHOCTH C~B H B ~IHaXpoHH~ecKoM ac~exTe ~peBHepyccKoR H -- ~ -- "I~epKoBHOCJIaBHHCKOR" /~HTepaTypHI~IX TI : )~ l IHI I~, ]~4eHHO ~TOT TeKcT CTOHT nepB~M B pF.~F OpHrHHaJI~-H~IX IIpoH~B~.~(~-- HHR ~eBHepFcCKOR JIHTepaTy~, I~OTOpMe 0blm~ XOpO~O H B TeqeHHe ~glHTeJI~HO~O Bp~.MeHH H3BeCTH~ B KH~DKHO-rlHCaT~JI~-- CKHX Mpy~ax. 3aHMCTBOBaHHE H3 C3B B ~n~TepaType 5onee 110~JIHePO BpeMeHH HaqHHalOTC~ ~F~Ke C EIpOJIOXHOR "~OXBRJILI B~l~py" H llPO~O;DSm0TC~, nO MeH~eR Mepe, ~O XVII Bo (l(accHaH CaXOBHq H ~P.), Toe. Ha npOT~DKeHHH BCePO pyC- C~OFO Cpe~HeBexo~b~, a oT~e~bm~e peMHHHC~eHHHH npoc~e- ~Ba~0TCS H llo3xe (Harlp~ep, y MHTpOnOJIHTa ll~aToHa, 2-a~ nonoB. XVIII ~.). B OCHOBHOM 3aHMcTBOBaHHE OSHapy~mBa- 10TC~ B TeKcTax XI~THRHOPO H ~a~le~HpHqecKo~o (~oxBP~) EaHpa, r~e OHH peanHs~n0Tcs, KaK npaB~uo, B ~BFX c~epax -- MOHI~eIITySJIbHOft (HCTOpHOCO%CKHe m~eH) H o~pa3HO-IIO~TH-- q~C~OR (MHO~He ~opMa.~-H~e xo~, HcnoJl~3ye~e B CBB, no~e cTam~ cBoero podia Km~ne). B ~TOM OTHOI~eHHH noxa- ~aTeJleH ~eT pa~u~x SJIeMeHTOB C3B B ~mTm~x CHMeOHa H CaBBM (CM~ ~aH~H~ 1860; 1865 ~ ~p.), COCTaB~IeHH~X cepOcMHM MOHaXOM ~OM~HTHRHOM B XIII a., no,~e-~-~M ~o

"C, n o e o o 3axo~ u 6Aa~odumu" 2 9

n ~ T H ~ O I : U ~ a . U b H ~ H ~ c ~ a H H R CyulecTBeHHO ~a.rnblneH.,- lapHoHa ~7 ( x a p a K T e p H o e ~ e p H T I ~ e C K H O p F a H H ~ O B a H I - n ~ a c T e ~ B CO~OCT~BJI~eI~enlX TeKCT~I~ OOOHX aBTOpOB) o

H n o c . n e ~ . H e e , O ~ e ~ HeoOxo~[HMO C K a ~ a T ~ ~ e c ~ B C B ~ H c C 3 ~ H T e ~ O ~ HCTOKOB ~ e B H e p y C C K O ~ J IHTepaTyl )b l~ ~ ~ a H - - p O B a ~ D p H P o ~ a 9 T O r O T e K C T a o 0 c o 0 e H H O C T b n o ~ o ~ e H l ~ C ~ c p e ~ H CO~HHeHHI~ H ~ L t l b H O ~ O n e p H o ~ a p y c c ~ o R O~HZ'H-- H~UI~HOH 3DI~Tep~T~rJ~)M B ~Ha~[HTP./I~HO~ M e p e O 0 ~ C H ~ e T r . ~ x a H -

HeM ~HeMeHTOB I T J [ ~ o B e ~ H , ~ I T H ~ # HOXB~ILI H T . H . ~ ~ ' o ~ e T a - HHe KOTO~IX C O ~ B ~ T I O HecTaH~apTH~"I0 KOH~HI~J~RI~HI0~ OT-- KpMBaI0~ '10BO3MO~HO~T~ pa3I-DS[X r / l ~ O . t I ~ e H H R o 7s C H T ~ D . H ~ - T o p ~ e c T B e H H O ~ n p o n o B e ~ , o p a T O p C K O F O o0paD~eHHR K C.~IyI~I~ - T~Dt[M (~C.nOBO") CnOCOOCTBOB~tla ~ O n O n H H T e 3 I ~ H O ~ H H ~ M H ~ - -

n O g T H ~ e C K O R o 0 p ~ 3 H O C T H o 79 MO~IO B ~ c K a ~ T ~ l ' I ]p~[r /o.r /oxeHH~ 0 0 o c o 0 0 ~ pOT/H TO~KeCTBeHHO~ n p o n o B e D j ~ B C T a H o B n e H I ~ ! J l p e B H e p ~ c c K O ~ . t I H T e ~ a T y p ~ (H c n e ~ H ~ r I ~ H o -- O 0 p a ~ H O C T H ) . C 3 ~ , K ~ e T c ~ , n o ~ T B e l ~ l ~ a e T 9 T o C o o 0 p s ~ e H H e Z OTKp/:~IBaJt[ ~TOT ~ a H p ~ OHO B H3BeCTHOH c T e n e H H n~e~o l ' I pe~e . t l lOIO .U..tlH-- TP.~I~H~0 H pa3BHTyI0 T p ~ 1 1 ~ nO~TI~[eCKH O~OpI~TIeHHO~ ~ e p - KOBHO~ npoDoBP..~H - - BIIT/OT~ ~O HOBO~O B p ~ e H H . B o n e e n o - ~IpOOHI~ aHSJIH3 ~ H ~ O B M X KoMrlOHeHTOB C ~ H e r o n O ~ T ~ e - CKOR O 0 p a S H O C T H t n o ~ T B e ~ , l , IR H K O H K ~ e T H 3 H p ~ O ~ u ~ n p a - BO C ~ H T a T b 9TOT B ~ , ~ I ~ C ~ n~J~[YlTHHK O~HHM H~ 0 e c c n o p ~ x HCTOKOB ~ I p e B H e p y c C K O R ~ T e p a T y l ~ 3aF.z~o~aeT 3 T F ~ a 0 o T y .

A H 8 3 I H S H p y ~ 3~l~eCb TeKCT a IIO c.lr/OBSM H a H 0 0 . t I ~ aBTO-- p H T e T H o I ' o HCC.lrle~oBaTeJr/~ e r o IIOgTHKH • m • • • 0eccIIO~)HO IIpHHS~,,TIe~I~T K B e ~ H i . I I x ~ IISMRTHHKaMo ~ J / 0 6 0 H.uapHoHa - - s s M e ~ a T e ~ r l b H I ~ o 0 p a s e I ~ . l ~ p ~ H e 1 ~ l e z , o p y c c K o l " o rlpOIIOBe,IIHH-- • l e C T B R HQ-TO, tlbKO nO I'VIy0HH~ 00~OCJIOBCKO~ I, ICTOpHO(~O~CKO~[ CHMBO,tlHKHw HO T a K x e H t MOXQT 0MTb# . l ~ e B IIe~)B~0 o ~ e p -

r /o c B o e l v ~ X~.I~o2KecTBeHHOM~ M a c T e p c T ~ y e H C K ~ C H O - c o ~ e - T¢~10/lleM~ KOMI'IO~HI~trlOHHOe e~HHCTBO C HI-I~[HBH~[y~La'II~HO~ H3~IC-- KaHHO p a s H o o 0 p a s H ~ e l ~ TpaKTOBKO~ e l " o l l O ~ _ t l e ~ o B a T e , t l L ~ o T ~ e n ( ~ H c 0 e p e ~ m ~ BHHMRHHeM K M ~ " / ~ a I ~ I I H M ' ~ e T ~ : I M m (~KOOCOH ~ 9 7 5 - ' 9 ) . B C H C T e M ~ I'IO~THKH HOBOZ'O BpeM~HH Ig'/H

- - n n ~ p e - - Bo B c e x o ~ x , K o r ; I a TeKcT ~ e . C T p o ~ T c ~ ~aK O ~ H a H~ BRpH~L~H~ ~I~OCTaTO~HO CTpOrOl~O ( ~ H o r ~ a ~ I o - ~ e n o - ~ [ e R ) H HlmlepaTHBHOrO KaHOHa, nOHRTHe X p n O z e c T B e H - H O C T H T a ~ Hm~ H H a ~ e n p e ~ n o n a r a e T C B S ~ b C. O p H r H H - - a n ~ H O C T ~ m a B T o p a , n o H m ~ a e ~ o ~ ~ a ~ B ~ i a ~ l e H H e H H ~ H- - B H .~ y a .u b H O ~ ~OpMO~ ( ~ a K ~ H m O ~ ) , a c a ~ a " x Y ~ q o ~ e a T - BeHHOCT~b" T p a K T ~ e T ~ l~aK OTHOCHTe.lq~bHOe nOHRTHe .I~HHaMH- • ~ e c ~ o r o x a p a ~ T e p a , o n p e . u e n ~ e ~ o e r lpH yC.~IOBHH Cy~IeOTBOBa.-- HHR o 0 ~ e z ' o ~OHa H H~Ir/HqH~ H e K o e ~ o KOHTpaCTa, r io OTHO/ile-- Hm0 ~ H e ~ y . HHa~ c ~ ¥ a u ~ = ~ a 0 m o ~ a e T c ~ - ~ e x c n y ~ a = x ,

30 B.H. Tonopoe

K o r e a TeKCT o p H e H T H p y e T C ~ Ha x o p o m o H 3 B e C T ~ H ~ B~CO- KOR CTeI~eHH O6~3aTe.~LbHI~R KaHOH H COBHaTe.'I~HO pe a y . .H 3ye T o n p e ~ e ~ e H m ~ xaHpoB~I~ (CO BoeMH B H T e K ~ OTCl0~a C~e~CTBHEMH) TR~I, KaK BCSB. COOTHO~eHHe Xy~oxecTBeHHO-- CTH H OpHrHHaJIbHOCTH (CTeneHH HH~U~BH~ya/DbHOCTH) B 9THX yC~IOBHH~ CTaHOBHTCH H H MM = B 3Ha~HTeJIbHOR CTeneHH TepRL~ C~O~ OTHOCHTS/~HOCTb, Xy~oxecTBeHHOCTb HaqHHaeT onpe~e/L~TbCH c TOqKH SpeHH~ KDHTepHeB 5/n~SKHX K a S c o J I - ~TH~M (30 BCHKOMC2~J~ae paBHO OTHOCRS~HXCE H K ~OHy) e a OpH~HHa~SHOCTb H35HpaeT c~epoR cBoePo r~pOHB~eHF~ (oSHa- pyxeaHH), o O~HOR CTOpO~, 5onee BUCOKHe ypOBHn {HanpH-- Mept KOMnOSHI~HOHHUR), a c ~yl~Re 5o~ee TOHKHe H cne~H- ~ H q e c ~ H e CIXTFaU~H, CBOe~O po~a 3asop~ H HeKOTOp~e Heon- pe~eJIeHHOCTH B MOHO/~THOR B ~e~OM CHCTeMe KaHOHao $0 HO OpHI~dHa~IbHOCT~ He ~O~KHa HenpeMeHHO ~UT~ CB~SaHa C O T-- K ~ O H e H H e M OT KaHOHa (r~HqeM TaKHMe qTO B OTHO~eHHH e I ' o cam KaHOH He Ha~aPaeT HBHO B~a~eHHO~O SaHpeTa); OHa MO~eT npOEB~L~TbCE H .B r~OTR~OnO~IO~/~OM HanpaB~eHHHe KOTO~Oe yMeCTHO Ha~BaT~ "FHnepKaHOHHqecKHM", nOCKO~bKy OHO CBR~aHO C npe~en~s~M (H ~a~e ~anpe~an~s~M, ecns H-- MeT~ B BH~? CaM KaHOH) paSBHTH~Mno nyTH ~C~OXHeHRL~ He-- KOTO~ npe~r~caHHR KaHoHa, 8~aFo~ap~ qeM~ OTK~N~Ba~TC~ BO3MOXHOCTH KOHCT~yHpOBaHH~ "TpaHCKRHOHH~eCKHX" CTp~K-- TYp (Cp. 8H~L~O~HH C nOHHTHeM OpTO~eHe3a B 5HO~OrHH) o H3 STHX ~ByX THROB OTK~OHeHHR OT KaHOHa ("He~OKaHOHHqe-- C~HR" H "nepeKaHOHHqecKHR") Be21HKHe MacTepa TeX 9~OX~ KO~a Csr~eCTBeHHOR 5bUla opHeHTa~HH Ha KaHOH~ O5~HO BH-- 5Hpa~IH BTOpOR THn: CBOHM TBOpqeCTBOM OHH He OTO~KO "no~TaqHBa/~" CXe~Vly KaHOHa C H H 3 y , CKO~bKO pa~py~a~IH H npeoSpasoD~anH ee c B e p xy ~ qaCTO 5ecco3HaTe~IbHO, npeS~maH B ~epeHHOCTH B cBoeR np~aHHOCTH H BepHOCTH KaHoHy°TO~bKO B 9TOR c~epe H Ha 9TOM ypOSHe, Me~J Be- ~H~aR~eR CBOSO~OR H CMHpeHHeRD~L~ nOC/DJ~aHHeM (Cp. o6pa3 nogTa, n~e~o nO~HKTOBKF MF3~), TBOp~eCT20 pasBHBa- eT CBOH B M C I I ~ e sHePpHH.

~HMeHHTe~HO K C3B H~yPHM TeKCTam TaKOPO po~a ac- neKT "noc~y~aHHH"~ CamOOPpaHH~eHHH~ csoeFo po~a XF~O~e- CTBeHHOPO aCKeTHSMa npOEB~L~eTC~ He TO~b~O B cepHH 3a- npeTos Ha ~em~ p~ "OpH~HH~bHbL~" (HH~HBH~gL~H~Hp~0-- DIHX) XO~OB~ HO H B HeoSxo~HMOCTH yCBOeHHE ceSe, co3~a- BaeMoMy Te~CTy HeKOTOp~X Csr~eCTBeHH~X OCOSeHHOCTSR, no- qep~HyT~X H3 KO/L~eKTHBHO~O (KaHOHH~eCKo~o) ~oH~ao B ~lyqae C~B ~e~leCOO0pa~HO ~OBO~HTb O T p e X THnax TRKHX "BHe~HHX" OSH~aTe~bHOCTeR~ KOTOpHe B~CTy~a~T B Haqa~e paSoT~ ~aK conditio sine qua non, a B xo~e ee npeoSpa- ~0TCE R sa~He~e B H y T p e H H H e 3~eMeHT~ CTpyKTy~ TeKCTao

pe ~ e B c e P o co3~aTe~O TeKCTa ~aK.SH OTKa~Ba- eTCH B npaBe 5~T5 aBTOpOM-TBOp~OM: OH -- Bce~O ~ CO-- CTaBHTe~Ib~ "KOM~O3HTOp"~ HCXO~R H3 HeKOe~O ~Ke CO9--

"C.,~oeo o ~ a ~ o ~ e u 6.aa~oOamu" 31

~aHHOE~ KaHOHHqecKo~o TeKCTa (I/paKTR~eCIC~-- H3 CepR~ pa3HOR CTe~eHH aBTOpHTeTHOCTH TeKCTOBr COCTaBJL~3~HX B CyMMe KaHOH)° Te~ CaI~D4COCTaBJL~e~R TeKCT CMHI3eHHO ~-- CTy~a~T BCeI~/~Db KaK ROClIpOHSBe~eHHe HCXO~HO~O TeKCTa B CB~3H C KOHKpeTHOR (HO qaCTH0~; ~ OTHO~eHR30 E ~eJIoMy) CHTyaI~eR hic et nunc, cBoero po~a ~50pKOR, KOMIIO3HIXH-- eR, RKTyaJIH3Hp~n0~ HeXOTOp/~e KJl~qeB~e R~eH Un~OTOTeEC-- Ta" q e p e 3 cOOTHeceHxe c ~ e~-~x KOHEpeTH~X CO~TR~# BHenCu~OEeHH~X T~KCT?. HCXO~H~ TeKCT ~ C03~aH ~0 ~THX COO~THRt H HO~TOMy. CTpOPO ~OBOp~, OH He MO~ HX O~H~-- BaTh. HO r~ySHHa R ~ H r~OBH~eHIIHaJIbHaH MO~ ~TOrO HC-- XO~HOPO TeKCTa TaKOBa, qTO OH MO xe T (HpHHIIHF~a~L~HO) B~CTynaT5 H xaK OHHCaHHe KOHKpeTHOI~ COS~TH~ HOC~0-- ~HX BpeMeHo qTO0~ ~TO OnHCaHHe 5btUO ~OCTaTOqHO ~e~eHa- IlpaB~eHHO H ~eKTHBHOt HeOSXO~HMO ~pOH3BeCTH HeKOTO~e npeoSpa3oBaH~E B HCXO~HOM TeKCTe~ OTSOD HSr~HMX ~eMeH-- TOB# HX KOMSHHaI~}~0# onpe~e~eHHe CTeI~KHeBoR H~eH~ pa¢-- CTaHOBKy COOTBeTCTBS~HX aK~eHTOB H To~.~ a Ta~e yMa- 3aT~ TOqKH BK/~0~eHH~ B ~TOT HI~OSpa~OBaHH~R HCXO~Hh~ TeKCT p~a~HR CeE~HE H MecTa. B H3BeCTHOR CTeHeHH COCTaBHTe/L~ TeKCTOB, HO~OSH~X C3B, aHa~OPH~Ha pOOH ~y-- KOBO~HT~/DI CJIOBeCHOR qaCTH pHTF~a~ KOTOpMR ~O3BO~SeT ceSe HMIIpOBH3HpOBaT~ ~ ~OCTO/~Ky~ ~OCKO~SEy HeOSXO-- ~MO oG~[He H~eH CBE3aT~ CO 3~O6OR ~HE~ eCK~OH~T~" o6=ee Ha qaCTHOe.

BTOpa~ "npHHy~HTe~bHOCTb" CB~3aHa C TeMOR C3~o K~u0qeBa~ H BMeCTe C T~M Haq~IbHa~ T~Ma O saKoHe H 5~a- FO~aTH~ npe~onpe~e~o~aE H BBO~H~a~ TeMy XBa/~ B~a~H- pa~ CTpOHM~0.KaK pa3BHTHe ~epBoR~ TaK Ee HeQaMoQToH-- Ten,Ha. 0Ha B~HTa B ~OTOBOM BH~ H3 ~HpoKo~o Kpy~a eB-- aHF~CKO-HaTpHCTH~eCKHX TeKCTOB (CM. O0 ~TOM BKpaTI~e HH~e)~ KOTOp~e~ eCTeCTBeHHO~ He Hcqepr~B~0TCE TO~bKO ~TOR T~MOR. HO~TOMy OpH~HHaJISHOCT5 aBTOpa C~B B OTHO~e- HHH T~CH~HO o~paHH~eHa~ OHa CBH3aHaJIH~ C B~50~OM O~HOR H~ MHO~HX T e M H e p B O H Q T O q H H K a H C H O ~ c T p a H B a H H e l V l K H e R HeKCeR T~--BapHalIHH# T~--H~O~O/E~eHHH~ TpaKTFe- MOR HO OTHOMeHH~ E HCXO~HOR TeMe EaK cJIe~QTBHe H3 Hee. Pa3yMeeTcH, He HpHXO~HTC~ y~HB/LqTSCE TeMaTR~eCKOR CBE-- 3aHHOCTH aBTOpa C3B~ OHa ~OPHqeCKH B~TeKaeT HS OTMeqeH- HOR B~e OC05eHHOCTH -- ~OSpOBO~HOPO OTKa~a OT TOPO~ qTOOH C~HTaT~ CBO~ "EOM~O~0" CaMOCTO~Te~ISH~MH caMo- ~OB~e~HMTeKCTOM.

T p e T H R THH "BH~HeR" O0~aTeJI~HOCTHI HO CyTH ~e- ha, TaK~e O0~ECHEeTCE H~ ~BFX npe~mx. B ~aHHOMC~D~- qae pe~5 H~eT OO HHKOpHOp~J~H B CgB, KaK H B ~PY~He HaM~THHEH ~TOPO po~a, OSHn~H~X, a HHO~a H OS~HpHLL~ ~paPMeHTOB H~ HQXO~HOPO TeKcTa (BeTXHR 3aBeT~ HOBhU~3a- BeT, COqHHeHHE OT~OB ~epKBH H T.Ho), KOTOp~e B O~HHX C/DyqaHx ~BJL~0TCH ~HTaTg~I (npaB~a~ qa~e Bce~o He conpo-

81 B O ~ a ~ yKaSaHH~M Ha HCTOqHHKH}# a B ~pF~Hx--

32 B.~oTO~Opoe

~r~3KHMH K TeKCTF nepeno~eHyJu~, s~ H3 BeTXO3aBeTH~X TeKCTOB qa~e Bce~o npHsoJI~TCR ~paI'MeHT~H3 H C ~ H (VIII:I~ XLVI:2-3,7-9; XLVII:11; LXIV:6~ LXV:4~ LXVI:3; LXXIII:12; LXXV:I; CXII:3-4~ CXIII:11; CXVI:I~ CXLVIII: 11-13) H Hca~ {XIX:I; ~XV:5,5-6,6-7~ XL:4-5; XL~I:10; XLV:23; LI:4-5~ LII:10~ LXIII:9; LXV:15-16), HO He ~-- KH OTC:~UIKH ~TaK~e He OSO3HaqeHH~e B ¢e~cwe) H K ~pyr~M K~P~ (B~T~eXVI:2~ XLVIII:I9~ XLIX:I0~ CY~HVI:37-38, 39; HepeMHs XXXI:34~ ~aHHH~I VII:14~ 0CHR II:16,18,23; Manax~m I:10-11~ C~paxXVII:18). H~ HOBO3aBeTHhIX TeKc- TOB 5 o n e e q e . M B n o n o B H a e c.uy~aea I~HTHpy~0TCR OTE~BKH H~ MaTteR (V:lT; VIII:II-12; IX:IT; X:32; Xl:6~ XII:24~ XV:24,26; XXI:40-41,43,44; XXIII:19-20,37-385 XXVII: 63), pexe Hs HoaHaa (I, II:12-13; IV:21-23; XX:29), ~yKH (I:38,68; XIX:42-44), MapKa (XVI:15-16) H ~pyx~x TeKCTOB (HaKOB XI:13~ V:20~ THT II:ll; EBp. XII:l}. Pacnpe~eneeHe ~THX aKparu~eaHR O~eHb HepaBHOMepHOo O~-- ~DMHOe 5OJII~HHCTBO HX npHXO~HTCR Ha n e p a y ~ o q a c T b Te~C"- Ta, r ~ e p e ~ b Henoope~oTaeHHo~uleT o saKoae H ~naro~aTH, H TOJISMO CeJ4~ Ha RTOpS~0 qaCT~, nOCBR~eHHS~0 xBaJle B~aJ1~- MHpy (O MO/~TBe B ~TOM OTHO~eHHH CM. RLR~Ke). Cy~ecTBeH- HO, qTO qaCT~ O ~aKoHe H f~laro~aTH HaqHHaeTCR O ~HTaT~ (OT~pMBa~0~eR, CJle~OBaTeJlbHO# H Bee5 TeKcT) H MOHqa~TCR ~HTaTOR~ Cp. COOTBeTCTBeHHO:

E n a r o c n o a e a b r ' - ~ - - E n e s b , I ~ x p . c ~ i a . e c x ~ . m ~ o n o c ~ ] z H H CbTaOpH H s S a s n e H ' l e J n ~ U ~ C S O ~ r b ( 1 6 8 a -

c p . ~ F ~ a I : 6 8 ) H n o c u ~ a ~ T e M e a e ~ . o ~ £ e MOH r n z ~ ~ E . v

H ca~rb MOH CB~Tb c T p a [ a a b ~ . , n p H S ~ a e T c ~ c x o p o [

npaa~a Moa H Hsb~eT~ ~KO c a ~ J T ~ E ' ~ c e ~ l e Moe, M e ~ e

uccpoa~ ~ u a ¢ b . ~ s a ~ o M o ~ [ c c p a ~ oynoa~0=b (~84a-1846 - cp. HcaR~ L1:4-5). ss

~ T a U ~ T a T H a E pa~uca B ~ B e c T H O M c ~ c . u e O H r H a n H s H p y e T 0 5 opHeHTa~HH ~TOR qaGTH C3E B ~e.UOM Ha H O X O ~ H ~ TeKCT H, C3Ie~OBSTeJIbHOw O~ UCTaHOBneHHH OTHO~eHH~ ~ H T H p y l 0 ~ e r O H ~HTHpyeMOrOo

HS O c o S e H H o c T e ~ u ~ T a T H O r O c . n o n B C 3 B , H M e ~ 0 ~ x OTHO- m e a x e K KOMIIO3HI~HH T e K C T a H/RUI~ K p a s B e p T ~ B a H R u 0 TeX H3IHHHInEK C I ~ O B e MOXHO B ~ d T b H S C K O ~ K O . ~ 6 p B a ~ H3 HHX COCTOHT B TOMt ~TO HeKH~ C n ~ O ' m H O ~ TSKCT nepBOHCTO~HHKat O ~ a l ~ OTHOCHT@~L~HO~ TeMaTH~6CKO~ 3 a B e p ~ e H H O C T b ~ e B B O ~ T C R nO ~SCT~M (,~pO~eO) w HO BeCbMa K O H ~ e H T p H p O B a H H O B O~HO MeCTO (OTpMBOK) ~TH- pS~0~ero TexcTa. Cp. OTp~mOK C3B Ha CT~Ke 1815-182a,.r~e

"C, n o e o o 3 , ' ,Ko~e u 6,n~zRoocz?4u" 3 3

B TpH npHeMa v,~T~10yeTc:~ ~parMeHT Hs HcaRH XXXV:5-7:

([~Ko xe pe ~ Hca~a.] pasaelpseTc~ Bo~a XO~'i~cb

no I 5e~. H 5&~eTb 5e3Bonsaa I a~ ~aTa. H B~ seMJm

ToFa BTBep3aTCA ~Keca cJ~tlr~bu3, i{ oymeca Frm~u~ oy- T

CJIM~aTI~ [KaK TOqHa~ 11HTaTa 5] o . o TOI"~, CKOqHTb HtXO

e~eHb XpO~. I H H~CeH~ GareTh Mt3bIK'b ,~&~H~J~ [XaK

u~TaTa 6]) o ~

HpH oSpa~eHHH x 3TOM3V rrpHeMy u~TaT~ H3 r~epBoHcTO~HHKa oSpaS~0T TexcTOaUR ~ (OS~'rqHO) xom4ency~=mbHuR x a p x a c COOTBeTCT~Y~C~eZ"O ~ p a r ' N e H T a C3B; npoSe, m~ ~ e Me, w~y OC-- H O B H b ~ yB~aM~ 3TO~'O KapKaca ~anoJriasu0¢c~ cocTaBHTeJ~eJ4 C 3 ~ TeI~CT~[X)I~ ~COe,U, HHHTeJrXbHO--p~S'bRCH]i~TeJI~bHO~O ~ X ~ a K - - T e p a .

]3 T O p a R OCO~(~HHOCTb npoRaJ~u~eTc~ B TOM, ~TO He~.u~t ~ p a r M e a T C3~ He~o~bmo~ ~m~H~ ~anonHReTcJ¢ I.IHTaTaMH H3 O ~ H O ~" O Te~¢cTa nepaoHcTO'qHHKa, HO H3 pa~H~¢ e~'O MeeT, ~TO npHaO~HT X npo~ne.Me MosaH~zHO~ ~(OMnO3H~HH. Cp . O ¢ - pt~BO~ C3S 1835-1845, r~e ~eaRTH~paTHo ~HT~p~0TCR pas- H~e MeCTa H3 IICa~TI~,'pH=

[ ~ n , n , . ] ,ua =¢cn o l a ~ u a ¢ c , ~ ¢ o ~ m 0 ~ i e e ~ e . I,~a ~ c n o -

a t ~ a T c A TO0~ ;ru0e I ~ c ~ . ~a a~3BeceJ~TCa ~ a~pabr l0Tc.~

~SbU.tH, ~ ~SC~ ~3W.tH B'b]cn.newt, T e palCaM~. H BbCKnM[

~H~Te ~'~ rnacOM'b p a ~ o c T ~ . ~ o r""~ zx:mm~.x x c T p a ~ e H . I

~ , , B e . n x r b n o s c e x s e w m . ( I l c a n ' r , X L V X ; 2 - 3 ) [ x n o [

Mank] n o w r e ~ s a ~ e M a n o [ ~ T e , m ~ o ~ r ~ a c e x s e w m

7 - 9 ) . H Bo~ ~le,v, nA .1Ia I noKnOH~Tb TH C,L H noeTz, TOSS.

~a noeT,- x e H M e ~ caoeM~ I auam' iH, ( " c o S o p u a ~ " ~HTa--

Ta ~s X L V : 2 , 4 ; L X X I : l l ; C X L V I I I : I ) [H ] xBar, HTe ~'~

ac~ I ~ s u u ~ . H nox~amaTe ac~ ~.ol='le. ( c x v z : l ) [ . T

e m e ] ~ o B ~ C T O ~ ~ ~O U a a n a ~ . XBan~O ~M~ P'de,, a,-,,]

c o ~ ~ a j ~ aCkMH ~3,-,,X~ r'-E. I H a ~ ~ e ~ e c u c n a a a e ~ o .

( c x ' r I : 3 - 4 ) no . , , , e l . - ~ : -o~a ~ e . ca,~o . x ,~a l~a c a o a

. a ,¢o.,,~. ~e , ,~ ( x r . v z z : z z ) . o:,,[¢,,~,- ~ ~ e c-n-c . -

cent0 . a l " ' - . o y n o a a H ~ e SCtM'. = o . ~ e J M b ~ e M n H . . cam ' i -

34 B.H. Tonopoe

s ~ Molp~ ~ a n e q e . ( L X I V : 6 } . H ~ a n o ~ B a e J ~ Ha ae[

MZ~ n&T~ TBOH. H B~ BCtUC'b ~ S ~ b ~ cn"--ceH~e T a o e

~a I xBanaTb ~ r--~e. (CXLVIII:11-13).

B 3TOM cJly~ae BeCb TeKcT npe~oTaBn~eT coSoR nepeTeKaHHe H~ I~HTaTM B I~HTaTy# a naBTOpCMHR" BKJI~_CBO~HTCR I~ MH- HI~dyMy (Cp. B KBa~IpaTH~X CKOSKaX: "H ~B~ oo. H nolMa~ • . . H . . . H . . . ) . ~l~pyron n p m ~ e p ~ T o r o THna -- C3~ 1 7 8 a - 1 7 8 0 , r~Ie mecT~KpaTHo ~ T ~ p y m T c ~ o T n e n ~ m ~ e OTpbm~H H3 MaT~e~ (B nop~j~Ke c.nej~oBaH~Le: X X I : 4 4 5 X V : 2 4 ; V : I 7 ; XV: 26; XXVII:63 H Xli:24; XXI:40-41).

T p e T 5 R OcoSeHHocTh OT~/H~aeT~ OT npe-~-y~eR TO~- KO T~M, ~ITO oPpaHHqeHH~R B CBOHX pa3Mepax OTI~OK C3B Sa~O~.~eTCR UHTaTaMH HS p a 3 H ~X TeKcTOB nepBOHCTOq-- HHKa. a~ Cp. OT~BOK C3B 174a-176a, r~e BOCe~b pa3 I~HTH-- pln0TCR pa3H~e BeTXO- H .OBO3aBeTH~e TeKCT~:

n o H T e J ~ n ~ c H ~ H o B s . H c n a B . M O e c T s ] m ~ e r o

XOHeUb 3e~4nH. H C ' b [ X O ~ e H B~ Mope H n.naBaloweH J[ n o

HeM~; H OCTpOBH BCH. (Hcaa~ XLII:I0). [H naJK~.]

PaSOT~0WHMb MH HaPeqeTCa HMA HOBO. e~Ke 5~-BHJT~ Ha

3eMx~ (Cpo HoaR, LXV:I5-16) [o.. np~e 50 5g a~

iepooanHMt e~HHOMb KJ1a[ H~THC~. H~H~ xe .o BceH I

3e~uH. ~aKoEe pe ~ re~e~H5 [ K'b ~'~. ] a~e p&Ko~ MOe~0

~ - n c a [ ~ ~ . ~ o n a 5~l~eT'- p o c a Ha [ p & H t TOKMO. r i o

BceH g e ~et4nH J c a ~ a . H 5,-, "~" T a r o (CF~U=H V I : 3 7 - 3 8 ) .

[ . . . p e ~ ~ e nam~ ~e~zeJ~H~ ~ 5-~. ] 8~ J~a 5a~leTb oaJ t~a

Ha p&xt T~MO. nO Bce~ J ~e~tuH poca (CynbH VI:39)

[ . ~,.,c:r~, ~ a . o . . . ] . . . [ . ~ . o z e . ] ~ , caMap,~,m-,xx ~"~a]

a~e C--~Cb, ~O rDA~eTb rO~H[ Ha H H-Hi ecTb. e~na e~

BO Pop~ IceH. HH ab iepocanRM~x~ "OI"~OHATCA ~-&

~OMb H HCTH] HO~. HSO ~b Tautx~ H~eTb [ F~a~xc~

eMOy (HCo IV'21-23) ... [~,O ~ c--~c~ R~ K~ OU& ~a~eo] e7

H c n o B t n m o ~ . I c a ~ e r . . . - - - 6 c . , s e ~ n . . ~ . o ] oy~aH; r~

e c H . ~ nptM~U~p,,,[Hx~ H pagoyMm~mx~. H ~ p ~ [ ~ l ~ eol~ T

M n a ~ e H u e M b . OH. w q e . I ~ x o T a r o 5 ~ "6-~roHssoneH'~e

"C.noeo o 3axo~e u 6AuzoOumu" 35

np~ zoSo~. (MAT#. XI:25-26) [...]e~mKO 50 [pete

eBar're.maJcT~] r~una ero, ~aCTb HM~ J~nacz~ ,~oM~

~e~ osJ~.. Btpoy~='~ .~ ZM~ J ero. ~xe .e ~r~ T T

ICp~Beo HH~T~ ~OXOTH IIrlOTbCK~. HH ~T~ nO~XOTH T

B~ C--T~ H Koynt-~4.] 88 Bc~ x e CH. ~ sa~ J Ha

CXIII:I1).

C x o ~ m m a THn n p e ~ c T a B n e H H B , U ~ y I " , a x M e c T a x C 3 B ( c p . 1 7 8 5 - 180a: MaT~. XXI:40-41; ~yxa XIX:42-44; MaT~° XXIII:37- 38; Mo. I:11; B~T~ LXV:10; MaT~° VIII:11-12; XXI:43; MapK XVI:15-16; MaT~° XXIII:Ig-20; IX:17$ - 181a-1825: Manax. I:10-11; HcanT. LXV:4~ VIII:I; B~ec. II:12; McaRE XXXV:6-7;5;5-6; 0cH~ XI:16,18,23; - 1705-1715: B~THe XVI:2; ~yKa 1:38; THT II:ll H T.U.). es HMeHHO TaKHe npHMe~OCTaBHRIOT O~pH~R H Ha~MaTepHaJl

H 3 y q e H H n I~IapHOHOBOR TeXHHKH BOCXO~RIgHX (OT COSCT-- BeHHOrO T e K C T a K U . H T a T a M H ~ ~ e p B o H c T O q H H K O B ) H HHCXO~-- ~ x nepexo~oB Hero yMeeH~ paCTBOpHTb (HHOr~arrpaKTH- ~ecKH ~o y~pa3~HeHHK el'O RD~H CoxpaHeHH~ TO~KO COe~HHH-- T~bH~X TKaHeR) "CBOR" TeKCT B ~HTaTHOM C./IOeo ~aCTH~Me HO BnOHHe MapKHpOBaHHI~MBapHaHTOM paCCMaTpHBaeMoR OCO-- 5eHHOCTH ~HTHpOBaHHE H~KHO C~HTaTb KOMIIOSH~HI0t B OCHOBO KOTOpOR ~e~HT COe.~HHeHHe (CT~K) B 6 TX O-- H H O B O ~a-- BeTH~X ~HTaT# OSpa3yl0C~HX e~/~HMR ~paFMeHT TeKCTa (Cp. 176a: Hc° I:12-13 H HearT. CXIII:II; Me. I:11 H L~rHe XLZL:I0; - 181a: HcanT° LXV:4, VIII:I H 9~ec. II:12; - 190a: MaKOB II:13; CHpaxXVII:18 H MaT~. V:I) o

Pa3yMeeTc~ He HCK~0~eHO B CBB HaY@lqHe H~HX~H-- TaT, Bonee TOrO, OHH HeCOMHeHH~ H q~OTb HX o6pa~yeT~ TaM cKa~aTb~ B T O p H q H~ R ~HTaTHhlR CJIOR# ~pe~CTaB~eH-

~HTaTaMH U~ITaT ~ HX nepecKasaMH H BapH~J//~MH, KO-- TOpee oSpa~5~0T HeKHR OSOSmeHl~=l~ 11HTaTH~R HOKI~OB (B EB- HOR ~OpMe OH~ HeCOMHeHHO~ ~pe~CTaB~eH BCeMTeKCTOM 3a- KP~0~HTeJIbHOR TpeTbeR qacTH -- "MOJIHTBM")o B ~TOR CHTya- ~HH cy~ecTBeHHb~H CTaHOBKTCK BO~pOCt~ O rpaHH~ax Me~F ~HTaTH/~MH H He~HTaTHI~MH CJIORMH H O He~OCpe~CTB~HHbIX HCTOqHHKg~¢ TeX H/IH HHhIX ~HTaT. He~Ib3~ cKasaTb~ qTO ~TH BO~pOC~I HOBM H qTO He 5blHO ~Or~ITOK ~aTb Ha HRDCOTBeTM# XOT~ ~M H ~pe~jsapHTeJlbH~e H/~H qacTH~e. TeMHe MeHee# COOTBeTCTBy~0~e~O HCCH~oBaHHE DpOBe~eHO He 5hglO~ H ~O-- ~TOMy ~oKa o00KOHqaTe~IbHOM OTBeTe He MOE@T 5~TT~ M pe- ~H. 05pa=aeT, o~saMo, Ha ceS~ BHHMaHHe cooSpa~eHHe, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOTOpI~M HaH~o~ee npHeMHe~4OR c~epoR ~In~ ~OHCKOB OTBSTOB Ha o~a Ha3BaHH~e BO~poca MO~eT oKa--

36 B.H. Tonopo~

3 a T b C ~ MaTepH,:%T/ H~pH6JIH3HTeJ'/~H/~IXN D, HTaTe ~O~/ .~HTaT-- n o n y n e p e c x a s o B , o 0 p a s o B H z u l e ~ t onpe.lleJIeHI-llzIx HaCTOJ'/bKOe ~TOO~mm~JZmIHpOBaT~ 0eccnopm~ze H S b I K O B ~ M~p,:~Lr/eJ'/~ B TeKCT~e H D e e x e CoxpaHHIOIZlHX H3BeCTH~z~0 CBO00,I~r B ~ 0 O p a e KOTOpaHt KaK ~paBHJIOa HCKJII0~aeT T y CTe! !eHb ~ e K B a T H O C - TH 3aHMCTByeMorO H 3aHMCTBOBaHHOrOw K O ~ a npHHHTO HOBO-- pHT~ O I.T, H T a T e . ~ qHCJIy HaHOOJIee HeCOMHeHHrnlXHCTOqHHKOB TaKHX w r ~ H 0 3 I H 3 H T e ~ TM L ~ T a T B C3~ c . u e ~ y e T OTHeCTH "HocnaHHe K Fa~aTaM" VI:22-31 (TeMa ArapH H Cap~ H Hx C~HOBeR), OTp~BKH H3 nOSn~eHHH E~peMa CHpHHa O HpeoOpa- ~eHHH (~paHMeHTe cKpen~eHH~R HeO~HOKpaTHO ~OBTOpeHHOR KOHCTpyKD~eR "a/~e He 0~ BOH~ . . . ~ ) He MO~eT 0/~TS, TO MeCTO H3 4--OR "KaTeXeTHqeCKOR" Oece~KHpH~na Hepyca- ~IHMCKOHO~ H~H pa3BHBaHTCH CXO~HaH T~Ma "~BORCTBHHHOCTH" XpHCTae a TaK~H~ BO3~EHOe H HeKOTOI~H ~pyrHe TeKcT~, xaK npaBH~o, y~e BTOpHqHOHO xapaKTepa (~eTpOBCKHR 1908: 87-95 H .up.); cp., B qaCTHOCTH, He pa30TMHqaBumHCH HC-- C~e~OBaTe~LqMH C~H/~HTaTH~X 3aHMCTBOBaHHR B C3B H3 TO~KOBOR ~a~eH (Cpo MOTHB pOC~ Ha pyHH# BOCXO~H~HR B MOHHqHOM C~HTH X Cy~bEMVI:36-38). HaKoHe~, C~yHT CqHTaTSCH, KaK 5~KH yKa3~B~L~OCb B ~HTHpaTypH~ C Te--M~ ~TO 3HaqHTH~HaH qaCT~ ~HTaT B C3B yCMO~b3aeT OT BHHMa-- HHH HCCJIH~OBaTe~H~ H3-3a TOHO~ qTO He ~ BCeX ~acTHR THKCTa H3BHCTH~ COOTBeTCTBS~0~HH HCTOqHHKH (B qaCTHOCTH# ~OnyCKa~ocb Ha~HqHH HHKoeHo TpaKTaTa Ha Te~y 3aKOHa H 0~aHo~aTH, OnH~HTBopeHH~xAHapb~ H CappoR). s°

00H~IHe H pa3Hoo0pa3He ~HTaT B C3Be npeBpa~a~Hx He-- KOTOp~H MHCTa 3TOHO naSUITHH~a B ~HHTOHIff~R THKCT, C OCO- 0OR OCTpOTOR CTaBHT ~onpoc O ~yHK~HHXD~TaT B C3B H ~pyHHX ~J~THHKaX 3TOHO TH~a H BO~pOC O0 "OpHHHHa~IhHOC-- TH" C3B~ Toe° O COOTH0~HHHH "COOCT~HHHOHO" H ~HTaTHOHO cnoeB B TeKCTH. B CB~3H C ~epBhIM BO~pOCOM C~HCTBHHHO ~O~epKHyTb~ qTO pO~b ~HTaT He CBO~HTCH K HHKHHM BHpO-- yqHTe.~SH~M H ~OHMaTH~HCKHM OpHeHTHpaM~ o~opaM~ CBOHHO po~a H~HRH~M "KOHTp~OpCRM" B ~O~HMHKH ~O p~JIHHHO3H~M BonpocaMo C TOqKH 3peHHH CTpyKTyp~ C3B HHCOMHeHHa po~ ~HTaT KaK O~HOHO H30CHOBHblX CpH~CTB K O M~ 03 H~ H H

By X ~ O~ TH KC TO B B COCTaBH ~aMETHHKa -- yC~OBHOe "HBaHHe~bCKH-~aTpHCTH~HCKOHO" H "COOCTBHHHO~O"~ CBH3aH- HOHO C Ha~IHqHOR KOHKpHTHOR CHTyaI~HeR hic et nunc. ~pH ~TOM CaMO nOHHTHe KOM/IO3HI~HH B ~aHHOM cnyqae cne~eT nOHHMaT~ ~OCTaTOqHOD/HpOKO H pa3HOCTOpOHHHo ~sa acneK- Ta MOMIIO3HI~HH H~F~K~/0TCH B ~TOR CBH3H B ~O~qHpKHBaHHH: B O-- Re p B ~X, ~O~ KOM~O3H~HeR ~O/DKeH ~OHHMaTbCH MaK MaKpOMOHTa~K, ToH. C~OCO0 COH~HHeHHH H opHaHH3aI~HH ~ByX yKa3aHH~X ~O~THKCTOB B ~e~oe THKCTa~ Ta~ H MHKp0MOHTa~ ("Mo~eKy~HpH~" ypOBHH~)~ T , H ° C~OCO0 ~OCTpOHHHH MHHH-- M~I~HOHO ceMaHTHKO-CHHTaKCHqHCKOHO e~/~HCTBa, BK~0qa/0- ~eHo B ce0H 3~MHHT~ (MHKpO3~HMeHT~) O00HX no~TeKCTOB (HHaqe HOBOpH, peq5 H~eT O0 3~eMHHTapHOM "~OM~O3H~HOH--

"C.noeo o a u ~ o ~ ¢ u 6 . n a z o d a m u " 37

HOM" KBaHTQ H COOTBeTCTByI0~P.J4 n p H H ~ H r l e e ~ O C T I ~ a I ~ e M o c o H o n c H . ~ x ~ T p a s ~ T a r ~ H O C T H '~ 5 o n e e rIpOTRDKeHH]~IX OT-- p e 3 K a X T e K C T a ) ; B O - - B T O p r ' - l X o K O M I ' I O 3 H U ~ Ka]R I ' IpHHI~r l p e a J I H S y e T C R KaK B T e K C T O e B C H H T a r M e e T a K H B CHCTP.Mew s n a p a j ~ r M e ( S e s y q e T a ~THX o S e H x o c e ~ s u b s p e c i e p a s - B e p T b m a H H s x o M n 0 ~ m ~ H o H e o r o n p H e ~ H n a Tp¥ ,neO nOHSTI, H O633nCHHTH y H H B e p c a .JI ;= H O C T b ~T O I 'O n p H H I I H I I a B T e K - - C T a X t IIO,~OOHb~ C 3 E # H TOa ~[TO HMeHHO yI : )OBeHb KOMIIO3H-- I~HH HeceT Ha ceHe HaHHo~n~n0 Har1~y3Ky B HTHX TeKcTax). COHCTBeHHO, H ~y~OR BOIIpOC -- 05 uOpHrHHaJIHHOCTH" C3B

"-- onepal~OHHO npo~e Bcero p~aeTcg llpH aHaJIHse KOMIIO3H-- ~HH L~eJIOI~O, H3 KOTOpOI'O Ka.K 0hl BIx~qHTaeTCR eaHHoJlee H3-- BeCTHOe (I~HTaTHMR CJIOR)w ~TO0hl onpe~a:mTH "opHrHeanb- HblR" OCTaTOK. 91

MaKpOKOMIIO3HIIHR C3B m~eHr ~ano c TpeME HaHHoJlee KpyrlHhU~H ~UloKaMH -- C nOCJIe~IOBaTeJIbHO pacnoJIozeHH/~MH qaCTHMH TeKCTa: O 3aKoHe H 5Jla~o~aTH (~anee- I), "Ho- XBaJIOR" KH. B~I~U~Hpy (II), "MO~IHTBOe" (III), ~JIeHHMOR Ha COHCTBeHHO "Mo~IHTBy" (IIIa), "CHMBOn BepH" (IIIO) H IlpHnHCKy H~apHoHa (IIIB}, KOTOpaR MorJla 01~ CqHTaTHCR H OCOOOR qaCTH~ (IV} B cny~ae, ecm~ 5~ c 5eccnopHOCT~-~ 5hi;IO ~oKa3aHO aBTOpCTBO H~IapHoHa H ~ qacTeR I H II. 92 BrlOJIHe BO3MO~KHO# MTO npaB~ Te 5,qeH~e~ KOTO~e HaCTaHBa-- ~T Ha OTHOCHTeJI~-HO nO3~H~M nORBneHHH III ~ C3B H HHOI ~- ~a npe~InaPmoT BecbMa npa~ono~loHm~e OH~RCHeHH~ (Po3oB 1963:148-149}. TeM He MeHee, B H3BeCTHOR cTeneHH npHXO-- ~HTCH CqHTaTHCR H C TO~ pe~LYlbHOCTH~) (TpeX~aCTHMR TeKCT), KOTOpaR HecoMHeHHa B CHHO~aTIbHOM CIIffCKe H pR~e ~I3Y~HX ~HKCaI~HR C3B. ~Ta peaJIHHOCTH, KOTOpaR 110 IIpOHCXO~eHIG0 MO~la 0~TH, pa3yMeeTcR 4, H IIpHHy~HTeJIbHOR ~ ~lOJly~laeT ~O- CTaTOqHO BJIHRTeJIHH~e ap~YMeHT~ B CBO~ r lo . , ' Ib3y r lpH 5onee IIO~POOHOM aHaJIH3e OcOHeHHOCTeR KOMIIO3HI~HH C~B H CJIO~K-- HOR CHCTeM~ CM~CJIOBblX CKpeII--OTCI~IOK~ HMe201~HX II~HMOe OT- HoI~eHHe K pa3BepTI~HaHH~ TeKcTa. He IIpHXO~HTCR I'OBOpHT ~- O TOM# ~gTO CaM IlpHHL~Hrl TpeXVJIeHHOR KOMrlO3HL~HH TeKCTa I 'IOI/~-3OBeJICR O C O 0 ~ 4 r l p H 3 H a H H e M B TOR Tp~[ IHI IHHt K KOTO-- pOR npHHa~IJle~aJlO C3B. MO~HO noJlaraTb, ~TO, IIO~OOHO TO- My, xaK "Oe3 TpOHLU~ ~OM He CTpOHTCH", q-~CTH I H II~ CO- CTaBJI~BI~Ie OCHOBy TeKcTa HJIH /~a}Ke Hcqepr~B~0~He e~o~ H~aJIHCH B HeKOeM 3aBelN~eHHH H eCTeCTBeHHO rlpHT~HBa-- Jl[: TOT TEKCT yHHBEpCgL/IHHOrO ~aHpa (MOJIHTBa), KOTOp~ KaK 01~ 5~Ke B CHJIy yCJIOBHR, Tpa~HI~HH He MO~ oKa3aTbcR JIHI~HHM H Bcel~a O~ul yMeCTH/~M# Oco0eHHO KaK cHoeI'o po~a yBeHqaHHe npe r~-y~e~Oo IIpH TaKOM no~xo~e He HCIL~0qeHO, qTO nepBoHaqaJIHHO MO//HTBa (III), ~eRCTBHTeJIHHO, MOl~J1a O~'Tb He CBRsaHa C I- II'- HH B KaKoR HO~OTOBKe H oIIpaB- ~aHHH OHa He Hy~K~aeTcR~ H ee caMo~IoBJIe~HR xapaKTep OqeBH~eH° He 2~1R I- II OHa 5b/Jla HHDKHa~ H ~BO BCRKOM CJlyqae ee ~pHcoe~IHHeHHe He 0hl~O HH BH~I~HHMt HH JIHI~HHM~ HalIpOTHB~ OHa KaHOHHqeCKH 3aHel~ana np~..n~..-y~ee, B~CTy-

38 B.H. Tonopoe

n a ~ i a KaK TO ~ e ~ o a ~ O T O p O e ~O/~KHO He~OIHyeMO c J l e ~ O B a T b 3 a c ~ o B O M. TOnbKO r rpHcoe j IHHe~u~e M C U m T ~ ( I I I ) nO~HO-- ReHHO BBO~IOIO I r p o n o B e . J ~ ( I - I I ) B R e J l o e p H T y a ~ a 0 a l ~ T y a - / / H 3 H p ~ e e co~e~3x~HHew K O H K ~ T H O ~ B H s ~ a ~ eI~o c ~THM ~ a c o M H 9THM MeCTOM. 0 T C ~ q e H H ~ MO//HTBM OT ~epBbE~ ~ B ~ X ~ a C T e R n p H B O ~ T K O I ~ H H ~ e H H I 0 3Ha~eHI~K C ~ HCK//10~HTe~/b-- HO n H T e p a T y p H U M H p ~ 4 . K ~ H .

O 0 p a ~ a e T Ha c e 0 ~ ~H~4aHHe KOnHVecTBeHHoe cOOTHOme- HHe ~ a c T e ~ C 3 ~ ( I : I I : I I I ) o B CHHO~U~bHOM c n ~ c ~ e o H o 0r~3xo K 4 ~ 3 : 2 (B cTpaHH~HOM ~C~Cme~ 33[168a-184a] : 2211845-195a] : 1611955-203a]) HnH X 3 : 2 : I ~ npH ~S~R-- THH "CHMBC~a B~I~# OTCyTCTB~I0~eI'O B HeKOTO~:blX C~CKaX~ COOTHO~eHHe npHO0p~Ta~T BH31 4 : 3 : 1. 3Ta T~eHHa~# ~ p a B I ~ I ~ H O Op~aHH3OBaHHaE KOMrlO3H~HR H H C X O ~ e ~ ' O ( " y 0 ~ C - - T p H ~ e P O C R " ) T H n a n o ~ y ~ a e T OCO0h~R C.~C~I n p H COOTHeCeHHH -- CO C~BH~OM (B ~CTHOCTH) -- e~ ~acTeR c ~a~aMl~ pa3Bep- TI~BaHHR HaH0031e~ OO~HX CM~CJ:,OBbDCKOHCTpyK~HR H CO C)4~- HOR ~aHpOB~X (H~ c~e~OBaTe~bHO# OT~aCTH H CTIC~HCTH~ec-- KIIX) THnOB. Cp., C O~HOR CTOpOH~, I) ~apCTBO ~aKOHa (MoHceR)-~ 2) UapCCBO 0~a~O~aTH (XpHCTOC, Ha~a31o xpHc-- THaHCTBa)-~ 3) ~pHo0~HH~ pyCCKHX K ~apCTBy 0~lal'o~aTH (KHRSb B~a~H~u~p) H, c~Ipy~oR CTOpOH~, 1) CJIOBO (X)-~ 2) noxBa~a (II)-)- 3) MOnHT~a (III)• HepBaR H3 ~THX ~O-- CJIe~OBaTP-JIbHOCTeR onHc~BaeT nyT~ DpHO0~eHHR K 0~aro~a- TH OT ~a31~He~o B nDocTpaHcTB~ H BpeMeHH H ~Sr~O~O (H3pa- H31~) K 0F, H3KOMy (nOqTH COB~a~la~leMy C aBTOpCKHM BpeMe-- HeM) H caoeMy (p¥ccKaR 3eJ4nR npH Bna;IHM~pe). ~O Mepe BM3110qeHHR B H~py Kpynt"U~X TeKCTOB~IX Macc Bo3paCTaeT ~H- ep~eTH~ecKaH HanpR)KeHHocTb C3B, H ~a~j~aR nocJlej15a0~aR qaCT~ CTaHOBHTC~ Bee Oonee H 0o~ee ~KTya3I~HOR TeMaTH~e-- CKH. BTOpaR nOC31P.;IoBaTenSHOCT5 ~HKCHpyeT TpH CTyneHH ~O~eMa ~O ~eCTHH~e ~aHpOB: "HeRTpaJlhHOe" C~IOBO (DpOp~B H3~qeCTBa# yCTaHOB~eHHe 3aKOHa H TeM CaMh~4 O n p a B~ a- H H e $~ Hy~eRcTBa)--)-noxBa31a (KHR3~ BJIR~HMHpy, npHO0~IHB- ~eMy pyCCKHX K nyTH c~aCeHHR}-~MO~HT~a (BO~7, KOTOph~t RBJIeHHeM XpHCTa OTKpM31 ~yT~ cnaceHHR) o He~OnHOe coB~a- ~eHHe ~a3 ~BI~KeHHR T~MI~ B qaCTHOCTH~ ee B~CJ~4X CMbIC-- ~OB~ H ~a3 pa3BepT~BaHHR KOMrlO3H~HOHH/~X MaCC ~pHBO~T K H3BeCTHOR aCHMMeTpHH~ C~BH~y O~HO~O TU1aHa OTHOCHTeJIb-- HO D.pyPO~O. ~O~TOMy HaH00~ee BepORTHOR ~OpMy~OR MaKpo- KOMnO3H~HH cne~TeT CqHTaT~ He I &II &III, a (I & II} & III, ~e I & II npOTHBO~OCTaB~H~ III KaK "~;HTepaTypHOe" --"pHTya31~HOMy" (KaK C~OBO-- ~e31yt H00 C~OBO MO~HTB~ nep~op~aTHBHO: OHO H eCT~ CaMO ~e~O B nepBs~0 o~epe~b). TaKoe ~OHHMaHH~ KoMrlO~H~HOHHOR CTpyKTyp~ CO~aCOBaJlOCb 5~ BepORTHO~ C HCTOpHeR TeKCTa C3B, C "saBep~a~HM" TeKCT nO~K3110qeHHeMMO~HTB~ (BO3MOEHO# H B C~eCTBeHHO 0onee no3~Hee BpeMR). 3h00Ol~blTHO# qTO CXO~H/=IR ~e npHHIIHrl MO~eT 0~Tb yCMOTpeH H B 50~b~OM ~HC~e MHKpOKOMIIO3H~HOH-- H~IX CXeM, ~e TpH 3~aMeHTa -- I) "TbMa HeBepHR" (OTCyT-

"C~o6o o 3GKO~e U 6~uEodczmu" 39

C T " x e 3 a ~ o x a , K 3 ~ H ~ : H ) , 2 ) 3 a K o H ( s ~ e x ) H 3) 5 . , a . z ' o - .~aTb ( x p H c T H a H c T B O ) - - a p a _,-~_py~TC~ B B ~ e ~ y x a ~ e - TpH~m:ZX CXeM. Ec. rm cTepxHO~:m~ ~ B J L q e T c ~ nO H ~T H e " o n ' p a B - ~tHHRm# TO CXeM;~ npHHHMaeT ~H~ I & (2 & 3); eC/~H B OCHO- By KJla~eTCR ZIOHRTHe "CnaCeHH~", TO: (I & 2) & 3.

HaKOHe~e H B e C b TeKcT C3B "npO~n4T" (H qP, M OTBeTCT-- B e H H e e B KOMIIO3HIIHOHHOM r ~ a H e , TeM 5 o / l e e o q e B H ~ H O ) or~- pe~eJ1eHHbO4H 3HaXaMH (B TOM ~HCJIe H xaHpOFKa3y~O4~), ,I~R~ILMI4 IIpP_.~CT~IB3IeHHe O JIHHHR[X CBRSeR B T e K C T e # B ~zacT-- HOCTH# HR K O M I 1 0 3 ~ O H H O M 5~DOBHe. HecKo3I]bKO rlpR[MepoB. CaM~I x o H e ~ I(183a-184a), npe~cTaB~ co5o~ ~eewoH H3 Hca~ H IIcaJIT~CpHa Hac~eH pR~OM CJ10B • KOTO~e K~LK

3a~U0T TeMy B BH~e COOTBeTCTBy~0~X MOTHBOR q;~CTH II, HRqHHaI0~eRc~ CBOeI~O po~a "napa~oM" ~THX MOTH~OB (1845-- 1855). Cpe~ m~x :cecz~u, c~aeu, no~:~o~e~ue, 3e#b~R, cm~- ~u, 9~ R3~U, .n~oOu, C p , TaK~e pasH~e cnocoS~ B~pa~eHH~ ~HTy3Ha3Ma (~e~V~ eece~mbcR# pGOOeCZ~bCR~ eoc~1~NGm~ PL4ec~um~ pyKGJ4U H T.n.) IH 3HaK OSoS~eHHOCTH-COSHpaTeJ~-- HOCTH (6eCD# 6CRK~). C~ I10~ ~THM y~'3~OM 3peHHE KOHe~ I:

14 C~>5~CT~>C~ m HaC~ PG 3 ~ 111 ~" peqeHoe .., , p~ '~" B C • I

M H ~-a 3 ~ K M H Oy3p£Tb B C H MOH*~H 3 e M 31 ~k o.. MH~

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~ e nneMeHa H ~3~UH ... J 1 ~ e ~e ... ~ e [

BCH. ~a B~sBeceJ1aTC~ H B1~3pay I ~TCA

Pa3~H, H BCH ~ 3 , - 1 ~ H B~Icn~e~Te p&KaM~° H

B~CKJ~I KH~Te 5-'& ~J1aCOM panOCTH . . . l ~ b

n o J H T e . I-¢XO U"Pb a c e H S e M n H O"~. I n o H T e

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e T b F, MeHH TBOP, M~ e . . H xBaJIHTQ ~--~ B C H I

~ s u ~ x . ~ n o x a a ~ x T e B o x ~ l ~ ' i e . . . x a a . ~ -

. o ~ r--~e. ~ [ c o . ~ , . a m , . c ~ . M . ~ s , - , ~ , - , F ~ . I Ha~ HeSecM c ~ a B ~ e~O . • • TaKo H X B a I 3I a TBoa

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3 eMnH ... H ~a no3xaeMb Ha 3elMJ1X naT~ TBOH.

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M b Q T ~ H . H BCH J l l 0 ~ e .,. ;~a xBaJl~kTb HM~

40 B.H. Tonopo~

r'-He . , , I ;OC .~XL~ iHTe M e i l e ~ l o ~ I ~ . e MOH . . , H ~ MOH

H ~ I ~ I Z O ~ I ' ~ n ~ 0 T ~ . H T~ ~re C31OB;~--MOTHB~# H~[HHaJ~ X B ~ I ~ (C~OB~ ~TOZ~) ~Op~H OCO0~HHO O O H ~ H ~ B n e p ~ x

~ p ~ I I ~ B ~Z~L~HOCTH~ C ~ T~KC~ O T K ~ I B a e T C ~ C~OBOM X~a.a~mb, ~zTo :~(~n.~KHO - o c n p H H ~ a T b c s x a x c ~ o e r o p o ~ a ~ a - ~ a H H e Ha ~ a H p , t a C T ~ I I ) :

. . . n o x ~ a n H M ~ x e H m . . . ~ n o x a a n a M H

. . . B e n ~ K a a r o x a l r a H a , ~ a ~ e a s e ~ n H B o n o ~ e l p a . . ,

C H a :Ice c J1 a B H 8 a I ~ O C B A T O C J I a B 8 H~:OC.r/KI~a , , , , a~b

c ~ p a l e a x ~ ~ , o r a ~ " . . . ~ c . n o ~ a ~ . - , s e a ~ x a n ~ o o

H ~ e B~ I ; IoMa H ~ a e C T ~ . B C t MH ~eTMpbMH KOHUH

e ~ H o n e p ~ e I ~ b ~ a ~ 3 e M n ~ c s o e ~ , n o ~ o p ~ I a ~ no~r~

c ~ WKpaV~H~a C T p a l H ~ . . . ~ 3 e ~ n ~ I c B o ~ n a c a m y

- - I I

p a y H c A , , , H D ~ 3 p HC~ H B ~ ~ B e C ~ H C A , , ,

~ a ~ o n o ~ a l . , ~ m ~ r c A m , ~ e . ~ er 'o . . . ~ x a a ~ x a ~

. . . w ~ - n ~ a e M ' , [ 1 9 2 a - 1 9 3 a ] ) .

I I o ~ o S m ~ x e npx4eM c K p e n n e H ~ - o T c b m o x , a T a x x e y K a 3 a - HHR Ha xaHpOByI0 n p ~ p o ~ y c .ue~y~0~en q a c T H MOXHO n o ~ o ~ p e - B a T h ~ ~ U S K o e ~ a "rI - - x a q a . u a Z Z I ( 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 6 a ) . C p . TeMu M O ~ H T B " , C O~HO, cTOpOH--." " . . . . O M O n . C A W seJMrr~ c z o e S . ~ w m0ne~ ' . . . n a , ~ e x e n o M o n ~ c a w ~ ' ~ t Jl T B O - ~J~b # (CaM KOHe~ I T n p e ~ O T a B J I ~ e T c o 0 o R e n o CyTH J I e J l a e ~ n p o r p a ~ W MOnHTD,-~, C p , T a K x e n o c n e ~ H e e r . n o B o Z I -- Mo . ) Ha O ~ ) y l ' O ~ CTOpOI- I~# e M O J I H M ~ b o , o M O J I H M ~ b , , H B Ha.~ane T I I . n o ~ e a ~ e H H ~ e H n a n e e : " M O T I H M T H C A , , ,

p a n o c T b ITSOPA ~ . . . m n - ~ . a M . M o n e l . l e ~ . . . .

"C~oeo 0 3aKo~e u d.~o~odamu" 41

H H ~ e p e c ~ o , ,zTo c y ~ e c T B p e T p . . ~ n e p m o m ~ e ~ : K Me.~r~y H a - • ~ a n ~ , m a ~ , ~ a c T m ~ Z ( 1 6 8 a - 1 6 8 0 ) ~ ZZZ ( 1 9 5 0 ) • a n a v o ~ a p s ~OTOI:~=IM UMOJI~TBa~ ~ h l C T p / T ~ T l~aK O,1~,Ha H9 ~ac~L'e~ e ~ H H-- o z, o T e ~ C T a . C p . cxe.,,W= " o . . F ~ r ~ c n o B e H ~ ~'g "6~ . . . C ~ T ] ~ o p ~ ~sSaa..-leH'~.e I n ~ 0 ~ I e M b C ~ O ~ M ' b . . . He r i p e I s p t n o x o ~ u ~ T B a p ~ ~ B o e a I ~ n o . u ~ c I( ,,I ~ ~ ~ Mpa~oM'b

~ X O n p H I 3 p A n p H s p H Ha ~ l ~ o n H C B O a . . . HI~J Ca~4"b c-'~'ce H~...", ~IO= ~ Hal~b o.o H IIpH~aCTHEK~ TBO~ [

. . . s c ~ , o p r - . • s ~ n z , ~ s :a o n o c n y ~x e s ~. a . . . . e ,,1 c ~ a - BH xac~b . , . He w B e p 3 x xac~ . . . ~ , u ~ o ~ ' i e T BO x . . , c n c H o Y ~ e ~ p H , n p H J 3 p x " e e o •

K O M n O ~ O H H ~ t n p X H u ~ n o p r a H ~ 3 ~ I m ~ ~ x p y n ~ u c ~ a c - T e 8 C 3 B , x a ~ ~ e y n c ~ a . u o c b , "/ 'ecHo c B ~ 3 a ~ c T p e x q a c T . . - ~oR K o m . t e n l ~ e S , COOTHOCm~o~ C TpOSeO~t BpeMenHO~ cxeMo~Iz ~pe~t~ B e T x o s a ~ e T H o e , ~pe~u~ u o ~ o ~ a n e T e o e , B p m ~ Hbme.U~-- Hee (XZ ~ . ) . 97 BHe COOTHeCeHH~ C BpeMexeM g3~=wecT~a ~ p e ~ B e T x o 3 a ~ e T H o e ~ B p e ~ HOBO~a~eTHOe ~ a H ~ B C 3 5 ~ e - p l ~ l : )a s J l H ~ H(~ • a ]~p~ht~ HOBO~aB(~THO(~ H Bpe~FJ[ H/nlH(~I~- s e e q e p e ~ T o ~ ;I e c T s o , KOTOpO(~ e O~H~U~O • ~ HeKOTO-- pt~x .Uo n o p ~ c~p~J~o, r~o B npHm.mne O O H a p y x ~ O . s° l l o e T o ~ COOT~O~eH~e T o ~ u e c ~ a a ~ p a s n ~ u , J ~ o 0 p a s y e T c T e p x e ~ b , B o - ~ p y ~ ' KOTOI)OrO BO~)BO~R[TC~/ H~eI~H~(~ HCTOpHOCO~)CKO-peJIHFH-- o = ~ e K O H ~ e n u ~ H , n e p e , u a B a e ~ e COOTBeTCTBpI01ZUi~H Cpe~ICT- ~ a ~ x o ~ n o = m ~ H O H ~ O r O y p O B H ~ . I ~ u a p ~ o H = a a o p o x e H n e p ~ n e - THSI~H H r l ~ l TO:~ IeCTBa H p a ~ n r ~ l l ~ , npaBHa'la KOTOpOR OH y - CBOIOI H KOTO~N~H OH I'OTOB OXOTHO rlO~[Ie3IHTI=CE. 0KS~J~BSeT- CJI# B c e C~OXHee# qeM ~)TO MOXeT l~pe~CTaBHTb c e S e He r l p o - O ~ G ~ ] ~ e H ~ CB~TOM HCTHH~ ~ 4 . ~ a TO]r~IeCTBOM I~pOIOTC.,~ HHO~-- ~ a p a ~ . ~ 3 ~ : I ~ a. ~ a I I O C J I ~ I H ~ H e l : ) e , ~ o O O H a p y Z H B a ~ T c ~ TO~K~eCTBO. Hy~HO y M e T b :3a ~ ~I H ~ bl M Ha I IOBepxHocTH ~-- B ~ e T b p a s H O e B r n y ~ , ~ e H s a p a 3 HH M Ha r lOB~pXHO- CTH -- e ~ H H O e B r~yC>~He. H e o 0 x o ~ o ~ H a T b , XaK H B qP~4 BpeM~ MOX(~T C I ~ B ~ T b (I~IH n~OR[CH~IT]b) HCTHH~ H KaKHM o 0 p a 3 o M c H ~ a e T C ~ et',o n o K p o n H ~OCCTaH~B3IHBaeTc~ IIOjII-- • [HHH~UI pea3 IbHOCTb (.1~a~e ec.JIH oHa l~a~eTc~ n a p a ~ I o K c a ~ I b - s o n ) . "

Ho y ~ e c a ~ a ~ a c n o x . o c ~ b o = s a u e . . n , c o e ~ s s ~ x ~ o , q T o ~ a ~ e T c = H e c o e . m m m ~ , c n ~ e ' 1 ' e . n b c T ~ y e T o T o ~ , ~ o

C e TaK ~ n ~ ~ H a ~ e c B ~ ~ a H O ,. COOTHOC~MO, n a p a ~ . u e n b - HO, B U m O ~ O O~HO H~ 3IPyC'OrO, n o 3 H a B a e M O o HM(~HHO OTCI0- ~ a - TR H(~CKO~bKO HaHBH8~[ p~U, OCT~b ~r~HSBRHHR[--I;O~H~HHR[~ OTKI:~ITHH~ yCTaHOB3IeHHR c B ~ e ~ # n e p e x o ~ o B , p a 3 H ~ X H n o - c T a c e R H T . n . , XOTOpaJ~ TaK x a p a l ~ T e p H a ~ C3B H TaK IIO,~KFI'Ia]0~ ~ e ~ c T B y e T Ha ~[HTaTeJIR. KOMIIO3HI~HR H B ~HR~IH-- T e n b H O ~ c T e n e H H o0~'P..r~aB.r/HBaeMa.R el0 CTIUIHCTHKa n e p B o ~ l qaCTH ( ' r ) C35 n y ~ e a c e r o n o ~ I T a e p x ~ l a e ¢ c ~ a s a H H o e .

l~eHTpa3IbH~4 H o n p e ~ ~ M B "r ~ B ~ e T C ~ n p o ~ n o n o -

42 B.E. Tonopoe

cTaB.ueHHe 3a~o~a H 6~u~oOumu (H HCTHHH), c~xD~Fr~pOaaH- HOe S~Ke ~ sa~aBHH~

0 3aXOHI~ M~VC~OM~ nas~J~, s ~ 5n'-~on~T~

. i c ~ i ~ xp.cro~r~ ~m~i~ (sict). xa~o sa~o~

p a s B e p H y T O e BO ~ c e R nCUlHOTe o S p a 3 o B B T e K C T ~ I . H.r~-- THBonocTaB.neHHe 3aKoHF HeKoero HOBOI'O COCTOHHHSt o3Ha- MeHOBaHHOI'O COTBOpeHH~.M uHOBOI'OU qeJloBeKaa ~ Bl~,~e HaMe-- KOB BHCTynaeT yze y H p o p o K o B ; cp. He3eK. XXXVII:26 H OCOSeHHO HepeM. XXXI:31-33 (UBOT HaCTynaJ0T ~HH, I'OBO-- p~T ~OCnO~lbl Korea H ~aKT~E)~ C ~OMOM H~paH/L~ H C ~OMOM HF~ HOBh~t 3aBeT, -- He TaKOR 3aB~Tw KaKoR E 3aK;D0~Ul O OT~I~ HX * . ~ HO ROT 3aB~T# . . . Z~ODOpHT I '~oCnO~b= B~O~

a K O H MOR BO BHFTpeHHOCTb HX H Ha cep~lax Hx HanH~r el-o ..."). BeTXO3aBeTHLIe TeKCT~], H3OSH/D~'z~esrrIoMHHaHH--

saKoHaa ~ CP..M5 pas CCbUIE~0T~q Ha 6~aroAaTb, ~oTo- pa~t cTpo~o l~OBOpHe HHKaK H~ COOTHOCHTC~ C 3aKOHOM (xa- paxTepH~e KOHTeKCT~-- " ~ O C ~ O ~ ~aeT 6naro~aTb H cnaBy", NcanTo LXXXIZI=12; cp. TaM Ee XLIV=3; ~pHTqH VIII:35; XVIII:22; ~Kx~eo. X:12; 3axap. IV:7; XII=10). B HOBO-- ~aBerHbu~ TeKOTaX no~o~eHHe I :~3KO MeHSeTC~: XOTE CCIg.~KH Ha 3axoH no-npe~HeMy~acr~ (Hx ~a~e HecKo~KO 50~e, ~eM B BeTXO3aBeTHOR F.HTepaType)# ynOMHHaHH~ 5~a~O~aTH C ~ b H O BospaCTal0T KOJIHqecTBeHHO (HI: HeCKO~bXO M e H e e COTHH) e CaMO n O H ~ T H e H p H O O p e T a e T 0 o ~ e e T O t H e R H c n e I ~ H a - /~3HpOBaHHIn~ Cb~C~ H~ ~aBHO~ ~OpMId~T~H TO ~pOTHBO- nOCTaB~aHHe SaKOHa H 5~al'O~aTH, Ha KOTOpOM CTPOHTCE no~xe H cgB. Cp. Km0~eBoe ~ C3B MeCTOZ "HSO ~ a X O H

~aH qpe3 MoHces, 5~aP O A a T~ ~ e H HC T H Ha ~pOH30- q~)~3 HHCyC@ XpHCTa", HOo I:17 (COSCTBeHHO, HMeHHO

9Ta ~pa3a H ~erna B OCHOBF 3a~naB~,s C35; OHa ~e ~OBTO-- peHa 170a, He~ocp~ICTB~HHO ~ p e ~ BRe~IeHHeMHIIOCTaCH~X oSPa3oB 3aKoHa H 5~a~O~aTH); C p . TaK ~e= "qTO ~e~ cTa-- H~M /IH PpeI~HTS~ ~OTOMSr qTO L~I He ~O~ 3 a K O H O M~ a ~o~ 5~ a ~ o~ aT H~?" -- PHM;I. VI~15; "HSO H AO S a K o- H a ~pex 5~u; ~ MHpe; HO rpex He BMeHReTCR, Ko~a HeT S aKOH a.o. Ho ~ap 5~a~oAaTH He xaK ~peCTyzUZeHHO , . , 5 n a ~ o ~ a T b BOSUNS H ~ap no 5naroAaTH . o . n p e - H35MTO~eCTByIOT ~ MHOPHX" e PHMTI. V~13,15; "He OTBep- ~a~ ~a~oAaTH So,HeRo A ecJlH ~aKo H OM or~aB~a- HH~, TO XpHCTOC Ha~paCHO yMep", ~a~laT. II:21; I°~ "B~, onpaB~ma~u~e c e S s s a K o H O M, ocTa.uHc~ ~e3 XpHcTa, oT~a~H OT 5~a~o~aTH", ~a~aT. V:4. I°~ Hp~dep~, no- ~05Ht~e nOCJIe~H~M~, ~OCIIyRKH~H O~HI~4 HS HCTOqHHKOB l~lOC- TaCHOPO oSpa~a O~arO~aTH -- XpHCTa~ o~le xapaxTepHee OT-- pMBKH PHM~Io V:12-21 - ~l~'~Kn~o ZI=7,11, B ~OTOI~X ~Op-- MHpyeTCE npOTHBOnOCTaB~eHHe XpHCTa BeTXOMy qe21oBeKy,

"C~oeo o 3u~o~e u 6vzaEoOumu" 43

• :OTOpUM z - p e x Bome.U ~ MHp, AIIaMY (XOTR CaMO STO HM.q H e Ha3Bardo) o H n o c T a C H o c T b 3 a x o H a H ~ n a r o ~ a T H ~ C3B '~OC.XO- , I ~ T HMeHHO K ~TOR T p a J I H I ~ H .

HO l~:)e..~tle qe.M p a s B e p H y T b E a p T H H F HIIOCTSCHOrO IIpOTH-- BOrlOCTaB.U.eI-IH.q STHX HOHETHR, H .qap~oH o ~ e H H B a e T ~ OTHO-- IzleHHe B n e p o r l e E T H B e a KOTOpyl0 MOXI-IO ~ ' I O 6bl H a 3 B a T b WHOTOpHKO-'I lpOI~ICJI~TeJIbHO~", B ~TOM p~tKSvpce II]:K)THBOIIO-- O T a B n e H H e n O r T H CNHMaeTC.q~ 3aKOH H ~urlal'O~aT]b CTaraOB~T-- C= B c e r o m m m p a s m ~ m cTa.~--m~m p e m ~ r H o s H o z , o n o s s a s m ~ ; B ~ a E O H 8 n o , ~ q e p K H B a e T c ~ TOe ~ T ~ nO~I 'OTOBI~IO I I p H x o ~ 5 .ua ro~uaTH; B 6 n a r o ; I a T H - - T o , ~ e M o s a n p o ~ n c u ~ x a e e H p a ~ B H B a e T saI~OH. C,FIe~OBaT~TEbROt OTHOIIIeHHe HX HO CBO,I~-- HTCfI TO/II~KO E IlpOTILBOCT~OKHRfl0 ( a = b ) • HO BKJII0~aeT H H~ez0 I z p e e ~ G T B a , Ha~/Ie~DBaHIL~I ( a -~- b -)" o . o ) ."

n o n o m z I s a z ( o z ~ . , x a ' ' n p o o y z - o ~ o a a H l e ~ZCTZ~ I H t H 5.1q r T H . . U . a BI> ;He,,~b Z0~l] XHeTb q.r lqbCKO e C T ~ -

C~aO • . . ,~, e,m~w,',,ro 0-"~ - ~ , P o l - a : ~ . ,ua ~ K o c ' ~ c a . ~

5~'X ~ O ~ T H ~ I iCTHH~. HCT~Ha xe H 5n ~Tb c~oy~a

5oy~y~ eMy z ~K ObV, XH 13HH HeT~H'H~H (169a).

BBe~ ~TOT acHeKT WHCTOpH~ecKoR" OTHOCHTe~HOCTH ~aKoHa H O~aPo~aTH~ 10s aBTOp HaMepOHHO cy~HBaoT paMKH TaKHM oSpa3OM~ qTO aKTya~bH~M CTaHOBHTC~ rf~OTHBO~OCTa-- BneHHe, Max 5H H~AToe H3 BceR ~epC~eKZH~ H OT~aeTcE TOR "Xy~O~ecTBeHHOR" ~o~HKe aHTHTeTH3Ma~ KOTOpa~ TaK xapa_~TepHa ~ C3BI "H ~T~ oYcnk sal,OH~o q~o ~H 5~r~r~, np~ e sa.o ~. no ~o~ ~a£%~ lnPtX~ HI~# or*a l l , - , z~z n o T o ~ [ z ~ z m a " ( 1 7 0 a ) , - - ~opMy~mpyeTc~Z ~ ~TOM n e p B o M B CBB n p H c ~ y r ~ e " X y ~ [ o ~ e C T B e H H O I ' O " ~ OI lp~[~ ,R30I~eM ~HaqHTe3~H~0 qacTb Io

C J l e ~ He~OC~%~CTBeHHO 3a 3THM nepexo~ K H~OCTaC-- HOlY FpOB~0 no~zu0qa~T H3BeCTH~R ~nH30~ H~ KHHPH B~ZTHE, pasBepT~maeM~R ~ C3~ KaK oTpa~eHHe HCTOpRH B~aHMOOTHO- ~eHHR ~aKoHa H 5~aPO~aTH (Cp. TOT ~e xo~ "np~zTe -- TH nO TOM~", ~TO H R 9p~.r~a."~eR ~pa3e):

• Spa3~ ~e saKoHa [ H 5 ~ o ~ T~. arap~ H cap'pa, i"

pa 15oTHaa np~e. TH noTo~ I cBoSonHaa ... H ~ OySO

noc~aTH. H T~M~ 5 ~ P T • ~BHTHC~ • o • (170a)

44 ~.H. Tonopoe

-- H nocne coaeTa CappBABpaa~y BORTH X ArapH (cp.B~THe X V I = 2 ) :

H a 3 e M / ~ . H c ~ a C T H MHp~o I e ~ H H ~ e Ha z'Op& C H H a ~ . H

~ a ~ o " I n o , o ~ . . . ( 170o , c n p o = o . ~ e . . e . . ~ : )

c~H~u.e Ha CHHaH.

~apannansH~Rp~oSpa~o~ npo~o~KaeT pa3BepT~BaTbC~ H ~aJr~ee:

p o ~ = e a ~ a l ~ 5 paSao ~ anpaa~pa0apolo.,m~. Hape?aBpab~b H I I ~ eMy H3MaH31~o H 3 H e c e = e ~ H M~VCEH

CHHaHCK~a ~Op~ I 3 a KO H~o a He ~ PT 5• C T~ H5

a He lHcTHH& . o . Tor~a oySo ~m0qH~o~ecHa cap'-

pHHa. I H 3aqeHb~H po~ HcaaKa CBOSO~bHaa CBOSO~--

HaRPO . . . H ~OD~dC~ 0~ ~T ~, HCTHHa a He 3 a KO H~.

CH---~ a He I paS~° i aKo ~oHca£ GTpO~ I ~caaKb. H

0y~p~. C~T~OIpH aBpaa~b ~OCTHTB& Be31H[KOy. erda T • n o H c a ~caaK~ CHb l ero. erna Ot~-~ Ha 3e~nH H e~e l

He Oy O n b oy~p~n~na o ~ l a ~ e . . ~ n o m m e c a . . .

0~a ~ctM~ ~-~o~rb... (1705-1715).

0CHOBHOe n p o ~ H B o n o c T a B n e e ~ e s a K o n a H ~ n a r ' o ~ a T ~ o S p a c T a - e T ~ y 0 n w p y ~ 0 ~ H x napaMH= H e TOn~KO A r a p ~ ~ C a p p a , p a - ~OTHaR H CBO~O~Ha~e p~ H C~ZHt HSMaH31H HcaaKt TeHb H HCTHHa e HO H Z~'~eH H XpHCTHaHee or~aB~aHHe H CnaCeHHe# oSpegaHHe H ~pe~eHHe, nyHa H CC01H~e# MpaK H 3apE, HOq-- HOR XO~O~ H co~eqHoe TerLuO, oeR MHp H 5y~HR BeK, 3~dHOe H HeSecHoew TeCHOTa H ~pOCTpaHCTBOr CKy~OCTb H ~e~pOCTb, cTpax H/n05OB~e ~eBoe (KpHBoe) H npaBoot Ma- HaccHfi H E~pe~, Ma~u~ H BemHKHR, MeHb~U&R H 5Onb~HRt BeTXHR H HOBMRe CTap~ H ~H~Rt O~HO MeCTO H BC~ Sebtr~ w COMp~aT~CS Z! pacr~O~4TbCS~ CSrum H pOCa/~O~be COXHyT5 H HaBO~HHT~CS~ OTXO~T~ H ~pH~3DL~aT~CSo BeTxHe MeXH H HOB~e ~H0~H H To~o I0~ Cp. ~HI~ He~O~SDD~0 qaCT~ ~TOR aH-- THTeT.~ecKoR x a p T m . ~

H .p--~elH~e 6na~o~aT~Hoe OSHnHMO I 5aa~e

oSp~saH~a sa~oHblHaa~o (172a); 0THee 50 CB~T~

"C~oeo o 3u~o~¢ u 6~ueoOum~" 45

~ , ~ ~ s~c~,~. , , . I -a~o ~ ~a~o,,.~. ~ . ~ 1

T~ s e M m 0 c ' o r p ~ . H oYl~e He r ~ p ~ . - ~ T c a ~ sa~ou~l ~n~J~CT~O. ~rb ~ ~--Z'O~T~ n p o c T p ~ o xo~T~, iv~ 5o I

rrpH ¢B~UUTH 3aKo~'HtH n~l=aaxa caoe o.paB~aH~o X l ~ j

(173a); ... Ha O~eTb calma .a px.~ ~ o .o Bc~I

3eJ4n~ poca °.. ~aKoH~ ~e ... no ace~ I xe seJ4nH

poca. no BCeH ~e seIM~m atpa npOCTpt¢~. ~ ~f-r~-

~Tmm mSpocH ... (175a)~ ~tno 50 5t nS"~-~o~aTH i iC ~

cnosec, rm0. sssa sosaaro oy~es~a 5n~ I sa. a~

M ~ ~ , ~ . m~T~ImaB~,,H s~ ± v n e c T ~ . lame ~m. ~ o

n p o c a n a T c A ~ , l c ~ H B ~ s o . n p o n t e T c a . s e No I r ' ~ e ~ o

s a K o H a C T t ~ o y n e l P x a T R . H o M e o r a . w ~ ~r.UOnOIM'b n o ~ n a -

~ B m e c A . ~ a ~ o H I C T x H ~ a m ~ ¢ ~ o y ~ e p x a T b l o y q e H ~ e

s ~ p ~ 5 0 5 n ~ ' ~ H a a n o B c e ~ npocTp~c. . .a . . . H ~al ~ o ~ ' H o e e s e p o n p t c - o m e , ev~Jnbc~ = e H c = o ~ . ~ = ~

H a a o J n s x a c ~ . . . ( 1 8 0 a - 1 8 0 ~ ) H T . n .

0 ~ e M n O ~ O ~ I - I I ~ ~vnp~KHeHH~ B aHTHTeTH~Me CTOn~ ~ H a ~ H T e - n e H (Bo B a ~ O M c ,uy 'qae a n e p a o R n o n o a H H e I , T . e . ~ 6 9 a - ~ 7 4 a ) , ~TO a e c b y K a s a H m ~ t ~ p a r ~ e H T p a c n a ~ a e T a ~ n o t c h 5 e 3 o c T a T ~ a Ha ~ a a n o ~ T e K c T a -- 3 a ~ o H a ~ ~ n a r ' o ~ a T ~ . , x a ~ - , ~ ~ ~OTOp~X HMee¢ c s o ~ ocoSr~u~ noKa.,'IbHl~R c .~oBaob H HaBeHTapb no~THqecKHx oSpa~OBo F.m0qeB~e C.noBa(sG~0H H Oc05eHHO 6~u~odGm~) STOR qaCTH C~B B MOH~eIITya31~HOM rLuaHe BMeCTe ¢ TeMBMCT~naIOT KaK RJ~O, BOKpyP KOTOpOPo pa3Bopa~BaeTcR oSpa~HaE CTpyKTypa, 0~HOR H~ OcOSeH-- HOCTeR STOR CTpFKTFpI~ RBnReTCE H~BeCTH~J~ e e p a ~ M ~- T O C T ~, RO~HHKS/0~aR B pe3y~bTaTe MHO~OKpaTHO~O ynOT- pe0neHHE MeTOHHMHqeCKF~¢ XO~OB H CBR~aHH~X C HHM~ Ce- MaHTHqeCKHX C~BH~OB~ KOTO~e~ H&Kar~IHBaRCb H TpaHC~Op- M~pFRC5 B OOpa3HOM none TeKCTa, npHBO~T HHOP~a K NO- BOn~HO C M ~ H HeOZU~aHm~aoOpa~aM. Cp. np~Mep, oOHa-- p~B~0~HR MeXaHH3MI~O~eHHR nO~OOHMX o0pa~oB!

iaKo ~OHC£ oYrpO~ I ~ C a a K ~ * H oyKp~n~, c~-

TBolPH aapaa~b ~OOTHT~& Be;mIKoY. e~a ~n oH C *

46 B.~.Tonopoe

oyx 'p t .mu 'm 5 A J a m e . H'b . n o ~ , - e c A . . . ( 1 7 1 6 ) ,

T . e . # O~pa:3 BGKOI~I,~'IeHHO~ Fpy.D,.lbI0 ~ a r ' o , ~ a T x ~ c p . e m e : "H s a ~ : o x ' b ~ o c e ~ x o s e ~ q e p r a ~ s a p ~ n o r ' a c e " (179a), T.e. -- B HKcnHIHxaz~HH -- Heqepe~H HapH raCHeT --~ SaKOH raCH~T. ~OnCUIHHTe/LbH~e npejmOC~JlKl~ K CO3~aHH]0 TaKOR CnOCOSCTB~eR nOpOX~eHH]00SpaBOB ~TO~'O THIIa CH-- TyaLL~IH OSHap~ZI4BalOTCH, B qaQTHOQTH, IlpH OSpaBOBaHHH npHJla~aTe~HbIX OT CJZOB 3GKO~ H 6~z~o0umb H OTHeCeHHH HX K CSru~eCTBHTe31bHI~D4e KOTOpI~e B CpaHHeHHH (HHIH B KOH-- CTpyKI~HRX THIIa Nom.Sg. [3u~o,, 6~=eoOumb] & Gen.Sg. [C31OBO, yTOXlHEI0~eQ O51~eJ4 r ~ p e ~ e z , o ] , cp. ~6AueoOamD ~pS~eHUR npH ~¢p~U4¢~Ue ~u~oO~zm~oe H T.n.) COOTHOCHTC~ C 3U~O~OR H ; ~ d.4ci+zod,',mbJo, xaK, Ha.pHMep:

~p'~e ] H~e 5~a~o~aTHoe, ~ oSp~saH~a 3aKo.b [ Haaro

(172a), ~a 5~---$'O~bT~Haa (1725), npH 5~-~O~T~H~ ~

~HL~I, IIpH CB~ITH 3aKOH'HT~I (173a), pOCJ~ 5~'--I~On~T~ I

Ha (180a), H~pa 5o 5n~bHaa, 3aKOH'HOe esepo (1800). ~0s

HaKOHe~, cJle~veT IIOMHHTb O TOM~ qTO CJIOBa 3G~OH~ H 6.qa- ~oOGm~ He paH B CHB CTaHOBHTCR oSbeKTaMl~ ~ByKOHBOSpasH-- TeJ~bPJ~X on~ToB (o HHX CMo HHEe) H qepe3 Hu~anHeJ~e 00- ~e 3ByEOB~I(~ ~HIeMeHT~I "HaMaPHHqHHalOTCH" (XOTH H qaCTH~-- HO H 311~L~b H caMOM OS~eM HR~e) B CTOpOHy HeKHHX ~OIIO31HH-- Te311~IEblX CM~ICJIOB.

TeMa 3aKOHa H 53za~o~aTH~ HHep~H~HO paHBHBaeMaR e p B O R qacTH I (168a-175a), peHxo CXO~HT CO CI~eH~l

(HpaB~a~ no3~ oHa BOHHHKaeT CHOBa~ HO 5v~e B HHOM KOH- Te~CTe) ." CHTyaI~HR B KOpHe HSMeH~JIaCb --

IvneHCTaO 00 ~p~cTa ~I 3aKOHb [ ~TH~e. ~epTB~ Henp~T- T

H~. I KHHOT~ H cKpHxa/£1~. H Wn~ICTH~O W~TO 5~¢'~. ~O

aceH l~e 3eJCq~ pOCao no BceH ~e 3elMm4 atpa npo-

~eH~a. c ~ caoa l a~ HeTn~H~e mOna~HTb (175a).

B TO paH qacTb I (175a-180a) He OTHOCHTCH K qHCHly ~eKTH~X, H 14CC~le~OBaT~H OOMqHO He OCTaHaH/~BalOT Ha HeR CBOe~O HHHMaHHH° B CaMOM ~ene, KpaCHOpQqH6 H~apHo- Ha OTCTy~IaeT 3~eGb B TeHb~ ~OHIOG ace qa~e nepe~aeTcH CBH~eTeJIbCTHaM H~ IICa~TMpH, HCaHH H~H MaT~eH, a B COS- CTBeHHOM TeKcTe oSpaHHOCTb HaMeTHO noPalzlaeTcH. Ha nep- BblR IIRaH HblCTyIIa~0T HOIIpOC~, CBHSaHHI~e C ~oPMaTHI¢OR H ~pOM~C~IHTeJIbHOR HCTOpHeR 5~laFo~aTH° TeM He MeHee, sTa

~C~oeo o 3 a x , o ~ e u 6~a~odam~" 47

'~aC'Tb J I o n z H ~ C q H T a T b c J t c a o e r o p o ~ a .uP . j~eapoM x o N n o 3 m , ~ - OHHOJt T e x r ~ K H H n a p H o H a x e r o ~HCOKOrO y ~ m c e J r m R o r o M a c - T e p c T a a . ] ~ c o K o e n O 3 T H q e o x o e H a n p . q x e H ~ e n e p B o R ~ a C T H (3aJKOH H ~ n a t ' o A a T b ) n o R e o 0 x o ; a m ~ o c ¢ ~ ;aOmCHO 0 t~no CMeH--

HTLCR HeKOTOpO~ pa3p~q~KOl~# CHRTHeM IIa~)oOa# yCTpaHeHHeM H a ~ 5 o n e e c n o x m ~ x o S p a s m ~ x C T p y x ~ y p H T . n . - - TeM ~ u e e + • ~TO B - . . ~ e . ~ y ~ e ~ ( T p e T b e ~ ) q a C T H T ; t a M e q a J I ~ nOBbU~ n o ~ ' o - eM n o ~ T ~ r q e c K o n S H e p r ~ H . H n a p R o H c - z p o H ¢ BTOpFi0 q a C T b x a x c o e m ~ m ~ T e n ~ . ~ 0 . E r o n e n ~ - - c o e n s m ~ T ~ y x e c x a a a e . o e c e m e m 4 ~ ~ b r r b c ~ a e a ~ m m t p a c c ~ a T p R a a e . ~ e ~ x a x r n a a - H o e c o ~ e p x a H H e n e u ~ T e ~ a + n p ~ u a ~ n e e m a y ~ e ~ m ~ o c o ~ u ~ C,M~cn. ~ ~)~roro l ~ p ~ o ~ r 5~ano eyXHO ~ u o n m ~ ¢ b p a s p ~ m Bo ~pe~e~m - Is n p o c T p a e c c a e Me.wuy ~onape~meM ~ n a ~ - o ~ a T ~ c a ~ s a H m ~ c ~ a ~ e ~ e ~ X p ~ C T a ~ H y T B e l n r ~ e H ~ e ~ " B ~ p ~ 0 ~ a - Z'O,I~aT~HOH" B pyCO]¢O~ BeM~e rlpH ]~TIa,E~o4Hpe. HO 9 T ~ 3IHHI, II0 H c c o p ~ e c ~ . x nepaneTr~a n o c ~ n e m ~ , ycBepx , n e m m H p a c n p o - CTl~aHelm.q 0 n a r ' o ~ l a T H H ~ a p H o H ¢ O B M e ~ a e T O ~13Pyroil 3 z H ~ P . ~ pe~IH3y~0~le~ t H33Io:KeHHe OCHOBHb~X BepoF~qB~Te.U~HUC¢ r~ ~ o r M a - Tl4~eClCl4X nOHRTH~ (CaMO o0pa~lel -LHe x Hig4 a TeKCT(a~ HMelO-

MOCT]bI0 IIZ~D~Gr3HT~ HaHOoJIe~ C3IOXH~e I'IOH.qTHR~ O KOTOpMMH Tp~j~HO 0/~.TIO OCBOHT~CR B~epa/nHHM ",KB~IlCaM ~ ) . B I.~eHTpe

nO~TH~eCXOMy (H~hr~ecKoMy) CO~HaHHI0 K~.3~lJrlHO~b n ~ p a 3 ~ o K - c a j q ~ . ~ Xa.~ p a s c TO~KH 3 p e H H R n p o 0 3 I e b ~ T c 0 r j I e c T B a H p a 3 . 1 r ~ . ~S~Ib HAeT O TpOHI~e I 4 0 0 o i - o ~ e 3 I O B e ~ e c I < o R n p H - p o n e X p H c T a . Ec , n ~ TeMa T p O m ~ BBOm~TCS ~ e p e s o 0 p a ~

I Io " laH,~x :~c ,~ eMOy" (Ho. I V : [ 2 1 - ] 2 3 ) H nl::<),u,o,n~em~ff~u~:

p e ~ ' , , , e I c.~ c H o M~, ~ c~, ~ ' ~ m I;" ~ o M ' ~ . J ~ o z e . ecT,-

no a c e ~ ~e,v.n~ I o y x e c n a ~ H T c ~ " ~ a a ¢p~.Ia. ~ I nOFJIOH,~--

H~.e npV~e.b~e ~" ~ ~ c e a T a a l p ~ . . . ( 1 7 5 a ) ~ 0 ~

Hec~o.nbxo .U~,uee: " e ~ H l m , c ~ ~ ~ ' p o ~ t , B~ .Us~ I e c T t c T ~ B t ~ " x e c T B o H ~Jr l~bCTaO" ( 1 7 6 a ) , - - TO o O p a a XpHCT~ H e r o n p H p o ; n a B~U~TC~ ~epe3 B T O p ~ 0 H n o c T a c b T p O H U ~ - 1::o1" C~H ~B JIByX e C T e C T B a X m , TP..M~ ",IIBFX eCT~CTB ~ (pa~.TIH-- ,~He B T o ~ r ~ e c T B e ) p e n l a e T c ~ c noMoatbl0 1 7 n o c ~ e ; ~ o B a T P . n ~ H o B B O ~ ABy~IIeHI-IblX KOH¢:TpyKI~HR cO CXeMOl~ "1~,1<O '~JrlKl~ . o . I~KO ~ ' ~ . . , " ~ KOTOphI(~ H o 0 p a 3 ~ 1 0 T K O M I I O 3 H ~ H O H ~ ~ e H T p ~)TOI~ T p e T H ~8(~TH Z o Cp .

e m t l m , , n m ~ ~ p o - u ~ . -~, .us~, I e c ~ s c ~ a t ~ e c ~ a o

~ ,~X~CTBO. H c n o n H b ~DiK~, n o a~,v.rrqeH'S~0. II a He n p I 4 B ~ I - - -

H~.e.M~. H'b H c n o n H ~ I '~'~ n o O~Kc'ra&. a ]ue n p o c T ' b ~e,no[

4 8 B.H. Tonopoe

HI x o q n x ~ (50 o y c p o S a MaTep~,mo J p a c T A a m e . H J m x o

HSH,ue 3:~ [ a b c T B a ~e Bl0t~r~ ~ . ~ x o ~ .n---"R "b [ Ma' repbHe

M.u'txo np~au",.,. H I m K o ~ rrpHCTaBH a r r . , ' ~ C'b .alc•l- x s n ~ T H . ! • " • HS X O '~ .U K 1~ n o s H ¢ , - ! c A a~, n e m e H ~ . H

H~ x o ~ ~nXam I sats,UO~0 a e ~ a m e . ~ K o ,~ .n x ~ !

m'b~nexe a'b ~ c , n e x " . . H ~ x o ~ I ~ ao.,'rc:a~ ,uap~

n o w l o z e s . ~ I np ' i aT 'b . ~a K o ~ "b 151Ur.aa~e I a'b e r ' v n e T - . .

H . : , c o xo=Bol eIa e r v n e ' J ~ c K a a noK.nom~l mac.A.

~ x o ~ J~x ~ np~Jcne ~a x p e l ~ e s ~ . e , i ~ o ~ ¢mp--

,~a~'b OyCTpa llm~acA m~,sapaTHc,~,, l-a K o ~z e I n o is t x ~ I

BS/4a,~I~BC.A a ~ r z t 3 e II ]sl~ BOD.&. I a ]K O ~ ~ ~"Lca n o -

n o ~ t ~ , ~ ~ c x ~ a ~ 0 m a ~ ' . I I ~ x o ~ • H u e e a 6 p a r ~

x a ~ a r a m z l n t ~ . £ a ~ o ~ a o ; ~ ~ a ~ s o n p H l n o x m .

H ~ O q ~ m~, x o p a e . r m I c ' b n a a ~ e i a ~ o ~ '~ s a n p l ; T ~

n a ~ a p ~ n p o a n e l s ~ c ~ . £ a x ~ o " 6 ~ a ~ c x p t c ~ ¢ ~ M e l P ¢ -

~U~X'b. a x o ' ~ n K b Ha men*, I m, c t , ~e , a ~ o "5"£

p a c n ~ c b OMCT~ ; ' I i a x o ~ ' ~ c a o e J 0 ~ a c T ' ~ O , c , o n p o ] -

r ~ T a a l ' ~ O C b HHM'b B~b~I~CTH I B'b p ~ H . I'a X o ~ ~ OILLTa

a'b~,~ I nm ; fcn&cTH ~ . i a X o "(5 ~ c,nsl Ie noMpa'~H ""

~e.'~P_J0 n o T p ~ c e . I HI ~ o E"h"R ~ a~ ~poS~ n o n o z e H ~ ~"g"

E'h-Ra ne~aT~t,,,a I a~ rpoSt, i a~o ~'~ ~z~e nepal

TH U ~ C~XpaHb. 1"0, E O ~ ~ K a I T~aax&~ iv~eH

OyTaHTH a ~ c x ~ ' ~ e H ' L e . M ~ s ~ e C T p a . ~ o I HI~ la K o

oy~tJ1~ca. ~ no~aal~ 5~ mo~r.'~ ~OH~H ~eMrm ... (176a-

1775, H ~a~ee xaK pes~Me:) I IOHCTHHt xTo ~ aen~ . l~

~ - o "6"~ i Hanm. T~, ec¢-- 5~. TaopaH m0l,~Ieca c 'b,~tna

ch"~eH~.e . . . ( 1 7 7 5 ) .

9 T O T c B o e o S p a s l u ~ MH~pOTpaKTaT O ";Z;ByX e c T e c T a a x " c o ~ e p -

B C ~ o e o o 3 u ~ o ~ e u d ~ a ~ o o a m ~ ~ 49

Z3~T B c e 0 e n e p e ~ c n e ~ e x m 0 ~ e ~ x MOMeHTO~ ~ 3 ~ m X p H c T a OT pO.W~Ie:HIIK ~O CMeI~TH H BO3HeCeHH~o XH3Hb H ~ d e p T ~ p a s r m , m e Mex,~y ~o~ 'o l~U~ cmo~aeTc~ B ~ o c ~ p e c e ~ (~oao~t ~ 3 H H ~ XH3I-m n o r .~epTH) • n]pe,~IcTa~B,rieHa 3,~ec]b (:e~HeR ~H-- THTe3 ( "I'~1~O ~ K ' b . . . I~,KO ~ . . . • ) , npoc r~BonocTaBneHs~e

~e o 0 p a s a X p ~ c c a . : t ° 7 I Ioc~Ie To%'o x~I~ aBTOp BBe.r/ H p~3BIOl T~MF O " ~ y X e c -

T e c T B a X ' ~ n e p e ~ I H ~ c ¢ o ~ n a 3 a . ~ a q a n e p e x o ~ I a o T 3 ¢ o a T8- . x TeMe npHo0u leHH~ XpHCTH~HCTBa Ha P ~ C H . B r /pHHiiHne

3Ta 3 & I I ~ a MOl'r/~ 0/:~.b pe/~leB~ no-pa3HOMyo .~STOp~ B e p H I ~ p ~ 3 H30paHHOM~ IIyTH ~ H T H T e T I ~ e C K O r O H300pSJKeHKR ~ I ~ O H ~ H 0 n a ~ O ~ a T H , H B ~ T o ~ M e c T e c e ~ : c c a n e n a e ~ a K u e H ¢ Ha ~ H T H T e 3 e T e x ~ e nol~qTHlto H 3 B e C T H ~ H~U~eK H~ B o 3 B p ~ l e - m~e ~ ~TO~ ¢ e ~ e c o ~ e l ~ m T c ~ y ~ e B n o c n e n H e ~ S B e H e c e p ~

c e ~ t e . ~ s ~ e c T p ~ " ) . Ho c a m X S p a K T e p n~OTHBOnO~T~J~-- 7IeHHR B 3TO~ '4aCTH p ~ I H T ~ H O MeH~eTc~I , ECJn~ p ~ H M ~ # X O ~ OI IHCH~T/aCb KapTHH~ npHCFTCTBH~FI B l~olpe 0 ~ I ~ O ~ a T H B Cl(p~rroM~ n o K 8 e ~ e He ~BTIeHHOM B H ~ 3~KOH B ~ I C T ~ t I l~al~ ~ n p e ~ T e q ~ ~ H " ~ [ p l - a ~ ( c p . ~ 6 9 ~ ) OJISI~0~I~TH~ TO n o c - 3Ie Bor~o~IeHHR 0 . u a r ~ a T H ~ y T B 6 ~ e H H ~ ~ H C T H ~ H C T B ~ ~ ' - ' KOH# eCTeCTBeHHO~ yTp~TILII ~TH CBOH ~ H K I ~ H H . ~Tp~ TH B ~1~

He IIpH3HSJI H He HpHH~tl 81"O. C ~THX IIOp 3~I~OH ( H ~ e ~ c T - -

HOC~H~M. 101j HO ~E[sJKe H He 3TO IIpoTHBOHOCTaB~IeHHe C T ~ H O - BHTCR T e n e p b OCHOBI-II~: 3aKp~ 'TOCTb H ~ e S B B OTHO~HI~/H 0J I~O~I~TH H HCTHHbl CT~BHT HX H H ~ ~ I ~ [ H H K O B (~ ~SCTHO-- CTH~ B~epavJIIHX p y C C K H X ) ; npOTHBOrlOCTaB~t~R H~JleeB H "R'- • ~ K O B ' , Hnapl~oH o 0 o c H o , ~ m a e ~ n p m ~ n l e c c a a n o c n e ~ H H X :

~ s r = ; ~ , x e n p ~ a ¢ ~ 0,~cTb . . . H T ~ q a ~ [ H ' ~ . e e a S ~ K O M ~ .

. 0 o . ~+;, p o x e l . l , oro " 'bn'C-,. w ~s~.<;, np~ no-

~ n o H ~ a c ~ ~ & . a :Lv~le~ I o¥01~¢~ e v o ~ a ~ a a x ~ . e r o d e I

p a ~ H Mna~em.l~ ~Z0H~a . . . ( 1790 )

H O01bRCHHeTt n o ~ [ e / e ~ " p a c t ~ H H J 0 ~ , a i vneH n o CTpaHSM" ( 1 7 9 0 ) . TeM CaMU~ o c ~ l e c T a , n R e c c ~ HeHocpe~CTBeHHI~ n e p e -

XO~ K TeMe R3hI~QCTBa# K O T O p O I ~ - - a O T n l ~ H e OT l ~ e e B - - 1 0 9 o x a s a n a c b ~ O C T y n H a 0 n a r o ~ a T b , HpoMc~e,~uee ( x e n p H ~ -

THe ~Iy~8~U~ 0 ~ a ~ O ~ a T H H ~ p H ~ T ~ Q QQ " R S ~ K ~ U ~ " ) He 0hUIO HH C ~ 8 ~ H O C T b ~ # HH H ~ O N ~ [ a H H O C T b ~ . HMeHHO B COCTS~ ~TO~ ~aCTH HJIapHOH B B O ~ T y K a 3 a H H e Ha HI~)OpOqQCTBO T ~ - KO~Oe a HQ HHOrO p~3BHTHH C O 0 ~ T H ~ . C p , :

50 B.H. Tonopoe

~ K o ~ e H K b ¢ a M a p £ H ~ H H f - n a l a m e C'~-Cb. ~ K O r p a ~ e T b

I ' O ~ H I H a H H--H~ e c T b , e ~ a HH aO r c p ~ ] c e H . HH a ~

i e p o c a m ~ t ~ n o I ~ n o ~ T c a ~-~a ~ O M b H HCTH [ ~O~ . . .

(175a) ; np'i~Jle 50 x H~. HcnonH~a nppo~bcTaa. J

npopeqeHaa m HeM~. ~KoEe H ~alalue. H¢CMb noc~aH~

T~KMOJK~ ~aua~cb nor~Sm~u~b~olM~H~aJ~eaa ... (178a)~

H c a ~ : c a o e . nor~e.Jm ni~zm ~ l = a ... (1785);

C~SUCT~C,~ CmOSO C-fi--COaO. I ~ O MHOSH ~ a~c ro~b

sana3~'b n p ~ a H abSr~ r~Tb i C~ aBpaaMoM'b i caKoM

i a~o l~oM~ a U P T B ~ H ~ . a ~-Koaa ~ b c T a ~ a ~ s - T

~Ha}IH ~ & T b B~ TM& KpOM~H~ I H ~aK~. MKO ~,~eT--

CA ~ ~a~lllpTBO 6-~e H ~aCTbC£ cTpalH~Cb. TBOpA~--

HM~ rUIO~ lePo (1795).

~TH npOpOqeCTBa KaK ~M ~O~O~HHTe31bHQ ~o~qepKH~al0T HeH3-- ~P-JKHOCT~ TOPO qaca MHpoBoR HCTO~HH# KoP~a M ~PO~aTH O~paTRTCR "R3~KH"~ H ~ O C~ e~ HH e~ ~o eBaHPe31bCKOMy

XX:16; MapK X:31; ~yKa XIII:30) C~OBy (MaT~. XIX:30~, ° CTaHyT ~ e p B ~M H • 9TOT ~act cO BceM ~OPaTCTBOM OT-- Kp~BaP~v~IXHM BO3MO~HOCTeR# ~TLRpyCCKHX TO~KO qTO ~pO- 5H~ H qyBCTBa pa~OCTH~ ~Op~OCTHt ~31~5OKOR OTBeTcTBeH- HOCTH o~pe~P.31R~0T OTH~He M~L~OpHOe HaCTpOeHHe ~OC~P~IIHeR TpeTH qaCTH I. CTpOHMOR crescendo c x~a31oR--C31RBOC31OBH-- eM a ~ H H a 3 I e . 111

~eRTMOTHBOM ~oc~e~H~R cpeTH qaCTH I ~ T "y ~e" KaK 3HaM coBep~eHHR~ ~OCTI4~KeHH~ O~KIclIaeMOPO# ano~eo3a HOBOR Bep~° ~oBcffi~y 3pRh~l ~O~TBep~c~eHHE HOBOPO ¢OCTO-- RHH~¢

a~pa 50 5~TbHaa no aceH 3elMnH npOCTptca. H ~O

HaluePo I P~3BKa pycxaaro ~oH~e° H 3a I KOH'HOe esepo

np~c~,,,e, eval~bcKuH we HCTO~HHK~ HaBOI~HH BC~o H

scm seM;n0 noKp~a~° I H do Hac~ pasJ1"lac~ °.o (1805)

, : ,ca C T p a ~ [ 5 n a r , b m ~ , Hmnb n o M ~ u o s a H J H a C b He

npe3p~ B~CXOT~ H c~'-ce I Hu. ~ s~ pa3~H'b H C T H H ' ~ I

npHBe~e, n&cTt 50 H nptc~l xnt. se~m..a-,ell cash...

a~He3aan& noTeqe HCTO~HH,~ evanbc,BH Hanaa~ Bc~

seMmo I Haum ... (181a-1815)~ ... noMHnoaa e~-~ H

a~c~a H a5 I Hac~ CB~T~ pa3&Ma ... (1815); IIOC~TH

"C~o6o o 3a~o~ ~ 6~u8oOumu" 51

HaCb ,~,n-ko[~uo51e 6"z~.e (182a)

~.n. ~ pa~ocT~ OT scero ~TO~O Te~ 5orame, qTO .e~an- . e e npor~.uoe 5,..too CoBce~4 m ' n ~ :

5,.,~B,,,eM'b HaM~ cn~noMb J H iCTHH'Haavo C~tTa HeB~ ! me, M~.

H~ B~ ~ 'CTH H,~O~bCT~H 5n~u~,~eM~ . . . ( 1 8 1 5 ) ; . . . H n o T ~ -

~a~me~ac~ ~a~M~ ~ n~Te ~ nor~anH, e~e I 5~co~rb B~cnt~o- Y

BATH. H I n&TH Be~aa~o B~ ~BO ~ HeB~eMb. ~b CeM~ ~e

H rylr~Haxo~. ~s~ Haanu~. [ Mo~e H~o~ ... (1815-

182a) ; ... H npE~e ~B-,eMb HaM~ I ~KO 3B~peM~ H CKO--

TO~rb. He I pas&M~eMb ~ecHHa~ H nu01~ ... (182a)

H / I / ) . 112 HO H B 9TOI~ q a C T H O T q e T / I H B O B I ~ C T y l l a ~ T aLITHTe-- TH' /ecKHR IIpHHI~HII I~oMno3HI~HH, HO I10310~HTe~I~HOMy p ~ y T e r l e p b y;~e 11pOTHBOrIOCTaBJleHbl .l~Ba O T p H I ~ a T ~ r l b ~ - - Hy~eR-- CTBO H R3~qeCTBO.

C O~ H O R CTOpOH~# OSO3HaqaeTCE HHOe COCTOHHHe 110 CpaBHeHH~ C H y ~ e s M H :

Ce 50 o y E e I H 1 ~ C~ BC~MH XpT'~aHb~H. t C~aBHM~ ~O~0

T~&. a iv~ea MOnqHTb. X-~ CnaBHM~ 5bmaleTb. a iv~eH

KneHOMH. ~a3b~t [ npHBe~eHH a iv~eH ~pHHoBe IHH (1805)

... H . e " f v , u e H a ~ xz, l.nm~z,. ~'~ XPCT'.i.aHz, CI~ "~ 5 n a z " o [ c . n o -

sH~r~. He CZB~Ta TBOp~ [ ~O patriOTS..~ ~SO pacn~ I

TOM~ 110KJIOHHTHC~. He pacnH[ HaeMb C-h"Ca. H~ p&KH M

HeM& ] BO3~BaeMb. He npoSo~aeMb I peSp~. H~ ~ HH~

rl~eMb HCTOqb I HHK~ HeT~I~H~a... He TpHneC~ I TH cpeSpa

B~SHMaeM~- Ha HeMb. I ~rb ~p~ ~p~a H BOb ~ ~HBOT~ [

H81Ub TOM~ np%~aeMb. He I TaH~rb B%C~"ces'la. H% B~

BC~ ~" J ,U, OMe ~ CBOH '~" s o B e M ' - ~ S ' b c K p c e l . 3 ' b ~"~Bbl"~'~':

He r.~"~Mb ~0.Kt0 [ o y s p a ~ e s ~ , 5 ~ "~'. .o ~a.o B ~ , z s e c e c a , j

H ~ e z e H 5 k . l ie H e B ~ p y e M b . [ H b ~0.KO neTp~, ~ SeM~

r ~ - - ~ • • • (1825). l~s

C ~ p y r o R c T O p O ~ , n o ~ q e p K H B a e T c ~ H TOT pa~p,-~B c ~I3blqeCTBOMt KOTOphI~ y ~K e COBepI~IH/ICR:

"~-. H O y z e , e H n o n o a n y l z m T e n e 3 o B e M c A . H~ X p T I a H ' ~ .

I H e e ~ e 0eSHa~e)KHHL~H. ] Hb o y n o J B a ~ t ~ e Bb XH3m,

52 B.H. Tonopoe

a t q . y l 0 . I H o y z e . e x a n ~ e coToP. r ,~ .o C b r p a ~ a e . , , u , .

x b ~ ~ - k s ~ J ~m~Ue.M~. o y x e . e s a ~ a n a e M ~ ~ t [ c o M ~

;IEmz'b ;u~ara. H~ R~ sa s~ I saxanaesb 0Baae¢-- K Z~pO-

OHMb. ] B ~ x e p T B X 5--£ S O ¢ ~ 0 . ] M O y x e S e x e p , . T -

~ e s ~ a ,cpoBe ,~ I xamamme nonsOaeJa+. H~ xp,~ J c¢oa,-, %-

np~T~a xpoBe B%xalua]mme c~nacaeMcA ... (181a).

C 9TO~ q e p T ~ "RSMKOB" (503Iblzle H e T t HO e c T b "HOBble ,1~1 u # I(OTOpbD40TI<IN:~;~C5 ~3larO;l~aT]b; CaMO IIOHR[TH(~ mRC3hT/(K~ Tenep,- KaK 5,-, oTMeHser¢~. I1pe~cl<asaesoe n]popoKzu~ c S z ~ - nOCb. ~HHa2z qacTH I (183a-184a) o~op~nes xaK MOHTaX ¢TaphlX n~OpoKecTB O "~s~Kax". IIO~TH HaBRS~HB~e MIIOMHHa-- HHH "~3MKOB u (I0 pa3) KOM(SHHHpyIDTCR C MHOI'OqHC21•HlehIMH IIpH3blBaMH K pa~OCTHw Bece~HI0, xBa31e H nOF~OHeHHI0 ]~OZ'y (cepH~ Imper.) -

"~ T • .. H C~0~CT~CA W Hac~ mS ~Zl %~ pe~esoe, wKp~ewb

s c . I . . - " ~ c a , , ~ i ~ ~ " ~ ~, . c . o , , ~ c ~ . . c a ~-~ . . . , c . I

. m o ~ e nneMeHa H la :s u u, H. TOM~, [ nopaSoTaloT 'b . • . ,lla

a ~ s , ~ e c e n a T c a H a~spaylmTCA~ mSUU~. H

a c s m ~ , - , U H a ~ , l c n n e w t c e p a ~ a ~ . ~ a ~ c ~ n ~ J ~ s t T e

~ E r n a c o M ~ p a , u o c ' T ~ . . . n o H ¢ e 0"£ ~ameM~, n o i H T e

~ r o s t . I n a n o e T .- z e m , ~ e . . ~ . , o e M a [ ' ~ " " " I " - " x . a -

;~HTe z"-a Bell I ~3UZIH. M noxaanHTe ~cH r ~ o l n l e

-- I • .. XB a,11 HO HM~ z'se• Bbl COX,~ Ha~1~ BCEMH M~3 ~K~l

r"E .... x. a n a ~.oa .a .o.~u. ~" ~e~um. o y I c n ~,,,.

HI~ ~'e ... H .11a Ho s H ae M~b Ha 3elM/~H n~Tb TBOH.

H B~ BC~X'b J 1"0,3 ~ It, %~" c ' n ' c e s ' i e TSOe • , , M BCH .tao/K'ie

• . . ~ a I x " a , A T , - ~ = H e . . . n o c ~ , m a . T e

M e H e ~ 0 n ' i e MOH I " ' " H ~ e ~ M e t a ~ e a l u m ¢ e . . .

M ; u ~ b ~e n o c n e ; ~ e e R ~ p a ~ e :~TOR T p e T H ( ~ B c e R q a c T M I ) n p e ~ c T a B ; m ~ e R c o S o R c . n o a a H c a R H ( X L V I ; 4 - 5 ) , H a n p s ~ e - HHe B~[~pyI" CsHMaeTcR" "... npHOns~aeTca cKo~o J npaB~a Moa• , HShl.o, eT--- I-0,XO Ca~JT'b ~"Kces ' te MOe. MeHe W C T p O S . JJ ~t,z~aT,-,. H Ha MU~nbt.00 MO~0 J cTpas ' - ' oyno,~amTb" ( 1 8 4 a - 1 8 4 5 ) .

"C~oeo o 3a~e u 6~a~oOa~zu" 53

"Hoxa~na (H~H X~UaH) B ~ ~ F " COCTa~BXLReT ~aCT5 II C3B; ~e3~cR pR31TP.M~TOR qaCTH, CBE3aHID~X C~BHeKHeB-- cKm~H peaJIHHMH (B q a c T H o c T H , C HRMepeHHe.MKaHOHHSH~:X~- BaT~ R n ~ a ) ~ 0bin Tax H3U~ HHa~e 3aT~X)H~T ~D,b~O. 0 Xy~oxecT~eHIIMX OCO0~HHOCTRX "~oxBa3IM" ~HC~JIHMOOCOH (1975:9-22). HaKoHen, ~Ta ~aCTh npHHa31~I31T KXaHp~ = ~OCTaTOqHO ~npe31~JIeHHOR nO~THKOR H ~IHTe2ISHOR T~a~I~H- e R ° 11~ ~O3TOM~ 3~eCb MO~HO orpaHIIqHTbC~ aHa/flI3OMTO/~-- KO HeKOTOp~E¢ acneKTOB nO~THKH ~TOrO TeECTao

B qaCTH II ~eJlecooOpa3Ho B~eJI~T~ HeCKOo~bKO nO~TeK- C'Z'OB. BOJIb~OR M~C~I'~p peJIHrHO3HO--HCTOpI4~IeCIOIX aHa.~o~HR H c c ~ I n o K Ha npe~eJleHT, H~Iap~oH HMeHHO C DTOrO H Ha~H-- HaeT "~OX~a31y"~ BBO~R ee HRrH~TaHHe.MC~OB C KO~HP.M Zeal= =

x B a n . T b z e n o l x B a n ~ r n a c ~ , p ~ u : , c ~ a a J c T p a H a

neTpa H naoy~a. HMa z e ]z~posa~a s~ i~ ~ -- xa cHa

5--~la. l ac~a i e~ec~ H naeJ~, i~aH'Hal~-r~cuoB~ua.

iH~a O~My° e l " v ne¢~ MapKa° BC~k CTpaH~I H r p a l ~ H

Haoyq~una ~ npaBoc.uaBHtH B~Ip~ (1840),

n o c n e ~ e r o n p ~ c o e ~ H s e T c ~ K 9TO~ T p a ~ m m : " n o x a a m e ~ z e H ~ . n o cH J n ~ Haz~eH. M a : r n ~ n o x s a J n a ~ . B e n ~ x a a H n H B H a a C ~ T B O l p b n x a a r o . Halxlero Oyq~ITeJlA~ H H a c T a B H H K a Be-- nHKaaro KalraHa Hamea SeM~H BO nO nH Melp a" o. o (1845) .

CaMa..pEa. ~epTa ~TOrO BCTynHTembHOrO ~parMeHTa -- IUHpoKaR ~eorpa~HqecKaR naHopaMa (conpoBo~llaeblaE nepe~- HeM aHOCTO31OB), CBII~eTe31bCTB~a~ O TOMe MaE "~Cn~OC- Tp~c~ B~pa 0naro~aTbHa". HO~OSHa~ ~KC~O3HUHn caMa ~0 ceSe EB~TCE CBOePO po~a "nO~aHpOM"e ~ocTaTOqHO XOpO- mO 3HaKOM~4~eBHepyCCKOR ~HT6paTyPee He rOBOp~ 5~K 0 BH3aHTHRCKOR° I15 HO C3B, B~O, ObUlO nepBh~40pHPHHa3Dn--

npOH3BO.~:ISHH~ pFCCKOR 31HTepaTyp~, P~O OMYla ~aHa Ta- xaE HCTOpHKO--reorpa~HqecKas naHopaMa ("Bc~ CTpaH~ H rpain- .~0~e"), ~pO~O/EKOHHaE MOTHBOM H ~ B OCT H O C-- T H PFCCKOR 3eJ4nH B nnIpOKOM Kpyry cTpaH H Hapo~oB, nO~-- xBaqeHHOM nos~e H ~pyr~ nMTHHKaMII. Cpo~ "... nox~a- nm4~ ~e H ~... ~ononm4elpa ... ~e ~ oboe ~Ta B~a~B~FIe- CTByI~eo M~CTBOM~ ~e ~ xpa~5op~cTSObrb nl~OC~ &~ a ~ cTpa I HaX~ MHora~. H noS~na~m . .pt [ noc~ n o M ~ H a- ~TC~ H~HeJ H C31OB&Tb° He B~ X~I~ OO HelB~OM~ ~g~4fIH B~a/0blqbcTBJgBa~a. H~ B~ p&C~K~. ~e B ~ J ~ o M a H c/IM~cMa eCTb BO~MH [ qeTBpbMH KOHUH 3eM/~" (1845-185a)11o H ~a~- ee: "CiH CJlaBII~II ~ C~aBH~HX~ pOl~bC~ ...".

3a 3TIIM BCTyIIneHHeM C~e~yeT OTpMBOK naHerHpHqecKo~o xapaKTepa, B KOTOpOM ~aeTcS oSpa3 KHH3S B~a~HMHpa n e p e q H C J l ~ T C H e r o ~ e ~ H H ~ :

54 B.H. Tonopoe

na~e ze ~s~mas~. Kptno]c~1~0 s cJu~mo c~IsepmamcA. [

~ C T S O M ~ H c ~ c n o ~ J n p t n ~ c n ~ a . ~ e.u~eo,uepz le .um

5~u~ se-,~u~ c s o e . , nOKOpHIB~ no~'. cA mKp~HA~ OTpaJ

S~l. mB~MHpOM'b a H e n o K o p H J a u a Meqe.',Cb . . o H 3e.Mn~

caom nac~y npa~om. M~KbCTaOM~ ~ e ~ C"m~CnOM'b. I n p ~ e ~aH~ noc~e~'ze ~ulm.~a~o. np~pt HaH~ ~CeJ~HI

~OCTHBOe mKo b'-~raaro ~. H ~ B~c~a p a 3 a , M'b ~ ¢p~

ero o.. (185a-1855).

O c o S o e aem'~aeHe y n e n e . o r n a B e o M y ~emF e r o ~ r .~s . . z

na~e ze c.rm~aHo l eMa 6 t Bce~a u ~m~oatp~l.Z. s e , . a .

~pe~bcK~. XpHCTOI/~05HBH xe H C~bH~ B~pO~ ... H C~

cJ.,-,-,a ~ B~r.,o, e n a C~-~-ueM~ s ~ s r o p ~ n ~ l X O M b . ~ O OUTH

~ a r a H b Hamb c ~ p ~ a M H aelv~xaaro , u~Ka . c ~ n o ~ = n ~ I T

no ace~seM.- .~ . KpbCTHTHC~ o . . ~ BC~M~'b OblTH Xp~T~a -

.o~ . -o~ .a~a,~ ~pa,~ .~o~c.~. I~ "a ~" . . ~XO~HTH

H sop~ 5~'PO~atp~a ~a,mac~. TO~ TMa I 5~cocuyrasla

no~Oe. H c~oao evaRbcKoe 3eJ4mO Harm0 ~ia. J EanH~a

pa3p~aax~ca. H ~a~ I nocTag~ax~cA. H~O~H c~lKpy-

maax&c~. H ~ K O H ~ ~ ~a~aaxyca. 5tcH npoOtralax~.

K~b rpa~ h'~aame ... (1855-187a).

Ho~qepKHsaeTc~ e~HHo~ymHe H BCeOS~HOCTb B npHRTHH 3TO-- PO ~eRHHR Ena~m~Hpa --

. . e ~ . x e n . . o r o ~ n p o T H B ~ l m a c a 6 ~ - ~ o ~ . o M ~

e r o noselnt . ' . t~0 . . . x a ~ e n . . o B p e M A . l a c A 3 eMmA Hama s~c.uaat ~'~... (1865).

MeCTOHMeHHe eecb# B~CTy~a~ee 3~ecb KaK cBoePo po~a

"C~oeo o 3u~oae u d~ueoOumu ~ 55

KB~HTOp Rceo(SII~HOCTH# rlpoH~3~aeT Bec.~ ~)TOT ~p~eHT=

CX [ r p a j ~ ~ o a ~ p b a x . B O X ~ ~-'T~a ~ "I" r~pOCTO~Tb.

R C H OT-'O I Rx nptcTOMtT, - . . . sanoRt~aB~ no :a c

3e.vJIH . . . ]S~b RC@rI~j~&~C31aBHTHCA . . . X a C~MI~

(5~[[TH XIO~aHOM~b ... B C a 3 ~ Ha~a R~c31aB~ ~ . ° o

arumcKaa Tpy~Sa. H e~a.ubc~,~ X'I:>OM'~. B C H I'pal.=u~

mr~aCH . . . BCH ~oe , . o

0nHcaHHe RceoS~ePo, 0bICTI:)OI'O R 5e3uc~ORHOI'O TOpXecTBa HOBOR BelN~ ~

nacToyc.a cJ~oReczzu~z~ maeub I R'~, enHcxon'~. CTmua

np ' [ E' ~-'z~ [ zoo~ ~,'zTapeM~. x e p T s y 5e I cxaepmmy~0 a~,axo-

c a ~ e none IRe . n ~ a K o . . . , see, - ~.,u~poc~. J oyxpacm~a

. a~ ntnoTa t ~ t l m a c'--~a ~a.. a--'nn~cl~aa ¢p~' loa -

e~a.rl~-clc~ r'poM'bo RCH I ' p a l , l ~ WI'31acH, Te~d~.a,1~ ~'~ BitC-

hy J ~aeMb. R~;~a~" ~T,. I Maria I CT~peae Ha repaY" cTama.

u e p . o l p x s ~ , u . ~ a ~ a P . ~ . M u m x ~ke lz~ . k Man',t . x - e -

r " ~ e . . . (187a-1875)

nO.~RO,~HT X K~u0qeBOMF ~ )TOR ~acTH C3B MecTF , ~ e ~ e H - HOMy ~ co.ue l~aTam, Ho x ~opManbuo, x c.naaoc.noB~,o X p x c T y . H onRTb s.~ec,- , ~<aK H - OTMe~eHX~IX ~ah~ne P.ny~aJcx e.~xlc~u~ T e X C T B , ~ e T y n a e T Is ~ a y x ~yHKD~HRX. C Oj[~ H e ~. CTO~DI-I~# c~aRoc.~oRHe ~R,n.qeTCR HeoT'beM.~eMoR ~aCTbIO np ,~w~ny~e ro TeKCTa: OHO eCTb KOHXpeTHOe CO.U.el:kT.aHHe TOl"Ow ~TO .~I0.U~# Hanonxxanu~e ueplmx, "B'bll c.uaamua ~'~e" (T.e. OOI~eXT npx I'31al'oTle) o He, c ~p y I" o R CTOpOH~ r cJIaRoC3XOBHe HMeeT H BI~OJIHe C~MOCTORT~IIbHOe 3Ha~eHHe R a ~ MO3IHTBae xaK He- Ka~ qacT~ pHTyana, coaepmaeMoro s~ecb H Tenepb, xaK pa3phm B TeKCTe C~B (HanpHMep, r~HOCTaHOB31eHHe qTeHHE B uepI~BH, ec31H HMeHHO TaKOBbl 51¢rIH yC31OBHR rrpOH3HeCeHHR C3B H3~apHoHOM, KaK ;llS;~4a10T MHOI~He)•

OTp~aOX, O . o ¢ o p o M c e a ~ a c . ~ ' ~ T peu,- (hoP.me c . . o - "a~, J c . . a a ~ a r ~ w e ~' ) ," ~ " o ~ e . u e . u e . S .oSco~bM (19 7 5 : 1 4 - 16e21) KaK "necHOC31ORHe"; O~HO OHO y~Ke n p m m e T yHHKan~- HOCT ~- RCP..M~ C~ (XOT~ CJIP.JlyeT IIOMHMT~ qTO 9TO "rleCHO-- ~ l l O B H e " OTHOCHTCR[ M HgROCTI-IIblM 31HTypI 'HqeCKHM TeMOTRM~ KaK, nanpHMep, "e,~HH'b CR~T~ , " H~ "CReTe THXHR" HT.n.), ~OTOMy ~TO o~. ~TOM L"HMHe M~ Haxo~ ~OH~HO e~V.HHCTReH--

56 8.H. To~opo~

~ B OI~r~Han~HoRnHc~MeHHOCTH~eBHeR P y c ~ r ~ H M e p TO~O caMo~oHaneBHOPOCnOr~Bo~o CTHXOC.nO~eHI~, EOTOpOe ~O CHX nop H~M 0/~L~O 3HaI¢OMO TO~SKO ~O TBOpqeCKHM O~-- TaM 3a~a~H~XH ~KH~C o~acTe~ ~epKoBHoC~aB~HCKOR 'TDa-- /[HI~HH". B apaH~HpOBKH HKOOCOHa ~TOT ~eCHO~HBH~R ~ OT- pblBOM ~P3L~HT C ~ ~ O0~a~OM:

e--~HH--~ ro-cno-~

H-coy-c~ XpH--CTO--C~

B5 cna-Boy Oo-~oy

O--T~-D~0 a-MH-H~

2) XpH--CTO~C~ no-0~- , l~H

XI:~H--CTO~C'b O - - ~ O - - ~

xpH--CTO-C'b B~--~a--pH--C.~

XpH--C~O-C~pO-C~a-BH--C~

3) Be-., '~-x~ e - o H ~o-cno-~

5o-~e Ha-~ cna-Ba TH-0~

NpHH~Hn " a p H ~ M e T H ~ K O R pe~peCCHH" ~pO~B~IFIeTCK B TOMw ~TO K~K,~a~ noc~@~ylo~aH c T p o ~ a K o p o q e Ha O,U, HH CTHXe ~eM npe. .~? . ,~H~a~, H H a ~ B a c . n o r a B c n o r ' o B o M HC~HCJIeHHH (28 : 26 : 2 4 ) , HpH 9TOM ~TIHHa CTHXa B CJ IO~X B O 3 p ~ c T a e T OT n e p B o R C T D O ~ K T p e T b e R , ~KO0COH y K a ~ a n e ~ e ~ e x a p a K - T ~ p H ~ OCOOHHHOCTH STHX C T p O ~ B O - - n e p B ~ x t "K HSO-

Be,IIH~ ~eCHO~eHH~ ~G~ff~ H 6 ~ K ~ ~ p H C O ~ , H H ~ T C H ~ a -

~ n ~BCTBHHHO Hane~H~mc c~HXO~ BCHCOOOpHO~O ~HMHa" (~K- oOcoa 1975:~6) ~, Bo-~ TO p~ X, HanH~e ~px~x ~paM- MaTHqeCKHX pa3/~HR, CO~yTCTB~HX ~H~eHH~0 ~ecHo~d~OBH~ Ha TpH C T p O ~ (OTCyTCTBHe r n a r o n b H ~ x ~opM c p e ~ 1 0 c n o - BecH~x e~HHHU Haq~HOrO nO~FCTH~E~ cTpora~ CHMMeTpH~ ~cex ~eT~Dex CTHXOB Cpe~HeR CTpO~ C qeT~pe~ ~OBTOp- eHH~M HMeHeM B I-OM ce~MeHTe H ~a~ee c ~eTup~ aODHC- TaMH ~aPo~oB coBepmeSHO~O BH~a, CMaHa B ~OC~H~H~R CTpO~e 3-PO ~H~a 2-~M~.W~IOM H ~po~e~e~o Bp~MeHH "~eK- c}~qecKHx" rnaPonoB CocTa~H~MH cMa~yeMu~ B HaCTO:~eM SpeMeHH C B~K@HHOR PL~H Hy~eBOR CBHSKOR). B~pO~eM, ~TOT OTpMBOK He e~HHCTBeHHOe MeCTO B C3B, ~e aBTOp o0pa~aeTc~ K CTHXOBOR p e ~ H (CM. HH~e).

C~e~y~HR ~pa~MeHT ~aCTH II, nO~OTOBneHH~R He~O-- Cp~cTBeHHO npe~ecTB~ e~V ~eCHOO~OBHeM, oTMeqeH ROCXO~eHHeM Ha HOB~ pH~HCTp noxBa~ ("TeOe ~e ~a~o noxBanHM~" ...1875), C~SaHHU~ C OCOOUM no~eMoM pa~OCTHO~O y~BneHH~ H BOCTOpPa nepe~ paBHoa~ocTc~-- HI~I MHH3eM. ~paPMeHT op~aHH3OBaH n p e . ~ e BcePo coqeTa- HHeM OOpa~eHHR K Bac~nmo (XpHCTHaHcKoe HME ~a~HMHDa), B TOM qHC31e H BecsMa H3~CKaHH~Xo Cpo ynpa~.HeHH~ B ~y- xe Oy~y~HX OapoqH~xconcetti=

"C~o5o o 3a~¢o~8 u 6.~aeoO(zmu" 57

xpTo,moOqe. I,¢l;py-,Ke n ] p a B ~ . C ' ~ ] ~ ¢ , U y ~ ] C T O ° . ' ~ ¢ n O ~

r . t s n o (187o ) ; • ~ e l c ¢ ~ - c n ~ s ~ s e ~ e l ~ Y

~ . ' ~ . n p ~ u ~ c ¢ ~ e l ~ B a c ~ u ~ e (1870) ; oy,~c'ze.,'a0 I

no~o0H.~e ~ ~ e . n ~ K a a r o xoHbcTaHTs.a, paI~HOOFMHe.

paBHo-x-o~o0qe, p a a s o ] ~ e c T H T e . ~ 0 c.uoy~HTeneJ~er~ (191a)

H CepHH pHTOpH~ecKHx BOIIpOCOB "KaKO" H ~K~I~Oy~ 3 a ~ a ~ " IIUF~X B3BO31HOBaHHhlR pHTM ~TOR ~aCTH TeKCTao C1:),:

T e S e ~ e : a K o noxBan~cb °°o I~aK~IOOpOT~ IIo~o-

KaKo B~poBa. KaKO pa~op~Ic~ ~ ~n00o~ ~'~.

~ : a ~ o ~ Ta p a u o ~ . . . I K a x o s ~ s . c x a x '~ . K a x o

n p e j ~ a ~ I eMy. noat~r .nb e ~ . . . ~ x a Jq o y "n~ n p H n a x -

~ y ~ y Hcrm na I M~TH 0a~oY~a~

O,u'--r'b ~ . . . X a ~: o " o y ~ e I H~lC'b e l -o ~Op tTec .~ . . . I

KaKo T. c~e pa~aep~ec~, xa~o I ~H~e a T~

CTp~ O~H. I X a~ o np~u~n.c~ m00~a'i ero ... (1870-

1880). ~

~Ta CepHR BO~pOCOB TeCHeRIdHMO0paSOM CBE3aHa C nO-- cJIe~OBaT~JIbHOCTb~ KOHCTpyK~HR C " H e " , O ~ H ~ B a ~ H X ~lpe- ~P..,TIbHS,'IO y~a31eHHOCTh ~]Jla~HMHpa OT He~OCpe~CTBeHH~IX HC- TOqHHKOB XpHCTHaHCTB~

. e ~ . l m u n . ec~ Xa . e xo.uam, e c . no , e ~ . . . I " e • ~. ~.,

HS~IrOH~M~ ... CHXb aCt~ He B~U~IS~ ... (188a-

HpeononeHHe ~TOrO p a 3 ~ e ~ H e H H R x a x p a 3 H ~ a e T ~ p a B o n p ~ e H H T b K B n ~ p y e a a H r ~ c K o e H s p e q e ~ e , ~ H T H p y e - MOe H3IapHOHOM~ m ~ K f l [ H H H6 B H ~ B ~ e H B~pOBaB~e N (HO. X X = 2 9 ) . ~O~BJIeHHe ~TO~ ~HTaT~ OTMeqaeT O~I~H HS n o - BOpOTH~X HFHKTOB ~ pa~BHTHH ~RCTH I I C~B# no~JI~ KOTOPO- ~O OTK'pMBaeTCR n e p e x o ~ x ~ a s e p ~ a ~ m M nO~TeKCTaM ~TO~ ~aCTH. ~OpMa~bHO n e p e x o ~ B ~ u e . n ~ e T c ~ , B qaCTHOCTH Ha3IH- qHeM RHTRT (B O T p ~ e ~ e 1 8 8 6 - 1 9 0 a ~ n o c u e TOnbXO qTO n p H - B e ~ e H ~ ¢ROB H3 HOaHHa, cJ/ejD[YeT P.J~e ~ e a T b [ | ] I ~ T a T --

5 8 B. ~ . Tonopoe

n p H TOMe ~"rO HH /[O HH n o c J I e B ~ a c T H I I D , H T a T B O O ~ e H e T } . Co;~e l :ncaTen~Ho OHH p a 3 ~ r p r ~ a ~ 0 T TeJ<y M~nOCTSw MH.nO-- c e p . ~ c ~ a nlP. j~OT, T . e . T e x x a ~ e C T B , o 5 . n a ~ a l ~ e KOTOPhlMH nO3BOJIReT CqHTaT T- ~eJrlOBeK~t 0 3i a x e H H bl M. ~ T a o ~ a F l CXP-Ma Har/oJIHR[eTCH ]¢OHICpeTIU~ C ~ C , nOM, ~oz',~la n e p e ~ , c c u ~ - xoTc~ ;ao0p,- ,e ; l e n a B a c m u ~ :

• . . n p o c A ~ l O C b n o ~ a B a a , I H a ~ w;~t]saA. :KaJ~H~a H [

an -b ,~mia H a c ~ a A O 0 : v ~ i . l ~ BCa~W o y T t u n e ~ l ~ e n o c ~ l l J ~ a a ,

;aOmCHHa s c . x a n a A . [ pa0ocH~mUcb c B o 0 o ~ y ~ a A . ~ T s o a 5 0

m e . u p o r s r~ M s n o c T s ] s , ~ . ~ "k'~t ~ , ~ " - u t x ' b noMx [ ~ a e ~

caT,- . ( 1 8 9 0 ) , x o ~ m ~ o T s n o x ~ a l n e m , 'r

0 ~ r r ~ . [ . e ~o~o~o ~ c n o s t n a a ~ ~ o J c.--~ ~ ' J ~ e c ~ R U .

H'b H C I ' I O I B ~ . B b If B ~ p y e r o o ¥ c T a a l n b . 14e ~ b e ~ H e o ~

Cb(~Opt 114b n o Bce r l seJ4E~ CeH. H ~ - K B H X--'BH n o c T a a ~ b .

c ~ o ~ ¢ e l ~ e ~ a ~ e ~ ( 1 9 0 0 ) .

TeM caM~M ~n~ B a c m m ~ - I ~ u a . u ~ v m p a OT~CKHBaeTcR COOT-- BeTCTR~I01~a~z n a p a ~ l~ r M ;~ (npeJ~e~eHT), 0e3 KOTOpOR ~D0-- 0 / ~ IIOrlMTKH MaHOHH3aI~HH n o T e p x l e / ~ 4 0 ~ H e ¥ ~ a ' ~ y : 014 1 1 0 - ,I~ O 0 e 14 14e C3I~OB~Te//b140~, p a B e I4 ~O14CTaHTHHy# ~TO H B h ~ K ~ 1 4 0 B HCKyCHO IIOCT~O(}HHOM W~.H~L,'IOrH~H~yI0~eMe o 0 p a - D~H14H K B a c H n ~ o - " n o ~ o 0 H S '~ e [] B e / / H K a a ~ o KOH'bCT~HTIfHa p a I s 14 o y M s e p a a H o R S n ~ O q e . p a s 14 o I ~eCT14TeJ¢~0 c ~ o y - ~mTemeM~ e r o " ( 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 1 a ) , H s ~ e c b I~apHo14 CH0Sa n o n a - ~ a e T s CTHXm0 pHTOp14~H, s;qox14oa;im01:leRc.sl HCTOpH'~ecxlU4H napar~~ (~eJ~HHR KOHCT~HTHHR H 11 O /~ O 0 H O -- p ~ B H ~i (~ HM ~ae~HHR Bac~cnH~). Cp. :

(,,)14"b c~ c:~--~m~,~ ~ ' ~ 1 4 . . e . c - a l a ~ ' o c ' b O o p a 3aKo14"b

~ - ~ O M ~ n o n a I r a a ~ e T r~ ~K e . c ~ 1 4 0 B ~ r la I ~m~MH ~ r t

en i~n~ . Cb~IHsa I I~CA ~ACTO. C5 M H O ~ t ' . C~ I H t p e H ' t P . ~

c t s t ~ a s a a ~ e c ~ . ~a~:o s ~ ~ t x ~ c ~ x ~ .oaonos.ala~'t~x~

~ c T a o ~ y n o K o p ~ . ¢ ~ I ~Ke a~ p o y c H , o y ~ e Oo H

a~b ~HtXl) I H ~B~ 14acI~ x'c upeMb ~o~eTc~. w H ~ C~

%" T ie~p~a npHHec~,,a. I no MaTepR~0 cBoe~ e31e14o~ I ~P T~" ~

BceMu M~poy CBOeMF pac~as ] 5~a [pacJlaB~-a]. a~p~

OFTBe IP /EdcTa. T U kK e CI~ 0a00~ TBoIe~ ~nbro~. npH-

14ec~-~a XpT~ I ~ HoBaaro i epm4a ~O14bCTaHTH llHarpa~a.

" C ~ o e o o ~ u ~ o ~ e u d ~ u e o d u m ~ " 59

no ace~ ~e~m csoe~ nolcTaaHa,ma oyT~elu~cTa ~tlpa.

e~oze oy0o no ~o 5s s~ ~ c~. ]c~ TeJ~b~e eJ~HHO~

cJIaBH H I qeCTHo ~O~HHKa C~TBOpHl3rb T£ ~ H~ He--

5ec~ ~ ... (191a-1915).

Ho STa aHaJlOI~R ocTa~acb ~ BCerO ~5 ~ O~HHM HOBbD4 np~MepOM H3OSpeTaTe~bHOCTH aBTOp~ ~3~ B "aHa~o- ~HqeCKOR" pHTOpHKe H Ba~KH~M ~pryM~HTOM B ~O~y n~H~HC-- ~eHHR KHRSR B~a;IHMHpa K ~Ky CBRT~X., ec~H 5~ He BH~3RII-- HI¢8 H OpHrHH~JbHblR XO~, CHOBa HCXO~R H3 CTO31KHOBe- HHR TeKcTa H BHeTeKCTOB~X pea~m8 H npHBO~R K COBep-- meHHO HOBOR CHT~U~IH. CyT~ ~TO~O XO~a B pe3KOM oSpY~Be ~enH aHaJlorHR c KOHCTaHTHHOM H Heo~H~aHHOM OSpa~eHHH K c e M y M@CTy H C e M y q a c y B C B R 3 H B o e c TOR X e T e - - MOR B a c ~ m l R - B . u a ~ ' ~ p a , x o ¢ ~ OH ~ a a H o y M e p H MO~ 5 ~ b XHB TO~IbKO B ~aMRT~M~R~X CBOHX CoBpeM~HHHKOB (H ~apHoHa B HX ~HcJIeJ. ~TO nepeK/u0qeHHe HCTOpHqeCKOI~O B aKTySJlbHO~ OTpaXeHO B O~HOR ~pa3e

~OOp~ nacTylx~ ~ 6 ~ ' x " o a b p l m TBOeMy ~ 5na~elH~e. c'~aa

p k B H c--~a ~--~ a M a lp~ a ~e c~3na Ha npaao-

Bsp~IH~H ~CHOB~. H~Ke H MOSr~JbICTBeHHO~ TBOe T~O

• --~t ~e~T. ~a TpoyS~ apxar~c~. ~oOp~ ~e st~o

. atpenb noc~l~b ~ ~so. re~pr~ . , e ro~c~Tao lp . • -E HaMtCTHHKa ~O TeSt. I vsoe~ BRa.~"~bCTB~. He P~I

ma~a TaOH ~ OycTaa~. H5 oyTBelp~a~a. HH o~ana~a

TaOleMy 5~-~OS~pL~ nonozeHH~a. Ho I naue np~uara~a.

He c,a3ama I[ H50yqHH~0~a. H~e se~oKoIHb~asa~ TBOa

HaKOHb~a

- - H s ~ e c b e ~ e p a 3 a B T o p H e y ~ e p : ~ H B a e T c ~ o T ~ B O R H O R H a ~ T O T p a s a . a ~ o r x H - -

ez'o n p t IM~poccH c b ~ , ~20 (191a-1925)

~THM XO~OM}LUapHOH nepeHOCKT.CJIyma~0~HX ero B ¢e~O~HR, B KHeB ~eoprHR-HpocJ/aBa (o MOTHBe rOpo~a rOBOpF~OCb Bh~e) H ~a~Ke KOHKpeTHee H TOqHee -- B ~eCRTHHHyI0 uep- KOB5 (Cpo ynOMHHaHHe ~epKBH BoPopo~H~, 1910), K ~poO-- HH~e BTla~R24Hpao 9TOT "BMXO~" H3 TeKcTa BOBHQt B CHT~a-- ~H~ hie et nunc (~nH, TowHee, npHcnocoS~eHHe Te~cTa K TOMy, qTOSH 5~T5 PO~OCOM ~TOR CHTyaI~HH)# yBeHqaH ~eH-

60 B.H.Tonopoe

Tpa,x~HI~4 H HaHSo31ee IlaTeTH~eCK1g40T]ph~EOM "IIoxBaJ~bI", yJKe ~aBHO ITpHBn~ K ce0e BHHMaI~Ie Hcc//e;~oBaTeJ1eR H BbICOKO ~eHHIV~EM° IZl ~31eHHOCTI~ HTOX'O O~Ka IIO~X~ep - ICMBaeTCR H TeM, qTO OH, KaM yCTaHOB/431 TapaHOBCKHR (1968:4), HalIHCaH "/<~0//)IT~OCJIOBI~IM" CTHXOM (RLrZH "KOH~a-- KapHI~M"e COI'JIaCHO AoBoIIO3~IleeBy), OXBaTHIBaI0/~HM ~OBOJI~-- HO ~HaqHTP.//SHyI0 qaCT~- TeKCT~ "IIoxBa31~" (1920-1930; 30 CTICXOB B HCqHC//eHI~I TapaHOBCKOI'O):

1 . B~cTaHH m ~ecTHaa rnaBo. ~ ~ ~'poOa T~oer~. T

3. H ~ C H OO o~<e I pn-. H~ cn~un~. ~o mOH~aa~o I BC~M'b BI~CTaH~La.

4. B~bCTaHH. ] H~CH OyMep/Do.

5. H ~G 00 TH 31~InG OyI~3~TIf.

6. ]B~poaaal~ay I ]S~ x'-a ~I~BOTa aceMOy MHpOy. I

7. ~ T p ~ c H C O ~ . a ~ a e - . ~ m,,zH. I~la a ~ . 8. ~ a K o • T~ ~HCTH ~'-'E TaMO c~no~loOH,~°

9. H Ha ] 3P~'4T/H He 0ecrlal~kTHa IIlCTaBH3~I~ C"HOI~b TBOHM~bo -/ 10. B~CTalHH B~ ua~o cBoe rempP~ao

11. ~ H ~ OyTpOSa CBO~.

12. a H ~ H | MHnaaro cBoeI~o.

13. a ,~ er'o =e I~'E . ~ . e n e ~ ,zpecn'-o ~uo~cx~. I

14.. e ~ o ~ p ~ a a e a r ' o CTO;I~ ~elMm~ ~ s o e . .

15. )I B~spayHc~ ~ B~Jsaecem~c~. ¢

16 . x C e M & ~ e S H a H H 5~"fOB~pasq0 CHOX~ T~O~ epH l a y . B H~% DI~HOpICH ¢aoa H I npanHOyl~l.

a ~ o ~mS~TH. I ~ a K O xpa.,M~ COyTH ~-~eM~.

17.

18.

19. ~aKo

20. I~ a IC 0

21. xaxo

22° XaKO

23 . ,~Hx~o I"

24. BHX~ I"

25. BHZH

26. BHXr~

6~"r~B~p'ie ~epxaTb . I no np~Ia~H~[10 TBOaMy. I"~ cT--ua ~--ks~ ~CTAT~. CJIaBATH Xa o

IIOlCJ1a J H/MOTCA HMeHH eI'o.

z e J. rpan~ .en.~bCTSOM~ c'ia~IwH.

I~- 'KBH I~B eT yql H° I

XpT~'aHCTBO p ~ C T a I~I e.

l " p a ~ H K O H ~ C'~blH~."b O C B ~ I[1 a e M v.°

"C.~o8o o 3a~co~e u 6.na~oc~ar~u. ~' 6"1

2 7 . ~ ~cTa~nec~. ~ H T~U~[aHoM~ m~oyxaeM~.

28. H ~ xBana~a ~ 5x~esaM~ H nt[s~H ~ mr~za--

29. H c~ sC~ smltsb B~3pay~Hca HI sbssece- JIHCA.

H no xB an H ~aJraaro ~'~. BCtMb C~ CTpOH I 30. Te.U&.

YiIOTpe~.r£~ B ~TOM OT~blBKe MOJIHTBOCJIOBHMI~ OTHX~ KaK H~BeCTHO~ BoTpeqaeTc~ B pF,~le MOJIHTB (B qaCTHOCTH# H B "0Tqe Hahn w) H c.naBoc.noB~ (Hanpm~ep, WPa~y~ca") H Henoope.JICTBeHHO ~CXO~HT X COOTBeTCTBSV~IeMF BH3aHTHR-- cxoMy c~-axy. Ero onpen~e OCOSeHHOCTH -- ~B~O~IHM~ HeCILU.qaSEqecKHR xapal~Tep# l z z CHHTaKCR~IeCKI~ llapaYLYle-- m~3M Ka~ O ~ npH~ulHn opraHHsau~H TexcTa, H ~ e B Ha~ta,, ie CTHXOB OOOS~X pHTMH~ecKHX CHI'Ha.~OB ( ~ B c e - - I"O B BM~le HMnepaTHBa H BOKaTHBa) H Ton. (CM. TapaHoB- CKHR 1968, I-3).

BFUn0qeHHe B C3B OTOJ/~ ~nHHHOI'O CTHXOTBOpHOFO O ~ - Ka ( c p . Ta~xe "e.~m~rb CB~T~ . . , ", o ~eM c M . B~e) no~- BO~I~eT I'OBOpHTb 05 aBTope xaK o 1103Te H ~lOIlycKaTb BO~-- MOZHO~TIn H ~ H R ~ B ~TOM x e IIaM~TI-D~Ke H .U, p y I ' H X n p ~ e - p o B y l l O T p e ~ I e H I L ~ CTHXOBI~X ~:)pM H . ~ n o Me ,mineR M e p e ~ c I , I / l b ~ pHTMH~OBaHHMX CTHXOO0pa~I4hlX OT~:~BKOB. T a K OMIIO n p e ~ , n o x e H o K ,~Hc.ny T a ~ x n p H M e p o ~ OTHOCHTb OT~MBKH~

I. ea,o,~ Co [ npt~bTe~ 01; ~H cnara nS"~-rOJI~TH [H HCTHH~ •

IIKHSHH J HQT/~H'HtlI, H .

3 . ~,Ko :3axo.',b I - p H B o z a a ~ e I ~ 'bsaxco.e .sa ] K'~ ~n ' ,o - .U~T~HOMa J xcpmeH'i~°

4 . ~ '~es~ .e z e I ~ l osoa I n p ~ a e ~ ' b I Ha ~ e a ~ 0 J ~ S H ~ , . 5 . Mwvo~ 50 J ~z OOnppu~, J m x p ~ c ~ o ~ J npmnec~-~.~ ]

r l o B ~ a a x & .

6o X O xe [ H aluIH ero [ ~ ~'~pceHIH ~ H m 5~01Oy~IHIWb [

a TaK~Ke

1 . MtKO I a . p a a M " . J oyeo I ~ o y . o c = . I oboe . . I 2. cap'p¥ J HMk XeH& C~. J C~OSO~HyI0. J a He paSy. [

3. H I oyeo I"p I I . s .o , , i I 4 . x ~ c ; m I "~'~a ] c -oez 'o J a'b Mz~p~, I n o ~ a = x . . . I ,

62 B.H.Tonopoe

l l p ~ e M ~ o r - r I P ~ d ] ~ I OTI:)b1~OKMO~eT TI:)~U~J~OBaTI~r--q H R H a ~ e :

2. o .oc . ] c s o e . l . 3 . C a p ' p y [ m ~ I x e e ~ c a . [

4 . c B o S o ~ J 0 . [ a He p a S y o . .

H e ~ e :

Ze

2, 3. 4.

5. 6 .

7.

8.

9 .

10. 11.

12. 13. 14.

15.

H T o ~ .

aKO ~ T

T e r n a ] mno~c,~ ~ ~ c a a x ~ ~ ~ e r o . I

e ~ e l ~ e o ¥ l ~ , n - ~ l o y ~ p ~ m u m e , ~ 0 e .

a ~ e ~ x e ~ r ~ T a ~ m n e c ~ .

~ c t ~ ' b I ~ n ~ o ~ I ~ i o p n a H ~ c T t ~ ] p t u t .

H n H p ~ I B e J ~ K b ] T e r i b u e M b I OFnHTIam~H ] ~ B ~ a .

c ~ 3 a a a ~ ~ Ha e ~ o I a e c e n ~ e I ~---6-m~a I ~ ~ e m ~ a . I

( c~ . : P i c c h i o 1973=351-316).

B O~HOB~ OTHeCeHH~ ~THX OTI:N~BKOB K CTHXaM~e: I [HT BBQ- ~QHHOe ~HKKHO nOH~TH~ U c o n c e p t ~ a ~ s c a n s i o n u KOTOpOQe O~HaKOe He HpS~0npP~II(~IFIeT HeKoQI~) e~HHOI~) C~0COOa q T e - - HHJ; TaKHX CTHXOB# n p H 3 H ~ a e M o ~ O eDpsBH3I]bHMMe. ]~46CT~ Q T(~M# ~ p H 0 e r s ~ K S T O M ~ n p H H I I ~ D ~ KaK K KpHTepI~0 t O K ~ - B a e T c E BO~MOXHI~4HCTOJIKOBaHHe H p ~ t l a ~ p y r H X MeCT H8 C3B KaK C T H X O o 0 p a ~ H X . H H T e p e o H o , qTO B ~THX r.Uy~SJIX Ha0T~)~aeTCH O T ~ e T ~ l B O e T ~ O T e H H e H ~ CHHTaKCH~eCKO~ npaBI4~ILHOCTH (HHoF~a ~ O B O ~ O R H ~O ypOaHR n e K c H q e c ~ x nOBTOpeHH~# He r o B o p ~ ~ O BocnpoH~B~,~eHHH cepI~H O~,H- HaKoBI~X MOp~O~O~H~eCKHX ~ e M e H T O B ) . C p . # H a ~ p H M e p |

2 . ~ HacTaBH~qe ] 5 ~ - ~ o s e p ~ 0 .

e'C~osO o 3uxo~e u f~ueoOumu" 63

3. ~ I rzpa~=o~0 I e~ I m~'z~,ze~,,~. 4 . ~cp,rmoc-t"L~ I r rp tno~caa '~ .

5. ~ c ' ~ . o ~ I m~o:~'~ . c ~ c n o ~ I ~.~a.~. I

"~. ~ , ~ . o o - ~ , . ~ I ~ x o ! ~ - ~ , ~ . o ~ I 8 , ~ o y T s a p z ~ 0 I s~a't"o~o J K p a c ~ c a , .

9 . T ~ ~ ~ [ W u e c T a a a I mayo. I

10. s ~ I m.x~s3.e. 11 . ~'~ I ~'~ 1 a . r ~ ' ~ , ~ I x ~ , ~ e . , ~ . I _

1 3 . ~,~ i G t 1 ~'~uos~tuam, I no~o~ "~* ! 14. ~'~ i ~ I ~ ' p a . ' m ~ r ~ 1 . o ~ c o ~ e . I 1 5 . 'z~ I 5~ I 5 e c ~ p o a ~ J n o ~ p o ~ a ~ . J

17. oyGor~M~ i mGora~ea~Le

x e ;

~194a-1945)

1 . xsa~.~T-- x e I n o x B ~ r z ~ I r ~ . 2 . p~.,a~cKaa I c T p a . a I n e T p a I " n a o : w a . I

4 . a c ~ a I i e C e c b I H . a e ~ ! i w a . . a I ~ - ~ o s ~ = a . I 5 . i s ~ a I e m ~ . ] e r ~ n e T b I M a p x a . I 6 DCA'I c T p a ~ I " Z'p~,~ I " m~U'~.e l '~==='- IH c.,za~,,,T~, l

8. ~ e I sao~-zm, a ,~ I zlpasoc.aaB.'a, a~p~. I 9 . . o x B a ~ , ~ = e l H ~ . I no ¢~,z~ . a m e . . I

G ' b T B O p b W a a I ' o •

1:1. .az~ez'o I o ~ ' ~ e J ~ I " . a c T a a . . . a . I 1 2 . ~ e ~ x K a a r o I ~ a r a , a . I , a m e a I s e M r ~ I ~ o n o ~ e p a . I 1 3 , ~ a x a I c ~ a p a a ~ o ] , ~ o p ~ I c-ITa ~ e I c ~ a a . a a ~ ' o I

C B ~ T O C . ~ a B a | T.n.. (184G)

H, III,I X e -"

64 ,B. H. To~zopoe

1 . T e 0 e z e I ~:aKo I n o x a a m u ~ I

2 . w , ~ e c T m ~ I H c ,~aaHu~ l

I I 4. np~M~0~cTBeH~m I Bac~u@e

6. ~ p t n o c ~ z e I ~ c~m~. I 7. x a I < o a o TI'I I ~ -~o;~a#te I , ~ , s ~ a m o ~ . I 8 . . ~ K o I ¢o0o.0 I n o s . a x o m , I ~'~- I

:tO. ~ , o I ¢ - o ~ ' , , I n o a t n e . ~ . e ~ I 1 1 . n o , , c e . I I = . . o e H I c . . a . . . ¢c , . ,

(187o~

HOnH~R y q e T no~oOHhUt MeCT H BOSMOXm~ HX H H T e p n p e - Tat~HR H e o 0 x o ~ M ~ L c Z 0 o ~ e e TO~HOrO H ~ H ~ e p e H ~ H p o B a H H O - - r o o n p e ~ e n e H H s n p o c o ~ q e c K o r o y p o B H ~ T e K c T a H COOTBeT-- CTBS~0~HX B~BO~OB O Ca/~On MaHepe r lpOH3HeCeHH~ T~KHX "CTHXOOSpa3H~X" MeCT C3S. BMQOTe C TeMHCcJIe~oBaTe/L~ Ha ~TOM nyTH nO~OTeperaeT H HeOOMHQHHR~ OnaCHOCT~ BO3-- MOXHOR ~epeo~eHKH CTeneHH "CTHXH3aI~HH" TeKCTa. B H3-- BeOTHOR Mepe peqb H~eT O TOR xe ~ByOM~C~IeHHOR CHTya-- ~HH, C KOTOpOR npHxoJIHTCR HMeTb ~e~O npH HsyqeHHH Pe- He3Hca pH~M~ B paHHecpej~HeBeKOBblX TeKcTaX ps~a eBpO-- neRuKHX (BK/~0q~ H BH3aHTH~) ~.HTepaTyp. H B TOM H B ~yrOM c~uyqae MeOTOM reHe3Hca HB;Un0TCE ~pa~MeHT~ TeKO-- Ta, O~OpMJIeHH~e KaK CHHTaKCHqeOKHR napa/~leJIH3M.

05pa~eHHe-npH~ K KHR3~ B n ~ p y COCTOHT H~ ~ByX qacTeR. ~ e p BaR, n~e~cTaB~o~a~ coSoR caMoe 3HaqH-- T~JISHOe B C~B Ope~OTOqHe MO~IHTBOC~OBH~IX CTHXOBt y~e B CH~Iy ~TO~O OSCTORTe~ScTRa B~eTCR cpe~ OCTa~bH~X qacTeR TeKCTa H~ B qaOTHOCTH~ DpOTHBOOTOHT BTOpOR qao- TH. ~OMI4MO ~TO~O, nepBaR qaCTb Bh~eJleHa H / 3 ~ y ~ H I ~ npH- ~eTaM~, Cp. ~Ba nepH~epHRHo paono~oEeHH~X H~epaTHBa, KaK 5Mpe3~Hpy~0~X co~epEaHHe OTpMBKa ("B • C T a H H ... paAyHC ~") r H ~Ba O~HaKOB~IX BOKaTHBa B Tex ~e ~O3H~HRX ("~ qeOTHaa ~aBo"), BOOhMHKpaTHO Y~OTpe0~Lqe-- Moe m~ (Nom.Sg.), Ha*~HHa~ C "T~,~paB~O~ 0~ ~0~qeH~..."

r~OTHBOnOCTaB~eHHOe OTCyTCTB~0mM ~O H noc.ue (ecT~ O~-- Ha~KI~ mo6o~) ~Toro MecTa. B TOp a R qacT~ oSpa~eHHR-- ~pH3~Ba~ ~O~yCKa~aR TpRKTOBKy ee H KaK C~/~OCTORTe~Is-- HOrO OTpUBKa ("~pe/~O~HTBa"), o0pa3yeT nepexo~ Me~oIY nepBoR qaCTS~ H "MO~HTBOR" (qacTb III). 0Ha OS~RcHReT, pa~Hqero coBep~aeTcR ~TOT npH3MB K Bna~HMI~U~

n C ~ o 6 o o 3GP:O~e ~ ~ . / / a ~ O a ~ u ~ 65

n O M O ~ ~ = ~ w se~ c~oe~ ~ m . m 0 . u e ~ . . . I ~ a C'bXlPa--

HHTb a a~ MHp~. ]~ ~oBbp~ ... H ~a c.ua~HTC~ ~

.eEl n p a B o B t p ~ e . H na x n e H e T c a BC~KO epeTHqbCTaO H

r ~ u a . i " ac~xoa c x o p ~ ~ c ~ ¢ ~ l . ~ a . =~ve xe =OMO-

3IHP.J~ m~t~ TBoeM]bo ~ o a ~ p H ~ C b x a l r a H t ea~P_J~

r e ~ p r ~ . , a~ c ~ n p a E i . , n o y ~ l - y ~ ¢ Z a n p t r u ~ T ~ . H

B ~ n p H c T a H ~ H H S e a a r ' o s a B t l T p ~ a npHcTaTH. H e s p t n e o l

KopaSnb~eBHl~H B~p~ CbXpaHbln~. H cb~5-faTecTsoU.[

~oSpu~M~ ~t;n~ ... (1945-195a).

H p o c b S a o MO~IHTB~ CHOBR B O ~ B p ~ T H~C K C e M y B p ~ e - HH -- K BpeMeHH n p O n O B ~ ~HTaeMOR HJIapHOHOM. BMeCT8 C ¢eM ~ T a n p o c ~ S a O MCUmTae 3 a T o , ~TO B a x H e e H ~ o p o ~ e BCe~O# ~ e e C T ~ ~O~TH MO~HTBat "~pe~MO~HTB~ ~ ~ H ~O OT-- Home~mo ~ n p e ~ o n a r a e M o R M O ~ T B e B~Ia~dM~pa~ H ~ o OTHO- ~ e H H ~ K TOR "MO~HTBe" , KOTOpaE o ~ p a ~ F e T q a c T b I I I C ~ B t T . e . ~ H a J I B c e r o ~M.RTHHKR.

~ T a ~oc. r Ie~H~R q a c T b e B ~pHHa~leXHOCTH KOTOpO~ H ~ R - pHOHy HHKTO He COMHeBaGTCR (CM. B ~ e ) ~ ~ p e ~ c T a B / L ~ e T ~ O~Ha~O~ H a H M e H ~ R H H T e p e c c TO~KH 3peHH~ T e ~ O M e c T e C~B B / I p e B H e p F c c I ¢ o R ~ H T e p a T y p e . 0 c o S e H H O ~TO OTHOCHTC~ K BTOpOR nOnOBHHe ~TOR ~aCTH, npe~cTaB~eR co~oR CTaH~apTHI~ TeKCT "Bepy~0" (1995-2005) H COOTBeTOTByI0- ~e e~o BapHallHH: nRTHKpaTHO nOBTOpeHHOe "B ~ p y ~" -- OT ~epBoPo C31oBa BceR ~TOR qaCTH ~O 3aKJII0qHT(~'I~HO~O aS~a~a. ~ "TaKo B~p~0. H He ~OCCLt~0]C~o.."I Cp. Ta~e

c a t p o m n o ~ n a . a l m c a ; c ~ 0 5 o s ~ m ~ a ~ p o ~ ~ n 0 ~ c ~

H e p s a ~ n e n o ~ o a ~ . a ~TOa v a c T H ( I I I ) xaK u e n o e CaMOCTO- ~Te.~lbHa Ht HeCOMH~HHOe nO CBO6n nOgTHKe C O n p H p o ~ H a ~ByM npe..-~..-ymHM qaCT~M ( I H I I ) , XOT~ BO~MOXHOCTM ~e- - MOHCTpaI~HH nOgTH~eCKO~ TeXHHKH 3 ~ e c b CHJIbHO OrpaHH~eHrnl O~II~HM K 3 I ~ O B R H ~ X R p a K T S p O M ~TOR nOO6OpHO~ w (B I I J Ia - He HCTOqHHKOB) MO/£HTBM. ~ H TOMt ~TO HeKOTOI~LIe OCO~8H- HOCTH ~TOrO n ~ O ~ T e K C T a e ~ F ~ p T ~ p o H ~ I I 0 C T p H p o B a H ~ a ; x e e w H~JKHO y K a S ~ T b C~v~II~ ~ S B i . I M ~ op~aHH3ylOIIT~ I lpHH~Hn B ~TOR ~epBOR nO~OBHHe ~aCTH I I I . ~ R B ~ e T C R ~ o c ~ I e ~ o B a - TSJIbHOCTb HMnepaTHBOB (HX r o p a s ~ o 5 o n e e 50 B ¢ p a s e ~ - Te3IbHO KOpOTKOM o T p e 3 ~ e 1 9 5 5 - 1 9 9 ~ ) , B~OTynaI01X~X.TO nO- O~HHO~Ke, TO a n a p a x ( o S r ~ H o n o c T p o e H H u ~ n o n p H e ~ n y KOHTpaCTa) t TO B BH~e ~OCTaTOqHOJ:UIHHHO~ H~ ~ a B H O e t c n n o h m o R ~ e n H . Becb ~TOT TeKCT " n p O ~ T " HMIIepaTHBm~H,

6 6 B.H. Tonopoe

H OHm ~epXaT eI~D B ZeCTKOR p a M K e o HO CyTH ~eJ1a, IcpoMe

~l'OI~ "HMnepaTmHmo~o" c~o~ H OqeHb HeSo/F=U~O qmc/~a ospa~emHR E BOFy# C~u~eCTByeT ~ "HO~COSHa~ ~ qaCT~

~ p H q ' H H H O - ' O S ~ C R L H T ~ b H O ~ O T H H ~

__ A

C~I= C~ pa5~ CHOHIMH, M~I ~r~10~e TSC~rlo TeSe ] I . ~ e M b .

TOS~ npmna~aeM~ ~ TOS~ Ca MHnm n~e~ (196a) [T°eo --

Ta~ KaK 1 ~ I . o . , HOC~KO~Ky M ~ . o . ]

H ToHo Cpo ~TOT "HMIlepaTHBHI:~R" KOHTyp TeKCTa~

B ~ 3 ~ a ~ , ( B ~ a ~ m ) - - n o M A H m - - c 'h- 'cm - - H e ~ C T a H m - - H e T • B e p ~ H - - He B ~ 3 ' ~ m y I ~ a m C A - - H~ p ~ H ( " H e 5OHC~ ~ , B ~ a -

BHCF, MOCTH OT " p ~ m n) 1 ~ -- He Ho~.M-IH - - H p ~ H M H - ~ a -

~ a , t l m -- OyKpOTH -- Oy~OXH - - M m ~ o B e ~ - B e H~H~.Um - -

c n c m o y ~ e . ~ p ~ , H p m l ~ p m . HOC~TH. O y M H ~ o c e p . u ~ C ~ - - n o -

MI~'IyH - - HOMICrlyH-- me C~TBOpH -- B ~ a m -- O y c T a B H -- T T ~T~aX5 -- noMH,'IyH -- me Nn&qm -- npmqacTm -- me maHo~

-- mm nptnam -- (H)e HoHp~aH -- Ma~ HOKa3HHo a MHO~O

HOMH~Ho ~a311~ ~BH. a I MH~OCTHBHO HcU~Ho B~Ma[~

NcKopSHo a B~cKop~ ~Heic~.m - H~ OyKpoTHC~ o~r/~Ho-

cep~c~ -- Hpo~I'oF0~H -- HpOFOHa (Hpo~oH~H) -- OyT~ep~m

-- oyKpOTH -- OyPO53H -- ~po~m -- oyMy~Ipm -- p a c H , m ~ (pa-

ce.Jim) -- B~gpacTm -- c-.Sroo~m -- c'n"cm -- HoMm~oym --

OyT~H -- ~0pa~oym -- oyM~tnocep~ca -- HoMmnymo

K o ~ a B H a q a . n e a H a n m 3 a c T p y K T y p ~ C3 B 5 ~ n a n o , 1 ~ e p K - . H y T a o c o 0 a ~ p o ~ b KOMIIO~H~mOHHO~O y p O B H ~ B ~TOM n a M ~ T - HmKet TO HM~YlHCb B E H ~ y He TO~bKO ~paBl4LYla c o ~ e T a m m K ~ a c T e R T e K c T a B ~ I o e e mo H C a M N p H H ~ H n c o e j ~ m e - HH~ /II0~blX 9 ~ e M e H T O B # ~ B / L W . 1 0 ~ C ~ CrL~OmHblM KaK B T e K c T e ( C H H T a I 'Ma THKa) w TaK H B e ~ o napa~4rMaTHqecKo2 CTpyK--

T y p e (ypOBHH 8 H a J I H g a ) . H3 M H O F O q H C n e H H H X n p H M e p O ~ , HpHBo.u, HIV~IX ~O CHX H O p , BI, f~HO, KaK I~IHpoKo H ~/DY0OKO n p o s H ~ u c e S s 9TOT HpHH~m~ B C 3 B . O~HaKO B CH.11y c ~ e I L H - ~ m q e c K H x 3 a ~ a ~ , HM~BaBI~HX OSR~IbHOe ~ H T H p O B a H H e , . H O / I ~ e e B c e ~ o n p e ~ c T a H ~ H o ~ e ~ C T B m e ~TO~O H p H H ~ H n a B CHHTaKCH- q e c K o ~ c ~ e p e ( a o T q a c T m m H M O p ~ o ~ o ~ m q e c K o R t K o ~ a e e

" C ~ o e o o 3 a ~ o ~ e ~ 6 ~ u e o O = m u " 6 7

9 ~ e M e H T H C T p O V O X o H ~ p y l o T c . q s a . ~ a H ~ C . H H T a K C ~ e c - - KO~O y p o B ~ ) . HO~TOM7 Ha noc .~e~Hi~x c T p a H H I l a x 9TOn p a - 5OT~ B x ~ a m ~ e n p e H M y m e c T B e H H o 6 F ~ e T y ~ e . n e ~ O n O g T H ~ e c - - EOR Te.XHHKe Ha T e x ypOBHEX# KOTOI:~Ie ~ O CHX h O p He 3 a T p o H y T ~ a H a m z ~ O M H . U ~ a H a . r m ~ H p o B a n H c b ~ c n o p a . ~ e - CKH. TOw q T O ~ q l O M H H a ~ o c b XOT~ ~ a x e B ~ y I ' ~ CBn3H# H a ~ e T 3 ~ e c b , o T p a x e H H e B O S O S ~ e x x o ~ ~opMe H B BH~e ~ - - TaT~ o p H e H T H ~ y ~ x c ~ H~ B o c n p o H s B e ~ u e H H e c x e M M n p ~ ~e BCe1"ot a He COOTBeTcTByK~HX qaCTeR TeKCTa ~aM~THH-- Kao

0TMeqeHHOCTb H BaXHOCTb ~OHeTHqe CKOPO FpOBHg B nO3TH~eCKOR TeXHHKe ~L~apHoHa He BU3~BaeT COMHeHHR, HOMHMO pR~a~pyr~x cooSpaxeHHR, s n e c b He paccMaTpHBa~- ~e~x~ B no~b3y cKa3aHHOI'O I'OBOp~T TaKHe ~aKTM# KaK BK/H0q~HH~ "3ByKOBOR Hr~ w B H~HO M M~CTe TeKcTa (HeKo-- T O p e e K m 0 ~ e B ~ e ~OBHU.HH) H B CBE3H C O D p e ~ e . n R ~ a M H C3~ HOHHTHR~I H HM~Ha.MH~ R CHTFaI~H~Xe K o r e a pHTOpI~IeC-- KHR KRHOH TpeflyeT ~pHB~SqeHH~ BHHMaHH~ K BHOBh BBO~H-- MOR TeMe ("3BOH")~ H ToD°; HaKOHe~ O BHHM~HHH E ~TOMy ypOBH~ OpPaHH3a~HH T e K C T a CBH~eTe3IbCTBy~0T H c . u o x ~ e 3ByKOBbl8 ~ o c T p O e H H ~ OCHOBaHHM~ H~ T O ~ K O Ha ~OBTOp~-- HHH HeKHHX 3 B ~ K O B ~ ~OMHHaHT~ HO H H ~ HX CTa~EHBaHHH~ KOHTpaCTe C HOCJI~~ePo CHETHeM.

Ha~a~o C3B, npe~cTaBnm0~ee coSoR ~HTaTy H3 ~yKH I= 68 H HCHO~SS~eeC~ KaE OS~HOe pHTyaTl~HOe BO~P~RD/e-- HHe~ OTMeqa~X~ee Ha~aJlO cJIy~SM~ n~oHoBe~ H T.H.# He HeRTpaJlhHO B 3ByKOBOM OTHO~eHHH~ OcoSeHHO 6CJIH HMeT5 B BH~y OTMRqeHHb~ xapaKTep qJI~HeHHK ~pasH H CaMOR Ma-- HepM ~ T e H H S , H a ~ p H M e p :

B n a - r o - c . . n o - s n e - s b V o - c n o - n b E o - ~ H - s p a - H - n e - B b [

~-KO HO-C~-TH H C~--TBO-pH H-saa-sne-e'i-el H I 0 - ~ e - M ~ C B O - H - M " . [

(co cxeMoR 15 -7 & 14 - 6 c TeM ~e HpHH~HHOM yMeHbNeHHE CT~OKH Ha C~O~ B CO~OCTaBHMb~ qaCTRX). 05pa~0T Ha Ce-- 5, BHHMaHH~ Ta,He ~eTa~H, ,aK ,oHueHTPa~H~ s B y x a ' P ' (¥) B nepB~x cnoBax TeKcTa (tO .... ~O. ,. r~... I~) H nO-- M~HHpOBaHHe ~aCHOPO,~O ~ (~O... CJIO. o. ~O**o C~O..o BO... BO...), npeo6na~aHHe 3BOHKHX cornacm~x (B nepBoR CTpOKe HX 9~ B H3BeCTHOR cTeHeHH OHHHO~Kper~lem~ ~# 'p'~ 'H'~ KOTOp~X 3 ~ e c b ~eCTb; C p . OCO0eHHO ~'~e B Hep- BOM C~OBe ~ a , , , ~ o , , , ~ e o , , H ~ a n e e n e , , . ) H a ~ P ~ y ~ (C ... CH)# HacToR~HBOe ~o~epKHaaHHe o~pe~e21eHHoR HO-- CJIe~OBaTe.TIbHOCTH 3B~/EOB (C.FIOS,,, ~ , , , ~ e B , , , C , , , C , , , 3 , . , a b e , , , ~ , , , C a , , , ) ~ HpaB~o~o~oSHo ceMaHTH~HpyP..MOR KaK 3HRK C ~ aB ~ --C ~ a B O C ~ O B H ~ T.eo TOR Te~

68 B.H. Tonopoe

K O T o p a ~ n o n x B a ~ e H a n o , ~ T H c p a s y z e H a RBHOM BH~e = ~ . o . F~3OC, J Z a B J ~ , oon H Heo,..~HOKpaTHOa BCeI',IX~ IlO,~l-- qepKHyTO B O C ~ H 3 B O ~ H T C t / Ha rl]pOTRDKP.,RHH BCeI 'O T e K ~ l ' a . l ~ T a T a HS Y/y~m a ¢ e K c T e C 3 S s e ~ o B e ~ e H a ~ o ]¢OHl~at BTO-- p a ~ e e q a c T , - O T C e K a e T c R H B M e C T O H e e n o ~ c T p a H B a e T c K HOBOe n p o ~ u o m E e H H e , n p H c o e . ~ H e H H o e c noMoznb~0 c o ~ 0 s a Mt K o , e C T e C T B e H H O r / e p e x ~ H K a l o m e I ' o c K c Mt x o H 3 I I I ~ T a T u . 05e ~TH ~acTH (u~TaTa H ee no~IxBaT-npo~cu~em~e) oOpa- 3y]0T TO IIpOCTpaHCTBOr Ha KOTOpOM pasl~aeTc~ r/pOTH-- BorlocTaBJIeHHe COHOpHMX I//J H IID~o HX C~HOKa H yCTaHOB- //eHHe paBHOBeCHHt ~a~3MOHHHo EC/ZH cHaqaJ~a ITpeO~;lajlaeT '~' (ha....no... he... ~e... too..,), TO nOOTeneHllO Ha- pacTa~ulee ynOTpeO=leHHe 'p' (pa.,, pH.o. pH.,o) --BCe ~TO B IIHTaTe -- B~yl" CMeHHeTcR pe3KHM Bcr///eCKOM ~p~ BHe IIHTaT~ (pc... pb.. • pH... pa. o. ep,. o) BcKope ~- CTyII~eM MeCTO paBHOBeCHI0 {,, ,~ly ,, .pa ...pe ...he . . , p a , . . p H . . . ~ b . . . ~ b . . . ~ i . , . p ' - . . . ~ e . . . ) . C p . He- -

U ~ T a T H o e n p o ~ o y m ~ e e H e n p ~ B e ~ e H e o R B ~ n o u ~ T a T ~

MtKO H e n p e ] ~ p ~ n o K o H u a TBapH c B o e a ] I~O~IbCKMILM'b

Mpa~oM'. wne I P ~ O,-'T~ . . . ~ O ~ c o a ~ , c ~ ] ~M'. c . . o ~ K e -

aaH'~eMb r~OHOyTH. H1= ~ n p a B ~ t n p e z e i nneM~ aapaaM.~e.

c~p.zan,-IM.. ~ a . o . o M ~ . Hoc~b~e x e ~'~OMI= CBOHM~

wSHoane~ ' te na l . , - ,0 , - ,¢~a, a~ ~ . b -s,,,=l.o~,0 (168a-1685).

Cpa3y xe B c n e ~ 3a ~THM B B O ~ T C R O~Ha H~ a a z e ~ c l cao - smcx ¢eM C 3 ~ - xaam~ ~ c.aa, - , (~a x a a n H M l , e r o I o v ~ o I~ npocna~/~eMb xBa~HMaaro), ~oHeTHqec~H n o , ~ - ~lepEaHHa~ CHMMeTpHqHO pacrlO~lOXeHla~MH noc~le~oaaT~r/bHocT- ,~H ' (x)Ban' -- ' (c)naB' (H npo~onzeHHaE TeMOR IIOM//OHe- HHR-" mH r l O K . , ' I O H H M C ~ k ~..~Moy I eMOy I I O M J - / O H ~ I O T C £ . . . ) . C p . ~ a n e e :

~ I . e npoc//aaHTb. I¢~ He . o x B a ~ H I T ~ . ~1=

He no ~n oH HWb C a aanHlq~cTBa C~IaB~I ero (176a)

[C TOR ~e IIOC3Ie~OBaT~IbHOCT~-Z0 TeM] ~ H BCa 3e~&ILL ,~a I

f l O K . , ' I O H H T b TH C ~ , . o H X B a J I H T e I ' a . . , H

I rlOX~a//HTe BCH 3~0 ~'~e o o o xBa~IHO I.L'~I,~, l~He o o ,

Ha~b He0ec~l c~l aB a el-o ..o H XB aJ~la TBOa Ha

KOHbI~ ~" S ~ . . . ~la I x, a~l aT ~ HM~ ~ (1830-

184a)~ xBa~IHTb xe IIOIXBa~/HI~HMH l~ac/~ ...

%IT&T ~" H C//aB~TI~ , , , ~I o~Ba~IHM~b ~K~ H ~ , , ,

" C A o e o o 3 u x o ~ e u 6 A u ~ o O u m u m 69

M ~ nOXB a~I~MH o.o nOMHH~U0TC& H~H~ H C~O-- T

B&T~ o°° CIH c~aBR~H ~ C~laBH~HX~ °.•

(1845-185a) ; noxBanHM~ ~ ~e[cT~ H c~a~HHH

• .. X~ cnaBHTC~ (1875) H ~ ° ~

T o o S ~ e e H pa3~rm~HOe# KOTOpO~ x a p a K T e p H ~ y e T . E I B a K . r n 0 - ~ e B ~ x n O H R T r ~ C3B 3 a ~ O ~ H 6Aa~OOGmba o T p a x e H o H ~ a ~ H - - rBHCTH~eCKHX 5'pOBH~X TeKCTRw H a q H H a ~ C 3~5;'KOBOI~O. ~O-- MHMO y'JKe CKa3aHHOI'O O n p H ~ H a K a x a ~O KOTOphlMIIpOT~BO~O-- cra~nemd~pyr~pyry ~TH ~a ~OH~TR~e C~r~eC~BeHHO HR~O-- MHHTb H O6 HX ~S~XOB~X pas~H~sX= masc. -- fem., r~oc- Toe (O~HOKOpeHHoe) C~OBO -- C~O~HOe (~B~eHHO~) C~OBO, ~FC~OXHOCTb -- Tpexc~O~HOCTb (~pHMeHHTe~bHO K XI Bo r o q H e e , B m u u ~ o , H C X O ~ T b COOTBeTCTBeHHO H3 T~eX-- H ~ e -

~e~ CB~SH-pa3~HqH~ ~aKOHa H 5naro~aTH TaM ~ HRa~ M o ~ e . r ~ p y e T c ~ B ~ByKOBOR ~OpMe C.UOB, BHCTyllaI0~HX ~a K o S p a ~ ~T~X ~ByX nOH~THR Him HX o n p e ~ e n e H ~ o X a p a K T e p - e. cam np~e~nepenaus oS~ero H pas~HqHO~O nO uenHcuog, CB~3aHH~X C "3aKOH" H "5~aPO~aT~"• Cpo=

N ~ a ~ o a ~ . T~ n o T O M b On b • n p ~ z e C T ~ b • T~

noTo~b ]H c TH H a (170a~ c cne~o~aTanbm~ c,~s~z 'oM

axueHTa: I/ 3aKoH -- 6~FfTb --~ 2/ np~e -- ~OTOM~ --~

3/ CT~Hb -- HCTHHa) I~ [H ~8J1ee=] ~Spas~ ~e s a ~o H &

H 5~'FO~TH# aPap~ H capSpa• pal6oTHaa

np~e• TH noToMb I caoSo~naa (170a; r~e 05-

Hapy~HBaeTC~ CXO~HaE ~enb nepe~aq TOR ~e ~e~: I/

~aKoa -- 5nrT~--~ 2/ arap~ [arap~] -- tap'pc [oS~ee:

Ha~HqHe ~ B ~ ~OBTOpEeMoPo Sa~# O~HO H~ KOTO~ER

y~apHoG~ H ~P~I pa3~qHoe: TpH c~o~a - ~Ba ~J1o~al

-~ ~ - ~-~ ~ BSp~BHOR -- ~pHKaTHBH~R; I-OCHOBa -- a--OC--

HoBa] --~ 3/ paSoTHaa -- cBoSo~Haa [-aS~TH- :-O56~H-;

p .- : C/B/, cp• ara~b : ~ap'pa] --~ 4/ .p~-- ,OTOM~

In- : ~--~ n]~ ~ ' , --2K,~-- : OTCyTCTBHe CO~aCH~X~ ~ = O]) •

0CO~;~0 R ~ T ~ O p H ~ "3ByKO~O~O" npHT~XeHHE oO pa ~y l O TMH - - ~pO~OHTeKCT~ C I ¢ ~ e n ~ COOCTBeHHblM D ~ e u T p e e t c . 0 ~ u H3 calv~lX n o K a s a T e J I ~ H M x npJ,~QDOB OTMeTHJI~KO~OOH ( 1 9 7 5 ~ 12) z CaSSH C HMeae.MBna~HMxpa. Cp. , B 5onee pac~Hpee- Ho~ a e p c H H :

70 B.H. To~opoe

T n ~ I s'st~ i e l ~ _ _ (= i e p o y c a m ~ H t ) . . . (184e-186a). ~8

H e p ~ o ~ no.~OOHy10 3~¥KOByl0 H r ~ y ~ T ~ B m 0 T C ~ H . ~ p y r H e HMeHa=

BacHnle . . . cKn~ (1875); po~ xe ara]p_~ paBao

a~pa~la, paSa RoJ O ~ m ~ ' Z b . H ,ape ~" a,pa~rb H I MA eMy

s~MaR,n~ . ( 1 7 0 0 ) ; . . . . c T a l ~ y c - m o ¥ asRaaMA _. c ~ . U ~ , L

eM..~ !! n P ~ T .U~.eP --b'!'m • • • o y : l O a MaM~Sp ' i~ J c K a r ' o . . a B p a -

aM~ xe ... (171a) [cp.: --HpaM- : MaM~np--]; I~9 ...

no _~asap_H npo~__eel3_HHc~ ... (177a); T~OyS~ a_~pxar-P-~rb-

cK~ .... rempr~ ... (1910) [cp. apx=: =mpr= (=op¥=)]

H ;up , E~e O o n e e MHOrO~CJIeHHu ~HMep~, B ~OTOpUX 3B¥1co- a~e X O H ¢ ~ r y p a u ~ ~Ju~ c r ~ n n e ~ o ~ e m ~ r ¢ ¢ o H ~ e c ~ x ~ n e - MeHTOB n p e T e H ~ y J o T ~ a XOT~ ~,-~ np~07IH~HTe~'-Hy~0 ~X CeMaH-- TH3~/~H~ ~H :Ice peanH3~or H~e~ HHCTOR ~By~OBOR pHTOp~H. C p . HeCKO~bXO npHMepOB O5OHX THnOH~

9~a RaSPYam H ~ I CHOSO~ (1775); ... ~poc~. I

-- I oy~pacHma ... U~BH ... Tpy0a ... ~POM~. BCH ~Pa

Eo~aY mE~aCH , . o Ha , , . (187a); . . . ~pay . . .

pay~c~ m~p~oaa~aa . . , x.~ rpa~oy :Ke. C~ . , .

rpa~e ... ~ E2o0a ... (1295);;~° ... pat ~ H nntHe-

H'la. ~ ~_~a~a. H ... c,opS~ (1940, c MeHoR p : n-

: p ) ; x-b (xp .c~__oc~) . . . n p . p e H e M b x p ~ ' o m 0 0 " i e . I

( 1 8 7 a ) ; . . . c ~ c ~ o n e . ~ . . . I e~ . .o_ca~_e .~ . . . _ ~ u ~

CB~TI~ C~HH~e Ha seMm0 nolctT~ ... caoH ~, He ~naH l

HB~C_~ ... B~nnOTHC__~ (176a) ; . .. HJnOnb.CTkH nbCTH

... (1745); n'CTH ~On~CT'1H (1810, cp. B Henocpe~-

cTBeHHoR 5/~R3OCTH s0n... ~. • • ~ ) ~ ~bCTH H~OnbC~a

(1875) ; ~uon~cx~a n~CTH (1905) ; ... MpaK~ ~On~C~

... 3Op~ 5~--POHH~R'£a ... (1860-187a); n_~mOHHXOMbJ

c~ •. • npe ~ ~.ue~ ... I _.oxo~. ~o~a.u~ .ptnaJx~,)Mc~;

"C~oeo o ~xo~e u 6~u~odumu" 71

n O~OTHXOMC~ ... ne~a~.J¢~ .°. (1965) ; ... ~a He

~]nanoyT~, ~ ~ -eT-ep ,~J~ -~po~o ( 1 9 8 5 ) ; . . . ~ . c ~

npo~_~ralaxy ... (187a) ; ... 5u~c__OM~ 5t~ym~ . .. oySo-

~ noOp~mx~ ... (1965) ; .. ° ~pKBH /~L~eTy~H . o •

(193a) ; . . . m ~ . . . MH____HHTC~ 0° . B ~ t H H C ~ ° . . mmo-

z-aa (189a); Ma~u~ noKa_sm~, a M_~HOIrO no_mcLxy_ so

H~_.~H. a I MI~IOCTHBHO HCI~E31H° B1bMa31~ , o ° (1985) ~3~

,a;P. H e p e ~ x o T a l ~ e ~a~:T-~ ~By~OBO~ CHHTar'Iv~T~tKH HHOT~-- TyaJIH3Hp~IOTO~ KaK .qB.rleHHR HHblX (BbiC~I~L.~ nO cpaBHeHH~0 C ¢ O s e T ~ u e c ~ ' ~ ) ypOBHeR. B o,~I H H X c.rly~a.~w p e q b r ,~eT o 3 a y x o n o ~ o S ~ x , x o T o p ~ e ~ o r y T p a c c ~ a T p ~ B a T b c S Ka~ p ~

I,~CeO H Bene~ 'na lc~o (189(5) ; p a ~ p y m ~ H ,¢~T~. (177~) ;

~m~aaaa ... CJIaBUo (1966); noc~aT~ ... ~t.

(170a) ; palSoTHaa ... cBoSo~.aa. (170a) ; xepyJBm~

H cepa~m~. (1685) H T.n.,

H/~It~IH xaK 3JrleMeHT~ onpe,llP.~eHHblx FpaMMaTHqeCKHX ~OpM:

O OO~TBep~ . . . o Y K p o ~ . . . 0~r 'OOS~ . . . ~ . I I P _ ~ • . .

o¥ ' r~lan~ . . . oY~u~l,nocep.nk~c,~, . . . ( 1 9 9 a ) ; c o y ~ a a ~_~

n.,'IaBaH'J.H. B~ Teb~14Ua'~. I B'b a.rll~OT:~ . . . ( 1 9 9 a ) ; p a I

5 o T H a a . . . CBOOO,~Haa ( 1 7 0 a ) ; .UPF~He npm~eI :~ ~am~

BJ~IIQ HJIIR HH~K~.

B j~p y r H x c.ny,~a~x pevJb H~eT O pasHOl"O po~a. n O B T o p e - HH~X CnOB O,I~HO~"O K O p H R - ~B HenocpP.~CTBeHHOR 63IHSOCTH ( o M e x x o c ¢ ~ ) m m , m c c T a x T a o . C p . " ~ m ¢ ~ w ( 1 9 2 ~ - 1 9 3 a ) 0 11 Pa~w a T a l ~ e "~H,II*6Bb"; nS'0,SbaU~ n D p a ~ H b ~ na~exH~Ix ¢opMax ( 1 8 3 a - 1 8 4 a ) , 10 p a ~ " n o l K n o n a , T C A ~"~& . . . . 6 o ~ s ' r a n ~ x b . m e y - I K n a . A z 0 ~ . x c , ~ e ~ o y . . . . J n o x ~ a e.~ H ~ e n p l e M n e "Y~ ( 1 7 5 a ; B ~ y : ' ~ x B a p ~ a H T a x H H O I ' ~ a ~ o 0 a B J I K S T C R e I ~ B ~TOM ~ OTI :~BKe ~HCTHHHHH I I 0 - K ~ O H H H ~ ) ; "Ha H O B ~ Jrn0,m~ o . . BHHa H O B a a r o o y ~ e -

( 1 8 0 a ) ; " n o M H I n y e T ~ . . . o F MH.UO c e p ~ [ c , ~ , n O M H - - ~ l y ~ . . . M ~ I O C T ~ . . . M H n O C T H n p o c m ~ , n O M ~ I F H I - - - n o Mn~'~TH T - o i e H . . . ( 1 9 6 5 - 1 9 6 a ) ; n c a o . . ~ c a , , . . ' " C a . . o a c ' a J x ' b . o . " ( 1 9 9 a ) ; "TBO~ s ( 1 9 7 a - 1 9 9 ~ ) a ~ s m ~ ¢ o p ~ a x 22 p a s a ; " o y ~ e " ( 1 8 0 6 - 1 8 1 a ) , 5 p a s ;

7 2 B.H. To~.opoe

ICb(TO) He ( 1 7 6 a ) , 4 p a s a ~ c p . ~ e o n o s T o p e m m x c m o - c KopHEMH JC/LaB--e t eX~aJI--e m e ~ I ~ - - I e mCTJ[~aH--I ~ Tol Io

. O c o S y ] o r p y n n y o O p a s y m T ~ y ~ n e H m ~ e o ~ u o K o p e H m ~ e c o q e T a - m~ T~na "saBtwm0 ... saB~JT!b" (182a); "STn~ 3nt u (1785); "l~pacoTo~ yKpacH # (192a) ; "pa~Y~c~ ~Hp~oBaHHaa '~ (1925) ; "wOpa~oyH. pa~ooTb" (199a) H ~ J m s ~ H e i t Hm4 n p m 4 e p ~ .

143 np~.~_qH"~el'o MaTepHaJla ~H~HOm CKOJIH 3H~tqHTeJIbH~L~ ~aCT ~- 9JI~AdeHTOB rp aMMa TI~ ~e OK OR cTpFKTF~ BOBJIH- KaeTCs B nocTpoehvae 3ByKOB~ ~eneR H 5 o . u e e c . u o x H ~ x nO- CTpOeHHR° TOM He MeHee# ~TO O~CTORT~CTBO He TOJIHKO He CTaBHT ~O~ COMHeHHH CaMOCTO~TOJIHHOC~TH UlIO~TRU4HCKOR" I~aMM~THKHm HOw HalIpOTHBr aKTya31HgHpYHT BCTylIa~3c~IH B Hrpy r ~ a J ~ m T H , ~ e c K s c e ~ p ~ H XOHCTpyKu~, nOCKO~U~KF B ~aCTH CJI~aHB (no KpaRHeR Mepe) OHH cHaO=eHM BOB H e oOpa~eHH~ H paCCVA4TaHH~IMH Ha Jle~KO~ BocnpH~THH ~>OHe-- TH~HCKHMH npHMHTaMH o 3HaqHTeJl~HOe BHI~MaHHH l-pa~aaTHKO- nO~THqecKOMF MacTepCTBy HnapHoHa B "Hox~a.ue" y~e.~Lr~ RKOHCOH 1975; ~4HOl'Oe OTMH~HHO ~ XOTH qame Bcero B CB~H c ~pyI'HMI~ TOMaMHo IIO~TOM~ 3~leCb l~eJ1eOOOHpa~Ho oI~paHH~HTHO.~K yKasam~e~ ~ He.~OWOp~U~ ~HpT.

lloKa3aTe.~bHa JlH~Ha~ CTpyKTYpa C3B H He BapHalXHH B pa3HbIX ~aCTRX THKCTao B ~aCTH I ~paKTH~HCKH 5espas;~e~- HO I'OC~O~CTByHT 2--e ~I~O, HO OH~lqHO TOJlbKO B D~TaT~tX~ IIO~I'OTaBJIHB~X nepexo~ K ~aCTH II ("HoxBana")o ~TO 2-e ~m~o B 5vKa~aHHOM MeCTH pa~HoHarlpaB~leHHO. B O~HHX c . n y , ~ a ~ x o H o o S p a ~ e H o K l ~ o : ' y :

~a Hcno [ ~naTc~ T O 5 ~ m0;Z~e ~'xe. ~ ~a HcnoB~aTc~

c ~ H n o e T H T O 5 ~ I n a . o e ~ , , ~ e H M H ~ m T S O H M a • . °

no m~el.. ~soe~a ~'~e. ~a.o. xsalna ~soa .a

KOHUH~ ~ e M . ~ S . OylC./,~-4 H~ ~e ° ° ° H ~la rlo~HaeMb Ha

seJ~nH n~TH TBOH. S ... ~T~eH~H TBOH. (1835-

184a),

B ~pyPHx ~e -- K /II0~EM, KOTOpblH ~OJI~HM IIOqHTaTH Bo~a:

H BCH ~ S ~ s S B ~ t c n n e ~ T e p ~ M s ~ , s~ "~CKnHJ

K H~ TH 0"-~ P~IaCOM~ pa~OCTH o.. 110 HTH ~'~ Ha~HM~

I IIO HTe . ° . ~IoHTe pasaMHO . . . H xBaJIHTe ra

-cH I ~aS~H. H noxB a~IHTe BCH .mo]~t ' ie ... ,O-

C Jl • ~a H T e MeHe m0~'ie MOH ° • ° H UP'-° K~ MH~

-~H~J,-,TH. (1835-184a).

"C~q~o o 3a~o~¢ u 6~a~oo~," 73

TeM He MeHee, T~ B nepaoM cny~ae H e~ Bo BTOpOM OTC~T-- CTa~T (¢p. "ec~ T~" B u~TaTe, ~M. 1825). a~ HDOTHaO- rDO;IO~H~JK KaI~THHa B "llo~Ba~le"~ ~e l-oe a 2-oH ~ o leak 5H OT~mea~ Ha Bo~u0, H aBTOp eCTeCT~HHHO oSpa~aeTcR s l-oM 3xHl~e H K ~na~HM~py (2-oH ~o)• Cp.:

noxBa~ocb ~e H ~ o HO CHI~ Ha~eR . ° , Ha,-e~O

oy~mTeJ~ I --- xaraea, sa,-ea 3eMm~ (1845); ...

~C~ 3 e M . r ~ H a ~a B~cJIaB~ ~] . .. TO~ aa~aTb MpaK~

~ ¢ U O n . ~ c ~ ] H a ~ w x o . u ~ T H . . . c . u o ~ o e v a n b c K o e

~ o . ~ a .~t, n a [ ¢ ~ o a b ' ~ e H a , - ~ , c . ~ a s a c e S " s [ T e S e

xe xa~o n o x a ~ ... ~axo ~o~po~ ~ no~an.Mca ...

~ ' b 3 ~ a ~ [ ~ [ M ' b ° . . nO3HaXOM~ • ° , H~Sb~XOMI~ ° ° . ~ %ITO T H

n p ~ p e ~ e M b . . . He B ~ l ; m u r b e c H x-~ He x o ~ - r b e c ~ n o

~e~ ... T~ ~e ~nta~ atpoBa, no~cw~l~t ~ ~a

w e5 t ~eHbcTao ... (1865-188a)

H ~aJleQ Br~OTb ~O OTIN~BKa, HaqRHa~erOOR CO C31OB "B~-- CTaHH W ~ecTHaa ~JlaBO .oo" (1920-195a), r~e nOCTORHHO BCTpe~al0TCR 2.Sg.lmper., 2.Sg.Pron.poss. H ~axe cry~H- HHH 2,Sg.Pron°pers. m~ B pe3KOM XOHTpaCTe C Ilpe..~yI~HM H B H~KyCHOM pasMexeBaHHH ¢ npe~ecTaT~M OTpblBKOM, P~IH H~eT HFpa Ha Instr.Sg. No6o~. Cp.:

TO50~ 50 I WSO~XO~Cb °°° H TOOO~ npOCTpOXOMCa

• ,, H TOSO~ npo3p~XOM~ ... H TOSO~ npo~haxoM~

• o . T~ npaB;~o~ 5~ wS~qeHb . . . I T~ 5~ W qecTHaa

~a~o ... T~ 5~ an'qbJH~uocb K~pMHT~Ub. T~ 5~

a a ~ o ~ q ~ l m 4 " o o y T p o S t I o y x . u a ~ e H ~ l e . T ~ S t , ~B~,~OBH I l I a , ~

HOMOqlHH ~" ~ T b~ S t , ¢ T p a H ' ~ n O X O H I Ills ° T B S t , 5 e C - -

K p o B I ~ I H M ' o [ n o l c p o B b , TIUl 51~ ~ 5 ~ [ H M ' o s a c T a n H H l c b

• .. (1935-1945),

a T a l o K e r I e p B o ~ H q H i ~ e "W~O]10iIXOM'o oo o n o 3 H a X O l C b o o ° 111)O-- CT];)OXOMCA • • • H R C T y I IIHXOMI~ • • o (~ICXOMb • • . l IpOS]~ t ;XOM'o , . , 01~,XOM'h . , . l " ~ O I ' , ~ a X O M ' b . . , " ~ ¢ O ; B T a ] K ) ~ e c R C mo6oto o

qaCTb III ("Mo~T~a") npo~o~KaeT 3Ty xe m{H;~0. Cp.z

-- I o o . lI,pl0 H [ ' ~ H a I l I ~ b o . . rIOMAHH I'0,KO ~ " P ' b H H a . C ' b

74 B.H°To~opo~

• n ~ U ~ e T B O H . H m B ~ n a c H ~ T B o e H . . o u e m J c r a B ~

H a c ~ a ~ e I~ e ~ e ~ [ M ~ . H e ~ B e p 3 x s a c ~ . a m e H

I e ~ e c~r~ptznaeM~ T H . . . H e B ~ J s ' r H $ ~ n a x c ~ . . . n ~

pwI~ I¢'b F I~ .M 'b . . . np~l'IMI.I Hb l wSpa~aloo .~ X'b T O 6 t _ _ .~"

• . . T E 5 o e c H r b B n x a . . . H B b T O 5 & e C T b I B / I a C T ~ .

~ T H H a M ~ . ~ ~ OYMI~tTH . . . MIni Y d ( ~ e T B O H .

T e 6 e i H ~ e M b . T O S ~ n p H n a ~ a e M ~ . . . (1955-1965)

H T . ~ . ~ 3aKYA0qPITeJII~HOM m B e p ~ n o ~ ~ e l ~ R~BJI~eTC~ ~OpMa ~- - rO 0"IHI~a, HO 9TO OBCTO~ITe/IbCTBO He 3~,.]BI~C~O OT a B T o p a T e K C T a : B ~TOM C ~ q a e y H e I ' o He 5huIa B M ~ o p a .

COOTBeTCTBeHHO OnHCaHHOR KapTHHe ocoSoe nonoxeHHe B C3B SaHHM~0T PnaPonsH~e ~opM~ 2-Pc nH~a. 0HH TeM 5onee cneJ/H~H~H~, qTO YnOTpeS~R30TC~ B TeKCTe B BMCOKOR CTe~eHH H~SHpaT~IhHO. 0PpOMHOe 5on~HCTBO BTOpO/I~qHIa~X ~OpMIT~I~- craBneHO HMnepaTH~aMH. Pe~e xe ~op~ HH~HKaTHBa xapax- TelDH~ B TOM OTHOI~eHHP:, qTO OHH 2~p~Ke~ ~laPonoM d~NM H I~MeHHOR qaCTS~ npe~dKaTHBa ("TH 50 eCH ~m; "Be~IHK~ ecH ~-~"; "Sna~es~ ecH ..." ; "~ npan~om 5t [ m~,'~a~ee5 . .." "TM 5~ ... Ha[PH3~4~ mntH~le. T~ 5t a~l'qb I H~HM~ M~pMH-- Te~Ib ...n H T.n.). KpoMe TOPO, B ~THX C ~ X B l~eHTpe nO3TH~eCKOR HP~ oKa3~BaeTCE ~e c~4 P~laPo~ a ePo HM- eHHaE qaCTb, KOTOpa~ Hepe~Ko cTpeMHTCE KaK 51~ OCBOSO-- jIHTbC~ OT r~IaPo~ILHOCTH (no KpaRHeR Mepe OT ~OpM verbum finitum) H B~pasHT5 ceSE 5onee KOH~eHTpHpoBaHHo° ~sa np~Mepa. B nepBoM Hs ~x passHBaeTcx TeMa noc~e~.ero H3 npHBe~,sH~X npHMepoB ("T~ 5~ ... s a l r ~ M - , m~H'ie ..." H To/~.), HO ~laPO~IbHOCTb pe~Ko oc~laS~eHa: "... npoca- ~'i~rb no~aBaa. I HaP~a ~Ba~. xa~e~a H I an~qH~a sa~- ~aa ..." H T.~. (1895). BO BTOpOM npHMepe Ka~ 5~ CHH- MaeTc~ np~J~HMal~H~# H THnHqHOe ypaSHeHHe "T~ eCH . ° o" & Nom. (Subst.AdJ°) npeBpa~aeTc~ B oSpa~eHHe, HHOP~a B SH- oe cBoePo po~a KeHHHHPa. Cp° "- * T~ eCH ~y~ npaB~... H T . n . ~ ~Ps~Ke npaB~. "c~cJly M~]CTO. MH~0CTHHH FH~-- ~O" (~875). TeM OTqeT~IHB~e B nO~THqeCKOR PpaMMaTHKe C3B po~b 2-PO ~u~a B HM~epaTHBe. HaCTOHT~bHOCTb, aKTy-- a~ILHOCTb STOR ~OpM~, 5~laPo~apH KOTOpOR Hep~Ko COOT~eT- C T B ~ qaCTh TeKCTa oOpeTaeT HHOR MO~yC C~eCTBOBa-- HH~ -- KaK ~aCT5 pHTya~la, coBel~uaeMoPo B MOMeHT npoH~- HeCesH~ ~aHHOR qaCTH TeKcTa, -- no~qep~HBaeTcH 2~eneH- HOCT~ H~epaTHBa BO ~pa3~ H CHHTaPMe (B ~Rqa~e ee B MOS~e# KOP~ TeMa pa3BHBaeTCE crescendo), nOBTOpeHH- eM O~HOPO H TOPO ~Ke ~aPona B Henocpe~cTBeHHOR 5~H~OC-- TH ~pyP OT ~pyPa, ~ensm HMnepaTHBHNX ~OpM OT p a z s ~ x P~aPO~OB~ COCe~CTBOM C ~OpMaM~ BOKaTHBa H T.n°~ T.eo

" C ~ o e o o au~o,~¢ ~ 6AuZQO=mU" V5

TeMH Cp~cTBaMH, KOTOI~e npeBpa~la~0T T~--KCT R 3ax~HHaH~e. HoKa3aTeneH H KpyP P~aHcuIOB, nO~q~Ul~tXC~ B 3TOR ~opMe= BCTaH5, ~ (yCTaHOBYI~HHe KOHTaKTa}; 11OMH~IyR~ cllacH# He OCTaB~, He O T ~ IIpHMH, yT~-r~ (rrpoc~Sa o cOXpaHe- HHH ~3~3OCTH); pa~rRCE, xBam~Te, noRTe; nOMOIIHC5. HMeH-- HO 3TH CL~IC~I~OMHHIf~¥10T B COOTSeTCTBSr~0~HX qaCTR~ TeX-- cTa. ~D, py I -He ~op~2-romulaHMnepaT~Ba, no CFTH ~ana, KOHHpeTH~HpylOT ~TH ~pOC5~# HHKOH~a, O~HaHO~ He ~O3BO~I-- ~ HM COrlpHKOCHyT~CR~ CO c~poR 5HTa. ~TO HaCaeT~ H nO-- ~O~HTe/f~HO BhII)a~RHH~X llPOCS0 (rlpHHaCTH~ yTBep~ YKIX)- TH, y~cu~, S a H ~ t ~ o X I p O r O ~ # ~M~(pH H T.n.) H oTp~a- Te~ISHO C~OpMy/II~)OBaHHMX oOpa~leHHR (He HaBe~H, He n l ~ - ~aR~ He nonycTH ~ T.~.). B ~ ~aCT~ DI)HMepOB ~TOHO pona ~K~ npHao~uac~; nO3TOMy 3~ech nemecooSpa~Ho yxa- 3aT~ MecTa CHy~IeHI~R TaKHX ~X)I~° Cp. 183~-184a (OT "S~J cnne~Te" ;Io "BbH&InU~Te", a c e r o 10 ~x:~p~ 2-i-o~11a Im- per.), s caMoM HOHUe I xaK MOHTa~H~ I~TaT$ 1925-1935 (cepHRH~llepaTHaoa ao 2 - o M m n I e , HaHHHaE OT "B~CTaHH" ~O "B~pa~'~c~ H I ~3Bece.,~c~, H nox~a~u4", B HO~D~eCT-- ~ e 22 ~opM) a "MO~U~TaeHHoM" O T l : ~ n ~ e t c o c T a ~ a ~ e M ~ p o " I loxBam~" ( I I ) H oxpyxe~-~oM c n e p e ~ (1926) H csaj IH ( 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 4 a ) H e c x o . u ~ , x ~ a H a . u o z ' H ~ ~:)pMa.,~ oT or3)a- IIHqeHHOHO x<p~ra ~eKcP..M: "pa ' / 'y~cA . . . pa'Is,,acA" B O~HOM c n y q a e ~ " p a ~ y x c A I ~ a e c e r ~ c A " ; " p a ~ y ~ c A . . . p a ~ y H c A • . . nOMO~CA . . . noMonHcA . . . " ~ ~ tpyroM; 1 9 5 6 - 1 9 9 6 (caMa~ ~nHm;an cepH~ x= 56 ~)ODM [CM. a,.~,e] • coc¢om~a~ ~s qacTK 1 9 5 0 - 1 9 6 5 , K y n b N H X a n ~ KOTOpO~ ~Bn~e¢c~ ~ - ~a.ubm=;~t "HMnepaT~am~" M~XpOTeXCT: "c"K'cH oy~e,t lpH, npHJ 3 p ~ . n o c t T ~ , oyz~Lnocep~m~lc~ n6M~ny~" ; H30THOCHTe,TI]~HO

~ = ~ T B O p H I • • • B ~ b 3 ~ a H o . , O y C T , ~ B ~ I e - - 4 n p ~ e p a ; H Hs q a c - T~ 1 9 8 a - 1 9 9 a # o T " ~ T ~ a ~ b " ~O " n o ~ " , 31 ~ o p ~ a 2 - t o m r ~ a I m p e r . ) .

B o o 0 ~ e c ~ e ~ y e T ~ a ~ e T ~ T b , ~ ¢ o ~ C3I~ ~ a MO p ~ o n o r ~ - e C H O M ypoaHe ~MeHHo ~ n a r o n B pasH~x e r o ~ p M a x

npHHa~ne.w~¢ H ~Hc~ HaHSonee ~KcnnyaTHpye~r~ nO~THHOR ~IP24(~HTOB CHCTe.~I. ~a~ H B c~srqae C HMnepaTH2aM~, r~a- PGn~Ha~ "c]¢na" no~lqepKHBaeTcE COqeTaHH~J4 COOTBeTCTByI0- IqHX O~IHOOOpa~H~X rpaMMaTHqeCKHX ~0pM B ~TIHHHbIX H npa- BHnbHO opraHH~oBamu~x (qame Bcero CHHTaKCHHeCHH) oepH- RX. 0~Ha H~ HaH0O~lee OTMeHeHH~X CepHR 5~Ke UHTHpOBa~Iacb (1765--1770) : Hnaron~e ~op~ npo~ej~nero BpeMeH~ ~ XOH-- CTpyKIIHH " I~HO , ~ " K ' b • . . I/~HO ~'~", XIOBTOpeHHOR MHOI~OMpaT - HO (Cp. : pacT£a~e . .. H~H~e -- np'laT• °.. npHCTaBH -- 110--

llOK~IOHH~aca -- np'il~Jle ... B~BI)aTHCa -- B~l~e •.. 11p'T- aT~- nocTHca ... noO~IH ... H~I~ .°. np~UIOEH- ¢~naa~e ... 3anp1~TH -- rrpocJle3Hca ... B~CK~D~CH -- B~c~;le -- ~Baa- x~ H T.~I.). llp~Mep~ 3TOrO THIIa MHOHOHHCJIeHH~, H B ;IaH- HOM c~yHae ~emecooOpasHo oHpaHHHHTbCR npHBe~IeHHeM

76 B.H. T o n o p o e

HexoTOpOJ t HX q a C T X . T a x a n o x a e a w e . , z b H a H r p a . - ~ o ~ a o p H c T a c R c c . P 1 . n p m z a r a c e _ ~ B K a q e c r B e o 6 ~ e ~ ' T a :

%" x ~ P - ~ r u ~ a H x ~ n p o c ~ I T H . n p o x a x e m ~ a r e , t a C T - , c ~ , J L ~ a

H c n p a B H . 6 t C H b l a H c n ~ l , u H . paP, n a ~ e I - I b l a o y x p t n ~ . M e ] p T - -

, ~ a - ,~c~p~c.x ( 1 7 8 a ) ;

T e z e ¢OpMbl, apalL~H]pOBaHI-~e rIOBTOpeHI~@M a x a K o " :

~a~o ~ t p o B a . ~ a ~ o pas~-op~JcA . , . x a ~ o Bl~lcenHcJ& . . .

XaKo a b S H c x a . . . x a ~ o r ~ ' ~ a c A . . .

H cpa3y x e ac.me.~ aa ~)¢m4:

T -- -- T m ~ o y TH npHnaxsy BOHA CZ~O J1xa. mKy;~' Hcrul ... T mK/J1* B1b~xycM ~ ,,1,.~I; ... (187(~-188a).

C p , Ta~:

n p ~ ... n p ~ s p % . . . . a ~ , c ' t a ... ( 1 8 5 5 ) ; ... c l~an '&~e

x e c ~ . . . c ~ o ~ . . . ~ p A c e . . , B ~ . u ~ s e , . . n o p o ~ c , ~

m S , u t q e c A . . . ~ s ~ , ~ e . . . ( 1 8 6 a ) ; . . , ; ; o ~ o a a . . . ~ e

(181a-1810) ~ Z[P.*~s

~ p y I ~ R H33II003IeHICblR n p H e M - c r ~ ( ~ H H ( ~ r ~ a ~ m ~ %opM

KOHKpeTHOM cj15r%lae a O~HOM H TOM ~e):

H Obr~K(~ H(~ H,~oJlOC~rl~MTe21e ~OBe.MC.,~. HI~ ,.. H Oy:Ke He "X

. . . c%rpaxaesb. H% . . . SH.wJIe.M~. oy'~e B e saKa;laeM~

•.. II% ... 14 oyze ...nor-,d~ae.,~b. s%) ... cl, nacaeMc~

(18:1a; cp. pon~ "oy~e", oOpasylomero pasxy H sa~alo-

mero pHTM %LReHeHHR); . . . H o~Ke He n o c J x t ~ y [ eMb

otcoM-, , , m , . . . c , m a m ¢ , , I ~ ' ~ . . . ( 1 8 2 a ) ; ~u0~'ie 5 ~ ' i ~

Ha~eKoxoMc~ ... n p o I SBaXOM¢~. H He "IV~eHC~ X~ 13IMICb.

H~ XpTiasbc~J~ 0naPoIc~OBHM~. He C%B~Ta TBOpM u ...

He pacn~IsaeM~ cn-~a. S~ pa~ n SeMa I ~3~%~aeJ~b, He

~poSo~aeMb peSp~, s~ ... n'£eM~ HCTOq~J SHK~ seT~s'~a

•.. B%SHMaeMb Ha HeMb , •. npt~aeMb He TaMM5 ,,,

soBeM~ ... He P~eMb ... He HeB~pyeMb ... Z'JIeMI:. ...

~C~oeo o 3uKo~¢ u 6~G~oOumH ~ 77

MO/UOCb ~ . .. {1825-183a); TOSOm 50 I WSOX~XOM~ .. °

UOSHaXOM~ ... 5~6OM~ ... ~po~xoM~ .... HaCT~--

XOM~ . . . 5~XO~Cb . . . I~pOCTpOXONC~ . . . I lpO3p '~W::OM'b ..~

-- {1935 194a) 5~XOM~ . .. npor~axo~ ... cna~m<b ... - ;

• * * TeSe H~e~b . . . ~pHna~aeMb° ] * * . T05~ CA

~eM~. cb]rp~xoM~ H snaa ¢~TBopH]xOM~, He COS~--

~OXOM~. HH C~ l TSOpHXo~rb . . . ~WJIOHHXOMb I CA . . .

C ' b . n t , ~ X O u . • . n p q ~ . n a [ x o ~ c a ~ , n o p a S o T a x o M c A x " p ' a x o s . . . .

5 m x o m , . . . x a e ~ c A r r p o c m ~ . ] M o m u ~ . K a e ~ c , ~ . . .

n p o c ~ , ~ - b . . . M o . m u ~ . . . ( 1 9 6 a - 1 9 6 5 ) . ~s6

Ha~m~e Ta~Hx npOTmKeHHUX uene~ -- eecoMHeem~ npH3Hax onpe~e~eHHoR pHTOp~ecKoR ~Om~ H on~e~e~eHHO~O ZaH- pa. 13+ ~a~o~ap~ ~T~M uen~M, O~HOOSpa3H~M B OTHO~HR~ HeKoeR K~0~eBOR ~op~, ~Ha~TP~IbH~J~ qa~Tb Bce~o TeKcTa C3B pacna~aeTcH Ha nO~TeKCTM C ~OM~HHpy~4M r~aMMaTH-- qeCKHM ~pHSHaKOM. C~M ze HaSOp ~THX ~H3~,aKOB H ~OC~e-- ~OBaTeJlbHOCTb HX BBe~eHHR, Mem~ H HCK~qeHHE nosBo~m~T COOTHeCTH ~aHH~e ~paFMeHTM TeKCTa C OCOSeHHOCTRMH aKTa KOMM~HHKaI~HH, xapaKTepH3y~u~ TeKCT H XaHp, K KOTOpO- My OH np~Ha~ne~T.

Ha ~OHe nO~qepKHyTOR P~a~o~bHOCTH C~B rpaMMaTHxO-- nO~TH~ecKoe OS~T~BaHHe HMeHH~X ~OpM ~ R ~ T ~epH~e- pHRH~H TaM 5o~ee, qTo ~enH HOM~HaTHBOB, ~OCTOEHH~e II~H COOTBeTCTBSr~X ~en~x verba finita (OCOOeHHO B 3-M ~H-- ~@), 3DR~eH~ Cne~H~HOCTH ~-sa RD¢ B~COKOR ~aCTOTHOCTH~ OCO3HaBaaMoR B pR~e CJ~qaeB KaK npHHy~Te~sHOCT~. Bo~- ee noMa3aTenbH~ KOCBeHH~e n~e~KH~e ~OpM~. B~pa~HTeJlb-- Hee BCeI~ ~Ke ~HBO~B~ecR npHMep~ c Instr. ~ cp.=

• ** (i94a)~ ~p~nolcT~0 H c~om ... M~bCTBOM~ ~e H

c~c~o ~ . . . (185a); * * * us~eTom . . . uaroTom rna-

no~ H ~al~ ... (1885); ... n~.o~ ~ p a c o ~ o m

o y ~ p a c H . I s n a T o M ' ~ H c p e S p o m , . H ~:a~-~e I H 3 . e . ' ~ . u p a r ~ m ~ - , .

~OCTaTOqHO OT~eqeHH~¢~ BmI'/~,~T nOBTOpeHH~ Dat. O~ np~- ~a~aTe~b~. C p .

l ' ~ x e K~ OySO I ~ TBO~a~e. K~ . C H I p ~ M I ~ K~ 5o~A--

W'£m¢~. x<'~ I . ¢ b , r ~ m ~ M ' b . ,~ , - n o a a ~ m I z~ ,~ , SC~M'~ T p e - -

7 8 B.H. Tonopoe

5 y ~ ' t H M b ( 1 8 9 a - 1 8 9 6 ) ; . . . H a I I ~ M I ~ W ~ t H ' t e . . . a .~ 'qb l

H~mCM'b ~ - ~ p ~ T e n , - . . . x WTF, MH OyTpOSt J oy ' x .~aze~ ' i e

Bb~OB~ J ~aM'b noMomHH ~" . . . cTpaH'H~n~Mb nOXO~ J we • • .

O e c x p o B H ~ H M ' b n o K p o B ~ . . . t 0 5 F , ~ I HM'b 3 a C T & n H H K ' b .

Oy6Or'HI~MH mOoz'a~eH'te . . . ( 1 9 4 a - 1 9 4 5 ) ;

E crya~eHHl0 A d j . B ¢ o p M e r e H H T H s a c p . - "H SOnn0THCA m¢~, ;~tB~J~t ,~HCCU ~ e s M , ~ n ~ I x 5ecxaepHem=z" ( 1 7 6 a ) . MeHee B~0aJHTeJlbHa JIOKaT~BHaR cepHR:

coymaa B~ paSOT~ B~ r~IOHIeH~H. BI~ 3aTOqeH'~J~. BI~

noyTe F. ] BH r~laaaH~J~o B5 TeMHHUaFo I a1~ aJIKOT~ H

, HarolT ... (199a),

ec31H oHa 5epeTcR caMa no ceSe. Ho 5~ZHT~BaR ee oKp~ ~ HHe - cnepe~H cepHB ACCo ("paTH~a nporoH~ I MHpH Oy-- TBep~° CTpaH~ Oy.~pOITH. ~JlS/~ OyPO53H° B31R..n~IK~ H~&~ • TpO3H CTpaHa~b. [ GO~ap~ Oy~pH. ~pa~ path [ ~H. ff~ka5 TBO~ BI~3paCTH. [ ~OCTOb~H'~e CBOe C'bS,~10,l~. M&I:KH H ~eHI~ H ~dla~eH~ C"~-CH"), C3R~ TpoeKpaTH~R ACCo OT eSCD ("ac~ noM~O~. BC~ oyT¢lnu~, ac~ uOpa~oyH"), -- noc~e- ~OBaTP.31bHOCTb H3 ~eBRTH JIOKaTHBOB .'rpHoSpeTaeT 50~ee 3HaqHTe~5.~R Bec, n0~epKHBaR nepH~epHRHOCTb H HeHa-- npaB~leHHOCTb H TeM "C~ OSpa3yR KOHTpaCT C ACCo C e~o He~epH~epHRHOCT~-ffi H Ha~paBJIeHHOCTHffio

B "Mo31HTBe" ~OCTORHHO aKI~HTHpyeTCR JIHqHOe H IIpH-- TR~aTeJI~-HOe MecToHMeHHe 2--PO JIH~a, qTO eCTeCTBeHHO B ~aHpe oSpa~eHHR--npH3hTsa, ~peTeH3~y~0~ePo Ha OC05~0 Ba)K-- HOCTI~, aKTygLYI~-HOCT~, H HaCTORTe~-HOCTb° C p ° :

n~'ie TBOH. TeSe J H~eM~. TOSt npHna~aeM~ J

TOSt C~ M~UH nteJ~. (196a); H M~ m0J~'le TDOHo

T - o a ~ a c ~ . ' r - o e I ; ~ o c T o ~ . ~ e . . . m , J T e O e

n p ~ s u ~ a e M ~ . . . ~ ~ T e S t . . . X~, T e O t . . . ( 1 9 8 a ) ;

T B O ~ O0 e c M b . [ T S O e . c ~ S ~ a H ' i e - I T a o e ~ p y ~ y .

~ t ~ O . , . ~ O ~ T e S e J w ~ t ~ e H ' t e ecT, - . . ~ x o ~

T e~ e J MHJIOCT~ o.. BH p&X& T~ oe ~ .o. B~ BO~IH

T aO eH. j ..o ~aPonpHsHpaH'le I Taoe ... ~poTHB&

] ~H~B~ T BO eMy ° ° • nO Be~IHI~H M31TH T B e H • °.

5naPoe ~ T e 5 e ... K T o O t ... He T e O e ~cTaana I I0qla . . . . T e 5 1 ~ o . o T,~, ~o° B'b I IUTH T B o a .~. .°

"C~oeo o 3u~o~e ~ 6~ueodumu" "]9

. . . T ,~ o r [ r , . u a M e , ~ , . . . p a o , - , = s o a . . . ~ c ~ r , , , e y

= s o " ~ . II • • • B o , , , o ~ s o , o . I , . a , c o " ~ , e c . ~-'~ , a ~

( 1 9 6 a - 1 9 8 a ) .

~ T H 3 a K r l 1 0 ~ Z H T e J I b H ~ e " T b l m • U T e S e " • " T B o H n H e T O J l b ~ O ~bl--

p a ~ a I O T p e a J l ~ h - y ' l o H ~ a e l ~ r l 0 C B R B b B O 3 H O ~ M O J I H T B y t HO H BbI31~Bc~0T X 5rCI431HB¢~0T ee a HaCTaKBaIOT Ha He~t Ha cBoe~ 5OI'OOT~:[~tHHOCTH. B 9TOM CI~:~C.P"ze HasBaHHi~e ~)l~e~ MeCTO-- 14~4eHH.q 2--I"O ~3.a- BaXHeRI~HR B qaCTH III 3 H n X HanpaB- ~eHHE KOMMyHHKaILHH, ripH~eM 3HaK nep~opMaTHBHoro THria= caMo ero BBe~eHHe B TeKcT ~-~e ~.en~eT BO3MOEHOR yKa3aH- HyI0 CBH3 TM .

0 CH HT aK CH qQ CK HX OCoqSeHHOCTR[X C313 ~OBOpl4~'lOCb Bb~le rlo llOBO~[bv KOMIIO3HD~IOHHOI'O ~:)OBHR[e ripI4~eM ,~OH-- CTpHpOBa~acb (pa35,MeeTcR, ;~aa p~ua CHTya~HR) Henocpe~- ¢TBeHHaFJ[ C B ~ 3 TM M ~ C I I H T a K C H ~ e c K H M H KOHCTpyKLI~HJ~MH H 3neMeHTapH~MH KOMriO3HIIHOH~ CxeMaMHo IIOHTOMbV 3~eCI~ CT6HT /IHIllb IIo~epKHyTb HCK~II0~HTeJIbHyI0 pacrl]pOCTpaHeH- HOCTb CHHTaKCHqecKI4~X paMOK THna "MtKO . , o ~KO# KaKo • o o, He •. • H~b (HO) •.. " H TIO~I~• 0HH He TO/IbKo qaCTI~ w HO H CFIOCOSHbl K O(Spa3oBaHHI9 ~,TIHH~ l~eFIeRw OpI'aHH3bVI0- IIIHX 3HaqHTeJl~bHI~e OTpe3KH T6KCTa. ~BytI~eHHOCTI~ HTHX CHH-- TaKCI~eCI~HX C~:peri OKa~aeTCR y,U, O 0 ~ l ~ CriOCO~OM I:~3"be,U, I4-- HHT)b ~B/IeHHR O~:~HOZ'O IUIaHa H coe/~HHT~- R[B/IeHHE ~y~OI'O rUZaHa° Bo~zee TO~'O, noqTH ~ec5 c~oR FI]~DTHBOriOCTa~eHHR TaK~K~ MO~eT 45MTb B~p~II C FIOMOII~ riOJ~OSH]blX CHHTaKCH-- ~ecMHX ripHeMOB. UTOSM ripe~CTaBHTb ceSe oO~e~ TeKCTa (H COOTBeTCTBeHHO OS~bel~ co~ep:KaHHR), OS~BaeMo~O uKa3aHHblMH cxpena~u~ B C3B, /~ocTaTOqHO Ha~BaTb pS~ MeCT HTO~O rial~qTHHKa. Cp •

~ K O ( . . . ~ K O ) . . . ~ O = nOC~JTH . . . ~ X O He

npeJ~p~ o . . (168a); , . o ~ . c t x o npHJvp.~ n p H s p H . . .

(1685); l~xoEe H K~ c a ~ . a p a m ~ H H ~'~al-',,e c~-c~. kG K O I'p~eT~b I'O~HHa ... [B HeKOTOpbL~: pyKOF[HCRX:

• .. ~0.KO eP/~a... "]

. . . ~ o c r i c k , x c x ~ , I~'zm ~'~a~e . . . ~ a ~ o o ¥ ~ m u n ,

e c ~ z . . . ~ ~ o T a x o 5~a~" ( ~ ' ~ o ~ e a o ; x e ~ ' 1 e . . . to, x o

~H rinOT~-H'IH . . . ( 1 7 5 ( ; ) ; . . . ~-~a. ~ e~oca~eH~.

B~CTb .. • H314~O tCtK O~K e H B~bHH~e ~.. (176a) ; I~ x o

• l~b (50 OSVTpOS& MaTep~-HI0 I pacT~e, H ~0. K O "6~

H3~e ~ la,-cTaa He ap~'~'~ . . . H ~a~ ,~e ( 1 7 6 0 - 1 7 7 0 ;

8 0 ,B. H. To~zoz~oe

B c e r , o I" / n a p " ~ o . . . w, x o m a CM. ~ e ) ; . . . Z~TO ~ b ~ s e -

n3.Z~ z0z~o 6 ~ H a m ~ ( 1 ' 7 7 6 ) ~ . . . ~ K o t~ c e S e [ wzZ'~mezz~.e

' I e c z ~ . m x o m T e 6 e z, m z x o c T z , . . . Hmeszze.,,a:, ~ x m o y ' x p e -

x A a p o c a . . . z-z~ ~ z < o T a a p x ~ . . . ] ~ zoo mcx,v, ,z~ . . .

X O H a l e ] p o c a 3 1 H M t , . . ]PO, K O l,I WX~bCb . . . I'O, K O

eCZ~ 6"1= z-zaz~ . . . z . a x o ~ u a x " ~ z ~ ~-"KO, nZ05el:Ib ( 1 9 7 a - 1 9 8 a )

Cp. Taloce 169a (3x), 1695, 1716, 174a, 1745, 175a (4x], 1775, 178a (2x), 1785 (3x), 179a (3x), 1795 (3x), 1805, 181a, 1815, 1825 (2x)s 1835, 184a, 189a, 192a, 1985 H , z~ . (xapaKTepHa IIpeHMSr~ecTBeHHaR KOH~eHTpa~RLK "I~KO"B ~aCTH T) ~ --

KaKo ... (KaKo): Kaxo B~poaa. KaKO pasrop~cA

• .. xaxzz B1=|oe/~cA ... Kalco ~1=s.cKa x--~. xaxo

npe~aca I eMy . .. (1875-188a) ; K ax o TH cp•e pas-

aep~ecA ... Kaxo ] B1=HH~e ... KaKo np~mtnHc, A Z"

KaKo OySO B~poBa ,,. (188•); BHXT- .°. MaKo ~KH--

B,~TY-. I l e a K o x p a m u , c~z C O y T b o . . I 1¢ a l e o ~5~" fo ]s '~p ' ie

~epxaTb. I --* xal¢o BI= ~-~a ~'Kam q~CT~T~. ] l C ~ -

K O C~aBaTX= X'-~• K a I¢ o no~u~alH~u0Tc~ sMeHm ero (193a)

l , $ 9 __

He ... HI~ (HO) : ... He npeslpt *-- HI, mnpa,~

... (168a); ..., He c o ~ T = , m m a~CTSmK~, m~ I

M 5° H 1= npEH~m4xa Hac~I~TbJI~(~MCR °.. He lob BpaPoM . •.

H I= CaMtMb 6k--OM1= I e~o. He K1= cTpaH'IU~U41=. H 1= ~1= [

HaC31~HHKOMI~ °.. (1695-170a) I ... H e I~I¢o Hel~m~.Ma.

Hi= oylTaeHa (170~3m oylxe He ¢'bps~TC~ B~ saKo-

m~ [ .°°:H% a1= 5~--~On~Tm I llpOCTpaHO XO~T~= **. He

mnpas~all0Tbca s~ Cn-'~m0T~=C,A . .. (173a) ; .. ° m e

np'~ox1= I pa3opHTb saKoHa m ~ HCnO~IHHTb ° o o (173a)

.... me "1=

C31OBmM1,, m e C1=B~Ta TB(.~pm ~" o ° . Hi= I - ~ K O pacn~ I TOM~

~OK31OHHTmCA• m ~ pac~mHa~b • . • H 1= p~IC~ o . ° [

~n~aaeM~. H e ,poSo;~aeM~ [ peSp~, m I, ~ mm ~" n~eMb

"C~oeo ~ 3a~o~¢ u d~a~odam~" 8~

•. • H e ° • • B~3HMaP, M~ Ha HeM~. [ H~ ,.. BC5 ~BOTb I

H~-r~ TOM~ r~aeMb. He TalO~ .,° H~ ..° 3OBe~b

o . • H e l " . n ~ b o o • HO oo° H e HeB~p~,~..b~• H 'b ooo

o y n o :Bal,0~e o . . o ~ e H e ~ a n ~ e . ° . H "~ XB~ n ~ P ~

• . ° o ~ e H e s a ~ a . n a e . ~ . o . H "b x c B e H~ saK~Tlae l~b

5~maeTb ... o~e He ~epbTBeH~a ~poBe o.. H

XpHCTOB~ ... KpoBe ... (181a); ... He py]ma~a TBOH

OyCTaB~o H~ OyTBelpxau0~a. HH OyMa3L~0~a •,° HO [

naEe npHnaPzuo~a, ne cKa3a~a | H ~ OU~HH~U0~a o °o

(1915-~92a)

c p . : a l c ~ e 1 8 5 a , 1 8 6 0 , 1 9 3 0 , 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 8 0 . C p . H HeKOTO- p ~ e ~apyrHe H B ~ e H H ~ C H H T a K C H ~ e C K O ~ O ~'DOBHHr S ~ e C b CI~6-- ~ a ~ U b H O He O T M s ~ a e ~ e e 1~0

H ~ . ~ C H H T ~ K C H ~ e C K O r O ~ p O B H ~ O~Opr~IF/HIOTC~ H T a K H 8 MapKH|:)OBaHHT-~e c x e l ~ = l r KOTOp~(~ I'IpH C O O T B ~ T C T B y i 0 ~ e M .YlQK-- CH~eCKOM sarlOTIHeHHH rlOpO3~l~U0T OTHOCHTe.T/bHO r I p o C T b l e e HO 3 a T O M a c c o B u Q ~71eMeHTbl e COCTaB~HIG3~Q ~ ' ~ O B ~ H b r l O 3 T H ~ 6 C ~ KHX O O p a ~ O B o T a K H e n p H M e l : ~ B 0 0 , U ~ n o M KO,~[II~ZeCTB@ T M e -

c T p a H H I I a x . C p . e ~ I e : " T O r ~ ' ~ ~ n H c ~ Ha n p ~ S~TC~ m,~eca c . u S ; J n ~ . H o y ; n e c a r n L ~ " o y c ~ ] ~ u a ~ ~ ( 1 8 1 0 ) c o cxeMoR ( a & b & c ) a ( b ! & ¢1 a a ! ) ; , . . . c 'b nTHUa--

H O T H ~ U ~ . ~ J = B t ; p b ~ ~ e ~ m e H ~ m " ( 1 8 2 a ) c o c x e ~ o ~ t ( a & b ) ( a I & b 2 ) • I',~le b H b I (OTqaCTH a H a i ) HaXOn--

~ T C H B OTHOIII~HHH r lpOTHBOnOCTaB~I~HHH~ ~o ° o M~'~IHMH 1 1 0 - x B a J n ~ . ~ e n ~ K a a . . . C~TBOJp~aaro ~ ( 1 8 4 0 ) , T . e . a ( I n s t r . ) n p O T H B O n o c T a B n e H o b ( A c c . ) ~ "o ° . T~ e C T ~

"B~CTaHH W qecTHaa ~naao. J~ rpoOa TSOerO. B~CTaHHo" (1920} CO cxeMoR al (&..,} & (ooo) & al -- H T.~o I~ CHHTaKCHqeCKH CTaH~apTH~MH TH~aMH oOpa~0TCR CpaBHeHHH~ B MOTOp~X# o~HaKo, Be~sR~4M c~e~yeT CqHTRT~ ~e~a~ee B Hx OCHOBe ~pe~cTaB~eHHe o xap~KTepe To~ecTBa (H/~ ~H-- ~OCTH) M ~ OOOHMH ~eHa~4 cpaBHeHHRo Cp.."

H ~a On~ ~c~ seMm0 W0~T~. J i aKo Bo~a Mopbc,aa

I CB~T~ C~HHH~e Ha ~eJ~Ho (176a); na He I H~BaTC~ ~-

~a Hx~ ~,o TeM~ I Ha C~T~ (1780)~ . o • B~CXOT~ C~0H--

paTH Jwk~a TaOao ~KO ~" C~OHpaeTb J ,OKOn~b n'Tenbu~

82 B.~.Tonopoe

. . . C 1 7 9 a ) z H s a x o s ~ noce~u~ ~ o B e ~ e p ~ J H ~ H s a p ~

n o t a t e ( 1 7 9 a ) z T o r a CKO~HTb ~ K O e n e H b x p o . , ~ " ( 1 8 2 a ) ;

H HSHmeT~ ~ O C B t T ~ ~-6"ceH~e Moe ( 1 8 4 a ) ; c ~ . ~ c . u o m ,

~ H q a ~ o . ~ MHI~OCT~Hm0 ~ K O rD~BHO~ H O y T B a J p ~

S~aTO~ xpac~cA (194a); H J e~e c~z-pluuaeM~ T~. aK~

J HoBoKynneH~H pa~ ... (1955) ; ... He TpHnHT5 Ha~e

leCTbCTHO/[IbJ'l'rO HOCHTH PH~IBa TBoe~Oo~KO cTeS~e

WrHA (1985) H T.H.

Bonee onocpe~oBaHa CBE3H C CHHTaMCHqeCKHM yDORHeMOS-- pa3oB, xapaKTepH3ylO~iHxc~ 9//H3HeR p E ~ a CHHTaMCH~eCKHX S~eMeHTOB H ceMaHT~IecKoR KoMnpeucHeR, cp.:

3alKOH'HOe esepo° (1805) ; CB~T~ pa3~Ma° (1815) ; ...

3Op~ 6"~-~o~B~p~a. (187a); CJlOBO [ S HeKOTOI~blxpyKo-

rmcsx: "~"e,e"] I e~a~HcKoe 3eMmo Hauno mc~a° (187a);

noy~HIHy~HTIa npHnn&TH (195a); KopaOnH ~eBHbl.

(195a) H T°no

H.,'IH pR[/{OM ~ p y r H X n p e o 0 p a S O B a H H R . 1~2 H O B 3THX C/15,"qaHX~ ~ a ~ H B ps..~Ie npe . .n ,~ . .ny~x (Cpo o c p a B H e H H H X ) ~ 1 ~ K O ~ HeKaH KOHCTpyK~HH ~OBO~HTC~ ~O ~eKCHqeCEOI"O ~pOBHH H B pe3y~bTaTe Hopo~IaeTCH H O ~ T I ~ e C K H R o0pa3# OH OK a- s ~ B a e T C E n p H Ha ~ e E a ~ H M K p e n e p T y a p y B e T X O- ~ HOB O3 a B e T H O R n o~ T H K H (3a OqeH5 pe~HMH HCK~II0qeHHHMH, KOTOpMe c~opee ~On~H~ O0~CHHTb-- C~ ~KT~LMH yCBOeHH~ H nepe~aqH HCXO~HblxoSpa3oH Ha p ~ DOqBe, qeMnOrlbITKOR KOHCTpyHIoOBaHHH o0pa30B Ha ~ H ~ B O H~HH~HHOH HeEoeR HOBOR HOgTHqeCKOR CHCTe/v~). TaKoe ~COCE~tlh~HBaHHe" Ha ypOBHe o0pa3oH (B ~aCTHOCTH# H CI~4~/~H~ecKo~o xapaKTepa) K H3BeCTH~IMoOpaz~aMoqeH~ xa~TepHo H /InH C3B, H ~ns nponoBe~eR KHplOLtla TppOB- cEoI'ov H ~//g MHO~HX ~y~HX HO~TH~eCEHX TeECTOB paHHe~O HepHo~a ~eBHepFccKoR HHTepaTyPH, HMEHHO B CIOly ~THX OOCTOHTe~rlLCTB aHa~tlH~ HO~TH~eCKOR o0paSHOCTH C~B B y ~ a z a H H O M. OTHO~eHHH He ~pHBO~HT K CKO~bEO--HHOy~H SHaqHTe//~HI~iM pe3y~r~TaTaM TOPOi KTO HenpeMeHHO H~eT HH- HoBaI~HH H B ~TOR o0~aCTH. BMeCTe C TeM Tpa~H~HOHHOCT~ H EaHOHHqHOCTb TaKH~ o0pa3oB B C3~ B H~BECTHOR cTeneHH KoM~eHcHpyeTCH OpH~HHaT/HHI~MxapaKTepOM (nO ~pa~HeR Me- pee B qaCTH cn~-~aeB) Hx HCnO~H3OBaHH~ B TeKCTe (~OT- 0paCt~BaHHe"t I~IH Hpoe~H~ ~OTOBt~IX E~l~lO Ha BHOB~ OC-- BaHBaeMI~RMaTepHa~I~ B ~eHTpe KOTO~O~O "CBOH"t HoBa~ Te-- Ma RUlH ee paKyp~) ~%~ H 0eccnopHoR OpH~HHa;IbHOCTH~ TeK cTa Ha ypOBHe KOMHOSH~HH.

"C~oeo o 3a~oae u 6~a~oOamu" 83

~TO B O 3 B p ~ e H H e K TP..M~ KOMIIO3HD, HH IlpH IIO,U, Be,I~eHHH HTO~'~OIi Br/o.TIH~ 38.KOHOMepHO, HMeHHO ~)TOT ~l:)OBeHb OKa3lx'-- B a ~ T C ~ H ~ l ~ 0 o r / e e ~ ) K C I I r / F a T I r p y P ~ : ~ KaK "C B e p x y e t KOFJIa ]ROF,l~a T(~KCT 1TpHSBaH pe~.IHTb H(~Ky10 HOB~I0 ~ ' ~ ( C ~ 1(81( p a ~ H OTHOCH'JL'C~[ 14: ~IHCTI~ T~KHX TeKCTOB) I'I H~KHO H~ZTH ~,/IK ~)TOI'O c o p a 3 M e p H ' ~ o 5 ~ l c J I y KOHCTpyKIIHI0, TaK H ~C H H 3 y u e K O r ~ ;~ a B T O p y r l p e ~ C T O H T MOHT~I[ KOpOTK/4X ~)~e-" MeHTOB TeKCT;~e l~wn~al~ HS KOTOpblX C OTIpe~IIeJIeHHOR TO~IIOI 3PeHHH MO][HO C'4HTaT T-- H ~ - ~ ' / H b ~ M I ~ (u~jv'J[OeU - - D~[Ta-- TJbl# o 0 p a 3 ~ CI~MBO..'-/~ H T o l l o ~ H C O O T B ~ T C T B y ~ I ~ I e e ~M~ H COIIOCTaBHMoe C HHM B HOBOM ~e31oM T~'~CT& ~C~O~ a ) •

3~HHMe C Ma.KpOKO~U'IO3HIIHeR H MHI~pOKOMr/o3HD, H ~ I ~ a B T O p C3]~ C ~ , 1 1 CO~,/~aT~) ~'aKO~ TeKCT# KOTOpI:~ OKR3~TIC/~ a , l l e x - B a T ~ / ~ ~ e B M c o ~ e ~ t ~ I c . ~ a w H r~o l ' ~ a B ~ CTOHT F HCTOKOB ~ B H e p ~ c c K o H ~ q H T e p a T y I ~ I ~ X O ~ H a H~ C ~ J ~ X 38MeTI-IblX BeX, o n p e ~ e ~ H ~ u m x e e ~an.~.~e~R nyTb.

84 B.H. Tonopo~

IIPH~E~HI42

1. Y x a ~ a ~ r , a a n p ~ e p , Ha o6pame .~e K C3B a peq~ ~ T p o n o n ~ T a Hna~ona no ~.nyqa~ n o S e ~ aa~ ~ p ~ ~ u o ~ a 1770 r . , ¢p . Po~oa 1963:141 a ~LP.

2. Te~cT 6~n ~ I a R no cnHcx3. C~ao~an~Horo c o S p a m ~ c pa~noqT e~e~- no Tpe~ J1pyrm~ cnHc~aN, cN. F o p ~ 1844. Cne~yeT+ ojIHaxo,

o T x e ~ , ~To s a ~ a a r o s a ; lo ~Toro s 1842 r . A .H .Ky6apes oOHa- pya~.~ c m l c o ~ C3B n n e p r a N e ] ~ o N c 6 o p ~ x e X IV-XV Ha. H~ 6Hf l rmo- ~ e ~ H.H. I I apc~oro (P362) ~ n a s a a n e r o . r~TopoH ~ T p o n o n H T a 14napaona, e..m. K ,~apea 1 8 4 3 : 5 5 1 , 2 2 9 ; 1 8 4 4 : ! 2 3 . Cnacol : , oTicpt~ ~n~ K y l S a p ~ 6~n H ~ a H c aalmaHTaM~ 0 . M . t ; o ~ n c ~ n 1848 r . 0 py~on~c~oft ~ p a ~ C~E ct,,. Iim~onbc~att 1906:82-86~ Posoa 1961 :42 -53 a ,up.

3. Peq~b ~,nteT O Tar~x as~ammx~ Kax: Fopc~cm~ 1844~ l~o~Hc~t i t 1848 (nepeneqa~ '~a , no~troToanem~a~ n npo~om~ea ' rnpoaatman # , l ' . K a n y r ~ - ~ , c ~ . I lono~apen 1894) ; C o S o n e a c ~ t 1888: C p e s s e n c x ~ t 1893~ H o ~ p o e c l ~ 1906 ( o r p ~ o ~ ns C3B n py~on~c~ X I I - X I I I a n . , x p a - n , ~ c ~ a BAH, f l e ~ r p a ~ ) ~ Poson 1963 ( n e p e n e q a ~ a - F e n n e l l , O b o l e n s k y 1 9 6 9 : 1 - 2 0 , 1 5 4 - 1 5 8 ) .

4 . IIo~.ne TOrO~ nax n a c ~ o ~ a ~ pa~oTa O~na saxonqena~ no~a~nocb a s - ~ a ~ e Texc~on C~B p a s ~ x I ) e ~ a ~ t c p a s n o q T e ~ a conpoBox- ; l e ~ T e x c ~ o n o r n q e c x o r o ~ t c c . ' ; e ~ o a a ~ n a ~ T m ~ a (Mo,~o]~aH ! 984 : c p . Ta~,~e C~ , , , , ~ona 1 9 8 6 : 9 - 3 9 ) . Ho ~TO Hs;;am~e s~ecb ~ e ne ~ o r n o 5~,T "- n c n o n b s o a a ~ o . He~a~no n o s v ~ m ~ nepeno~ C3B Ha c o - BpeMe~m~ pycclml~ as~n~ -- Cymm~o~a 1985 :105-125 (c n~o~oJ~ cTarbef l H.B.IImnorHuo~)~ CymmKoaa 1 9 8 6 a : 4 1 - 6 2 ; no~ro~o~mea a

5. Cp. ~ nnoM n n a ~ e - l ~ ] . l e r 1962, a Taxxe pa0oT~ O p H T ~ q e c x o f l o p r a ~ s a n ~ C3B - - T a p a n o a c K ~ 1968 :4 ; P£cch£o 1973:311 on . ; Caso~ona 1974:37 on. K cozanemuo, n / ' b . T n ~ ~ : ~ p ~ c : ~ : ~ , t ~ - m ~ = ~ , ~ ,~.C.,Uwxaqena npnNep,,~ ~s C3I; ~ax pas n nna~e n o ~ l ' ~ q e - c ~ : o6pasoB n p a ~ T H q e c ~ OTCyTCTB~IOT (Cp., o~naKo, ~mxaqea 1945:24 cn . ~ 1947:51 c.n.~ 66 cn .~ 1975:10 c n , ) . CTOH~', o ~ s a x o , a a n o ~ m T b o ~ a s n e ~ x a p a ~ T e p H c T ~ e CT~m~ C ~ B - r o ~ 6 ~ f l 1880:841 cn ,

6. Hs MeTo~onor~qec~of~ OCTOpO~OC~ ~ e c ~ n e 6y~eT rOaOpnTbC~ O C3B KaK O xy~ogecT~eHno-m4TepaTypHoM T e e t h e , XOTn np~ nccne~qo- na~n~ HCTO~On pycc~of~ X y ;q O X e C T a e H n o fl ~ T e p a T Y p ~ ( ~ n H , aepHee , caMof; "Xy~OXeCTI~enHocTH") B peTpocrleKTHBtlO yrny~r~ to- n~e~cs a n a n ~ s e T e X C ~ no~oOm~e C31~ o x a s ~ s ~ 0 T c s , MOXeT O~Tb, naH0onee Henocpe~cTaetlnblm4 n n o n n o u e ~ noe.~Tensm~ " x y ~ o z e - CTaenHocTnu~ neSaBige.J4tMO OT TOrO~ aaK OnH MOF.'IH n H T e p n p e ~ p o - aaTbr.~ a X I B. ( T . e . a COCTaB KaKoJ~ r.~CTel~l IIeHHOCTe~ aKJII0qa-- JIH ~TH TeKCTM n x COS~,aT~IH H nOTpe0HT~JIH). C~Ie~U, OBaT~JIbHO uX~-- ~OXeCTBeHHOCTb u B ~,annOM c.~yqae ablCT~llaeT KaK H e K ~ o~paTn~l IIpOJ~KL~nR ~eJ~CTBHT~.~Ibno X~J~o~eCTBenHOI'O B " j~oxy~IoxecTaenHoe" COCT~IHHe. Tal~Ka H "HCTOpH~inOCTb u ( C 3 ~ KaK Ha~la.rlo il o T O p n il ~pennepycc~coit JmTepaTyp ,~) o ~ a s u a a e T c n nnonHe OCt4Me.lleHHofl CKO- p e e n caeTe n o s ~ e t t m e r o paaaaTaS pyccKo~l nn~ 'epa~/p- , , qet4 a KoHTeKcTe npe;u~aecTaym~eft C3B nHTepaTyp~. 9Ta cHTyal~a~! (uBIdTb

nCAooo o 3 = ~ o ~ = ~Aasodumu" 85

Hoa(eT, n p - ~ e r y 6 e~e po,~xnc.~ monoT . . . " , n o r .nosy n o s T a ) a e TOJIbKO O~I~C.K~eT r .aNoe ~ ~.r la~ HO ~ IIONOr~eT ~t~BHT~b po~b Tmmx ~ y n b ~ ' ~ s ~ u e m ~ xo~op~e tomb a n o s n a e ~ e R n e p c n ~ Be nonyl/a]OT CBOI0 H C T O p l ~ e ~ ~IeHT~']r,31119o~, ~l AaJ~HON KO/:Ul~peT-- ~m~( c n y ~ a e OCOSHm0TCS XaX ~a~ano~ HCTOX ~eno~ cepm~ p a e n o n o ' - xeme~x .]~o BpeNetm (w m4 opram~sye~e~x) ~ .~o~e~oB o ~ a o r o H .',eor,o x e x y ~ T y p a o r o p&ua.

7 . C p , :

np~uan~ n ~ ~ o a . r p a ~ . [ ~ 1 ~ a c e c n e ~ c ~ o p t ~ ~a no]

~ o ~ l a ~ o ~ ~-~a~ 6 " ~ . e a x e ~ ~ , - ~a ~ ~ s p a ~

c ~ a s b m ~ nepBaa ~ J ~ - ~ a a r o npa~mtxa cT"-aaro ~ i - r ~ e -

~ a . . . (192a-1926)

c O71HOA cTopom, Ip 1~:

c e . ~ x e mm'~b a 6~"~OB~tph'ylO CHOXa "raOm e p , [ a y (193a}

c ~pyroR c T o p o ~ , l ~ p y e T c x , xax n p a m m o , no CHKo~anba0~, cn~c~y XV n . (Po~oa 1963) ,

8 . P o s o a (1963:147) ~ m : a s ~ e ' r , q 'ro n p ~ , ~ c.nyqait ' * ~ m s x o r o c o a n a n e m ~ " l l a c . ~ x Knaroae~ea tm -- 1038 r . , a xo'ropoM I lacxa n p x x o ~ n a c b aa 26 NapTa, - - a e MOXeT 6UTb x p o a o n o n m e e ~ Opa- eHTHpoH ~ C3B, nocxonbg¥ a 3TO D p e ~ enm ne 6~na n o c ~ p o e u a x yxpameea C o r m ~ He 0 ~ o e~e M o a a c ~ p e f t **Ha r o p a x " (peqb ~ e T O NonaeTupnx F e o p r ~ s ~ HpH~n~, n c e T p o e H ~ x ~tpocnanoN N'y~- pbn~ H m4emmn~cn n a ~ I y n C O O T " e T C T B ~ e N NecTe C3B) .

9 . ~1.oyrHe HccJxe~oBaTeJm ~1onycxaJm~ qTo C3B znep~,Je 6t~no DpoH' , .V~ ceHo n ~epxaH C n s ~ x Anoc~os.,oa B Eepee~oaoN.

Holt IIOBeCTH O ~a0e.'IH ~By~ l~l~l~eJ~--~paTb~.~ a e e COOT~omem~e c y C T m ~ npe~am4m4.

I I . HPe~Ta~ne~me o ~ e ~ , n ~ e ~ a ~ e e a s u c c n e ~ o a a m ~ ( ~ l a x ~ o a 1 9 0 8 ) , x a x a~mcmma x p a T ~ x a , o x a s a n o c b ~ a ~ 6 o n e e y ~ s a m e m u , c . qe~oaa~ .n~ao , ~ y ~ a s ~ m c ~ a x o p p e x ~ e p o a a m m ~uH ~qaxe c y ~ e c T - neH~o~ s a ~ e a e . Co~c~sea~o r o a o p s , no BTOpONY nyTH nomen H llpH- cemcoa (19&0:26-27)~ n p e ~ o n a r a n m ~ t , qTo peqb tuna ¢ x o p e e a c e - r o o cBoeFo pO~a ~Or~n~a0~t ~mlHclce ~ KOHCT~L~[~H[HOD[OJlb~ CO~T~8-- ~IeHHOR B KHeBcKOI~ t~lTpOl~0Jll~ Haxo~BNe~c~ ~ p y x a x r p e x o a ( cp . p a y e e : "~penaeRnmA cno~t 1039 r . 6~n cocTanne~ n Keene H m4en ~enbJO paccxasaTb~ ~aK nosif l twla F~eBcKa~ ~ep~ana~ l~aK ~pHo~n~a- n a c b oHa XpHCTHaHCXOA nepe H xax ocHoaaHa 6bma nepBa~ pycc~a~ ~ T p o n o J m ~ " , c ~ . l lp~cen~os~ 1913 :25 , s~ecb x e v x a s m m e ~ a pO~lb raaf~IOHOa c~apo~0Jll 'Spc~oR nHTepaTypt~: sm4eHa ~ e H H ~OpHff ~a K n ~ ) , ~ J I~xaqen 1 9 4 7 : 6 2 e , n . , ~suAentmnmft n x a q e c ' r n e ~ - p a , n e r m e r o n OCHOBy 0y~?/~te~ .qeTonilcH~ T.HaS. " C x a s a t m e o p a c - IlpOCTpSHeNHH XpHcTHaHcTHa 118 PyCH"~ l¢OTOpOe l l osxe~ H S ~ H H a R ¢ 6 0 - - X r r . ~ ~ n o pacm~peHo s a ¢qeT HapoAm~x npe~qam~ o n e p - ~MX pyCCKHX KHR~X--nSblF/HHKaX. B CBeT~ ~THX HCr..J1P..~OBa~t~II~- npH Bcex HX pasn' , tq lm - - n~pHcommsaeTc~ CHTyaI.~lS~ npH xoTopoR

86 ~. H. Tonopoe

CyAeCT]B_,Pw~_.,; O~aSblsaeTCR He BOII])0C 0 XpOH0~0F14qer.~0N AepBe~l-- CT~O s a O SHaqH'Z'P.~[bHOM C X O ~ K A e H H I ~ (E G-;)P...~P~[e ~ O c o m z l a -

e H H H} Ne~/[y C ~ u ~,tlpOM, TOFO '~KCTa~, ]COTOpbdl IIIaX]N~TOB o n - ~e, l 'L '¢u xaK °°,ZJ, p~]al~leA~?u~,lu~ .UeTOnHr~OaX~l CaO,X1". CN. Ta.~Ke H14xe.

12. CTOHT ~aMeTHTbs qTO ~I:)H B0SMO~I~-~['H OTHOCI.ITP.JIbHO TOqlt[]l~K j~aTl, t '- pODOK nepe~oAoa T a ~ x T~XCTOB, OSH OTH0CJt'rr~j Kax n~pa]~mo) 1¢o BTOpOR t10~OB]~Re ~exa. To ][e, axjg~o, CJIP.tlyeT ¢xaSaT T- M o BpeMe.~m p a c ~ p o c T p a u ~ s KHesCKOA P y ~ ~FocnaBnHCKMX pe~aK- ZIHR 6CUlb~B411CTBa TeKCTOB~ ]~po.,~e 6o~o~Sm~x, n o ~ B m ~ x c s cpa~y ]r~ nocne ~ m ~ ~pHCTHaJ~[CTBa.

13. HNP.J~O n o 3 c o x y x . m o q ~ ~s Hc1"oI~¢~ ApesHepycr..xo~t .~[TepaTyp~, p a ~ e z , o nep~oAa c~asu~mOTC~ TeKC.-~I~ M a ] K ~ O OTIGIO~eCR OT HCXO~HO~O CTaF~apT&~ XOTA cat4 9TOT llNa]K~°~ H paMK~UK ~a- 14oHa MOXeT CBOjB~ITbCJ[ K He O q ~ b ~aMeT~blN ~rICT~8/IY~M~ KoTopM~[ ~TepaTypOBP.~M~ np~mum, me K ~ ~opMaN COOTHOmS~ cTa~OrO H ImsOrO, Hepenxo ¢r~oHs~ npeHeOperaTb. -- 3;leCb He yAaCTC~ KOC- mJT~CX Bonpoca O RS~KOBOR c~Tyamm (o HeR CM. Tenepb YcneHc- K~t 1983) H ee oTHomem¢~ x CTaHO~II~H]I]0 ~/)e.aHepycC]¢o~ Ju~Tepa- Typbl.

I~. Cp.: ]~es~pe~ 1860:26; EAa~os 190~:13-16; I[eTpoacr4dt 1908:89- 94; ];apa~ 1916; M~111er 1962;1968 H ;up.

15. Cp. npe~Ae ~ce~O CyXONUn~OB ]858~ ~,H0;'pa;IoB 1915, a Ta]oKe EpeN~a 1955-1958~ Konecoa 1981; A~Toaosa 1981 ~ ;~p.

1~. Cy0~beKTOM C~RO ~,,Jq~,4 BMCT~rn~k3T T.Has. HOeU8 ,f'o00~ Tep~u4Hp np~e~meMb~ K p y c ¢ ~ x p ~ c T ~ a . a ~ n r p ~ n e TeKCTOB~ DXO~RE~X u n p e ; m o n a r a e ~ o e "C~asa~Hfi o pacnpocTpa~e~, ,~ Xp14¢THaHCTBa Ha Py¢14", 14 l ie BCTpeqaI~IRL~P,~. no HaSm0~emm c~eu~anHcToa ( ] I~xa - qea 1 9 4 7 : 6 5 ) , m~r~e 5 o n e e . C p . :

npHap~ Ha H o n M M J~tOA14 c i l ia ( ~ l a a p . l l 8 - - 9 8 8 r . ) l - . . 14

caepm~ ~ x e H a c a ~ Aecmu~a Taom: H O H N ~ ~m~14 C~" mcKe ¢

oSpaT~'ll~ t~CH cptte a p s s y ~ nosHaT14 c e d e ~'~ ~ c T ~ . ~ o r o

( / laap. 1 2 ~ - 996 ~-.)~ o , . H O B H ~ n a 0 ; I b e npoca~meH~ tY~',~b

~ * b qa~ne ~ a £ e ~ a e r ~ K a r o [E'ra] ~ ~n'ca Hamero Z~ X~

( / laap, 131 -- 1015 r . ) ; . . . a a p s r ~ CtTOnameT~c~ no6~xaeM~

~ o a ~ N a n~on~,~14 X U ~ a ~ L b C ~ , . , (Hasp. 1 5 3 - - 1 0 3 7 r . ) ,

0 HOBOM qemone~e 14 e r o cn~$H c fu~aro;~aTbm ~ (~o~ee ~4poKoR ~ 6 - n e ~ c ~ o - e u a ~ r e n b c x o R nepcneKTHne cN. B y t e 1965t 162-179 .

17. 0 c ~ ¢ y a m m , oFlpP.~eJ~[eMo~ OTHOmei~[P.N I ~ e a a ~¢ B~sa~Tm~ (14 Pm~y} a KOHge X I n . CN. L e i b 1924. 0 TOR z e TeMe, Ho s e.~e 5onee mHpOKOM KoHTeKcTe ON. G U ] . t z g o f f 1983 :151 -161 (n CS~S~ C " X o ~ - ;~e~eM" H~'yMeHa ~ a ~ a , KaqaJIo X I I a . ) .

18. Cp,:

cna~ocTH KH~m~a. I ~e x~ aparoMb 6"~leM~ H ~ O ~ l p ~ . lib

e C ~ o e o o 3 ~ o N e ~ 6 A = R o d ~ m u ~ 8 7

c a ~ c ~ o ~ | e r o . He ~ c T p a e ' ~ m ~ . ~ ~ J H a ~ o ~

H6Haro ~ c T B a ( | 6 9 ~ - 1 7 0 a ) .

YC.~oB~m~ B XOTOpl~ ~or~1o ~brrb npoHsHece1,1o C.,31; ( " n o J l y s ~ OCTb ~) , H e r o y c T a ~ o s ~ (He ucr .~0qex x x ' ~ p o S m ~ " xap-.~Tep) ~'.u.a~o O~pP.~eJLql0Tr...q MCC.qe~OBaTe21eN ~CTopHI~ON: ~T~IC~ rror..Jl(~ p a 3 p t ~ a ,qpoc.uaaa c ~mTponomiTa,~ ¢eone~mToMp ~n~Em~t K J l p o c ~ - - By " l l p ~ B y T e p " IIpOH~HOCHT CJIOBO H I l o x ~ a ~ y j r ~ e ~ p ~ E a S T J~yNM H B a F ~ /IpaBHTP.D~CTBa H JXYXOBeHCTBa. ~Ba B o n ~ o c 8 ~OJIHy~0T p y c c x o e o 6 ~ e c ~ s o : a o n p o c o ~eoOxo~n~oc~t p~m pycc.~o~ ~ e p ~ ~ex ~opN H e p a p x ~ e c ~ o r o y C ~ O ~ C T B a , r ~ e 6~ OTC~rrcT,~oaano ~ - ~ o ~ a n ~ o e H n o n ~ q e c ~ o e yrHeTemae~ H a o n p o c o x a ~ o ~ : ~ x ~ s n Kna~pmo~a, p a ~ o a n o c ~ u b ~ o r ~ ~ p e c ~ . u ~ PyccxoJ~ se~:~:~.~.~ EC.r~ l l ~ p a b ~ ~OIIpOC IIOkLqT(~H H3 TOJIbEO ~'TO H ( ~ p ~ O l ~ O CTO~I]R]~ ~-~ Bei~HS C lq~Tpono;IHTO)~, B p y x a ~ I~OTOpOF~ F0~e.Br.~sJi N ~ t T p O ~ l ~ o x a s a n a c b ~e cso6o~l~oft ~op~o~t ~ a u w . ~ : ~ o - ~ e p x o s ~ o r o c a ~ o - o n p e ~ e n e m m , xa~ o x ~ a n ~ ~ I ~ e s e , a .~.~-apofl ~op~om yx'~leTem~, x a x B snoxy 0 x p ~ c x o A ~epapx~m, ~o ~ o p o f l n o ~ p o c - o ~a~om4- s a ~ m x~mss ~na~m~pa~ -- ~ s H r a e ~ aB~opo~ Hoxaan~ , ~ a e ~ npano ~y~aTb, ~ O a ~mcne ~ p y r ~ x n p ~ q ~ x p a ~ p ~ y ~ p o c n a ~ x ¢ ~TPOnO~mToN ~ e o n m m T O ~ . . . 6~tu, o q e n ~ o , H o ~ a ~ n o c . q e ~ e r o Ha xaHom~sau~o B ~ a ~ u m p a . 3~o ~aeT npaBo ~yNaTb H TO, qTO Bonpoc o xaHo~msa~m O~Lla ObtU n o ~ m ~ ~po~naBo~ tomb no y c ~ p o - e m m s F~ene ~ m ~ p o n o n ~ 1037 r . " (Hp~ceJtxon 1 9 | 3 : 9 9 ) . H~en o B x o ~ e m ~ p y c c x o ~ ~epKBH B COCTaB 0xpH~cXOFO naTpHapxaTa He ~bl31a IIpHH~Ta ¢~leD~ISJIHCTSN~I.

19. Cp. e r o BapHsDk~ B "C~1oBe o ~oJl~y H r o p e n e " , n "CnoBe o n o r ~ - ~en~ Pyccxo~ se~uH" ~ ~anee~ ~nno~b ~o F o r o n s . Hs p a m m x n a - pannene~ c p . " P e q b " Nonces B ~ y ~ m ~ x o r o , r ~ e a ~ a n o r ~ q ~ ~ o - ~ n n~.m0qex n c s o e r o po~a r m ~ Pyccxof~ s e x n e : "3~a x e n p e ~ o - J~e NaN 'roFo o To(~e RKrmeTbC~; CJIOBeca 60 ~/ecTHa8 H ,~. ' la ~Ol 'O- n ~ H a , H £ e p x a a a CaMOB~IaCTHa) l~O ~Ol'y HSB~H8 C J I a B O ~ 118- qe s ~ s ~ b H e S ~ c m ~ b , ~e TOXNO H n P y C X ~ X K o H ~ e x ~ n ~ - n o ~ a , Ho H c y m u ~ s ~opt . ~lane~e; no scm 6o ~ e ~ m ~ s ~ u o m a . . . ( c~ . I ; e r y~os 1 9 7 & : 7 5 ) .

20 . C p . : x s a n e ~ b x e n o J x s a n ~ r n a c ~ , p,~t~c~aa I e~pasa ne~pa

n a o y n a . ~ a x e a~posama n~ £c xa ~'aa ~ l a . I a c l a £ e ~ e c ~

n a ~ . i w a a * s a ~ o c . n o n b ~ a , £~u~4a 6~qy. e ~ v J n e ~ b ~ a p x a . a c ~

~ e J ~ . ~ e t HaoYq~na ~ n p a a o c J t a a ~ ~ J p ~ n o x B a ~ m ~ x e ~ ~ .

no c ~ ] n ~ ~ n e ~ . N a n ~ m ~ n o x ~ a j n a ~ , ~e~mxaa ~ ~ a ~ a a C~TBo]

p b ~ a a r o . ~ame~o oyq~Ten~ J ~ ~acTan~mxa. s m m x a a r a xaJ raHa .

~amea se~n~ s o n o n ~ e J p a . a ~ a c ~ a p a a r o ~ r o p ~ . J c~a

~e ¢.uaaHaaro cs~Tocn~Ba, ~n~e Bb c s o a n~Ta ~ m ~ q e c ~ y J ~ e .

~V~C~SO~b x e H xpa[ ~op~cTnO~b n p 0 c J ~ s a B~ c ~ p a l ~ a x ~ ~ o r a ~ ~ ,

88 .8. H. To~opoe

noS"~aMH ,., xp~[noc ' r~ lo n o m m m o . r c a ~ ] - C.nO~Tb ( 1 8 4 5 - 1 8 5 a ) .

2 1 . BnpoqeH, HaqaB c Manoros aSTOp C3S - .~m~e./tme.H n o , ~ a e ' r c s CO- 6~UaSHy ~so6pasHT ' - O 1 " ~ Ena .~M~pa oT ~ p y r H x B.uacTi:Tenefl:

n l m s p ~ ~ a s b ~ c e . ~ l n o c ~ m o e mxo 5.n"Faaro 5"E. HI B ' b c l a p a s a . . ~ "E

s~, c p ~ a e r o ( 1 8 5 5 ) .

Ho r ~ a m a o e - B oco6o~t caMOCTORTP.ZIbHOCTH KI t~3H ~IR~HM]4~&~ TaK cxa.~aT~ e r o n o o n , T - o c t :

He sH~murb ec~ x--E He x o m u ~ e c , no , e ~ . x a n , oy~e [ ,~ , c~

e r o m0pl; 'rec.~, a- , . , , ax l ,~aeme e r o l ie B~po~sama. ' r t ~ I H~ ",,~,j~'~,-

s ~ ~ a p o a a . nOaCTH[~. (S ','~" Ha TeS~ ~ ' e m , c ' r ao J ~ ~ ' a . . .

. e , - ~ anna n p , = e s a e , , s ~ l ~ o Teo,~ . . . l - e e , ~ etc~,

~ X ~ rnm----~b, ulr~t~ x a [ x n a ~ npana~-a¢~a . ~ a h m ~" I BbCTalQTbp

~ c--D.,..om I :c~ s ~ p e . - n a c T e n e . s ~ l m e . , c~ c e e~sas0~a to

~ . . , . . e e ~ p o - a m a . ~o I na,~e . a ~ . c~'~p'm np~,,ua I ,,,a mCb.

r ~ x e W 5.ua~emtqe I 0 e a ~ ac~x'o cW~b. n p ~ T e q e x'b ! - ' ~ . . r o r . M o '7 to 6~-s 'aaro C~b~lC~.la a OcTpoyMIa p a s y ~ e ~ , J ~ x o eCTb "~'~b

e ~ ' m ~ T s o p e ~ b . . . ( 1 8 8 a - 1 8 9 a ) .

~TR CSMOCTO~Te~bHOCTb H l lpoH~laTe.nbaOCTb ("OCTpo3n~te") KI4RS~ ~ 8 ~ a ~IOT eM~ ~a/~ ~TO MOR~HO aOCCTaHOeHTbt HCXO~ HS ~O- I"HqecKoR CTp~'KT~r~M p a c c y ' ~ e m ~ a H o x s a n e (C3E) , npaBo 6wrb llpHql4cJleHHblM K Ca~lTIdl4. KHS~b--C, BRTOR o~SpasyeT peSKIeR KOHTpacT Ha 4)OHe anOCTO~OB, pacapocTpa lmTe .neR XpHcToeoR Bep,,~. He MeHee nOKaSaTeJlbHO~ qTO l;opHc H l'~le6~ KIU~SbR--CTpaCToTepmI~ l~pH~-- HaH~e nosxe (H QIIRTb--TeKH He Gee Co~poTH~neH1~ S t Ha;to ~IY" MaTb~ HcKpRHHeI'O y~3~B~eHHH H seno~a~n l'peKOB) CBRTbO4H~ TaK]~ 3HSMeHylOT C060R HOBblR~ THnHqHO pyCCKH~ B~ CBRTOCTI~, ~'SHT~e He Sa BepY, He report, on Ao6poBo~bHO~ He ~F4IOR-- RRCb B pema~w~ MHHyTy, npmuu~ M y q e m t q e c ~ o r.MepTb sa XpHcI'a ("C;Io~IoOH H M~ III)H~TH CTpaCTb ,,, ") H CTa~U~ nepnbn~H pyccK~H CB,T~a~. Cp, ~e;1oToe 1959:18-31~ K o n o r p , e o B 1961:25-26 ~ ~IPo ~leco~qe~to~ qTO XHT~ BopHca H l'ne6a~ xax H C3B H He~oTop~,e qaCTH pyCCKOfl ;IeTO~CH~ -- (~eccnopHoe CBH~eTeJIbCTBO npo6y~e- HH~ paHmtx ~OpM Hau~oHa,'IbHoro CaMOCO~HaHHRo 0TCK~Ia- pc~b STHX HaM~TH~OB e HCTOpHH ~3/)eBHepYccKoR JIHTel)aTypM,

22. Cp. Ta~=Ke HeOT~e.'IHMy~ ~IR XT B. OT H~eH e~HHCTBa TeMy C T a p- m H H c T. a B K~ecKoR RepapxHH: "0Tbl~b xe' H~b ~)eo~ocHR 5~ 110 BbC~ ~IbHH H HO~H MO~IR Bore O xpHCTO/R0~ID~ HSHr.~a~ H e~e x e , m , e , T e ~ s e n , TOrO n o , H a T . , , x o CTOnr~HOMy TOW/ X ~ S ~

c T a p ' a A . - ~ o a b c t x ~ , , c e r o x e [ T . e . C s ~ T o e n a ~ a - - B . T . ]

~ C ~ o e o o 3 a ~ o ~ e ~ d ~ e o O # r # u ~ 8 9

s K m t e p e q e ~ t t c ~ s a x o H ~ c ~ ~ a c¢on1; ~ ( b , a e ~ e . n ~ e n o m m a ¢ a ~ c a o e m b m a ~ a c c u ~ m . 0 ce.tcb x e P . ~ s a y t ~ o n P . ~ oT 0 p a c e r S , n o B e J ~ a ¢ o r o c ~ m ~ m n o m ~ u a ~ , o O a q e x e n ~ p ~ o e x p ~ c c o n a ~ S t a l a , ~ ¢ ~ r ~ a c e r o f ~ u a r a r o " ( t ~ J ~ e ~ e o ; ~ o c ~ I l e q e p - c x o r o " , 3 8 0 - 3 8 2 , ; I a n e e - - ]ENT.~eo~x. , ~ H ~ p y e T r . l n o l I a ~ . m l x ~ 1 9 7 8 ) .

2 3 . Ka~euK a a ~ w x ~ p e x t tqe i t ~ a n a ~ o r a ~ - ~ e a n o ~ , ~ , r e n ~ n ~ e rmo~n~ a p y c c g o f i a c c o p a ~ e c x o ~ a m s m ~ . B m e c c e c TeN x a ~ e m ~ s 9 ~ x ~ e i t o¢XI~bmana a o s N o x a o c c u H ~ y c n e P a c L e m m ( a m~orJ1a x j I a n b a e ~ e r o p a s a a c a s ) m i n x , Ha s c o t p a a o c p m I a T e ~ m ~ H a q a n . I ~ t e s e;e~m~cTea n n p o c c p a a c c a e H a c ~ e p e a ~ a c ¢ a l ~ e n a c a o e n p o - . . ~ o . r ~ e ~ e a Te.H~e.H~]~ I~ n p e ~ t e . ~ a o ~ u e ~ T p a ~ m s a z ~ m H ' r ~an~ep ' rp~ a a c o w p a ~ e c J c o r o e a c t n a . C ~ e e ~ n p e e ~ c c a a n ~ y x e a e p a s XO~e HCTOpHH C~5~3t~[BSJIHCIb MXJIH~eCS~a H H~.XPHTR'qHOC'I~ ~t o n o p e Ha ~ e o ~IpO21MI~II~HecJ~ KaX B nOBepXIIOCTHON~ ~eopFaJ~a~ecJcc~ yc~OeHl4~ qy:KOl'O H&cJIe~CTBa {U/IO~l:~aXaTeJl~HOCTt-°lp tJ~llSICO~lOF~,~OH" CTSO" H ~ r . n . ) , T ax ~ a n p e ~ e ~ p e x e ~ x cBoeNy~oB n ~ n ~ c ~ a ~ e t ~ 14HSX0rO ( :TSTyca~ a OTlcase QT itllO~rJ~'al"s ,~axe "B s a 6 B e ] o ~ HC-- ]~OHm~X E a q a n o Jleme ~ e ~ C ~ T O C ~ a e e "pyecxo~" ~ 8 p ~ e m T e B p a s m ~ x ~ ¢ y p ~ o - I ~ c c o p ~ e c J K ] ~ x o a T e . . g ¢ ~ a x n o p o ~ a n 8 T a x a e s a - n e m m , xax n p e ~ e ~ p e . x e ~ e ~ . q ~ ~ ~moaam~e a ~ T e , ~ . ~ O a a W/o~ /~:zF¢~i~O~ OT]Ca~ OT XOaC~pyx~BHOtt ~e~Tenb~ocYJ~ H l~epy

c ~ a c e m ~ e ~ a ,~accJ~m~x n y c ~ x , ~ c x a ~ o r a ~ a HP .~o~Tpo ;mpye- m ~ t ~ a x e . ~ a n a s ~ , ~ m T e p e ¢ ]¢ x p a ~ n o ~ c ~ 2 r m 1 ~ m ( c n a c e m 4 e q e p e ~ r p e x , CmO~eNM~ n o x a ~ e - ~ ) ~ ~roacT~er . . ,~ l t acne~T cB~Toc~ a • on. 0 nonc~s~e.rm~x a o ~ p ~ a ~ . u b ~ x nno;Iax a pyccxofk ~cTopw- qecgo~ t ~ s a ~ ~mr41ofl a ~ ~¢i~x ~ p e x v~Ieft , 0 6 y n o ] ~ a m ~ x a a~Iox~o-- B e ~ C ~ ~B~$aHI4~X C / ~ G I ~ H c o 6 , t l a s a a x H K~Bpa~elIYLW~ T ~ e x o p e ~ x c a a ~ a ~ x ~ e ~ e ) ~ n o ~ p ~ a a m ~ x c e ~ , c ~ . ~ a n e e .

2 4 . ~)TOT OTPlg]BOK 14 co,u, epxaTe.q~o ~ c ~ c ' r ~ q e c ~ ,~ecI~a ~'m'~o~: x coo~ee~c~rsy~e.,~ ~ec'ry C3t;~ ec~ec~exmo, ~,osm~ae~ ~onpoc o (~onee u e ~ c n y , ; a ~ e o ~ c a s a ~ se.x,uy m e m . C p . . . U . x a q e e 1 9 4 7 : 6 6 - 7 0 .

2 5 . K COOT~Oe.Wt'enb~O~t x p o a o n o r m ~ n o ~ a n e ~ A w r o m m ~ H n a p ~ o - a a STYX uec~ax cp. ~K~aaoa 190~:27-28.

2 6 . C p . . n p . m ~ c x e I 4 n a p ~ o ~ a (203a) , . : " a ~ a e . r m u ~ . 6 1 ~ l x p ~ r p a ~ x~eatJ ' .

27. 3~a xe qepTa oTn~/ae~ x " ~ e a c ~ " Texc~ Hoboes B ~ y ~ o r o ~ B KoTopON aOCTOpr OTTeCIUlOT p e a n t m . Cp,: " ~ I a a _ ~ a ~ t~zec~ ~ , ~ . ~ T a Oq~ a a l ~ l l , . . ~ K e e - b a ~ m o x e c T s o ~t, p m , n ~ x u ~ a a n c e n ~ t t t l m ~ eo~ane n o ~ a m c e a m o 6 o a b a p x a e ~ p a ~ a r y r o c n o ~ I - igo ~[M~TH llaql4HSWTb H0 TOKN0 H paJU4 c n a c e m ~ e n o e r o ~ u o H H o - ~ a r o p a ~ ~ e c H ~ ume BO ~m~ ~ a p c ~ e a ~ a o e r o c B k p ~ c ~ t y T B e p r " jqal0~e (~o HfiIIOCTMM3~HO HOS~ CBOH Ha yJ~O6peHP.J4b '1"14 : ~ S H I d ~ t H

OqXO~ C~ .mo~esxm C N O T p m ~ , OTaC!0~y n e c e J m e ~ xxp~aJmqa~e ,

n o x e a n ~ e O o r o ~ l ~ e c ~ o Tsoe" (c~. ] ;ery~oe 1974:74~75p B o p o a c b ~ 1 9 8 1 : 5 4 - 5 8 ) .

2 8 . I4s ~ o r o ~ c n e m ~ x c ~ a p u x u KOm~X paOoT n o a p x e ~ n o r m ~ ~ p e n ~ e r o F ~ e n a ~ ~ n o x y , x o r ; ~ a n p ~ c y ¢ c T ~ e ~ 4 ~ ~ e ~ e n a a s a c ~ o r o s n e ~ e ~ a C ; e c c n o p ~ o , ~ a r m o T b ~ 0 H a q a n a X I I I s , , c p . ~ a n ~ c m n n ~ e a n o -

9 0 B.H. Tonopoe

c . n ~ e .z'pa ;xecs'rtmeT.,tm - - B o r y e e m m - 1 9 5 2 , 1 9 5 2 a , 19571 ~ e . w . - x o , E o r y c e a a ~ 1952; Kaprep 1959-1961 ; "ro.no~zxo 1963 ,1965a , 1 9 6 7 , 1 9 ~ 9 , 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 3 ; ~o.uo~zxo, Kemaeaem 196,7,1967a; To,no,zxo, Kmmea~q , ~ e ~ x o 1969; ToaoqKo, 1 ~ / ~ o 1973; Tonoq~o , I ~ n a - no H ;~p. 1974; TonoqKo, E o p o a c ~ d l x ~ p . 1975; Apxeonor~m YKp. 1975; Apxeonori,nLt ;1or..n~j~xe_-_-~ 1976; KLnicm~ 1976; I'ym~o 1982; laaxi~ 1982; C~ra.f~zuc 1982; Tenemm 1982 x ~[0-

29. 10;a0~esoa xapax'rep s~oro co6t~nm no;1;eps3ntaeTcs HegoTop--n~ y ~ e s ~ (cM. llapxoMe~Ko 1913a,1922, c~oSemxo 19241 Prltsak 1981; G c l b , p r J . t s a k 1982 M ;~p.; a cas:u~ c 0heroN, c XOTOpbn~ r.~xs~maeTcs oS~-mo sax~aT Kxeaa, c x , II~,~xoxexxo 1936,1937: 191-200 H ;~p. , ~u~ ~ e m m no STONy ~onpoc'y a o ; ~ x ~ a ' ~ m ~ 7py~o~1oxasye.N~s ]B ~pyx-x~ Y s s ~ s HO Bce ' -TaJ~ a z~e,uox OT]~'I~- ~ 0 T ~ o s x o z a o e ~ - o a o f l n e p c n ~ ) . B ~d~mox ~ a e c n m ~ a - ~Tbl ozIMpaWre.-~ l~aK Ha oT~le.rl~e lloy.asal~m HCTO~OB (HoBro- po.~cKas 1-a.I JIeTOZDlr.b~ Jl~ly1"O~ a e r c , xCTOqmU~, He ~e411=~e ~Io Hac)~ Tax a Ha o S ~ e c o o S p a x e ~ HCTop~ecKoI 'o H reonom~- ~ e c x o r o x a p a x ~ e p a . P~I n p o T ~ s o p e q a m m x ~ i a m o ~ MO~eT I~biTb OT~TpaHeH ~ C/fl~e..H B C20eM 3 x a q e . H l ~ y,~Tb/BaR "/IpOXSBO.qbHOe H ~HCTO HCk'YCCTBfiHHoe IIoCTI)OeHHO H&Ne~ ~leTOD~r.NO~t :k'pOHO.~01"H~" /taHaoR 3nOX3~ at a qacTHOCTXt ... HCIt~CCTB~.IUlOCTb M xarpoMo~- ~e~me uocTopommx HsBecTXR B ~a.]eLt~; q~loBecTa apeMeXm~X ~ISTA~ 05 Hl'ope" (Ilapxoxexxo 1924=71; cp. Ta~e maxxaTon 1908:97- I08~118,315-319; l~ymesc~ludt 1904:362,391 x ;IP-). K c~ana- ram, ~To noc..e~Hee O~CTO~Te/ILCTBO xepenxo He ~14Tt~aeTcR B oT;~enbm~x non~T]~ax p e x o H c ~ ' p ~ ~ p e n ~ e x x e a c x o R x c ~ p m l . P a - syNeeTcs~ x~le~ mro-noc~o~,~ofk l)ycx x e e oco6oft prom a p a m ; e - ~eBcxolt Hc~opm~ w/a~aeTc~ n n o ~ p e n n e m m ~onom m T enbm ~m ~axTam4~ c o~lsoJt c T o p o m ~ x a Y~eTe Tex Bospaxe~u~g~ xoTopt~e ~enarmcb ~s a ~ e c =~oft rxnoTe=~ ( c p . J l o z ~ e ~ . x ~ a 1985:76 a ~xP.), c J~l)YFOi~ cTopol~l. Moamo Ta~xe nolulTb TeX Hcc.qe41oaaTe.Jlelt ~CTO- ptm ~p~.aHeFo ~ena~ xoTopt~e paccMaT~a~T e r o xax caMo;1o~nm0- ~ee H 5aMK~Toe ~e~oe (so DCaXOM c.ny~ae a nocnexasa~crmg nep- Ho~), Ho KaK TO~bKO CTa~HTCR BOr/~OC 0 CBRSRX KxeBa c TeppHTO- plm)m K m~'O--aOCTOKy OT Hex'o (llpHasoabe~ J]oH)• ToT~ac Boslnlxa- eT upoOneMa crla~sHexoro Hacenem~ 3T~x SeMe~b X ero pon~ B I~OHTaKTaX KaK C HeC~aBRHCKI4MH IlrleM~HSMH (K DOCTOKy)~ Talc II C K~eBOM (K sana~ly), 3TO ;IpeaHe~tmee e.~aB~HcKoe xacarAeln~e rlpl¢,. asoB~ H~y~eHO sec~xa c~aflo, XOTS t~OTKpMTaR~e D XX B. HCTOpI4~I xasap He41nyr-J~cnel{Ho npe4~onal'aeT 3TOT "IIpHaSOBCKO-CJIalIEH-- CKI~" STIGIqeCKI.~ 3P.eMeHT. ]IpH DC~..~ ~/IbH~fl~H[X KOpDeKTHBaX H OTKpI~TH~X B ~TOH O~rlaCTH e~aa ~ MO][HO ~yXeT HFHOplfpOBSTb eFO,

30, B qacTHOCTH~ peqb ~ e T He TO~IbXO O KOHTa~TaX r/~eMeHR~x z'pyJ~,1~ HO X O cTonxHoaemm pasHNx s x o x o m ~ e ~ f l . ~ H c o ~ s n ~ H ~ x y1~a- ~OB. ECJ~H 10ro-smla~xa~ z~yn~a B OCTO~U.= c~asnH cox~amula KaK OCHOBy caoero XOSRflcTBa CTapH~HOe Se.M~e~eJIHe~ ~e~onaPaamee I1oJ111ylo OC~0CTb~ OpHeHTalIIU0 Ha MH~H~e OT~omem~R e c o c e ~ M x x cooTaeTcT~y~e~R a ~ ~ 'n~Typ~, oTpaxasau~, ~ x o ~ coce~cT- no c ~OHOR BHSa~THflCKXX ~ t ~ TO t0rO-~OCTOqHa~ 3 " p ~ a ~

r...xopel~ Bc:el"o~ xapa3cTe]pHs0Da.,~tacb saJSJITHeN CKOTOBO,~CTBON K 350-- ~_~mI:P"TOprOB~I Nop~xo~e'r~oH~ P..,~3r,~ ~. ~,~'-'pox cTene~ B yr..l~e.l~m,r- ) ~ ][ouTaxTa~u ( s n n o w , ;1o ~ 0 ~ e . m ~ ~ c~ol t c o c T a s ) c x o q e B ~ - - x a ~ H T . n . CN. I ~ p x o ~ e ~ o 1 9 2 4 : 6 3 - 6 4 m ~ p .

3 1 . He H c x n ~ e H o c x 0 ~ o e y n o ~ e f l n e ~ e s T o r o sm~TeTa n " C n o B e " B CBSSH C ~ipoe.na~oN ~ ( . . . " T a n p e ~ n~cHb m o ~ e c T a p o - i l y ~p6c.llaBy . . . N } .

32. ~pocnaBy +me c ~ o Hon~ropoAt, n oypomom, Aaron0 ~ B y . n~1; , n ~ 1 ; rpmm~'a ~b toga A0 ro,.~a . . . a Klpoc.uaB1, ce ro He ~a~anze [ z l ~ e ~ y ] ~ cJso~eNy . . . " ~ u p . 1 3 0 , 1014 r . ) ,

33. " . . . u p e V B o n o ~ m e p ~ . Tpe~mTe n y ~ H ~ o c ~ T e N o t r e . x o T ~ e ~ 60 Ha l~Ipocna~a w m Ha ~ ' ~ ¢ ~ a ~ r o " ( f l u p . 1 3 0 , 1 0 1 4 r . ) .

~J~, "XOTA~IO ~ o ~ e p y ~ Ha l~l~O¢.na~a, l~poe..qam~ z e noc .uan~ "~a ~ o p e r i p . s e r e Bap~vt~ 6o~ac~ ~ - ~ c ~ c ~ o . . . " (31a~p.130 , 1 0 1 5 r . ) .

3 5 . " . . . uo p a s ( ~ I ~ c & . . . u o ~ o u e ~sAacux~ ~ o ~ y p a ~ o c ~ s . B ~ u o - A ] ~ e p y 60 pas6on*~mnx)cA . . . Heqez~llx'o ] ~ w ~ e x ~ Ha Pye.b . . . 60 6on,l~e H e n ~ a He.~e 6onecT~ H Cxo~tqac& . . . " (.rla~p.130, 1015 r . ) . ~ ~ 1

3 6 . " I I p ~ e l ~ o o c n a ~ u ¢ T a ~ a ~q)oT]~y . m north ~ p a , H He ~ ~ * b , 141t[ ~ ~ X b HaqaTH , . . H ~0JIRTT~ Haq3 ]~{pOCJTRB~b

~ b ~ m u A ~ m , . . " ( ~ l a ~ p . 1 4 1 - 1 4 2 , 1 0 1 6 r . ) - - z a x n e p n u ~ ~Ta~ ~opbOu s a KHe~ H: " l l p ~ e S o ~ e ~ a ~ c b C - ~ o n o ~ o ~ ~ a I ~ p o - c n u a c ~ . . . ~ n o O ~ B o n e c n a ~ ~ p o c n a ~ a ~ t p o c n ~ x e o y 6 t - z a c ~ .~'.mm my~ot Hoayropo~,~/ . 3oner.na~r~ z e ~z~,~te H l ~ e ~ c~ C ' ~ n o m ¢ o ~ , . , H c o B o x y n ~ ~/Ipor.nam~ Bo~a ) m o x ~ . Boner .na~b "re 61; l~eS1 ; C~A~. ~ a ~ s , ~ x e C ' ~ n o n ~ l~e ~ . e rm~o x e ~[~xom, no r o p o g y H s ~ H a a ~ e ~ . H ~ s 6 ~ a J I ~ : E o n e c ~ a ~ z e n o O ~ e Hc I ~ 0 n a , , , C ' ~ n o m ~ x e ~ a q a x ~ l ~ s l a ~ n o ~ e t / I p o e . n a ~ Ha C - ~ n o ~ a . ~ ~ x a C - ~ n o n ~ n I l e q e ~ a r ~ . . . K B e q e p y x e ~ o n 1 ; l ~ p o c n a ~ , a C~-onom~ 6 ~ m . . . R l p o c n a ~ x e c ~ I e l ~ e s 1 ; , o y - ~ e p b n o T a c ~ p Y ~ H o m c s o e m , n o x a s ~ m ~ n o ~ F ~ ~ p y ~ ~ e a n u ~ . * * " ( f l a s p . 1 4 2 , 1 4 6 , 1 0 1 8 - 1 0 1 9 P r . ) - - x a ~ ~ o p o ~ s ~ a n 6 o p a - 6 ~ b a l ~ e s . C~poPo r o a o p ~ , l l e n e c o o ~ p a s H o B ~ e n H T b ~ T ~ e TH ~Tan~ n p ~ B e ~ m ~ Hpoc.na~a x e,~scom~.~o~y ~ ca~o~epr~aaHo~r n p a ~ - n e l a m s l ~ e a e , Cp, : "~lpoc.qa]sy ~ HoalaPopo~, np~Ae l ~ c ¢ ~ c -

noc.na l ~c~c .nas~ no Ktpoc~a~1~ i~-~. ~ a c~oem) F ~ e ~ ~ ec~ c~ap1;~ne~ ~ p a ~ . a m~a (~y~,~ c~ cTopo~a. ~ ~e r..mme ~ p o c ~ a ~ , ~ H n l ~ e a ~ , . , E t .~oc .na~ c o a o K y n ~ nol~a ~ o r ~ , H n p ~ e l ~e~y H C~BopH l ~ p ~ C 6 p a ~ o ~ o b o e . MbC~C.naBOMb o y F o p o ~ . H p a s - At, m~CTa no ~t*anp~ P y c b c ~ n o s e w n o , ~ p o c ~ a ~ np~Kt c ~ C~)po l [y , a HbCTI[c,uaB~, I~W. H HaqaCTa a m ~ ~4~pHo . . . HbC~C.qaB~ . . . pasOon1;r.~ 3t., o y ~ e noce~qr x o nepe~a n ;z a c • b t e r o H c ~o

147-150, 1024-1036 r P . ) . 3 7 , E ~ m c T B e ~ o e ~cr~uoqeHHe -- ~oxoA "Ha F p b ~ " 1043 r . . ~ XOTO--

poM, o ~ a K o ~ H p o c - ~ c a n He rrpHlmNan l r q a o ~ , noc~1aB ~ e c T o c e 6 n ¢ B o e r o c.blHa ~,la~14)61pa~ l¢0TOpblfl~ BIlpO~P.N~ B O S r ~ I ~ n o - x o ~ ~ s a ~ a 1042 r .

92 ~. H. To~op~e

3 8 . "Tax~M o 6 p a s o . ~ , ~ , - ~ , qTO c s s . ~ a m u ~ c H o p ~ y s a N x pO~-- CTBa ( n o x e H e H ~ o q e p K ) H 5 p a ~ c ~ o x n o o p y - ~ x n p o . - ~ BcJo ~ m s ~ B 6 o p i n e s a n y T b ' H s B a p H r B I ' p e x x ' R p ~ n a B H ~ - - OSbRM ~O~n~ s a ~ oxpa~vl s T o r o ~ u Ha6 . .w0~e~e s a ~ - H ~ n b x o " ( I l apxoMe~xo 192&: 1 0 7 ) . TOT x e a ~ T o p n o ~ q e p ~ m o e ~ , qTO B XT B. ~TOT I lyTb pSa.qbHO l l p o ~ n ~ 8 . q ~ B IIpOTHB01IO~O~I~- H0M H a n p a ~ u e ~ - - "Hs FpeK a B a p R r ~ " , T . e . XOHlqpeTHO HS KH~- Ba x c e a e p y . Cp . TaKxe I I a p x o N e x x o 1 9 3 0 : 7 6 5 - 7 7 0 . - - K " s a p s x - c x o ~ " n p o ~ u e ~ e ~ . Monu~ 1 9 3 1 : I 0 9 - 1 3 6 , 3 & 3 - 3 P 9 , 5 0 1 - 5 3 7 1 S t e n - d e ~ r - P e t e r s e n 1 9 5 3 = 3 - 2 0 ~ S t a l s b e ~ g 1 9 8 2 : 2 6 7 - 2 9 5 ~ IIeTpyxm~ 1 9 8 3 : 1 7 4 - 1 8 1 s J I o a ~ b c ~ i ~ 1985 (C n ~ T e p a ~ y p o ~ a o n p o c a ) ~ ~ p .

3 9 . I IoK~aTe.~lbHO: qTo ~TOT MOTHS COOTHOCHT~ C p a c n p o c ~ p a ~ e ~ n ~ ~ e p a s m ~ u ~ s ~ p o a a ~ c ~ MO~BO~ yG~:~c~aa o ~ o r o ~ s 6paTb- -

eB--fl .qHSH~0B ~ p ~ IIpH OCHOBSHHH F o p o ~ a ('r.~.mSo " B a u o p f e r " e cTpOHT~IbHa~ x e p T ~ a ) , Cpo ~ c ~ o p ~ 0 PeMa H P o ~ y n a °

4 0 . 3a~-n0q~Tenb~u~e c T p o ~ neTor -~c~oA s a n ~ c ~ s a 1019 r . p a s ~ n m a ~ T pycCXO-6H~Uef |Ch~0 a H ~ o x ~ o H B HeCXOnbKO ~u~oM H a n p a ~ u e ~ z

. . . eCTb x e M o r ~ u a ke ro [CBRTOnOJXKa - - B . T . ] m nycTbmH S

;~0 c e r ~ ; ~ e , HCXO;U~T~ x e 7 H e ~ c M p a ~ s o J r b , c e x e ~ n o -

~ a s a Ha I ~ a x a s a ~ b e l v ~ e ~ o P y c ~ c ~ ~ . n a a ~ e c ~ 0 ~ e ~ e

~ e c~sopa~ Ice c ~ a ~ m e T ~ xas~b n p ~ F , . o . 6ons~

Ce0. IIOH~ ~" B ~ 8 ~ Ce CbTBO~Tb] TKEO]I[e ~ I 0 , Oy0HHCTBO.

• ~ - 5 0 ~ C T ~ ~ npH~a Ka~Eb o y S ~ a ~ A B a n ~ , a / laMex~ .O-

I IoHe~e 6~ Ka~lrb He a ~ M~eHbM~ npHI~TH ~ ~ , a JlaMeX~

B ~ H x a s H b 6 ~ B ~ Ha n p a p o ~ T e n ~ I ~ r o . CTBOpH Oy61OICTBO

. . . M b C T ~ a a M ~ . n o a e x e p e ~ [ c e ] s ~ n a l a c~Bopmc~ c e

~ e x ~ . . . c e x e ~ ' ~ n o n ~ b ~ o ~ A B ~ e n e x - , . H ze c ~ 6 t p o -

T a t o ~ c b 6 u ~ . . . ( 3 I a ~ p . 1 4 5 - 1 4 6 , 1019 r . )

B ~ a ~ o ~ c n y q a e c y ~ e c T a e ~ m o He TOnbKO n o ~ c ~ a ~ e CBM[TOIIO~I~ e r o 6H~JIe.RCKOft l lap/ t~Hrl~/~ Ho H TO SHaqeHHe~ KOTOpOe l l p l ~ a e T - - Cm B ~ e a a ~ Hn~ a e D ~ e H ~ n p ~ y6HflCTSe. ~onyCTI4MO n p e ~ n o n o ~ T b t qTO ~V~e CaMH BopHc H F n e 6 n e p e ~ ~ e p T b ~ 0 c o s a a - Bam~ CBO~ n P ~ m a ~ e ~ o c T b K yKasa~Hof~ n a p a ; m ~ e . 9To c o s H a ~ e MOrnO 6 ~ n o ~ o q b HM S ~06pOBOJIbHOM IIpHI~THH c T p a c T o T e p n q e c x o f t cMepT~ ( C H T y a ~ m , S KopHe OTm~qHa~ OT n o n o x e ~ m ,amens n e p e ~ y0m~CTaOM e r o I(SHHOH}. CoBHaTeJI~HOCTb Bb/~Opa ]~opHca H F n e ~ a a n p o T ~ a o n o n o x H o c T b OTCyTCTB~U0 TaXOrO B ~ 6 o p a y ABeJU~ ( c o o T -

m e ~ e ~ ~ p a s m r q ~ M e x ~ c~epof~ 6 n a r o ; ~ a T ~ ~ s a K o H a , Te~Ofi a ~ a n H s H p y e M o r o s ;~ecb naM~THHKa.

4 1 . B ~ e n o H s ~TOM s n H s o ~ e c o c o ~ o ~ p e r ~ e ~ H o c T b ~ p a c K p ~ m a e T c ~ o~q~a Hs n e p a ~ x c T p ~ TOll ;~onrof t H C T O p ~ ycBoeH~m n p e ~ e c T -

n C ~ o e o o 3 ~ x o ~ e ~ d ~ a e o O a ~ u n 93

Bymm~x gtyxoBm~x zl~tmOCTe.q NOnO~Oitp TO~bXO em~. ~ o p m ~ y m ~ e . q ~ pyccxo~t ~yXOBHOft icy~bTYpOtt. B ~TOR 14CTOpSm nopaxaeT He CTOSm-- EO r J l ~ H l i a I I p O ~ O B ~ H I 4 I I , Cl£OJI~bl£O T a cepb85HOCTb H 6 e s p a . q - J ~ rOTOBHOCTb~ C KOTOpOI~ I IDHHH)(aeTC~ .~HCCHJ! BX.'DORP.~Lq H n p o ~ c ~ e m m BeTxosaneTeo~ H c T o p ~ .

42. B~ro:~o~q, ~ n e p ~ e y n o ~ m h ~ r ~ a neTonHcH no~ 946 r . r.~x pe sH - ~ x ~ r m m (bmrR (QnD~U~ el~z0), ~axo;~4ncH n cocP.JIcT3e c KxenoN, K c e s e p y o~ Hero H H c n o ~ s o B a n c s xax a m m ~ y s e n sa- l e m ]~eaa oT HanaJiemdt nonoB~e~ c cenepa. Yxe D X1 -- Haqane X I I B. a B~sropo~e 8~n nocTpoeH ] ; o p n c o r n e 6 c ~ f t coSop (cymecT- ByeT m n m a ~ 0 p a , H3o0p~lrJuoMa~ ~3~rp n o n o B o ~ r I IOCTI)OP.~ ~)TOf~ l l e p r ~ a , cp . C~u~ecTpoac lmf l cSopm~x). I~rreper.~o, q ~ B r o p o ~ e ~ e p ~ ca~ ~Ipor.uaa H y ~ .

~3. J1er~ocT~ ~ ~ c c p o ~ a , c xaxo~t npo~sc~na xa~ommamm 3op~ca a F n e S a , o ~ c ~ a e ~ c ~ Hexo~op~m Hcr.JIP~OBaTP.Jim~! TeN, ~;I~ 0J~ 6~n~ ~ e T ~ m o~ x p ~ c ~ c ~ o r o 6paxa B n a ~ n m p a . Cp. A~,e~xoBrJm~ 1 9 7 1 : 8 3 - 9 3 , 1 2 9 - 1 3 1 H 7.tP.

~4. Bnpoqe~, Be s a 6 ~ m a ~ c ~ a c ~ a P ~ Z , a ~ o ~ ~ m c n e nepaa~ p y c c x a s ~epxoab (~ Iec s~m~.~ , 989-995 r r . ) , o zo~opo~t "3o~I 1039 r . c o - o~n~ae~c~:

0~e~a 6~ ~" ~ p ~ CT~lt B ' ~ , ~ e c o s n a Bono~qm4ep~ ~ b Hlpo-

c n a s n b . ~H~pononm'om)~eono)mTom~. (P.aup. 153)

(Cp. Al~Hanoa 1 9 1 7 : 2 1 - 3 9 ; 19&! :27-28 ~ ~qp.; a s~oft r.]sss~ ~ o n - xe~ 6~T~ y ~ o x ~ " ~ ~ o x p ~ c ~ r . ~ d t " r . ~ J;aop~" Ha C~apox~- encKoft rope~ Y n o m m a e ~ t en~e a 9 ~ $ r . H, no n p e ~ n o n o x e m m HeXoTopI~X apxeonoroB, OCTnnHInn~t no cede O~HSpy~elD~le HejIaB-- Ho c a e c a ) . ToqHo ~a~ x e xpam~ cos~aBanHc~b a sTo ape~q 14 B J~pyrHX r o p o ~ a x . 0co~oro y l I O ~ a l D D ! s a c n y m m a e ~ s a n o x e ~ a e c u - ~oN ~ p o c n a n a Bn~msmpoN Castoff Co4nm n Hosropo~e (cp . cooS- m e ~ e no~t 1045 r . ) .

45 . Cp. BOJIXOBtlTiiHOB 1825, 1826; JleSe4lHJ~es 1878; 3aaa ' r~emm 1916 ~ ~ p .

46. 3a n p e ~ e n m m s~oft C T a T ~ oc~aeTcs ps~ ~qpyr~x s a x ~ dmx~on, ~acmmmxc~ c n ~ e c x o f t ~opm~, xo~opy~ npmumo p a s B H ~ e XpHCTHaHc~Ba Ha Pyr.H H, a qacTHOCTH i l llpP.ll~e Bcero, B ~e]se ( cp . ~e~0 ~ 14 c o ~ h ~ o c ~ ~ c s s s ~ c o ~ I ~ o ~ e ~ x p a ~ a ~ a ~IpeBHef~dt nepHo~I p y c c x o r o ; l e p x o B H o r o c T p o H ~ e n b c T B a B c a e - Te H~Ieft I I .A .~ lopeHc~oro H ~ p . ; oco6cm~o~TH NOHaCT~rpCKO~t xHs - m~, N e x ~ npoqm~, o ~ e ~ m ~ e c T a a ~ xapaxTepm~e qepT~ ~mmx noAamnmxoa , xax A ~ o m d t , ~eo~Ioc~t , Ih~oH 14 ~ . n . ) . Bee s~'~ Bam~e TeJ~ He cn~sa~M Henocpe~cT~em~o c O~J~OBHOfl TeNo~t H ~ - c n e . ~ o s a s ~ - - C3B.

&7, 0 ~onorpa~n~ pa~mero K~e~a cN. , nommo p ~ a y~e ~xasamc~x pa6o~, ] ;epmmc~dt 1820~ 1830; 3axpenc~ / t 1858, 1868; l {ap~e- ~aq 1887; IIe~poa 1897; Fony6en 1910; F o n y 6 e s a 1946; T~xo~o- a~q , T~aqe~xo 1950~ BpomaTeflH 1958; l le~poa 1964; Tonoqxo 1965, 1970, 1979, 1980, 1983 14 ~p . B psAe c nyqa e a n o n e s a o o6pa~em~e

pa6o~aN, -~cnm~emn~4 F~eay a C~eCTBeHHO 003168 llos~Hee

94 S.H. Tonopoe

D F e ~ (cp . An~epona , XapJzm4oB 1982 H ~ p . ) , n o c x o n b x y T o n o r p a - 4~m ropo~Ia H P ro rpa~oc~powre r~mde CTpyX571~ y C ~ O c o x p a - ~,.u~tcb ~ ~onyc.canH o6Hapyxe.J~e s s c x o ~ ¢ ¢ cxe.N Is Teqem~e HHO-- rm¢ HeXOn. 0 rpccoccpowre.q ' ,~m4 H apxH'rex¢ypHoM a c n e x ' r a x p a u - Hero KHena (~uno~b JIo nonemmH o x a p a x T e p e NaccoBo~t s a c ~ o A m Kueaa) cM. FouqapoH 1948j E o r y c e ~ 1952, 1954; K o p s y x ~ a 1956; Kaprep 1957: Ac¢¢a 1969; I~pattqencJudt 1972; PannonopT 1975l Tonoqxo 1981, 1983 H J~,,

48. IlapxoMem¢o 1924:100. 49 . ~o H s H e c ~ o l t cTenema c x e ~ a p a s n H : ~ q EJ4e~a, peaJn~oaan , nas ~ a

polka ¢aasP .~ - no ¢MeamOCTH {mS ~P.HTpa x 6uu4xafimP.Jt TeppHTopHH: KnCv~mcapoa r o p o ~ - - ~ .qpoP_~aaoa ropo;~ H T .H . ) H no npe.j~embHoft pasae~esaocTR n ]~e .~enax ¢eppHTop~ amTyanb~n~x H ecTecTaeHa~x cnaseft (lVmea - - Heqep~ H ¢ . n . ) , -- Noxe¢ 6MTb IIOCTaB~IP.Ha H co- oTaeTcTaHe c pas~THeJ< ~peaHeR P3vP.R (KHeB --~ ~ a t ~ I H e KHEIKe-- cTBa H KHe~ ~ Hoaropo~ ~ux KKeB - - Eua;nourp).

50. Cp. Acccs l~;F~a~ I~co,.oud~ 1966, 1967; B H c o ~ d ~ 1978; Tonoqxo 1979, 198G~ 1983 H ~p. EcTb ~exoTopue oceoaam~ nonaraTb, qTo ~ e ~ o a ~¢O~ nep~o;~ ~aq}mmo~ o~opMn~TbC~ Te aepcm~ '*J~oapo- cnasoHofi" HCTOpm~ F.~eaa H HCTO~On PycH~ xo¢op~e Haftj~-r pasHH- w e no~ nepo~ Hec¢opa (npHsaa~me a a p ~ r o n , H O T ~ , c n ~ s a m m e c 0ne~o~ c 0n~roA, c Ac~on~TXo~ H ~ p o ~ ; ~ ocHoaamm l~esa l ~ e ~ , o ~e~ c~q. ~s pa(5o~ nocne~Hero n p e ~ e ~ Ca~of tnonc~x~t 1961; IIe~pon 1962~ BpeJ~qeacbmsdl 1963~ K p H n ' ~ e a ~ , ]~pafbzencb- smA 196&~ macKom>cscsdt 197&~ Caxapon 1975; l f a a ~ o s , Tonopos 1976~ Pu~axon 1980; Tonoq~o 1979, 1980, 1983; I n a x i H 1982 H. 7~P.). OcoSa:~ ' r e . , ~ a - o~op~nemte nepcscet o noce~em, m anocconoN A ~ e e ~ ~eaCJUU¢ top H o ao~p~xemm sot sj~ec~ KpecTa (cp. HS- BecTHyl0 l~H:ma~opy Ha STy TeNY HS Pa~SHBHJInOBC~Oft neTol~HcH). Te~a anocTor~cxof t ) m c c ~ a I~eB Bl~yTpeHHe CHSSaHa C l ~ e e f t

n a r o ~ a ¢ H ~ pasaHaae~4oft a C3];. I l popoqecxoe n p e ; i c H a s a ~ e anocTona A ~ p e ~ :

• . . BI4~Te ~ ropM cHIta, t/t~o Ha ~ r o p a ~" BOC~Ktt#Tb

n0"~'~n~r b Fu~la. ~qa='b r p a ~ ae.qHX~ [6biTH] H U.p--']P.nH H~Or~

~ s ; m H r H Y ~ m<aTb [H nanee: ] [HI B~me;~b Ha ropM cHl~ ¢

c~'~',, m . [HI noc 's 'as~ ~'p'r~ s~ no~ons~ , c . a ~ . . . (~ Ia sp . , 8)

HaK 6hi C~blBaeTP.JK Ha r318~ax aHTOpa C.R]]~ ~blcl~lIaz~el-o 1¢8X CBIT-- ;~eTanb yTsepa~emm H npHCyTCTB~ ~oxecTnes~oft f lnaro;xaT~. Cp. HypbsHos 1969: 159-163.

51. "T~r~a ze 6o c m ~ a ~ o 6 n a x e ~ AHTOmm, X m s ~ ~ ne- n~ep~, H O~pHnaT~s~ ze ym~Mb yCTpbNHC~ ~ ne~ep~" . Hec~oYpH Ha nom, rr~y A~Tomm OTrOnOpHTb ~OHONy (H Tel l caM~4 Hcr~TaTb cepbesHocTb e r o pememm) - - " q a ~ o , s ~ n~ He~epy clgo~ ClqbpObHO Cyl~e I~CTO H ~eca t~me naqe ~ x ~ ~ C T ~ . T~ z e y ~ r.b~, HH0Ze NHID, H He 14Ha~e TpLII~T~I Ha HSSCT~ c e l ~ cwbp(~H'j -- Ha~ep~ Seo~oc~m He 6un~ noxone6ne~M: "B1~o~, qbc~ba~dl o~b- qe~ HKO npopasym~sa~.b aC~qbCZ~nmb gor"b npHneJIe: )m~ CnaTOC~

" C ~ o e o o 3 a ~ o ~ e u d . ,~aeodamz~" 95

TBOeI~ H C/IaCTH lq~ B~JI~, TbalqbXej P.JIHKO JIH B ~ C~TBOpHTH, C~TBOp~". Y s ~ e n c e p b e s H O C T b ~ a N e p e ~ ~ e o ~ o ~ w a , A ~ T o ~ 0 n a - r o c n o B J ~ e T e r o ~ 0 o p : " ~ a r o c n o n e ~ l ; o r ~ , q a J I o , y ~ p t ~ m ~ TH Ha c e T I ~ I ~ H ~ H Ce Iq~CTO - - 0y~K B~ H ~ . . . T a q e ~)T/aI'OCTIOBH H CTapblI~ H noBe.r/~ BP.ZIH~ONy lh~lCOHy O C 1 3 ) ~ - H • . . " (F~THe ~ O - - ~OC..iul").

52,. Cp, c.uoBa K noy'qe-~_~ CB, <g, eo~oc.l¢~[ "o " r p ' b ~ ~ o ~ B H , O Tp~n~Hlol H l q l ~ l o c ~ o ~ ~ H o ~ e H I H " , CN. YloHo~/apea 1 8 9 4 : 3 3 - 4 3 H ~ p .

53. r r p H B e p ~ r ~ O C T v- x iIeHl~o nCSJllqOB n o T I q e p x ~ B a e T c ~ B m~K~c~ ~eoT~o- c .~s" Heo~%~oxpa'r~o. Cp . e ~ e : ."H c a x o BbC~ n p ~ H o y v . a a ~ e Mo- Jm~-~c.~ ~ o Foc.no,~y ~ ~,e Oec~,~oBa' r~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ y x e n o ~ a B e q e p b -

NOT/HTB~ H He IIpP..XO~TH OT EP.JII~ ~ l~eJlH]0~ h'~ B~b r..Boe~ ~ e m m 0 o r a ~ o J m ~ , . . . n c a n ~ ~ I a B M ~ O B M B~ y C T ~ CBO ~ ~C~ H~y~e . . . E ~ O ~ 0 0 ~ O ~ n o s ~ 0 ~ B x e ~ o 0 ~ n c a -

c ~ OJI~reHi~41q~ HaCT~BbII~LEOI~ H n a c ~ CBOH~i~ ~ e o ; l o c H e ~ b H nolc~e/~b yTpbH~l~ r r C a J l l q M . . . " H T . I I . ( c p . T ~ / ~ e CC/~IKF B t~/4THH'!: | t T ~ l ~ e H 00~bCTBbHJ~I~ ~ ~ B M ~1~ ~b O C~4[~ l l p ~ B ~ l l ~ ooet|)~

Cp. : "H ce n ~ ~ xe ~ P ~ L ~ l Jnap~o~ , ~ o ~ ~ . g ~ e Oo

~ ...no 55. 0 0 o c o 0 o ~ 5 ~ n e c n ~ o e ~ ~ e o T l o c ~ c~. 4~-~1o~o~ 1959; KoJxorp~mo~

1 9 6 1 : 2 9 - 4 4 . ~ e o ~ o c ~ O~n x a ~ o ~ s ~ r p o ~ a ~ ~ ! ! 0 8 r . , BToptdlq n o c q e ' r y n o c . n e E o p H c a ~ r ' n e 0 a (C.~, B ~ m b e n 1893 ~ , v . p . ) . C .ue~o- 2aTeJIbHO~ X~4el4HO ~TH TpH o 0 p a s a c ~ a ~ 0 o n ~ e f t r n y 0 ~ o f t o T B e q a - Jm x ~ e a n y p y c c x o r o 0 n a r o q e c ~ m n X ~ - X I I BB. 00OftT~ HX npH a ~ a J m s e 7 ~ x o s ~ o f t C ~ T y a m m ~ l ~ e n e ~ l~eBC~Oft P y c ~ X I - X l I S ~ . HeBOBMO~IO. FJIy0OKO CHI~OJIHqHO# qTO O~W~ H~ B /~a~E~XC~ IqaCT~" poB p a ~ e r o n e ~ o n ~ c a ~ u ~ HecTop 0wx T a x x e H c o c T a B ~ r e n ~ X~Tm~ ~ o p ~ c a ~ F n e O a H ~ o ~ q o c ~ (c~q. e r o " B c ~ n e ~ m e B "K~T~e ~ e o ~ o - c ~ l l e q e p c ~ o r o ~ ) . 0 c o 6 a ~ y x o p e ~ e ~ H o c T ~ ~ 5 ~ x o 0 p s ~ o B B peJI~ITH-- OSHO~ CO~HaI~IH Ha P y ~ C 0 c T a B J ~ e T HeKOTOpb/~ I~OHTpaOT C OTHO-- mexa4eM B ~TON ILr/~H@ E K ~ I O BJlS~Hl414py. (ON. Tslo~e CoJIOBbeB 1 9 1 3 , r ~ e ~ a ~ a ~ a n x a p a x ~ e p ~ c ~ a ~ a c s . R n a ~ m p a a c s a s H c IIpoOJIP~OI~ XpHCTHaHCI~OrO l'OC~r~apCTB8) ~ 0 n p H ~ c n e ~ x o ~ o p o r o

m m ~ c z ~ 5 ~ x Tax r o p ~ q o H 0 e s y c n e ~ H o ( s o n c ~ o N ~ e Ha ~qonroe ~ e ~ q ) c T a p a n c ~ a n ~ o p C3~ . F~naroT~aTb T a l m c ~ ' B e l ~ o H s O x - p a e ~ K n ~ a x a ~ TOrO, x ~ o p a c ~ a ~ n c ~ H n p e o ~ I o n e n r p e x :

a ~ e 0 o 05~ H n p e x e Ha c ~ e p b H 3 n 0 n o x o ~ b x e n a m . HO n o r . u ~ x e

n p ~ . u e x a ~ n o x a h 5 1 m ~ , t ~ o x e anJrb BS~laBaeTb~ K ~ e x e o3n4Ho-

x m T b c £ rpSSx~. Ty HSOOlgIbcTByeTb f lnl"Tb. (J laBp. 131, 1015 r . )

TeM ~ o 0 p a ~ K H ~ ~187~lqHpa BBO~HT HOBb/~ T I ~ CBHTOCTH H q ~ e c ~ 5 ~ c p y c c ~ o f t ~epxBH# COOTHOCH~ft, B qSCTHOCTH s H C

96 B.H. Tonopoe

~py;'HMH pa~Oa/IOCTO/IbHMMH CBKTWMH, 0CO6Oe OCHOBSHHe CEJITOCTH KHRS~[ B J 1 ~ a ~ B el"o CO6CTB_em~OM H S M e H e H H H l lO~ L~HH-- m4e~ HM Xe ==e~e~Horo Ha PycH Xp~cTHaHcTBa H n n e p a ~ x n o r ~ r r - Kax xpHcTKaHHsa~m r o c y ; l a p c T D e m ~ o - n o m ~ e c x o A c~epu . C p . : " ~ p y r o e ~ o x a s a T e n b c T ~ o y c n e x o n XpHcI~aHCTBa HP.J~Sg He BH~IeTb a n o N n ~ n ~ x , He ~ n ~ o H o ~ m w ~ m ~ n c n o O e ~ a x x p H c ~ a K c x o A r o c y - j i a p c T B e ~ o c ~ B o n n o ~ e N x o ~ ) p o ~ OCTanCX B n a ~ T H p y c c x o r o ~ a p o ~ a c ~ x p e c T m ~ m P o c c ~ - - B n a ~ p CaxTo i t . J I e T o n ~ c e u o ~ - q e ~ o n p o a o ~ T p a s ~ n ; y ~ e x ~ o T ~ o m e ~ e ~ e r o x cnoef~ ~ u a c ~ ;Io n p ~ x p H c ~ a ~ c T a a H n o c n e , oH p H c y e T e r o Ha~ nacxon~nq ]rJ~sP.N~ nOKpOBHTe~IP.M cT~a~blX H 0 ~ , sa~OT~[HMr.~ O~ YCTpOe-- ~ n ~ ~ O ~ H I ~ I H 6 o r a ~ i e ~ e ~ , o c n p a ~ e ~ n ~ a o c ~ , ~ p o r . ~ e ~ e l n ~ , o ~ n s r o y c ~ p o A c ~ s e r o c ¥ ~ a p c ~ n a " ( l l l ~ e ~ 1 9 8 5 : 3 ~ 5 ) . B sTo~t n e p - c n e w n ~ B e ~ s b B n a ~ U ~ p o ~ a s ~ s a e ~ ~ a x 6 ~ n e p ~ Hs "Ho~,~x J'fl0~e~" (n STOM ~ c . n e 5 ' p ~ oT~e.rmeT el"o O T l l p e l ~ e c T a e l f l . l H - KOB) He s a ~ a ~ , nl lpoqeM s O el -o 6fl~Ke 0~bl-e s H BoBce He COX-- paHKeT l l ~ T H O BOSMO]~OM "llepBGM K ' p P . ~ tt Pyr.J.i B I X B. s npH n a T p H a p x e ~OTHH) H B TO z e B p e ~ , 6eSyC~OBHO, n e p B ~ TeX~ KTO BHeC C~eT Bce~eHcKoro xpHcTHaHcTBa B r ~ e p y " ~ a p c ~ - B a " , XaX OHO C r . ~ n ~ m a ~ o c b Ha P y c ~ .

56. Cp. HoHoMape~ 189& :82 -83 (~oMMeHTap~ X C3B ~ . l ' . K a n y m m a ) ; ~ u - - o n 1 9 0 ~ : 7 5 c ~ . ; Eapa~ 1 9 1 6 : 3 c n . ~ ; i n . -.

57 . TTpa~;ia, cy~ec~syeT M~e~me (Bapa~ 1 9 0 6 : 3 9 9 r . n . , 1 9 1 6 : 6 ) , c o - m a c h o XOTOpOMy "~eo;1ocsf l cnop~m ~e c e B p e m m , : m a m ~ m a r o - p o A e , a c . ~ o O p o ~ o n b ~ n np~ .mno , nbm~q4~ ~ ' ~ e ~ e ~ K 8 ~ Hs e ~ p e e a , EOTO~Me o ~ n a n ~ OT x p H c ~ a ~ c T a a H 6~nH c o ~ n a ~ ~ n ~ B p a s ~ n e ~ H y ~ e ~ e a a m ~ Hx B I l e q e p r . J ~ MOHaCT~p~, ~ I e o ~ o ~ o , Ta~HO CO6Hpa~Hcb n o H o q a ~ ~ coBep~ex~u~ eBpeflr .J~oro 6 o l - o N o ~ H

6t~ n p t m e c T H p~:~ a p r y ~ e H T o B (Ham~eHonam~e t~s3t~on" ~ ~ . q ~ H ~ . ~ O ~ D ~ O ~ L M ~ I ~KaqflI'lH8 H8 ~OX'OI~aTHOCT v- TG.I~IX ~ l ~ O ~ O B

npwxo~I B r o p o ~ t c a ~ e ~ ~ a x T no71oa~n~x H o w ~ x o O x o ~ o a ~ e o - ~or~eM NOHa,~.OD B MoHacT~pe~ C p . : "HMILqme Xe O ~ a A CJDI~ Bem~- ]Rb~ OTbl~b HS~b ~eO~OC;L~= ~KOXe IIO BC~ HO~H. OOHXO~[~HT ~ K ~ MHRDCOBbi B b C ~ XOT~ ~ , J ~ T H xol~o::~o H'A"b xaKo :IE~THe" H T o l l . ) •

58 . Km0~eBoft ~OT~m T e ~ c T a - enpe~ n o 6 ~ m o T ~ a s a p n p m m T b Hx ~epy H o ~ ; ~ a ~ TO ~ e ~Ienawr H c a p a ~ . 0 T C ~ a n p o c b 6 a n p H c n a T b " ) q r ~ a ~ o r o " ~ ~o~op~f t n e p e c n o p ~ n ~ e B p e e B H c a p a ~ , n o c - n e ~ e r o x a s a p ~ IIpHH~[H 0M X p H C ~ S H C I ~ 0 B e p y ( c p . n o n ~ H x x a s a p m 4 o 0 ~ e m ~ e Ha pe . ,ml '~osHoft n o q n e KOHCTaHTIIHa C CaMapHTA-- ~ o ~ n K o p c ~ m ~ ) .

5 9 . B n p o q e ~ HeKo~op~e ; ; e T a n ~ He n ~ n ; e ~ ~ ,~Tepeca~ x o ~ ~ o r y ~ O6b-- ~C~TbC~ ~ ~Haqe. Cp. "Hamero oy~mTen~ H ~ a c T a ~ a " ( 1 8 ~ ) Kax BOSNO~Sn0 ~ a n b ~ ' c n o c n e ~ a n ~ e c ~ o r o ' r ~ v n a y e n p e e n • m o r e n u we-rabbenu ~ "Ham tlacTaalulg 14 yqIIT~YDb t~ . CM. B a p a ~ 1 9 1 6 : 2 3 .

6 0 . B ~ a ~ T o ~ t e e ape~.~ STO~ ~ p y r H c c n e ~ o ~ a m ~ Me~eT (5~rr~ s H a ~ - TeJIbHO p a c n m p e H . Eme n a ~ H e e t ~TO a o n p o c o CB~SH n e p a o H a q a n b - Hofl xpHcTHaHcKOft ~mTypr~m c c ~ m a r o r a n b ~ M 6oron, ny~eH~eM no;~-

"CAoeo o 3 a x o n e u 6 ~ a ~ o O a m u " 9 7

Tnep~cs nonHocT~. Cp. Oesterley 1925; Gavin 1928; Dugmore 1945; Dix 1945, 1956; Shi.~an 1953; ByRe 1965; NMeNaH s.a. H ~P,

61. TOT ze HccJleAosaTe.nb ~p~eJl K aMBer" o TOM, qTO HBBeCTH5~ XOBH~ CTHX, ToHS~. II~ecl.l~ EBaHFeJIHCTa" CJIO]~4~ no~ Br~UIHHeM espeflcKoro nece~Horo T~KCTa "Echad ml Joden" ("E~HH. KTO sHa- eT?"}; cM. Bapa~ 1916, a Ta~xe 1906, 1907. 0 enpe~cx~x ~-- HHSX a 0ones nos~R~x T~KCTaX HalI~KCaHO H~MSJIO. Cpo 14~ CS/q~E~ UOCJIeJIHHX paSoT ApXHllOS 1982 H ~P. Bo BCJ~KOM cJ~qae ocos~e ceSR KRK "HOBOI'O ~paH/IH ts He pas oTMeqeHo n pyccsOR ~yxoBHOR Tpa~uu~.

62. Cp. Dunlop 1954; ADTaMoHOS 1962; ~/muleB 1966; HneTHesa 1976 (1986) ; Koestler 1978; Golden 1980 H ~p. Hs 0ones pamu~ pa- 0OT, lleHl.l~l~, Me]K~y ~pOqHM, H csoe~ opHeHTa~HeR Ha xasapcxo- CJIaBRHCK~0 I~O0JIeMaTHI~, CN. DVOZIt~ 1933; HO~iU 1926-1927, 1929, 1931a, 1931b; Ho~H 1931c:4| -60 K ~P.

63. Cp. A1Ha~t~ 1966; Kup fe r -Lew ick i 1956; rapxa~x 1874, 1880 H T.II°

64. "It is cocoon kn~dledge that before the Rus' conquered Kiev, the city was under ~zarian administration", of. Golb, Prlt- sak 1982:43.

65. "The Kievan letter was written in Kiev in Hebzew and was read a n d annotated by sQmeone, evidently an official c h a r g e d With reading documents, in ~azarlan script and lenguage, whose annotation certified the validity of the document for travel purposes. The very fact that the c e r t i f y i n g annotation was written in Khazarlan and stated ~I have read [it]' ~akes c l e a t that at that particular t ime officials in Kiev making such st~atements were able to read Hebrew and at the same time used the Khazarlen language for official purposes" (Ibld., 43-43). Hecxonbzo ~anee -- sax~oe saMeqa~e o TOM, qTO MS~0Be- po~T~O ynoTpe~ne~e xasapcxoro ss~xa s KHese, o~n~an~m~x ~en~x notre ero sa~oeaa~ Pycb~; cKopee s KaqecTse lingua frasca "HosoR sp~" MOt ~IIOTpe~LqT~C~ CKaI~MHaB~RH~ H/HJIX cJ~a- sneexs~z SS~XH. Oeoa~4 sz~ nonlmmxa O- ttR3lr~O~l~,R tt r ~ H [ ~ ] [ ] i ~ B K~ese npH np~mT~ He~anHo Su--~yTOR opHr~an~HoR r~noTesM O TOM s qTO " x a s a p e l o ~ " TIOpKCIO~ RSMX ~MJX npHHRT SO~TOqlfl~fl~ espemM~ "KapaHTcKOR" sep~ Mex~y VIII H XI BB. (I) Ha TeppHTO-- p~ XasapcKoro KaraHaTa (Moskovich# Tttkan 1985:87-106) H, CJle,~OSaTe.rlbHO, OH SbiTer.HHJ1[ l l p~eCTB~01~y i0 'eMy CeMHTCIK~ petLlb,

65. Y]te n o c n e OT~p~THS s~a~em~To.-o ; ; o K y ~ e ~ a mex~epa (npex~e ~ c e - r o o~se~Horo m a c ~ a x a s a p c x o r o xa raHa Hocs~a espef tc~o~y OBH~y Xac~a~ HO~r-~aC~yTy ~s Kop~os~) cTano ~c~o, ~ o ~ ' ~ a ~ s ~ 0bLq y~eJIOM He TO,~blqO x a s a p c K o ~ nepxymxH (n qaCTHOCTH, xmpc~o- ro ~Bopa), Ho H scex xasap n ~enoM. 0 ~OKyMeHTe NexTepa cM. Schechter 1912-1913; KoKos~es ]913, 1932; GO]J), PTitsak 1982 H ~IP, B yKaSSHHOM OTBeTHOM DHCbMe Oco0eHHo C~eCTBeH MOTt~ m~Oopa SepM e HeO;IHOKpaT~ no;xqepr~mammM TOPO, qTO "Bepa Hspa~n~- nyqma~ sepa, H sc~ oHa- HCTHHa", a TaKes MOTI~B IIpHOMTHR HSpaHJIbCKRX My~pe~ose KOTOpMe O0~bRCIOUIH SaI~OH MoHce~

9 8 B . ~ . Y o ~ z o p o e

H H~noan-.m~ no nopsAxy ]~ce 3anosP,,.~. Baze~ ~part~eHT o npaBe,u- uoM H c n p a ~ e A n ~ o M sIape O ~ a ~ a , n o c ' r p o ~ m e x r . ]~aroz 'R H m x o , ~ H co~paDmeH Hspaltubr, X~¢ ~ ' . ~ e u o n , KOTOpue O ~ ~ ~ 24 KH}[I'H CssnZe~oro llHca.,uu[~ MHmHy, T a m p a H Ber, b nop~AoK Mon-- HTS, KaK ~TO IIpH~[TO y XOIISaHOB (¢HHaFoz'anbHIdX HaHTOpOB). Ilor.JIe 0~a~bH, XOTOp~ "6OJUIC~ ~oFa H ~ I 4 U l 5aKoM H 3alIoBeJIH", 0~no e~e Her.KOn~KO ~apeR; o;Dm Hs HHX 6~n 6 p a t 06a~bH no HM-- eHH Xa~WXHa (sTo z e ];ou[ oTMeqeHo H B "I~e.Br, HOM ZIHCbMe"). 0 -pose.m~TH=He x a s a p H Hx CaHSH c pasRH~CTHqeCHHM HyAaH=MOM c x . G o ] b , P r i t s a k 1 9 8 2 : 2 4 - 3 2 H ~ p .

67 . X a p a r r e p E ~ t npHMep HeKs~eXHO B o s ~ x a ~ e _ q B Tax~x ycr~0B~X ~ByCM~C.UeHHOCTH paccMoTpeH Menges 1 9 7 5 : 7 - 1 2 (B HexoTop0M n p e - Aerie BOBMOXHOCTb n p o T x s o n o n o x ~ x H H T e p n p e T a ~ : K~eB Kax Hpafl~ sana~ea~ qaCTb XasapcKoro HaraHaTa ~ Xasap~q Fax Hpa~HRR BOCTOqHSJI qaCTb K~eBCHOR ~r~l).B ~TOM HOHTeHCTe OS~-- RcHReTCR~ B qaCTHOCTH s Has~maHHe, xexss Eua~a~pa CB~TOCJI~H-- qa HaFaHOM~ HsBeCTHOe no PR~IY CB]~eTP2IbCTB (B TOM ~c~e H B C35). HonarmoT, qTO a pycc~OR KH~KecKoR THTynaType STOT Tep-- MHH y~ep~u4Banc~ c nepBoA TpeTH IX a . Ao BTOpOR IIO,UOBH]~I XZ B . , Hor~a oH 6~n yTpaqeH (HoBocen~ue, 1982:150-159).

68. l~pe~MeT COO6~eH~Lq -- Tpy~Oe nonozeHHe "STOrO Map HHo0a 6ell P. Xam~",

69. ~pyn~e BapHaHTM HasBsHR~ HS ¢pe~HeBeHOBbOC enpeflcKHx TeHCTOH (Cp. q~yo-b_; KYW, k£yow, klyew; q~y~ww; q~y~_) OTHOC~TC~ 3nKe H Xll H Aaze XIII ~. (Golb, Pr£tsak 1982:12-13}.

70. 3~o ,~, Hp~ulaK (Op.cit.:52) ~RdBO~HT HS T~0~HCI~OrO D~MeHHOI~O Hasnmum oHorypoa: Feo~oe < ~o~r-~n- < ~on(o)~ur-.

71. 0 KO~eBOM Ho~ale CM. MaKCd~4OBHq 187]; 3axpencxHR 1868; ~- Kapen 1879; Kaprep ]959; TonoqKo 1970 H ~p.

72. Cp. u~Ta~anb (nepc. "~uhendaz Hr~ ark, apa~. qalCa HnH hi~}, BHyTpeH~4fl ~opon (nepc. §ahrlst~n, apa6. mad~na) H HoMMepqec-- KH--peMeCJIeHH~fl npH~OpOA (nepc. b~r~n, apa6. rabad), CM. ~as- poa 1950.

73. B HacTo~ee Bpe~q ~enecoo6pasHo BepHYTbC~ H o~e~e sToro snH- soAa. He HcKmoqeHo, qTO 6 e c e ~ a Ena;~sa4Hpa c enpe~Ms~ 06 Hx n e p e H ~OayCTHMOCTb H~IeH npHH~TH~ Hy;IeAcHOR aepN oTpa~a~r nnonHe peanbx47Jo (H ; laxe HCTOpHqecKH H ncHxonoz'HqecHH npanAolloAoOHy]0) ¢HTyalIIG0.

74. H.C.TpyOeu~co~t s cnoe n p e ~ n p o ~ a T e m J ) H o yHasan Ha a x T y a n b - HOCTb ~y~aHsMa n K~ene a Xl B. (cs~s~BaeMoro ~M C nponara~oR xa3apcKl~x eBpeen) H none~uu~ npoT~a Hero a C35. CM. T r u b e t z - koy 1973=t20 . Cp. Ta~xe THXOMHpon 1968: n CnS~b C oOpas0M "2~¢oxmel, o osepa saxoHa" ¢TaBHT¢~ OKoHqaTeJIbHSR ~KB~alDLq xasapcHoPo ~UV" .-~qecTsa a CeBepJ.~M HpHqepHoMopbe (B pesy~bTa- Te Hoxo~a Rpocna~a B 1036 ~. Ha neqeHeron, co~s~Hxa~m HOTO-- pNX Ob~H xassp~).

75. B CBHSH C R~IapHOHOM ~OCTOBepHOe HHop~a TecHo COapHKaCSeTC~ C r ~ n o T e ~ e c r ~ M . Cp. npe~no~oxeHHe M.~[.IIpHcen~osa o npHtmTHH HnapHoHoM (nocne TOrO Hall oH nepecTan 0NTb MHTpon0~J4TOM) Cx~-

no~ ~eHeM HHKOHa~ O ~HS~ n K~eno--HeqepcHoM MoHacTNpe H

" C ~ o e o o 3 ~ x o ~ e u d ~ e o d = m u " 99

' roa~ecTBe Hnapuo,~a- Ib~mm c I t~:ouoN (yNep a 1088 r . J , c o c T a - J e ~ , no N~emuo I~axNaToaa, nepB~n~ l ~ e B o - H e q e p c x ~ ~ e ~ o n ~ c -

c a o n 1073 r . (CH. IIpHcP.J~om 1 9 1 1 : 1 9 5 c n . , 1 9 1 3 : 1 0 9 - 1 1 1 , 1 8 1 - 2 3 7 ) . Bce s ~ cooOpaxem~q ~e ~ ,~xo~T ~a paNx~ r ~ n o T e s ~ , ~o e.q H e n b s l o ~ a s a T b ~ s oc~Poy~a~ , H~, n o z a n ~ , a HsBecT-- HOlt ; lone " H c T o p ~ x o - n c ~ x o n o r ~ q e c x o r o " n p ~ o n o ; I o 6 ~ , r p a H ~ a - mero c ;IOCTomepHoCTI~0. B c n o e BpeNs 6 ~ I o ~ c x a s a H o npP.J~ono- x e ~ e (ue s c T p e ~ m e e , o ~ a x o , no;I;Iepmcx) o n p ~ t a ~ n e x e o c ~ n e p y HnapHona p ~ a TexcTOB, ~ a x o ~ m H x c s B ~Lq6opHHxe" 1076 r . ( " l l o y q e ~ e o1~18 x c ~ ' , "CTocnoBes1" H ;UP.}. CN. Popov 1933: 2 1 0 - 2 2 3 .

76. CN. o ~ y r m ¢ c o ~ m e m m x : ]fctaaoB 1 9 0 4 : 2 9 - 3 6 ; T y m m ¢ ~ 1915: 475 s4 c.u.; Poson 1963:144 x o n . , 1975; H A i l e r 1962, 1971 x ;UP.

77. CN. I Ie , rpoac lo~ 1908:89-94 n z;p. 0 ~ n m m m ~36 Ha n o s ~ e ~ w m Tpa~tmx~ (smH o saaxoNcTne c Hm4) c p . : ](~aHOa 1904; C n e p n - - PJ3ttt 1921; H t m o n b c x u 1928-1929 ; l'y~IsHfl 19~5:95 ; Mt~l.lez" 1962; Poson 1 9 6 3 : ! & 1 a ~ . - Sapa~t ( 1 9 1 6 : ! 6 - 2 1 ) , o~Halco t ~ac~a tm ae~ aa oOpa~aoA ~ a ~ c m 4 o c ~ C31; o~ ~ , cocTa~ue~a~x ~o~eHlq4a- ~om, H, one~onaTenbHo, OTHOCH~ n o ~ B n e ~ e coana~Im0n~x qac~ef t " I lox~an~" xo ape~e~H a e pa~bme XTZI n . F~nee TOrO, ~ e n a e ~ c s ; l o n y ~ e ~ e , q~o a ~ o p C31; r i p , e r a s x SSI~4~TBOBSJ~LF.M H 14~ He~o- me~mero ~o s a c n o x n a n ~ o r o c n o a a Cn. l;opifcy S o n r a p c z o N y , ~ a - m4CaHIfONy IIpH e r o CldHe Ci414eOHe, BO~NOlmO, O,tXlSl~a4 )IS yqelfl4XOa KOHCTaHTs~a H He~o,qsu~. Hec~o~px Ha I~em~ocTb npsme.,qe.mn~ F)apa- UoN n a p ~ n e n e A , n ~enoN e r o ~oqxa spem~q ej~na mc o c ~ o a a T ~ .

78 . Pasy~ee~c .q , c.qe~ye~ nomm~b o ~ou , q~o ~a c ~ p y x ~ p a q a c ~ f t , ~OTOpa~ xapaxTepHsyeT C31; D fiFO, Tax cKaSaTb, XSHOHI~eCK01q n ~ t e , x o r n a nO~DHTbC~ n o s x e , n q a c ~ o c ~ , nc~t nepo~ n e p e n ~ c - ~ o n . Poson ( 1 9 6 3 : l & & - l & 9 ) , u e z ~ y npoqm% n p e ~ a r a e ~ o ~ us BO3MOaCHIdX BapH&HTOB TflXO~ K O N I I O $ ~ o Te, M H~ NeHee, ecTb ~O- cTaToqHo cepbesm~e o c H o n a H ~ Tpa~Tonaq~ C31; ~a~ ~pexqnem~no xo).(noslu.Ua0, no ~paf~neft Nepe , rlpKHela~TenbHo IR CHTyalII~ xlepnoro pHTyaJlbH01"O FlpOHSHeCeHlUl ~)TOI"O ' r excTa . BJry ' rpeeK~ cn~Sb qacT'- eA H r~yOnm~a~ no rmca pass~mae.~e,,x R~IeJt ~ o~pasoa npe,wrxonaraeT c ~O.,'lbmO~/ DepOHTHOCT]bi0 HCXO,U, HOe e~0[HHCTHO. Ha]RoHe~, BO BC~KO)4 cnyqae yxe c oqeHb pmnsero Bpe~eHs40CHOaHOA (He no xo,m4qec~ny cnHcKO~, a no ycTaHonxe Ha ) 4 a ~ b H ~ 0 non~toTy) ?e.~cTonorH- qeci~oft peanb~ocTblo ~rL~nC~ q'pexcocTagla~ Te~CT C3B. C ~ Ha ~'o, q'ro n 60nbmHHCTne cn~c~on lq0JIHTna noHemaeTc~ Kax cm4oc~o- sTen~Hoe npoHsnP.~e.HHe~ cY~eCTne.mn~, Ho He lq0ryT 6brrb l lo,n~oc- ~bto ,~oxasaTe.ubH~t. C31; cnoero po;Ia 'rpsmq'xx, ss xmr~a~ qacqq, oSna~aeT n-coxoA c~enem~o cm4ocToa~-ubnoc'ra (ocoOesmo ec.,m peqb ~ e ~ o ~axoN y m m e p c a n b H o r o T~na T e x c ~ e , xax Homt~na) .

79 . C ~ . slema~e c o o O p a x e ~ m - - E p e m ~ 19&4, 1956 H ~IP. Cp. Ta~xe F o n y 6 ~ c r ~ t i 880: 690.

80. JIo nor.ueJInero npe~4e~u4 c~uoh,~n~ 6buuc Hrl~op~ponaTb o p H r ~ e a n b - eOC~b nponsneAemdt x m s o ~ q e c x o r o ~ n a no ~qny~ o c ~ o n ~ - n c~ny s r o ~ e ~ p ~ q e c x o A a O e p p a u ~ ~a6ru0Aa~en~, n p ~ a ~ n e . z a ~ e r o "eexaHomcqecscoA" 'rpa,~u.UnJ, H n cscny TOrO, qTo xa~omtqecxa~ "0pHl"l~aJlbH0(:Tb" a c e r ~ a ~ ?a~ CK89aTb ~ K O ,11 ;I e K T H B K 8 H

100 B.H. ~'onopoe

p a s ~ p ~ : e T ~ ~ce )m : e x c T m m , oTHocsmemcR x ~ a m i o ~ lrdmoKy, 6 e s x a x o ~ - m ~ o ~ s ~ e p p m ~ - - m ~ . Ho o p K m m a ~ K o c : ~ ~ T o r o : w n a oBmapya~Bae~ co Bce~ o q ~ c T ~ o c ~ o e 3maqmme ~ ~ a x p o m m , OCO~HHO IIpH c p s ~ [ e m ~ c TeXs zrJ['O MpeAmeC'f'~OBaJlO ~O BpeNeHH 7 w B e . ~ , ~mm ~ o m a . ~ o p m t p o n m m e .mo6oro ]~meoHa npe~no.uaraeT C o 3 H a T ~ O'fpbZB (pa31ZzlB) ¢ CHCTeI,4OA 3 c T e ' I " M ~ 3 1 X XpHTepH-- e a H oIIe.Hor D1)~n~mwmel'o nepHoAa )! s C J I P - ~ O B a T e . T ~ H O s COOTBeTCT-- By3x~H~ qST=rO OCOSH&BaP.J4M~ ~ opHFHHaJIbHOCTH.

81 . Bllpoqelq, Bp81',~ OT Bp~,4~IH nOi~I~0TCH CCblJIZ~ ~ HCTOq~ntF,.,.'4s Hoc.m~e o ~ m ~ x a p a x T e p . C p . . Hanpmcep:

110 I lpOpOqbCT~ i c a i H & ( 1 7 4 a ) ; M A a ( s H ) ~ ( 1 8 1 a ; s c £ 1 . : p ~ -

V~) ; I~xo x e pe ~ ' H c a l a ( 1 8 1 6 ) ; H £ c m m o . . . H n a ~ l m l e . . .

x n ~ ( 1 8 3 a - 1 8 3 0 ) ; ~ £ c m m o ( 1 8 4 a ) ; p e q e e B a r * r m m ~ r ' b

(175o)

Him Aa~8:

Nmvct~ 6o H ~ p u ~ t~ x p ~ C T O ~ n p ~ m e c T a ~ no~a ; l aax&, x'~ z e

"~" ~ c ~ c e ~ ~ ~ o z n o y ~ I m ~ s'au~. [ exe zzommar~ H a~LGH ~ F O

c~aa oy~e~].a u 0 ~ l m ~ z~au~... (1690).

82. Ho ¢y ' rs ,~ena~ s~ecz~ npz~xo~Tc~ la4eT~ Ae.rJ[O c T . ~ o " O T X p I ~ I X nepeBo~Io~"s opHeHTHpOB&HHI~ Ha ¢oAepxam~e n p m r ~ ~ c e r o . Cm~- TmoTs qTo T e o p e ~ , ~ e c ~ e o c ~ o n ~ n e p e s o A a s ~ ) r o ~ n 8 G~rm s a n o -

CN. H a 1 ~ a y s e p o B a 1976. 8 3 . Ha ~Ty z e Te~r~ n o ~ z e c o s n e T c s ~ Ho~ceA B ~ y 6 ~ t , ~o n c a ~ -

s ~ c Hearts X L I : I (a ~e L ~ : ~ - $ ) : " ~ C b s no H c a ~ noHa~umoTcs II

O C T p O B H , . , ,

8 4 . Cp. O ~ a C T ~ C31; 1 7 6 0 - 1 7 9 6 , rAe T p m r ~ ~ w r ~ y ~ T c s p a s tu r e + p a - s ~ ~ s N a I ~ . X X I : ~ 0 - 4 ~ , ~ n o A . , ~o c nepeO~s~of t ~ ) y r m m ~ T a T a - ~ , HsnecTm4 ~ npm~ep~ HHOrO podia, KorAa q a c ~ OTHOC~TenbHO e ; l ~ e o r o ~parN~o[Ta ~ 0 ~ p y e x o r o Te~cTa pacnpeAenm0~c~ n o p a S-- HMH HecTaN C~];~ HO ~ H I ~ O H S J I b H a ~ ponb no~oTm~x npm~epon ~e BIIo~He ~icHa ("BosBpaJ~eHl4~ ~ Tene t ' ) , a ca~ n p ~ e x n H c n o n ~ e ~ m C3E Aon~eH 0~iTb npHsHaH HS~' lOa l~paSHTe~b~ a HHOI'Aa~ nO-~H~[H- HO~'s ~ n p o c ~ o c J w q a f t m ~ .

85. l l p ~ e p o x sToft OC00eHHOC~ Noxe~ r.SryW~Tb ~ n b K o qTO p a c c ~ o ~ - peme~t OTpUnOX C3B C ~es~aq~Tenbmm pacnmpe~me~ e r o n ~aqane

n ~ o m l e , r;qe n o n ~ . ~ w r c ~ ~ l ' a ~ ~ s H c a ~ (no n o p ~ x y L I I : 10, XLV:23~ XL:&-$ , L I : & - $ ) , ~ n a m m p y ~ m ~ e " c o 0 o p ~ o " m ~ a ~ , ~ s

• IlcaJz'r~pH. 86 , /mTop C3B ne~eT ~ m ~ o ~ r p ¥ ~a no~oOmm n e p e x o ~ a x o~ 0 e c c n o p -

~ x IIHTaT I¢ "cBoel%r" TeI~cTy, ~ T H p y i 0 ~ ¢ Oo,rlbmo~ TO~XOCTM0 Te~cT u w r ~ ) y e M o r o HcToqm~xa. B p~j Ie c ~ r q a e n B~npoc o TON~ XO- My n p H e a ~ n e ~ T no~IoOm~ft ~par )~e~T, ocTaeTc~ n p a ~ H ~ e c ~ m ~e p e -

~ C . n o e o o 3 a x o ~ e - d . , z , ' , zooa~ ,¢ n 101

, ~ o T a x , " p e ~ x e n~r ,% r e ~ e J l m m x ~ " e c r e c T B e . m l o " r p a x c o - BaTh XaK HenocpeJICTB~oe xrpo~o~zeH~e TeKCTa HnapHolL1p saB~p-- m~eecR o6~oA B caxMx cny~a~x CC~XKOA Ha RCTOq~X, ~0

~ e c c e c Te~ s T a c o c o a n o q ~ ~ o c n o ~ o Docn~oKsnoj~0cr ~ y nepnoHccovJ ,~ma ("H c x a s a n l 'e,ueoH 5 o r y " , V I : 3 9 ) . C x o J ~ o e n o n o - ZPJ/He CO C ~ ~ lfl¢lKe "H 6MCY~b TaXO"l ]KOYOpOe NOXeT pscc.,4a- • rp~maT, .cs E a x ¢eKcT HnapHoHa ( c p . n p o ~ o . ' ~ e m ~ e : "Zv~ie~cTao 6 0 nptcTa H sa~o~rb ~T~ne . . . " ) , Ho ~ xax TeKcr ~s ~ Cyne~ (cp. " t ;o r ~-am M cneJxan [s ¢y s o , u , . . . ] " ) H c npenaec~ymmm< " p e Y r e - ne~,cb I lob 6"A".

87. TOT x e ¢Hn ~sBeJae~u~o-aeonpP .~ene~of i n e p e x o ; ~ o ¢ ~ ~ p ~ M c p . a HCTO~UCKe: "B ¢o BpP.N~, npo~1o.,lXa~ p e ~ , l ~ c y c r . x a 3 a . u . . . " - - H a ~ . X I : 2 5 .

8 8 . Xapaccepa~d t ~ T e x ~ a a c m 0 q e ~ m Jo~TaT ~ C3B no~[xnaT e a a ~ - l'eJcbr.KoR ~:)asM.

89. H ;¢axe n "nox=ane" B~a~mcKW 190a: Haxoa l Z : 1 3 ; C~pax.XVlZ: 18; H a ~ . V : ! . 2 0 .

9 0 . " H p e ~ o n ~ r a T b , q ¢ o OH [ I C u a p ~ o ~ - ~ . T . ] CP~OCCO~TP-rm~O, a e s a - ~ / c ~ o o1" npP, J ~ e c T a e ~ x o a , ~na~en 6orocnoaP, J ¢ ~ ~BonpocoN O s a ~ e T a x , ~ n o 6~, CTp~_X_--O", C~. l l e T p o n e . ~ 1 9 0 8 : 1 3 1 . - - 0 n o s - mOamON oTpaxe~n¢~ a (:35 p e x o ~ c c P y ~ r p y e ~ o r o " C K a s a m ~ o p a c n p o - c~pa~em,w xp~c~r~zusc~aa ~a ]S~j'c~" c~. ~ a q e n 1947:66--70.

91. 3~OT cnoco6 saCnymiaae~ ~eN 6o~;~¢=ero n ~ , qTo ~ccne~.ona- Tenb n p a x ~ a ~ e c ~ o q e J ~ Nano ~ s n n e c a e T ~ s c o n o e c a a ~ T e ~ o r o a l l a . ~ s a C3]; i l ~pyx~lX TexcTOB~ I / p l ~ l L - ~ J ~ £ ~ Kr~apHolly. 3'r~ no-- r. ; lej i l~e llpi/Ha.W1e.~aT CTYJII4CYI/~e~ coacel4 14HO~ Y p ~ a ~or~a o6uapymmm0"rca cxoj~cTaa (cp. xo~M Tm~a "n 6oy71oy Htmo l~oyr 'b N1~IeHb~ TbI~eP..'IaBHNN3b 6 p e x l a P e " , -- " C n o a o x 6 p a ~ cronn- ta lky" l inapaoHa, 26! o 6 . , c~. ~ n I l c ~ t 1915:t ,81), o l in OTllOCaT-- r.~ lc ' r o w 're Ca.'qoNy IIXTaTliONY (1¢11~ " n ~ T a Y H O N y " } r-,1olo.

92. B TAXON c n ~ a e npmmcxa o ~ o c a n a c ~ 6u xo aceNy ~ e ~ c ~ C3S, BBO;~ e r o a ~OCTSTOqHO q e ~ e JIOKa311~IO--XpGHO~.OI'I~FieP.KHe p a , ~ . Cp . :

( A ) s ~ ) ~ n o c ~ o ~ o n ~ w a a r o 6"a. m . c ~ o ~ nposny~ep~ ~ln a -

p 14 III H Ib HSBOtleH]Lehrb e r o . I Y ~"roqecT149M~ ~ ~ " ~ e l ~

0MXI,. i/ s a c l " o n o J s a ~ r b wb ~ I t ~ i l 6 " r O l X p ~ rpaA'~,

x . e s t . I I~XO ~ r ~ ms n~ ~b¢~ N S ~ p o l n o n s ~ a . n a c ~ r J ~

( ~ r o n t p b . o . a J ~ a r a e a ~ p o c n a . ~ . ¢-~a n n a J n ~ ~ ~ -

p ~ . a m m b . (203a)

9 3 . 0 n p a n ~ a m / e , ~o ~ e c n a c e m ~ e . Cp. 173a:

:Lv, u ~ 60 I npll cnlr~l'H sal¢o~i ' id~ n~lnaa~ c , o , w n p a s ~ a -

II 3. e . xpr~LJI~HX z e zlpH ~ r o , ~ l ~ T b l , l t , ~ i [ ] ~ c a o e L r ' ~ c e l ' ~ H e 'Z

XHXlOTIb, I ~ O :I.v/IP.~CTISO c'l'l~x4e.'~ ~ Sa[ I¢OHOI~ W IX p a a ~ a a-

2 0 2 B.H. Tonopoe

x p T ~ a m ~ x ~ x e ~ l F ~ e H ~ e . ~ x o U n p a ~ A a H $ e

1730:

H To" x e m n p a n ;I a H I e £ v ~ c x o I c x o y n o 0 ~ .

Cp. T a x x e 168~:

H~ w n p a B A I; n p e ~ e J nne_w~ a ~ p a a ~ n e . . .

94 . 0 c e ~ a H ~ q e c x o ~ p a u ~ m x ~ se.~n~ ( B c e r ~ a S g . ) ~ c n q ~ z ~ ( P I . ) r.H. XlxoScoH 1975: I 1.

95 , B n p o q e ~ , HexoToI~e H3 n e p e q ~ c ~ e ~ n ~ x 3HaXOB BBeJ1ellbi ~ e B ~ - q a n o C313. C p . : " ~ a x n a n H M ~ e r o J o y 0 o H n p o c n a a n A e N b . J x ~ a n H N a a r o . . . X n o x n o H x N c A elqoy. J eNoy x e n o -

x n a ~ , ~ m T e & x e p y J a ~ . . . ( 1 8 6 6 ; s A e c b x e " s ~ , ~ a s ~ " ) . 96 , MOU~Taa, npe~IcTaane l~ la~ IS I l i a , n p e x ~ e a c e r o n p o c b O a o m m o -

cTP.. C o o ~ e ~ c T ~ 0 m e e c n o a o ~ H eo~epxa~e.ubHo H a SnyXOBOM o ~ - ~omemm ( c p . ~e-~xe J ~ n o ) 6~msxoe x c h o k y , o 0 o s ~ a q a ~ t e ~ y No- m r r s y , ~a o r p a m ~ e m ~ o ~ n p o c ~ p ~ c ~ s e I I I ( 1 9 5 0 - 1 9 6 0 ) s c ~ p e q a - e ~ c s o x o n o 20 pa~ ( I ) , m~or~a ~ e n o e p e ~ e ~ e ~ m o a c ~ n a s a ~ r p y c x o p ~ e ~ ~ = ( ~ = ) . C p . :

~'b ~ o r ~ a p ~ . n ' ~ . . . , o l e a cn'---~ m~ . . . [ . a ~ o . . . . a n o e ]

. . . Oora~u,~ N I 4 m l O C T I I O ~ . , . OynO]t~ rXt1~JWb N H n O C T i ~ B e

I " I HHJIOC~pTXH CA Z l O N I H J I y H , . . I~J¢O W TO0(~ N H , F I O C ' F ] b . . .

¢ a o l e ~ . . . n o N H n y H iU~ . , , N a n M n o x a s ~ , a ~ o J r o

n o N H n y ~ . ~ a n M I'0.SBH. a I N x n o e T H n ~ o Hett~m~.

~ l , ~ a J . , I t , = r . . xop0x o . . o y H x n o c e p ~ c ~ . J HL~O T~00 eCTb

e s e n o . ~ n o a a J ~ H ~ c n a c T ~ T ~ a e npom, l ~ x . n o c ~ ,

~ a o . . a ,.".mme~" I 'rao.x'b . . . . ~ n o . . , . o y . . . . , ac~l m, CTI~[X~ N ~ [ T B S N H , O Y N X ~ O C e p A x ¢ ~ Ha z ~ X D O N H ; X y X

HM ,u,n X ~ T b l 0 TBO~J0 . , .

97 . E~e pa= cne~iYeT OTNOTHTb OCHOBOIIOXAO]EHO(~ CXO~CTBO X B S'I'OH o T -

~ o ~ e m ~ ~ e x i w cxe~oi t C3I; ~ ~qem~ex K o ~ e T a ~ a ~ m o c o ~ a (a qaCTHOCTHI O B o n n ~ e ~ C, nOBa y ¢ .naBxH) .

9 8 . Cp . o r m c a ~ e cxo,u~o~t c ~ ' r ~ a ~ m a C3B 1 7 0 a - 1 7 0 6 :

c a p ~ p a x e xe p ~ c a a l m e , n o x e ~ e 01~ x e n n o ~ , x e 6ta I xonno-

A b l r b . ( 8 1 C l ) sa r~n0qexa 0It, n p o ~ o . u o ~ , x a cTapocTb

poAx1~t. 0esBt~c~bxaJ l t x e X T a ~ x a a np tHypPoc ' x ' ~ I l~l ,X o y -

~ C ~ 0 6 0 0 3 ~ x o ~ e ~1 d ~ a e O O a ~ ~ ~ 0 3

1 0 5 .

T a e H a fla, a x ~ . a-'r'-'~J~J n ~ c ~ , H e t s , x o H e m v , H H a o ~n, O y - -

T a e H 8 . H w~ W.OHP./Ib 241~_w~ XOTikJqla IqLBHT'Hr.Jk.

990 E ¢ ~ H e x o T o p ~ e o c a o n a ~ ~ [ y N a T ~ qTO H n a p ~ o ~ ~ o r n a 6n~3][o~t HAe-q HP..Eoero e~[]~Ol'peCrUmH01"O" p a s B o p a q ~ s ~ - B o a n e q e - H]ul HOB~X 3JxeNe.h'TOn (HaPOAOB) B JzoHo XpHCT~aHcTBa, x o l - o l ~ e yCBaHBS.10T c e 6 e :)TO Bepoyxl~h'~e l i[yTb ~ He l'Jl~'~)Ze~ qP.x Tes ~ W ; n p H s n a H n e p ~ . ~ .

1 0 0 . Br, rnoqe~u~e B npoTKnonocTaaJZpm~e H c ~ rq)tmoAHT x y x e OTlqeqan- mP.Jtcs c x e x e - - a : b (& c ) .

101. Kax u c ¢ o ~ c o o c n e c c ~ e J l ~paseono r~H n (:31; ( c p . : " s a x o u o N u u p a ~ a m e c A " . 1 7 3 a ) ; c p . e m e : '~ l ~ o ~ c e ~ , B qeN z,~ ue N o r J ~ onpaBAaT: , r .~ s a x o H o N HoHceenbn4, o H p a n ~ m a e T c s ~ B c s K ~ t B e p Y ~ - m d ~ " , f lP .Ja .XIZZ: 3 9 .

102. CymecTneH y~eT M Tex ~ e i p r ~ e ~tn~z~o~m~ ~ c c y n a e T - c o q e -

nonxoe O n a r o A a T M H H C : H U ~ . . . " , HO.1 :14 ( c p . ] [ = l T ) J " . . . c TOrO , t 1 ~ ~al¢ aM yc.mma.rm H I I0sHa.~ O . q a r o A a T b ROlDfl0 a HCTHHe**~ ~OJIOCC.T:~$ e t . . . yTe~a~ H CBH~eTe.rL]bCT]gy~, qTO 3TO H C T H H H & . q ~ . 1 ~ a 1 " O A - ~ : b F)0,11;H~, a E O T 0 ~ Bbl C."OH-- T e " , ] FIeTp .V :12 . C~le,~yeT c x a ~ l a T b , qT0 COqeT~h~_ e 58X0Ha H 6 n a r o ~ a ~ l ~ c ~ a p o J t p y c c x o A J m T e p a T y p e He 6 ~ n o qacTbn4. C p . , OjEI[H&IKO: "~e TOq[H]0 ~ HOBOI~ ~ J I a F O A & T H ~ H0 e ~ e H B ~ B ~ T X O I ~ = a ~ o ~ t ; " , I I p e ~ . ~ o p . B a n ~ . , 12.5 ( 1 6 ~ 5 r . ) , c ~ . C n o n a p ~ ~ y c c x o r o ~ s u x a X I - X V I I ~ n . , BMn. I (Hocxna 1 9 7 5 ) , 200 .

103. Cp. Asnee :

HI~O s a ~ o x ~ n p ~ m o x a ~ e

A 1~ 5" b H o ~ & ~ p " ~ l J 0 . l~p~Ie~Ie x e d " ~ c s o a J npSlnoyqlae~b ~ a

nt,m,~J0 ~ J s m , ( 1 6 9 6 ) ,

a T a 1 ~ e IIHTaTy n~J ) ~ I ~ ' F ~ V : 1 7 : "He n p l ~ o x ~ I p a ~ o p w r b s a x o H a HCIIOJIHHTb", ,,v'~OZlhlTHOt, qTo H l lO~Ke SS. H o H c e e x coxpa~uleTc~

ponb nep~oo6pas~a ( c p . " "Ten~ ,,o ~ Te6e , p e n c e , 0 6 - p IK~e T~ n p o n o ~ m x a , ~ o H o ~ c t a ~on~dt ~ Hspa~nb ~s~o~m~aro Hs p a ~ 0 T ~ ~ e . m ~ o c e p A b ~ H oT )~pa~a c ~ y n o c ~ " - - n " P e q ~ " Hoz4- ce~ B u ~ m ~ x o r o ) .

10~. P ~ s¢~x n p o ~ n o n o c ~ a B n s l ~ ; t ~ c T y n a e ~ H n n o c n ~ qacT~X C35 ( I I - - I I I ) . Bnpoqe.q, n n o j ~ T c ~ ~ HexoTop~e ~oa~e : 0 o r a ~ d t

y tSorH~ ~ ~ :Kel~l~ aHreJil ~ qP.JIOBel¢~ Ol'OHb ~ XOJlOJ~ Aelt~ - - HOqb~ BOCTO~ - - sana~1~ ~IAOp0]N~t - - 6onM~oft~ nocxper. .m~t - -

X e p T l ~ t , npo~pe~mdt - - cneno f i , cJKna - - ypo~cTno , m~se - - np~c~o H T . n . O ~ a x o s H a q e ~ e STHX npo ' r s4~onocTanne ta4 f l n q a c ' r ~ x ZZ H IT]" pesl¢O i~a,AaeT n o ¢ p a n H e m m c q a c r b m I . Cp . ' r a c z e ? ' r ~ x m 0 q e n u e c n o n a c A d : J . : " c n o a o ~ ! J Haa (Sh'FoAtTb" ( 1 7 2 a ) , " ~ l c ' n u t ' m d a (Sh'/PrH" ( 1 8 0 a ) , '"X~a 0 n r ~ T , - " ( 1 7 4 a ) n nOS--

NO]I[HOCTb n a p c n e p e n e p ~ c O T H 0 m e m 1 ~ z a " H c . n n m a x 6 n a - r o ~ a T b - - 6 n a r o ~ a T ~ a n ~ C T ~ a " , "cno(~o~u~an 6 n a r o ~ i a ~ b - - 0 n a r o ~ a ~ - Ha.q CBO6OAa" H T , n ,

104 ~.H. Tonopo8

1 0 9 .

106. TeNa ~ ~ o ~ a e T H B ~ a c ~ r ~ ZZ H I I I , Cl). :

x a x o e .u~oz 'o 0"3. :rb ~ ' p o ~ ' - ~ , ~ ' r ~ H ~ z a u ~ 0 " r ~ . . . ( 1 8 5 0 ) ; I

. c ' , ' ro ~xa, , . ~ae.Ho R 3 e n e r ~ a I ~ ='~ a c L ~ r p a n t ~ c n a s s -

1"Hc~ J ~-rt~ ~ -po ,nx . . . ( 1 8 6 6 ) ; H ~ t o y x e . a J n l H ~,e.'m-

n t ~ . c n ~ e , ~ m o ] c a ~ w ~ o ' r p o ~ . . . ( 1 9 4 a ) ; . . . cna~incb

H e l p a s ~ e . ~ - o y . ~ o ~ e c T B e ~ a . ~ ' ~ c T n o y u ~ , t Ha - e 6 e c t ~ J H

x a a ~ . . . ( 1 9 9 0 ) ; ~ p o y m mb ~ o r o ' ~ ' ~ c n a n m / a l r o ~b

• r p o m ~ . ~ a . . . r.J~a . . . ~ c T a . . . ~ o ~ ~ o c & ~ h ' y .

. ' -m- ' l I m,,e,-',.., e. oro - 'e

. e c m t , c . o . m p a s , , m t , . ~ c ~ . e p a s , m t m t t , . . . m . momm,,=,o c . o e I

.ec,<',,CHO c , ~ e . p a s . t ~ e l c + . a e~m.o oo e c ~ o ~ + , o ,,,',,

+ p o m ~ . . . ( 2 0 0 6 - - 2 0 1 a ) .

P o n b ~ k ~ e ~ a C3.~ s a c n y m m a e T o c o O o r o ~ m ~ a ~ . 107 . OTAan Aam~ SToNy npHe.-~y (s c o a e l n r . ~ u m c ~oR x e T e . ~ R ) H I ~ -

p ~ x T y p o B r . m ~ . C p . : " . . . H c ¥ c XpHc' roc n ~ o q e n o ] s 1 ~ x p a c - n ~ u a e ~ Ok H sxo 0or H cor inne n o ~ p a ~ H n y ~ a ~ p o n b n p e - • YfO]l~ • . . " ; " ~ K 0 q e J'I o a ]b K BOr.D~B HCI~'c'r',4 ~j 'X~ llO .~ K 0 G o t 5e) (ne~ no1 'p~ce . . . " ! " a x o q e n o n t , x n peOpa npoOoAeH 0MOTh. HO a ~ o 0 o it, s a a b c y n e p n a r o saKoHa n o n ~ a p a s ~ P a " ; " s [ l ~ o a F H e l X b ~ O a b C aO~O~0 HCTO~H~. . . " ; "~1~O ~ e ~ o B t . x ao r'poOt n o n o z e ~ 6blCTb H ~ X O 6 0 X' GnTapb ~Sbi~bCl~b~ ~ lepxae OCI~TH't; ",l~lqO l~8, p ]b CTpG~'~G4 ¢ T p e I ' O N . . . ~ HO ~ l ~ O 0 0 1 " 8HPenbc~bn~4 BOH ~COabr . l~b~ r.Hna~ B TBepAblm4 a ~ a ~ m a l n e . . . " ( ' C n o a o Ha C+aTy~o I L I c x y " , 185 o O . , c ~ . E p e m m 1 9 5 7 : 4 1 2 ) .

108. 0 ~ o ~ Hs N o ~ p o a o x a a n a e ~ c s o ' rHommme x XpHc' ry: "m~ x e . a p e x o . , a . J c e r o n e c T n a . I H U n e n ~ s t , ~ o y ; ~ 6 t c ~ HSrOHa lUa" ( 1 7 0 a ) , c p . Ha 'r4~.~ZX:24, XXVIZ=63, H ~ a n e e : ' * ~ m x e t~xo s n o ~ t ~ ~ e z p v T t npH l r s o s ~ a , c e r o p a ~ . n p , l ~ e I Ha m / r ~ a ~ ~ I ~ ~ o H e ~ m . . . n p ~ e Oo ~a 3emno noct~.l~b ~ x ~ . , He np~.ama e r o . . . He n ~ s n ~ z a c ~ a " . ( 1 7 8 a - 1 7 8 6 ) H ~ . n . 3Ta x e H~e~ pasBHBanacb n o s x e H K ~ p ~ n o N T y p o n c ~ , Bepo~T-- HO~ r.~e~oBaBE:ol ~ ~TON OTHO~eH)~ Sa C3B. Cp. ;

~Io6po HapoAa n o c n y m b c T n o . ~eHyze lasbnIH n b p o s a n ~ e . ~ a ~ z a

D o g m a t a . B m ~ t , x ' b Oo w 0 ~ e c a c ~ s o p ~ , a ~ tsb '~om, O n r ~ b

H cr~Hl~ ~ a p o a a l ~ / H ~ r o n o ~ a ~ n a ~ a H ~ H n p H ~ a ; Y w p e q e c ~ n o s a a m ~ a r o ~ B ~ o ]ms~m, a I ~ x ~ a t p o n a n ~ a r a

B HOHOke ~lapTno a ~ n e ~ e . . . ( ' C n o n o ~ a a e p O ~ m ~ t') , c p . e a e :

~'C. , :oeo o 3 , ' , ~ o ~ ¢ ~ 6 . ~ z ~ o d ~ n 4...05

. . . (nCnono a H o ~ ,e~en~" ) x ~p.

110. B (:35 A a e ~ . s ~ No~la~pomca a e o 6 x o ~ m o c ~ a T a x o r o xoAa ~ . C p . :

• . . L'b m ~ z e n o c n a o ~ I ~ c s o a * - ~ . m e m ~ e ~ a e c ~ l

n p o n o n S i ~ T e , evav_~. - c e ~ T3~pH, ~ HXe BS~poyeTb H

x p b c ~ C A c n a c e n ~ ~ e T b . I K ~ e Haoyq~we BCA m S b U ~ J

~ p T a ~ a a ~ ~ u ~ a H c ~ a I . ¢TrO n x a . o y ~ e a ~ o c ~ . !

BCA enHXa eano]st, Aa~ D a ~ . I .qllno Oo 6~ ~ ' r o ~ T ~ H £ ~ I

,~e'rcl+ . . . ( 1 7 9 6 - 1 8 0 a ) .

11 1. B oc~o~e ~ O O ~ n e H ~ O ~ O B Tpex ~ , , ~ _ ~ X qacTef i D Z ~ e x ~ TOT x e npmmm~ y 6 m c ~ p e m m - a o s p a c t ~ - - _ ~ (aocxo~r~e~-~) , ~ o ~ o p ~ o n p e ~ e ~ e T x C~pyxTypy noc . ,xe~e~ ~peT~. llepDa~ TpeTb ( 1 6 8 a - 175a) OTitOC~PC~ XO nTOpOA (175a-180a) . ~+ Tpew,+.~ (1800-1St , a) n p ~ m ~ s w r e n ~ o x a x 2 : 1,5 : ! .

112. 06pa~aeT Ha ce6a a ~ e T e ~ ~ R S b e ' x e ~ a ~ e ~ " I+ 'er&r~H~- m ~ ' , a~op4~oA peq~, n~mem~oA ~ c ~ x c m ~ n o a H xecnoco6HoA Gbrrb cpe.~c'rao~ 6 o r o o O ~ e ~ , "PJIJ'~bIL~J~Fle It J'X~IeHO ~ICT~:tItNI~ ~Haq£- M e xo~oporo Heo;~soxpa~ao , o ~ q e p ~ a e + c n n C3B ( "no~re p a s ~ - ao 'e. 1836, " ~ pas~ca '~ 1816 i+ T . A . ) . B ~ o m o+~ome.~nc~ ~ a - n p a m c ~ a e T ~ . ~ a J u ~ q o r ~ c ~ ; e ~ e ) 4 Ho_~w-a 3 x s a p x a o p a s y ~ e x a x ¢NMCJle--sHaqelflG~ H r n a r o n e ~ Tee. cnoae, xax N~TSpHsJZ]bHO~ H o c k , H o n p e ~ e ~ e c T n e n e p s o r o Ha~ nocne.nW,~o C~, ~ ~ r L

p o n a 1976:33. 1 13. H ,C~Jl(~e~ O6pSJ~a.~Cb X H~q]04~_~ONy llpHeX7"~ 3qOP~l~l Z]~[TaT~ (HS

I leTpa 31 ~O~d) B~ICTylIaflT He TOJl]blqO lqalC qBCT]b ~ o r o TP..ECTS) HO X Kax ~ne~4e~T pHTyaJIa, p a s p b n s s s ~ Ha apelq~ TeF.CT H yBo~-

c~ymaTer~ HS C~epbl C.'ZOBa B c4~Py ~qe.qa:

Tu e c ~ x ' ~ ~ ~ s B a a r o . . . . r ' ~ . a = ~ T~ e c ~ . . .

IIO1411~ ~ ~ I 3~b :IXpGTB][.~ r..Bc, e.,eo~ (183a) .

I l& . Oc~on~u ~ ee (Fpxrop~k HasHa~s~ [ cp . e ro " I ~ X p ~ c ~ ' ] - - I ~ o ~ c ~ a ~ ~ J z c c o ~ [ c p . e r o o ~ n r p e q e c ~ o A moc~ol 'pa4n~, "314~ONHJt I~pHI'opKI0", "~poFJISC"~ BOSHO:I~O~ u p l a ~ a ~ l r l ~ P, J4~ x e ] H ~anee [ cp . " l Ioxaany ~ap4o C;n4eo~ry', ]sone~plo xms~e a "Hs0op~n~x 1073 r . " ] ) He )~orna s e Oe, n'~ H s s e c r s o A Hna,lp.oml. Bo BC~XON cJ~rqae oqeaH~s cn~sb C3B ~e ~ n ~ o c ~ I e n ~ KO.CTa~-

4~noco~a, uo ~ c ~mor~m~ m~a~na~m r~oc~orpa4~r~ec~oA ~ n ~ e - p a ~ y p s y m~d:c cnannx.

106 B.H. Tonopoe

115.

! 1 6 .

117.

1 1 8 .

! 1 9 . 120. 121.

Cp . Ha~ia/~bHIde ~[aCTH "I10BeCTH B p e M ~ J l eT" ~ ~IC~0BO O 1 1 ~ I'H6e/IH Pycr .xoft s ~ " , OT X o T o p o r ~ s CO~CTBeHHOp TO~bKO :)KCIIO-- SHIIH~ E ~o~.,-la ,1Io Hac . P n B y M e e T ~ r.J0~a z e OTHOCHTC.q H "S.~a.TO r . n o s o " C a a ~ c u a s a Ms " C n o s a o hOnKy H r o p e a e " , r ; I e no;IoSHag r.xe.Ma CyI~eCTBP.HHO OC~0ZHeHa. B "CJIOBe 0 H01"HOP./IH" IIOBTOp~TC~ H ,~Ba ,c[pyi-14~ Ba, t l~ [x MOTHBa C 3 B - 'tHr..IIO.,IHeHHOCTbt' aCe.~ I~CCKOI~ s ~ , n p H s ~ e R x p x c ~ a a H c x y ~ a e p y ( " . . . B c e r o ecH H c n ~ e H a seMn~ P o y c x a m , o n p a B ~ e p ~ a a ~ alsp_a x p [ e ] c T H M u m c K a J a " l ) x T o p - z e c T a o STOR Bepbi ~a~I " A s ~ K a ] ~ " ("~q=e.u~ Ao • . . TO n e e noKopeHo 6 ~ n o 5 [ o ] r o w b xp[e]CTH~aHbcr.0My ~as~xoy n o r a H ~ c ~ l c T p a s ~ " ) . MOTI4~Sbl I y C B O e l ~ e MH01"OBP.KOBOI~ T p a ~ e . ~ , ~ OT "C/ Ion8" ( "He xy;~a rHE s ; l a m e c ~ x p ~ x ~ . . . " H .up . ) ~ o I ' o r o ~ ~ ; I a n e e .

6p~lM,~, r ' p ~ : o a H o e p ac~m'm . . . z : a ~ 0 k a 'r&_gc..,mn- H q~,CTH CUO~O-- ~HTl~b eCTb . . , X O/J[ H K O TM IIOXBaI.TIP.H']b Itl Hel 'o RMam~ ~bn-a" ( 1 9 0 a - ] 90~) . _ Cp. e.~e= "T~ "~" " H saKoHa ~ ~ ' ~K 'b noqHTas'b" ( 1 8 8 5 ) . - TeMa a ~ ; I e H H ~ , conpHpo; IHoro H~;=eHHm ( s H a m m ) , H~pana H c v . m ~ ~Te.nbHym pon~ H ToR Tpa;Du~m, K KoTopoR np~ma~nexan H Kua- pHOH~ XOTJ~ BH~eHHe H He paccMaTpHBanoCb KaK nyTb x B~'me - My sHamuo (cp. H~xe o H~OM H Hem~MoM). TeM Be MeHee~ BH~eT ~- sHaqHT ySHaTI~ IIpHSHaTb~ yC~OHT~ ceSe -- H D~pHTOM B KOpOTKR~ OTpeS0K BpeMeHH. B ~TOM KOHTeKCTe CODep~eHHO Hec.ny- ~a~Ho Jlef~TMOTHBHOe MHGrOKpaTHO DOBTOpeHHOe ~k~b B OTHeTCT-- B~HP.~eM M~CTe MO~HTBOC//OBHOrO npHsbusa K Bna~mpy~ oC~pasy-- 10uiero s~u.po qacTI,~ I T ( 1 9 2 5 - - 1 9 3 5 ) . B H i ~ e T b a c e r ; m a a ~ o H llyIHo • HOB H ~ ~ T b ~ KOF~a HpoHsoN/IO HpHO~gelDge ~JIaPO~aTHOR aepe, Korea aoKpyl, aTMoc~epa llpol~BeTalD~ ~a -- SHaK OC050rO cqaCTM~L~0rO COCTO~HRL~ ;~apa. Cp. STy Ze TeMy n Haq~ue "Pe~" MoHceH Bht~y0HI~KOFO: "~HBHa p~leCb aH~HCTa O~H HSMH| MHOSH ~o llp0~K~ Hac~ ~B~eH H ze., laEa H H~H TH~ JDKO ~ HRU~&M~ H H e aHXH~Ia ,,, RLKe ~Ol~ HaM~ xapoBa .,.". B ~pyrHx BapHalITaX H "IIOC/IyX~", Cp. qyTb pan.me: ~OHCTaHTHH H EneHa -- Ena~m~m H 0~ra. Cp.~ Hallp.~ H llellocpe~oTSe2~loR CBRSH C III~ox~a,~IORII~ "IIpHsHa-- 10Cb~ Jg SO aCe1~ Hal~eR CJIOBeCHOCTH s ~SBHP.~ H HOa0R, m~ero He 3Hm0, qTo nymne~ aepHee H =reBec, c .TaKO~ npan;~oR IICTOpR~GC-- KOR, ~rBCT~OM cep~eqH~M~ Ilpe~eCTbl0 H CBeXeCTId0 ahrpaxo~ H rIOSTRFIeCKHM KonopHTOM~ HSOSpaZ~LTIO 5bl Hall HnmerO ~IIS/~D~Tpa B e - /IHKOrO~ STO~ 110 cllpaBe~/DiaOMy saMe~alDDO Hapo~a~ ~e~CTDHTe.~IIO xpacHoe COJIH~mKo PycH, BH~HO B Ka3r~OM c.r~oae~ qTO P0aOpHT ~e- 31oael~ no C08CTaP.~HOMy HaPP~U~OMy OmdTy: KOpOTKO SHaKOM~R c CaOHM m0~HM~eM~ c,~e,u,~mHR ; q ~ r o H c mo~oab~0 sa HHM~ XOTOpbD~ a ~ a T p H a ~ C ~ H ~ ; ~ y ~ C ~ a nO;~HHrH c B o e r o e ; ~ o ; I e p x ~ a P y c - c ~ s e ~ H , H xor~qa e r o Be C T ~ O ~ a 0 ; I ~ p a s a c e ; q o n r o n e T ~ e

H q y s c T ~ a cep;~1~a a ~ c K a s a n n c a o e f l orHeHH0fl p e q H , s - - e - q a T n ~ a o C ; p ~ e ~ KOTOp~n~ STOT q y ; ~ H CaRTO~ rocY~qapb ~B~.~-- e T ~ r n a s a ~ c ~ o r o nos ;~Hero nOTOMCTna X ~ ~;~ n p H c ~ ~ .

X V ) .

" C A o e o o 3 a ~ o R e u d A u z o o a m ~ " ~ 0 7

122.

123.

TeM He MeHee t Hexa.q OpHP..HT&IIiUl Ha CqeT C.q01"OB, B~HNO, C ~ e - - CTBOB~Ia. 0Tq~;CTH OH& 2blTP.K&eT H5 CHHTSXCHqecEOrO llSpB.~llP..:rl-- H S ~ , o T q a c ~ oS~sc~Re1~.s uexoTopbu~ ~ p F r w ~ ~ n e e c n m i K a n ~ -

~ w r o p a ~ m . Bo ~P.SXON c n y q a e n p a x T H q e C ~ T e . . K , q e ~ K HSO'- (=tDI~a~HSMy)O]l;;eT 0MTb O~Hap~vleHa B IIeJION PYJIe HC~'I~T'JOP.JZOBH~¢ TeKCTOB. ]]PH ~TOM ( : J r I ~ T SalqiS~Tbm qTo B yP-1IO]BML~¢, xoFj~a Kom4~ecY~o r . no roB B 6o.u]~P.~ qaCTH CTHXOB npio/epHO p&BHO H x o n e S n e T c s B o x p y r Hexoe~l n O C T O ~ 0 f i B e . w s w ~ , " y ~ m ~ x a ~ o H - Ha.q" T e l ~ e H l 1 ~ n p o ~ a . ~ e T c ~ , ~ o , B TONp qTO ||H~I'r][Hm]KH N T~I[" (::;T8 B II~,~l;l~l'][]bl]£ II CTpOKaX MOI'TF 'rpaKTOBaTbr.x I~4~ IIBHr.I~(~ II . ]5 o.-'nome~ XOTOpldX BOSMO][Ha ~ "nepe6pocKa" B coce.~ c~.

Ha OCHOB&HHH ~ T o r o I]~P.~IIO~IOXeHH~ ~OD~'CTHNM, NOXeT ~ldT~. 8.~b- ~ e p H a ~ B ~ e B a p H a ~ ~ u e ~ e ~ c~poK. T a x , a nl~Be~I~m~oM ~ o - m~TsO~nmmo~ o ~ p ~ x e Hs C35 ~ H a q ~ ~ e ~ c ~ x a x no Tapa~oBc~o~y p a c n p e j i e n e ~ e cno roB no c~-dxa~ TaxoBo= (1) 15 , (2) 8 , (3) 2 1 , (4) 8 , (5) 9 , (6) 1 5 , (7) 14 , (8) 16 , ( 9 ) , 19 . Heco~r-

HeH~a~ ~ ¢ u P o n o p ~ (~ax ~ HexoTop~,e ~qpyr~e c o o 6 p ~ ) , ~ o s N o x ~ o , JXm0~ OCHOaam~ n n s n p e n n o x e ~ 0 6 o ~ e n ~ n e p e - rp~xHHpOBKRX B COCTn~e CTHXOD. B qaCTHOCTH. IXepBa~ q a c T b CTH-- x a 3 Morna 6,., ~ T b nepeHeceHa B KaqScTBe s a ~ e p m e ~ q a c ~ x 2 , a CTHX 5 MOI" 01d 6ld'rb I]pHcoeJIHHeI~ Kax BTOpa~l qaCTl) K CTHXy / t , T . ~ . :

i . Is ~ C T a s H ~ q e c T H a a m a y o . J ~ x3)oOa T]soP..1Po.

3 . H b c n m m . ;qo ~ b ~ a a r o n c l u ~ w b c ~ a m l a .

H T.~I. C " n o ~ p a a ~ a a ~ e # ' xon~qecTaa cnoro]~: (1) 1 5 - 2 (14) 3 (15) - - 4 (17) H T . n . ~ o n y c ~ a H pas0~Bxa , o l ) ~ n ~ r p y m ~ -

r ~ Ha ~ o p o T ~ e C_~,C~: S : b C T ~ G qeCTHaa rx la~o | t~ r p o O a TBO-- e x ' o . J W ~ c T a ~ . ~ p ~ c H CO~b.~ ~ r J 4 ~ 0 0 y M e p s m . . . " H T . n . , C~. PICcI~Lo 1 9 7 3 : 3 1 4 - 3 1 5 . M ~ O o m e ~ - ~ T b , q ~ o BnonHe o n p a ~ a - HO c s m b x o - s ~ a q a n ~ H o e n o n o x e m s e 'L. '~' (Kax H H~IROTO~b~K ,~¥I'14~IC CO-- 1030B I oco0eHI~;) . I H I , n p o ~ o n x a ~ e r ~ a STOM OTH0meKHH T~gI~HI~HI0 O H 6 n e f t c x o r o C ~ x a ) H oTTecHem~e 'HI~CH' HS H a q a n b H o r o n o n o ~ e -

B c e p e j ~ H y c ~ x a ( q a c T l i , BBO~[I~Ie C IIOM01~10 *ll~r.H ~ ~ l " J I~ t - ~ T ]Rax K O H C T p ~ I I B T o p o I ' o q D~aH8 s C DIpHt~4HH0--O0~CHHTeJ1~ -

~ e . q e H H O C T ~- CI~J[X8 9 n o I~OJIH~eCTBy C~OrOB (19 ) He ~ O J l ] ~ a

OTMeqal01~lfl KOHP.I~ exol:r~4t=n~a ~ nepexo~ x ~ c T o "~nepaT~mno f~ " qa(:TH (CXO~IHa~ CHTyalIH~ C ¢ e p e ~ cT~xoM 5 Hs t'0Tq(~ HS~**. ~ o x - ~ m o m m c ~ . x a x ~ nocneJ1nmR c'nltx | 0 , x a ~ e ~ e ~ * ",q~o H a ~ e - O e c ~ s~ Ha se~n~" [ ~ ] - - 10 c n o r o a n p ~ 7 c n o r a x s c ~ x e 4 8 c n o r a x a c ~ i x e 6 ) . ~ o n ' / c ~ e ~ , I ~ e T c ~ , J! ~eKOTOplde ~pyx~le n e p e l . p y n m l p o B ~ H B ~OCTaBe MOnHTBOr.nOBHOX'O CTHXOBOrO O~p~Bxa B qacTH II.

H C ~ S H a 0 s a l l o 0 aBTOpOTSe C~B H CaMOM aBTOpe .

108 ~.H. To~opoe

12A. Cp. ~ p y r ~ e aap~.m~,~: ~"npoc~nrb,~a ] c.rpax~ Taom noc.ue.~ ]s~ cpua [ , , , , - . , , ~ . ~a ms I c ~ a ~ e ~ c~1; no .~ l . ye~ ~ . . . " (196G)

H.~P. ]~. Cp.: "C~llOXJlaH&ex5 H C~cJIaBHM~" (200a);"~e.~b n o -

x . u o ~ [ . . . ~ c . u a a a . . . " (201a) . 1 ~ 6 . B p ~ e r_qyqae~ p e q b N e T o ' ~ ' : " ~ - - F ~ T b o ' . • ~-~. Cp. e~e:

saxom~, a me ~ux~'b, c ' r t - - , a - e ] mCTm-a ( l T l a ) ;

~m:e.em :i.vn'kJmc'r'so m c ~ saxo~m," , , , p a c ' r o J ~ m n o c v p a . ~ m a , , x o e

GO" npH[qacT~e c T ~ m Io C~ m c T m m O Io. (I 72G) ~ ntno ~o Gk

( ~ - - r o ; t a ~ a m c ~ m m • I - a . o a u ma;m ~ b c l a ~ . . . me ~o I r ~ e e

Go sazoaa C T ~ - A o y ~ e p l x a v . . . , zaxo - I c ~ m m t a u a

~nr~"rH oy,~elz~aTb ] o y ~ e - l e , . . ( i 80a ) ,

128. Cp. c ~ sa~xoaoSt xo~"re~cT ~ " m ~ " :

• . . B~ ~ 0 . . -- H Be.'IH . . . CBOGO~ . --

129 . C p . ; " . . . n n e ~ a ~ p a a ~ n e , c ~ p ~ x ~ _ I ~ / . . . " ( 1 6 8 a ) , T . e . J l . , • M . 0 . 8)ErI . . . 8 J I b ~ . . .

130. I lpe~IcTa~nem~a~ s ~ e c b ( ~ a x H B H e x o ~ o p ~ x ~ p y r ~ x Mec~ax C3I;) SByKoBa~ TeMa me 6~-~ua y Hnapmoma ~ qacToA, sH S~exT~oR -- B CT~He OT ero llpo~o.~KaTe~eR B ~ e npolloBe,~. Cp. XOTH ~3M 7 KmpH/L'Ia TypoBcKoro: too.. ~HBH0 m pa~0CTmO ~poBe~'~

;UoGpa m c s m ~ a 6a÷'g~,Taa, m e c x ~ o 0.,~gaaa~ m j ~ a n m n ~ ~ t e m s ~ a p o a e . . . ,a,O~' . . . o, ("CnoBo ma a e p O ~ °°) ~ y Momcem B~- ~[yGmz~Koro: " ~ B H a ~ l l e c b B~CTa CqH HaHm It° ("~e~Ubu, KOTOpa~

HaqHHaeT~ c 3TOR RpKoR a r m a T e p a l t t m ) . 131. 3ByKOBaR TeMa tMe B X0mTeXCTe OTmONe~ Me~/~y ~JIOBOM~ l~dC21bJ0

m MOJIHTBOR DpmCyTCTByeT yxe B °tlIoyqe~ x O p a ~ to ..r[yl~ ~KU~- T~. Cp . : tOBy, ~lepmsm mpeJ~CTOmTe c o CTpaXo_Mb B o x i n g ; me MO//am p ~ , HO mt ~ c n ~ , mo M om~ B o r a acing ~ /cn~#o • . t , .

pm . . . m a o y q m T e n c A t a s ~ u ~ . . . " (180a ) m no;~o 133° I lepBoe m u l o TaKze z OCmOnHOM oTmeceHo ma " ~ T a T a l ~ o " n e p m ~ e -

pl~0 qacTm 1: ":8~s& J as~b . . . ~ noxnolm~vcA s c a ~ o x o n ~ o . . . n o c . r ~ m a ~ e Ne~e n m ~ l e xom . ° ° ms m ~ . . ° ~ ~ e a e . . . m Noa . . . n p u ~ a ~ o a . . ° ~ T ~ e m l e ~ o e . Me~e . . . . MO~ . . . " ( ! 8 3 a - 184G) - - a mrraocax ms H c a . ~ . Ho s o ' r - e ' r c ' r - e e m o N , Eax ~e, mo y z e noKasamo~ OTpl~Ke~ HaqmHal0meMc~ CO C.qOB ttB~pa. GO G~Tbm.qa It ( 1 8 0 ~ - i 8 3 a ) , c o n e p m a e T ~ npopbm K c ~ e p e l - t o nm~a (n ~ m o x . q . ) , B KOTOpOM 8BTOp TeKCTa O ~ e ~ H H ~ e T ceGR C B q e p ~ r ~ M m IIRsISMHII I

T e r o ; ~ s m m u ~ x p m c T x a H a ~ : " ~ p a . . • n p o c T p ~ c £ • H m a m e r o n o tastn~:a p y c x a a r o n o s n e . . . s c . T o q s s ~ s a ~ o J ; ~ m cA . • • m

H a c ~ p a s n 3 a c A • c e Go o y z e J m Mw • . • cn aBmcb CT----oym Tp~U£ :~a~•" (1805)S "m o y x e me s ~ o n o c J l y J m l T a n e SOBeMcA • o • c~brpa -

eM~ •t ° ISHX~e'M~ ,•° He SaKa~ae.Mb °•° llorNGaeM~ ••. c~lla-

~ C , ~ o e o o 3 = x o ~ e ~ d ~ = z o o u ~ ~ ~09

134.

135.

136.

137.

138.

c a e ~ c A . . . ~ s a n s . . . s e m ~ u a z e u . . , s e x m o J w a r t s ; noMHnowa w u ~ , I* ~ s c t a w n~ I u a c ~ c s t~ -~ . . . H n o ~ x a ~ e ~ - cA w a J M ~ . . . r y ~ b s a x o ~ m m s ~ , ~ u a z u H u . . . noc t~-~ w a c ~ • . . u e n o c n t a y J e ~ 6 t c o ~ . . ~ c a c a o c n a s ~ r ~ ~ ~ w a m e r o . . . s ~ w p e j x x s e n ~ e . ~ . O H H I . . , u ~ e . o w | u s u T . x w p e r ~ s r-L 6"~ w a z s I e c u Tul . . . u a p e K o x o x c A . . . n p o I s w a - XO~bCA . . . " H T . A . ( 1 8 1 a - 1 8 3 a ) . I I p e ~ n o q ~ e u ~ e , o K a s u m a e ~ o e n ~T~c c n y q a x x r a a r o n y , o 6 ~ e ~ - ¢~ oco~o~'l A ] ~ a ~ a i o c T ~ o sToJ~ qaCTH p e q H , ~ r ~ / H e ) 4 x a T e r o p ~ , I l O 3 B ~ pa3b l rpb lBaT~ CP.N&HTH~er.I~P.. ]£OHTpaCTM H&CTO~I~,P.rO H ~O/~TIOFO I HaCTOHN, e r o W 0 y ~ e £ ' O t ~ ] ~ B H o r o H l l a c r . I ~ H o r o B rna~uo~o u a T . p o c k . s e a s . t o w T . n . , ¢Jr~[0CO0WOCTSll0 X ~ o r ~ s a -

we~oTop~ ¢~o~c c ~ c ~ o n . Cp. 0 .nee nosAu~e o~m~ ~ep~ap- r p a ~ a T ~ o - c ~ s o ~ q e ¢ ~ c c r p a ~ a ~ ( ~ u p ~ e p , c o o ~ e c e ~ a e

~ p , ~ m a aopwc~ - - ~ m n e p ~ e x ~ - - n e l x l ~ x ~ c ~pwa~o~l 6 o x e c ~ a e ~ u o e - - q e n o B e q e c ~ o e - - 0 e c o a c ~ o e ) m m Tax~X z e 6 ~ a p m ~ x o n n o ~ ( m a n p ~ e p , y H a x c ~ a F p e x a ) . C ~ . : M a ~ c a y s e p o a a 1976~ K o a l a s , K o n e c o n 1 9 8 3 : 3 9 9 ~ ~lp. H e x o T o p ~ e HS T a l c l ~ ]30¢~ZeAOBaTe.~.~bHocTe~ ~WTaT]~ i . C p . : 'tHLKO u p ~ l A ~ s A e u l e ua T~. ~ ~ r z o x ~ J ' r ~ ~ p e ~ ~ o w ~ c r p o r ~ w ~o01~. x mal leTS T& H ~ 5 o ~ , l T b TA w_-..~.~. ~ p a s a l ~ 0 ~ s T&" (179a. J ly~a X l x . ~ ) . I I o A o 0 ~ e ~ten~ ~ o r ~ r COCrOSTb n ~S p a s u ~ x ~ o p ~ v e ~ b a ~n££n£tnnn ( n p e x ~ e ~ c e r o n p w ~ a c r ~ l s A e e n p ~ a c ~ m ~ ) . C p . : " T ~ n p a ~ o z 6 t J ~ a q e ~ . ~ p ~ n o c r I ~ n p t l n o ~ c ~ a ~ . , c r ~ o , z 0 o ~ s . I c ~ c -

n o ~ a l ~ q a ~ ' ; ( ]9&a)~ " ~ c ~ n a z ~ 6 ~ s a ~ e T b . a :LvAe~ ~ n e ~ o ~ . ~ s m m n p w s e n e ~ u , a £ v n e ~ ~ p s s o s e J ~ . . . " (1800)~ " n p o ~ n o A a s a a . ] w a r ~ a m ~ a s a a , x a ~ , ~ a ~ J ~ r b ~ a ~ a r ~ . O o n ~ l ~

wctaW o F r ~ n e w l e n o c ~ J n a a . A o n x ~ a wcr,£na~. ] p a 0 o ~ n c ~ b cno~o~ty AaA . . . " ( 1 8 9 6 ) . H n ~ x np~u~epax nonTopm~c~ec~ ~ o p - ma a~ruoqe~ s o~ooOpa.m~e CICSTar l~ (COOTBeTcTBeHRo Znstl~. & P a r t . t c . ~ N~n. & Pa~t~L¢. ~ D a t . V A c e . & G e r u n d . ) . Cp . , m e o ~ o 0 p a s e u a T , tO poAa :

r p a ~

W r n a m a e ~ ( 1 9 3 a ) .

3TOT n p ~ e H n ~ pa3BWTH8 H 0 0 J z e e M[J~I Ne.ee CTaRAapTHO@ o ~ o ~ n e ~ e n o s x e . Cp . n p ~ u ~ n n o n ~ o ~ n e p e ~ c ~ e ~ ¥ l ~ p ~ n n a T y p o w c x o r o H n o ~ e ¥ E n u ~ a ~ I l p e . q y ~ p o r o , H ~ r ~ a u ~ e r o ~ a c e - 0 e a n ~ e n o s ~ l ~ p u m m ( c ~ . A ~ o ~ o s a 1 9 8 1 : 2 6 ) . • 3 a ~ x " o a ~ e x o ~ c o ~ e p x a ~ " , T . e . p a s ~ n ~ c o ~ e ~ l , ~ e - J l e c o o 0 p a 3 H o a14r~eTs H lfsF~fa HHBapwaIiTId. H sTIecs OIIKTb c x e l , ~ t ~ K O 0 . * |'~]KO . . el H 'eWe oe . H'b(][.[O) t ee I ' B O 3 B p ~ HaC X OP.,-- HOBOnOnC~CHb~ C ~ i C n a N - T o ~ r ~ e c T n a (no,txoOlul, ~XlOAO~L~ze]L~UI) H p a ~ m m ~ ( p a s m ~ e ~ n , p a s a e ~ e m ~ s p a s e u e c ~ o p o ~ u ) , o ~ o T o - p a x t o n . p a t s . c a payee H KOTOpble OIGB~MBa]0TCH CTOJ~S B ~ D c e x c ~ c c e H a x , r / I s C~;ecTBYl0T uB]tlJqIO40e" H " W e B H , ~ q o e " (00 STON IIpOTWBOnOCTaB.qeHwH CN. 185G: " . . . . ~ c ~ T a o p b , ~ a a r o nc~o

110 B.H. Tonopoe

TBap,~j B H ~ H N = ] 0 H H e B H ,KHN&J0 o o o " * 1 8 9 ~ " " • 00o J6JCO eCTb ~'~ e.J~flrb TB0p,~qh. I H e B H ~ H ~ f b I H M ' b H B H ~ H N b l H t a

000"$ 1 9 9 ~ : u 0 . B H ~ H M ~ H H H e B H , ~ H N ~ H TBaJpH . . o " ; c p . T a ~ e 170~: oO y T a e H H o N ,110 n o p ~ c ~ c n e , x o T o p t ~ Ju4e- eT I B H T b C H 'tiS xoHl~e B e K a " ) . BH, t~cqoe H HeBIfJIHlqOe H e c T b TOT n o x y c , r j I e p a s a o p a ~ a e T c ~ H a ~ 5 o n e e T o n x a s H r p a n a p a n - n e n b ~ n 4 H ~ n a H a ~ 6 ~ m s x p o ~ u a m ~ . s c a ~ e c o x p o B e ~ u ~ e c ~ c ~ . Cp. y l~ tp~Lua T y p o B c K o r o : "T~ ecH G o t K a J , - - p a s a t i e T e 6 e l ~ o - r o He s~ae~ , qenoa t iqe B H ~ e N M R , 6oxe p a s y ) t l L u a e . ~ " ( " C n o - no Ha C a ~ o l l a c x y " , 189 o 5 . ) ; " c a r t Go CnoDo 5ox~e . . . x (TO) ecTb ~O.qU a H ~1I H N a r o ceFo CBtTa: CHH CX3 CgbT IT.qOTbCTI~ o~,~ n ~ o c n t ~ a e ~ b , a Cnono l ; o ~ e ~ y m e ~ o ~ n p o c n S ~ t a e T b " ("CJloao o n o F q e ~ H x lep lconuoN") .

139. B a o ~ e c n o N o ~ o /(~XO c e p ~ pHTOpl~eclu~x a o n p o c o n o 0 p a s y w T S H a q H T e . q b ~ KOHTpaCT C ¢ e l ~ H ~ 4 l lpHq~lBOB--O0pa~eHl~ D XOTO-- punt UCnOnbS~0TC~ Iml~-~ . ~ V o c .

140. Hanpm~ep , a ~ e T O ~ q e c ~ e n o c ~ e ~ o n a ~ e n b H o c ~ ~uH, H a n p o ~ n , OTp~'BKH TeKCTG~ 0pr~ l~ l~OBaHl~e T ~ c K p e l l a l ~ Ka~ "H ( T O f ~ a ) . . . H (Tor~Ia) . . . " H T . n . , c p . :

F 7~a . . ° n o r u ~ e . H cno~o I e v ~ . b c x o e se)enm ~auno mc3~ . . . Ra-

paspymaaxKc~. ~ ~'-]c~:L J noc' rann,JaxKr.~. J ~ o J ~ c~JKpy -

maax&c~. ~ ~xom~ . . . marWl~cXc~ . . . ( ! 8 7 ~

~ p . Hape.~u~o ~ ~na ~ n a oprammsaLuut (coe~. ' ,~ t ~ Oeccoesm~t) n p o ~ o n o c r a n n ~ ? ~ o y r ~ p y r y c ~ e z ~ e o~p~mx~ ~ e x c ~ a . P e x e acTpeqaJOTCn XOHCTI)~ClII4H C 12pOTHBHTe.qblJblM COI0~ON ~8 w . C p . |

• . . X ~ . . . c n a n x ~ b L~ir6y~ ~ p ~ . a £ v ~ e a XOnqXTb. ~ c n a -

~ - . o a e l - - . . . 1~8oo1. 141. Eme Oon~mero n Taxofi cm. r raxcs~ecm.~ q e T x o o p r a . , ~ s o n a m < o ~ h e n -

ce oOpason ~ o c ~ r Ibrpmmm Typoncx~ l t ( c~ . Konecon 1 9 8 1 1 4 4 - 4 5 ) . 142. Cp. "npe~oxc~qop~n~e" n o c ~ p o e ~ ~ a " 0 e c x p o n ~ n o x p o n ~ " ,

" o y ~ o n i J ~ b ~ o r a ~ e n l e " (1940) H T . n . 143. B~n~qan c ~ a H p a s n e p ~ y ~ e y n o ~ o ~ n e ~ . q - " ~ a p ~ m ~ " ( O n a r o ~ a ~ b

- - COJlHlles 5aKoH - - ~yH8~ OTlaro~aTb - - ~O~lr~Ib~ p o c a l SaXOH - - n e - p e c ~ x a ~ e e o ~ e p o j cymb H T . n . ) c Hx c ~ n 4 n o n ~ e c x m 4 ~ TOflKona- HI4~qMH.

144. Bnpoqe.H, TaKHe Knmmsponmna~e o~pas t~ oC~tmpym~nmoT cao)o CnnSb c Tpa,U, HI~ef~ TOJ~KO n C2M0ft Ililq)OKO~ n e p c n e r m n e . B xo~peT~n~x ycnonH~X cepe.~7.ma~ XI no Ha Pycss nne.Aem4a n e ~ x o - n t~onoflanerta~x oOpa~oa TM TeXCT~ CocTannw~H~lt p~O dOmO 8UA~ ~IOn]~O 131allo B o c - npmau~a ' rbc~ x a x 6 e c c n o p H o e x o n m e c 'r ~ o • x a ~ c t 4 e m ~ n p o p u n K HcTOqJHIHXSM 0oraTeAmeft O~pASHOC'rH. ~HSXONCTB0 C ~ C~bii'paJ10 H C K J I I 0 q H T e J I b H ~ 0 pO;Ib ~t paSBHTI~ SCTsTHqecKHX BBF~I~OD Ha P y c H . 3Tif s eCJIH He BnoJIHe H He Bcer~la "qy:l~ele~ Ho no BC~KOH CJlyqae

"C.aoeo o 3 a ~ o N e ,a d . aaeodamu" 1 1 1

HOBble O~p~bz~ ~ zzpazzI~o, BOCZIp~aXIHCb ZZZ~BO~ 3a.HHTe~¢O-' Z~-m,.~ H TBOpqe~O~l~ ¢TaB B XoJle ~ e B , I Z ~ O B O I ' O p ~ z ~ ' J ~ H.l~pON xlenoro n n a c T a p y c c ~ o ~[ n o s ' r ~ ; e c x o ~ oSpasHoc 'm. 0¢o5a~ sa- ~ a q a - pe][oHc'rpy]~.~a~ -rex Jn~epa~rpHO-~CTeT~qec~x -reo;,~, H5 KOTOpMX HCXO.~H,I~4 Ka.K OCHOBaTe . I IH ~IaBHHC.KOI~ ~Br.]bN~r~OC.r~ Tax H aBTOpM~ ¢TOSk~II,le y HCTOXOB ~z'repa1"ypHor'o TBopqecTBa y c.,xaBaH (K Hx q~c.'xy cn~eT, XOHe~O, OTHeCTH H HnapHoHa).

L~4KITd01"PA~I4~I

AOaen, B.H. 1949

1965 1973

AOpaxon, A.H. 1986

1917

1941

A n e ~ o = ~ , M.X. 1971

AIMas'~d~ 1966

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" l lpol lcxolr3.ex.Be ,o, p e n ~ e p y c c x o r o Xopc ~ c n a ~ c x o r o

A o p ~ .X ( M o m m a / J l e m ~ r p a / O . C ~ o . - e e p o r ~ ' z ~ , l ~ e 1,¢308.~Io~0z~ ( H o c x n a ) .

,P,~,~z, ' r . Z'JL (..qezmm'pa,~,).

"'CnOBO O saKolle H 6,rlaFO,~ISTH e I~IeBcI~OI'O l~Frpo- non~Ta HnapHo~a xa~ ~c~op~oco~c~an p e a z n ~ ~a xpHcTHaHC,KO-14~eO.tlOFI, IqecE'yI0 ~KcIIaHCH]0 BI/~aI.ITI4H"~

"K BOllpOCy O C'FpOHTe~bHOI~ ,~enTS.qbHOCTH CB. BJIs- j ~ o m p a " , n XH. : C 6 o p ~ • ~ o~orlo~O ~SHO-" anoomoAbnoeo ~ 3 ~ B~a0u~ lxz ( I l eTep0ypr ) . "HcKyccTno Kuencxoro nepnoAa" , n ~ n . : H 0 ~ pyomcOZ~ J n o n ~ , T. I (Mocxaa /J lemmrpa~) .

N o e e ~ epe~eN,u= ~ e n . C y o ~ ~ ; x n n ~ , o e o r~po- u~ee08N/o~ e JTpeeNe~ P y ~ (Mocxna).

~ l ~ " a _Tx~z~. V o l . 1 , e d . C h , P e l l a t ( B e y z o u t h ) . ( A s r n . n e p . V .Mlnozsky , A H ~ o a ~ J o f 8 ~ n , v2b~

Da~band ( C ~ - ~ r l d g e 1958) .

B. A. Xap~'zaNon Bhee eo ~ noAoeuNe GrI.Z " ee~z . H ~ w ~ ¢ o - ~ ~ : ~ o~.~" ( ]~e - ) .

112 B. 11. Yonopoe

AHTOHOBa, M.~. 1981 /Qp.t, tn ~ e c ~ J ~ u Enu;6a~a~/Tp¢~O;z~, TOa?a

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1962 /4cmopu~ ~ (J1em~rpa~).

A p x a ~ r e ~ c x ~ , A.C. ! 888 K u ~ e ~ , m O ~ e , ~ o o x c ~ ~zom~;xm~. 0 ~ u

uo~.aez~o~2w.ts. Teo~e~J.~ O~,oe Z~cpxeu o Opee~e-- p~OOXOZ~ ~7.,~o~,~Nomr~ (C.lleTepfypr).

A p x e o n o r / ~ £ aocni~txeaas 1976 . ~ : ~ e ~ v w e £ ~ dor.~ce,~ ~ e ~ x ~ e o I ~ ' ~

( K . ~ ) . Apxeonorla Yxp.

1975 Ap~ceo, noe~.~ YXTXZg, bm¢o~, PC'P. T.3 (F~ I . ) .

~pMa~eB~ A: H BeAHTOHOBR[q 1897 I'~jd.~J,y.u~ ~¢Tagzu no e e a a o e u ~ u uar~p~u l~ue~a

( I~e~] . Apxtmoa, A.A.

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1984

1986

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Bapa~, ~.M. 1906

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1916

BapcoB, H.E. 1886

BacKaxoB~ H.A. 1973

X~-XVI eeo ABTope~epaT ~IHccepTmlm~ (Mocxna). "0~ o~o)~ ~pe~-e~ Hassamm K~eaa", s xu. : Momo- I;¢¢R p~omcoeo .P.3uK~z e o ' l ~ e . ~ n~O0 (Hocxna). "Z¢~BG~ K o a c T a ~ a l ;arp~opo~Horo ~ cpejz~- se)CsoMopclu~e I~C¢I~I3¢¢{}LOV*--M" ~ B W~.: ~:ZaM=~

~ r p ~ 4 ~3~X~:z ~ X 3 V ~ . Tes~c~ H npe~sapa-- Tenb~:e HaTepHa.~ x r.m<nos~P, rNy (Mocr,~a).

Ap~,~e~ j j0a ;-~,eo~x'o~ PUc¢ (KaXa). 1 4 u ~ r ~ 6 o mzzpo~e,e~oso/-Q6'e= ( l~Xa).

"IloaecTH H cxasamm ~ipenKepyccKott nac~etmocTH, HMetmme OTilOlllelDle K eBpeRM 14 eBpef~CTBy"~ ~ - oxuR ~ z , Map'~'-anpenb. 0 du~e~ioKo-czaaOu~¢oxo~ 3 / w . ~ e noeeomR.¢ u o~3~ZHIO~ .F'kz~Z,¢~/~oz~ p~c'o/¢o/2 ~ n o n u o u , B~n. ! ( I~es) (OTT,C=¢ ,S = ' ~ , . Y x p ~ , a ) .

~oqNzo~ t4 uC.qooG o 8co¢o~ I4 ~v~zeoc)~'~" ~ :esG~t- ee.qboxoz2 n ~ o ~ . K oorrpooF 0 eep~mcG~4 3Ae.~e~,'ne

"CaaTO~t E4)peM C ~ r ~ xax n p o - o a e . ~ x " , X~iwlm~n- oxue ~-ne~r,~p Mait-m0Hb.

"MH~norxqecxHe H sT~w;ec~e m4eHa co6cTBemn~e a *CnoBe o n o n ~ HropeBe ' " , s xH.: Boono~za ~ o n o e ~ , T . I I X (T6~.xcH).

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1957

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A ' ~ o ~ o n u c ~ e B~eea (C.HecepSypr).

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",U.pe-aenepcR~c..me ST~NO~IOFHH. 2. huvNra~-~", K.. : , l~e~u~ ~p. C6op~ux ~ (Moc~aa).

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1987

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~8~ ~ ~ . Volume II. Essays &n Honor of Georges Florovsky (The Hague/Parls).