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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 1 071

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 2

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 3 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 4 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 5 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.5.5 7.5.6 7.5.7

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 6 7.1.1 xx 10 -2 nm 10 nm 10 2 nm 10 4 nm 0.1 cm 10cm 10 3 cm 10 5 cm

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 7 EE E J, Hz, Hz, cm cm c 2.9979 10 10 cm.s -1 h Plank 6.6256 10 -34 J.s .

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 8

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 9 7.1.2

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 10 Plank h S2S2 S1S1 S0S0 S3S3 E2E2 E0E0 E1E1 E3E3 h h h

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 11 1 2 Pauli 3

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 12 S2S2 S1S1 S0S0 T2T2 T1T1

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 13 h + h +

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 14 Absorption Spectrum S2S2 S1S1 S0S0 S3S3 h E2E2 E0E0 E1E1 E3E3 S2S2 S1S1 S0S0 h A h h h A

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 15 Selected absorption A B 1 ev = 1.6 10 -19 J.

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 16 A (a) (b) (c) (d) 220 240 260 280 nm A 0 0 0 0 (a) (b) (c) (d) Na Absorption Spectra

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 17 A B A A C

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 18 7.1.3 Transmittance T 0.0 % ~ 100.0 % T = 0.0 % T = 100.0 %

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 19 Lambert Beer Law I0I0 dbdb b ItIt II-dI dI N I N N = N 0 c dS db N 0 dS c N = k c db dI N I = I k c db dI = - I k c db,dI / I = - k c db

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 20 Absorbance and transmittance T A 1.0 0.5 0 A C A 100 50 0 T % T T = 0.0 % A = T = 100.0 % A = 0.0 A = 0.434 T = 36.8 %

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 21 Absorptivity b cm c , g/L, mol/L K c mol / L K L mol 1 cm -1 c g / L K a L g 1 cm -1 c g / 100 mL K Molar Absorptivity Absorptivity Specific extinction coefficient

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 22 c ( g / 100 mL), b = 1 cm 40 mg 250 mL NaOH ( 0.1 mol / L) 50 mL 5 mL 100 mL NaOH ( 0.1 mol / L) 10 mL 257 nm 1 C 8 H 9 NO 2 715

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 23 A C AA A C max

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 24 AC

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 25 1 2 1 2 1 + 2

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 26 b c AA 1 2 1 1 2 2

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 27

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 28 7.2.1

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- UV-VIS Ultraviolet Visual Spectroscopy 0.575 I0I0 ItIt

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 30 7.2.2 - 185 ~ 350 nm 250 ~ 2000 nm. 350 ~ 2500 nm, 185 ~ 4500 nm 350 ~ 2500 nm, 185 ~ 4500 nm

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0.575

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 32

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 33

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 34

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Analytical Chemistry 2005-12 GXQ 2005-2006 35 1 Plank 2 3 c mol / L L mol 1 cm -1 K c g / L K a L g 1 cm -1 0.575