1

. 6

Global Innovation Leaders 6 1. 6 6 , (, , ) .!!

1-#2 6 1. 6 6 Six Sigma 6 . , Level up. Six Sigma Six Sigma 1-#31. 6 (COPQ) ---------------------- 6 10% 5 10 - 15% 4 15 - 20% ----------------------------------- 3 20 - 30% 2 30 - 40% 2 , (COPQ) 30% . Six Sigma Six Sigma 1 , 1-#41. 6 , , , , , , MBB BB, GB, GB DMAIC, DMADOV 6( Six Sigma ) 1-#51. 6 (ISO, Zero) Six sigma (, ...)Six Sigma 1-#6

1987 Michel Harry1995

3M20011994AT&T

J.F. WELCH1994

SSA

1997

2. 6 6 1-#7

(Philosophy) (Business Strategy) (Statistical Measurement) => => 6 21 .

6 3. 6 1-#86 ( T ) ( )6 , LSLUSLT

Target USLUSLT Target LSLUSLT 3. 6 1-#4. 6 Long cycle time ( : 25~30%)

( : 4~6%)) COPQ(Cost of Poor Quality):. . 1-#104. 6 1 : . 2 : . ?1-#11

Right RoadmapSELECT()DEFINE()NEWPROCESSMEASURE()ANALYZE()CONTROL()RE-DESIGNDESIGN()VERIFY()IMPROVE()YesNoYesNoSUSTAIN()BUSINESS SYSTEM (OR PROCESS) DMADVDMAICIDENTIFY()DIDOVOptimize() Roadmap5. 6 1-#12TOP RIGHTSYSTEMRIGHTRESULTSRIGHTPEOPLERIGHTPROJECTSRIGHTROADMAP6. 6 1-#13

Measure Analyze Improve Control1.

2.

3. 1. 2. 3.

4. 1.

2.

1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. DMAIC Roadmap

Define#. 6 Roadmap1-#1415 CTQ , ? , .: CTQsSupplier()Customer()SSix Sigma

DMAIC Measure()Define() Analyze() Improve() Control()IPOC1-#1516Y , Y ? : , .Z1Z3Z2 X2X1X3 LSLUSL :Y1, Y2 Six Sigma Measure()Define() Analyze() Improve() Control()1-#1617: , .Z1Z3Z2 X2X1X3 LSLUSL:Y1, Y2 . X Y ? Six Sigma Measure()Define() Analyze() Improve() Control()1-#1718 Measure()Define() Analyze() Improve() Control()Y (X1, Z2, ) : , .Z1Z3Z2 X2X1X3 LSLUSL:Y1, Y2 etc.LSLUSLSix Sigma 1-#1819 Measure()Define() Analyze() Improve() Control()The Process: , .Z1Z3Z2 X2X1X3 :Y1, Y2 etc.LSLUSL Six Sigma 1-#19. 6

Global Innovation Leaders1-#(Input)(Process)(Output)(People/Man)(Machine)/(Material)(Method)(Environment) , . , . .

: 1-# , 85% ( 6 Project) , 15% : 1-#

100% .

, ?Data 1-#(1) () (2) DATA ? .(Information)(Data) 1. DATA 2. DATA 3. DATA Data 1-#/(Quantitative)/(Qualitative)() (Continuous)() (Discrete) (Ordinal, Classified) (Nominal)(Defect)(Defective) (Data Type), , 2 : Binominal (/), , , , , DPU , ,,, (Numerical Data)Measurable , (Categorical Data) Data Data . (, A, B, C -> 1, 2, 3) , () () .(Variable) : (Data) : (Ratio : , , , )(Interval : , , )(Ordinal : , )(nominal : )Mean, Median, ModeModeMean / MedianMedianData : Data 1-#Data : , , () : , : .Data : Data1-#

(Juran, 1992)?1-# (Prevention Costs) (Appraisal/Inspection Costs)

(Internal Failure Costs) (External Failure Costs) 1-# 1-# Paradigm Shift & & , Cost . Cost 1-#

COPQ(Cost of Poor Quality : ) COPQ , , , ,

,

, 1-#. 6 DMAIC

Global Innovation Leaders#Define AYs/XsVitalFewXsIVitalFewXsC/ DefineM

MeasureAnalyzeImproveControl# /Planning the Business (Top Down)Running the Business (Bottom Up)What to doHow to do / Tree QC 7

/ Audit B/P / / B/P ( /)( /)Feedback( , )# [1] () : , . ? ? , ?[1] ()[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] , , # [2] : ? ? ?[3] , 6 (, )[1] ()[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] #36 , .Define , Measure .

[5] DMAIC Step . [4] - - - , , , area, , [1] ()[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] # [6] . ? ? ? ?[1] ()[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] # , , .

() () () (Process & Tool )# Measure DefineAAnalyze

YsXsVitalFewXsVitalFewXsControlDICImproveMeasure# (VOC)CTQY Measure , (VOC) CTQ CTQ Y Ys Y CTQCTQ : Process Product Y : CTQ , CTQ YYY Y?CTQ ? ? Y ?CTQ (Critical to Quality) ; VOC (Voice Of Customer) : # Data Y() LSLUSLDPMODPMO0.49%0. 18% Y , , . . . . # Xs InputProcessProcess

OutputXsXs XsY , Activity Input .Y (Xs) . (Xs) Y .# Xs Xs (As-Is) . (Xs) . X Y .YProcess Map XsC&E Diagram Xs Xs OpenNarrow# , .

.Measure Y .

# , . 1. , .() 2. , . 3. , .#46 / (:,, ,LOT ) . ( ) Shift () # ? - Ys - Y - .C-E Diagram #C-E Diagram1 : . 2 : 1 . Step 5M1E(Men/Materials/Methods/Machines/Measurements/Environments)4P(Policies, Procedures, People, Plan/Technology)3 : 2 . 4 : 3 . . 5 ProceduresPoliciesPeoplePlant2Why3Why5Why4Why#X-Y Matrix Xs , Y . ? 30 ? , Y ? ?# X-Y Matrix X Y , , , .X-Y Matrix .Y=f(x) Y X , , C-E Diagram X Y . Y .# 1. C-E Diagram 2. (Ys,KPOVs) 3. 4. (Xs) 5. X Y 6. 7. ( )X-Y Matrix # X Y - (1, 3, 5), (1, 3, 9), 0~10 - 0 : - 1 : .- 5 : - 10 : .X-Y Matrix # Analyze DefineMeasure

Ys/XsAnalyzeVitalFewXsVitalFewXsControlDMICImprove#No Xs ( ) Tool() ,

Measure Analyze Xs Measure Xs X Vital Few X ?12 ?

# ? Data (, Box Plot..) ?3

2 : , , , , size ? : 1 , Lot

Risk No Xs ( ) Tool() , #

/ /

..# Vital Few Xs (Analyze) Y Data Xs .Vital Few Xs X 1Brush gap2 Proportions testDOE2C/J 2 Proportions test -3A/K Two sample t testDOE4C/J Filter2 Proportions test -5M/S Shower filter2 Proportions test -6M/S Shower 2 sample t test -7 -8UV Lamp 2 sample t test2 9Tank Check sheet ( Check sheet )10Cst 11Robot teaching 12MGV # H0: s1 = s2 = s3 = ...H1: Minitab:Stat - Anova - Test for Equal VariancesMinitab:Stat -Tables - Chi-square TestH0: m1 = m2H1: m1 m2Minitab:Stat - Basic Stats - 2-Sample t Assume equal variances Normality Test One-wayANOVA H0: m1 = m2 = m3 = ...H1: Minitab:Stat - Anova- One-wayH0: , H1: Minitab:Stat - Basic Stat - Normality Test 2 Sample t( )2 Sample t( )1 Sample tH0: m1 = m ( )H1: m1 m ( )Minitab:Stat - Basic Stats 1 Sample-WilcoxonMann-Whitney Test 1-Proportion2-Proportion Test for Equal Variances(F Test or Barletts Test)Kruskal-Wallis Test H0: m1 = m2H1: m1 m2Minitab:Stat - Basic Stats - 2-Sample t Assume equal variances # (Hypothesis Testing)? . () , . . , (hypothesis Testing) . (Population Parameter) . , , . # . . .

T-Test, ANOVA .# (Scatter Diagram)

.) , , , , , (Y)(X) # (Correlation Coefficient) . 1 1. , r

(Correlation Coefficient) r (+) () 0 -1 1 # DefineMeasure

Ys/XsControlDMC ImproveAAnalyzeVitalFewXsVitalFewXsImprove#Improve Xs Xs

Xs Xs Xs Xs

Pilot Test

# Vital Few Xs , .

Xs 1) 2) , 1) 2) 3) , , #66 Y1X1 2 1 3 / 1 2 3 1 2 3 41339 2 1

2

3

4

/ 5

Upgrade IdeaM/W MatrixPugh MatrixPay-Off Matrix

X1X1X1#67 Control DefineMeasure

Ys/XsVitalFewXsDMIImprove ControlAAnalyzeVitalFewXs#1) ? 2) ? ... (control plan) . (Control Plan) Six Sigma ., , . #< >

Feed-Back System

, SPC

# (Control Plan) . # (/ ) ( - /, Go-No/Go ) X bar RI-MR

CUNPP ( / - DPU) n=1 n=2-5X bar sN=6~ #72