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A Study of Poverty Issues in the Mountainou Areas of _Luliang, China
~~~ GUO, Hailiang
1#± PhD
~ JB f:-t 1i * ?!j University of Technology, Sydney
2007
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP/ORIGINALITY
I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text.
I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis.
Signature of Candidate
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ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................ IV
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Abstract
China's Liiliang Mountain Area is located in northwest, west and southwest of Shanxi Province, featuring a formidable natural condition hardly suitable for human livelihood. In the 1980s, according to the poverty standard set by the Chinese government with annual income per capita lower than 625 Yuan, Liiliang currently has 1.8 million poverty-stricken population, accounting for 50% of the total; according to the poverty line set by the World Bank with consumption of one US dollar per person per day, there are 3.15 million people living below the poverty line in this area, 90% of the total.
There is no book-length study on the poverty issues in the Luliang mountainous areas before. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, this study is an attempt to investigate the poverty issues in the Liiliang mountainous areas in a systematic way, combining theoretical exploration and empirical research. It provides an account of the poverty alleviation endeavors in the Liiliang mountainous areas, including government policies and strategies and the practice of the local people.
A major aspect of the original contribution made by this study lies in the fact that it is based on the personal experience of the author as a leading local government official in charge of the poverty alleviation work for three decades. Over the years the author has accumulated rich first-hand material for research and many ideas have been put into practice.
In this study the "Liiliang Model" is put forward to sum up the experience of the poverty alleviation Endeavour in the Liiliang mountainous areas. This model is characterized by "Six Basics and One Control" on the one hand and "One Leading Position with Three Tasks" on the other. The term "Six Basics" refers to improvements in the six basic areas of agriculture production, rural infrastructure, rural industries, education and skills of peasants, grass-roots rural organizations, and the implementation of government policies at the rural grass-roots level; "One Control" refers to the strict control on population growth; "One Leading Position" refers to the strategy taking the development of private economy as the lead; and ''Three Tasks" refers to industrialization, urbanization and modernization. Given that poverty in the Liiliang mountainous areas is an epitome of poverty in rural China, the Liiliang Model might be able to serve as a guide for the poverty alleviation endeavor in other underdeveloped areas of China.
The main arguments of the thesis can be summarised as follows: low income is the core ofpoverty and in final analysis elimination of poverty means an increase in income; reliance on market force cannot solve the problem of poverty, simply because poor peasants are disadvantaged in the market place; the government is responsible for the provision of social security and public infrastructure for poor peasants in the poverty-stricken mountainous areas; poor peasants in the poverty-stricken mountainous areas, in their position as not only the victims of poverty but also beneficiary of poverty alleviation, should receive assistance in developing their own capability to solve the problem of poverty; due to the poor natural and human conditions accumulated in a long history, poverty alleviation in Liiliang mountainous areas is a long-term struggle and can only be won through sustained efforts by both local people and the government; the problem of poverty in a poverty-stricken area cannot be solved without external input, such as investment, technology and human resources; the opportunities created by the external input are instrumental in changing some out-moded values of poor peasants and motivating them for the anti-poverty struggle; unresolved poverty issues in Liiliang mountainous areas are an indication that there is a room for improvements in the poverty alleviation policies of the Chinese government. . .
IV
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