Жарков н.в., Прокди р.г., Финков м.в. - Autocad 2012 (Полное Руководство) - 2012

. ., . ., . .

AutoCAD2012

, -

2012

.., . ., . .

AutoCAD 2012. + DVD , , Autodesk, , AutoCAD 2012. - .: , 2012. -6 24 .: . (+ DVD)

AutoCAD 2012. , , . -, AutoCAD .

AutoCAD 2012, . , . : , , , . . .

, DVD 96 , 1, , 4, , - AutoCAD 2012. , AutoCAD (+ ). AutoCAD 2012 30 .

DVD !

:(812)412-60-25,412-70-26(044) 516-38-66, 559-27-40

www.nit.com.ru

.. , ..

(-), 2012

......................................................................................................................................... 20

(). ...................................................... 21

AUTOCAD 2012............................................................................................................... 23

, AUTOCAD 2012 .............................................................................................24

AUTOCAD 2012......................................................................................25

, .................................................. 33 , .............................................33

AUTOCAD................................................................33 .............................................................................................. 34 Enter .......................................................................................35 .......................................................................................35

, .................................................. 36 .........................................................................36 ........................................37 .................................................... 37 AutoCAD 2 0 1 2 ....................................39 AutoCAD 2012.................................................... 40

1. AUTOCAD 2012................................................................41

1.1. AUTOCAD 2012................................................................................................................ 42

1.2. AUTOCAD 2012. AUTOCAD .....................43

1.2.1. AutoCAD 2012. ..................................................................................43

1.2.2. ............................................................................................53

1.2.3. .......................................................53 ...........................................................................................53 AutoCAD............................ 56 ...................................................................................57

..........

1.2.4. ..................................................................... 60

1.2.5. ................................................................... 61

1.2.6. .............................................................................62

1.2.7. ....................................................................... 64

1.2.8. ................................................................64

1.3. AUTOCAD................................................................................65

1.3.1. .........................................................................65

1.3.2. .....................................................66

1.3.3. . ....................... 68

1.3.4. ............................................................................69

1.4. AUTOCAD. ..........................................69

.........................................................................69

. ......................................................................................... 71

......................... 73

...................................................................73

AutoCAD................................................................74

.................................................. 74

1.5. AUTOCAD 2 0 1 2 ........................................................................................... 75

1.6. AUTOCAD................................................................................................................ 76

2. AUTOCAD 2012., .....................................78

2.1. AUTOCAD 2 0 1 2 ........................................ 79

2.2. .....................................................................................................................80

2.2.1. ..................... 80

AutoCAD............................. 80

AutoCAD............... 81

2.2.2. (Startup) ........................................................... 82

2.2.3. ............................................ 86

. Units ()................................................................... 86

. Limits ().... 88

.......................................................................

2.3. .................................................................................................................................89

2.3.1. ...................................................89

2.3.2. ........................................................91

2.3.3. . ..................................................................91

2.4. ...................................................................................................... 92

2.4.1. ....................................................... 92

2.4.2. ............................................................93

2.5. ............................................................................94

2.6. , AUTOCAD.....................................................95

3. AUTOCAD 2012. ................................. 97

3.1. 4....................................................................................................................... 98

3.2. . ERASE ()............................................ 101

3.3. ...............................................................................................102

Undo () ........................................................... 102

Redo ().......................................................... 103

3.4. ........... 103

3.4.1. ................ 104

3.4.2. . PAN ()........................................................................ 105

.....................................................105

..................................................................106

................................................. 107

4. ...................................................................................108

4.1. AUTOCAD ...............................................109

4.2. . ...................110

4.3. .......................................................................................................... 110

4.3.1. ......................................................110

4.3.2. .............. ....... 114

4.3.3. .......... 116

.......................................................................

4.4. . -.................................................................................................... 119

4.5. ............................................................................................................................ 119

4.6. .................................................................................. 121

4.7. ...............................................................................................125

5. -...........................126

5.1. ..............................................................................127

5.1.1. ()........................... 127

5.1.2. () ...................................... 128

................................................. 128

. XLine (). ............................................129

XLine ()............................................130

. Ray ()..........135

5.1.3. (Rectangle)................................... 136

...................................... 136

...................137

... 138

5.1.4. (Polygon)...................................... 141

5.2. ................................................................................................145

5.2.1. (C irc le)........................................................... 145

..............................................................................145

............................. 148

5.2.2. (ARC) ..........................................151

5.2.3. (E llipse).........................................................156 ...........................................................156

5.2.4. (Donut)............................................................... 160

5.3. ........................................................................................................................................161

5.3.1. (Point) .......................................................161

5.3.2. ......................................................................... 162

5.4. : ................................ 165

6 . ............................................................................... 168

6.1. (PLINE).................................................................169

.............................................................................. 169

......................... ........ 170

....................................... 172

6.2. (SPLINE): .................................................................. 175

6.3. (MLINE)...........................................................178

............................................ 178

....................................................... 180

6.4. - ............................................................ 187

6.5. AUTOCAD 2 0 1 2 .............................................................................................189

7 . , . ..............................................................................192

7.1. OPTO (ORTHO)..................................................................194

7.2. (SNAP MODE).........................................................................................194

7.3. (POLAR TRACKING)............................. 196

7.4. (POLAR SNAP)..................................................................199

7.5. ...............................................................................................................................200

7.5.1. . .........................................................................200

7.5.2. ............................................................................................206

.......................................... 206

Object Snap ( )..................................................207

7.6. , .....................................................................................................................208

8 . : ...........................................................................................................211

8.1. .......................................212

8.1.1. ............................212

8.1.2. Zoom () ...... 213

.......................................................................

.........................................................................................................213

8.1.3. ......................................... ...................217

8.2. .................................................................................................219

8.2.1 . ......................................................219

8.2.2. ......................................................................................220

8.2.3. ....................................226

9. .................................................. 227

9.1. ............................................................ 228

9.2. () ............................................................. ..............................229 .......................................... 229 ............................................ 230 ............................. 232 .....................................................232 .......................................... 233

9.3. ....................................................................................... 234 Move ()...................................................................... 234 - ......................................................... 236 W indows ....................... 236

9.4. .................................................................. ..................237 () ...................................................................238 - ..........................................................238 W indows...... ...................238

9.5. . ROTATE ()....................................... .....................241

9.6. . ARRAY ()............................................................................................ 242

9.6.1. , AutoCAD 2 0 1 2 .............................................................................. 243

9.6.2. ..................................... 244 .......................................................................... 244 .......................................................................................246 ............................................................................248

9.7. . OFFSET ()..................................250

9.8. () ...............................................................................................................253

9.9. ............................................................................................... 258

9.10. ........................................................................................... 261

9.11. . ....................................................................................................................... 266

9.12. AUTOCAD..........................................................................................................................................268

10. AUTOCAD 2012. ....................................... 272

10.1. ..........................................................................................273

10.1.1. . Trim ().........................273

10.1.2. . Extend ()....................... 279

10.1.3. . Lengthen ()....................................................... 280

10.1.4. . Stretch ()............................................................283

10.1.5. . Break ().............................286

..............286

.................................................287

- .............................. 288

10.1.6. ...........................................................288

10.2. . ALIGN ()......................................................291

10.3. ................................................................................................................................ 296

....................... 296

. Divide ()..............................................................297

. Measure ().....................................................298

10.4. ..........................................................................................299

10.4.1. ........................................................ 299

..........................................................................299

PEdit () .............................................299 ............................................302

10.4.2. .....................................................304

10.5. AUTOCAD 2012 ...................................................................................................................... 308

....................................................312

11 . ..................................... 3 1 5

11.1. ...............................................316

11.2. ............................................................................ 318

11.3. ..........................................................................320

11.4. ...................................................................................... 321

11.5. ..................................................................322

11.6. ......................... 324

11.7. ..........................................................................................................325

12 . AUTOCAD ...........................................................................................3 2 8

12.1. ............................................................................................................................ 330

................................................ 330

............. 331

. ................................................................332

12.2. . JUSTIFY ()..................................................... 334

12.3. . ........................................................................................336

. ............................................................................................. 336

.............................................. 337

12.4. ................................................................................... 340

12.5. ......................................................................................................................... 342

.......................342

.................................... 348

........................ 349

12.6. . ..................350

12.7. .........................................................................................................351

.............................................. 351

............................................. 354

............

. ............................................355

13. : , , , ....................................... 3 5 8

13.1. , .............................................................359

13.1.1. ..................................................................... 359

13.1.2. ()........................................................ 360

13.1.3. ..........................................................................363

13.1.4. () ......................................................... 364

13.2. : .................................................................................................... 365

13.3. .......................................... ............................................................. 369

13.4. . ....................................................................370

13.4.1. ...............................................................................370

....................................................................... 370

................................................................................. 371

13.4.2. . , ...................................373

................................................................................... 373

...........................................................................373

...................................................................375

............................................................. 375

13.5. .................................................................................................... 375

13.5.1. . ......................................................................... 375

13.5.2. ..................................................................377

13.5.3. ...............................................................................377

13.5.4. .......................................................................... 377

13.5.5. ....................................................................379

13.6. . .................................................................................................................379

- Properties ().......................379

................................... ...................................380

13.7. AUTOCAD............................................... 381

......................................................................................................................S O I

14. . .............................. ................................. 384

14.1. AUTOCAD 2012 ....................................................................................................................385

14.1.1. .......................................................................... 385

......................................................................385

...................................... 386

14.1.2. Dimension ()....................................................................... 388

14.1.3. ........................................ 390

14.2. ........................................................391

14.2.1. ...........................................................................391

14.2.2. ............................ 392

14.2.3. , ...................................................................394

........................................ 394

...........................................395

()............. 395

.........................................................396

14.2.4. ...................................397

.............................................397

......................................................... 398

............................................................ 399

14.2.5. ......................................................... 399

14.2.6. ...................400

14.2.7. .................................402

14.3. ................................................................403

14.4. ...........................................................................................404

14.5. . ......................................................................................................404

15. ............................................................................ 405

15.1. ....................................................... ..........................................406

15.1.1. ...................................................................406

15.1.2. , ............................................... 408

.......................................................................... -

.. 408

. Text ().... 409

15.2. ....................................................................................................................409

15.3. ......................................................................................................................... 410

15.4. ................................................................................411

15.4.1. .............................................. 411

15.4.2. ....................................413

15.5. ..................................................................................................................................414

15.6. .............................................................. 415

15.6.1. ......................................................415

15.6.2. ......................417

15.7. ......................................................................................................................... 418

15.7.1. ...................................................................... 418

15.7.2. ........................... 420

15.8. .........................................................................................................422

15.9. ................................................. 423

15.10. ..............................................................................................................................................425

15.11. ..................................................................................426

16. ................................................................................................428

16.1. AUTOCAD 2012............................................................................... 429

16.2. .........................................................................................................................431

16.2.1. ............................................ 431

...................... ..............................................433

........................................................... 434

.................................435

16.2.2. ........................................................... 435

16.2.3. ..................................... 437

16.3. ..........................................................................................................438

16.3. .................................................................................................................. 440

9

17. . . ...........................442

17.1. .......................................................................................... 443

17.2. ..................................................................................................................................444

17.3. . ................................................................................ 447

17.4. ..................................................................................................450

17.5. ....................................................................................................... 454

17.6. ...............................................................................455

17.6.1. .........................................................455

......................................... 455

.........................................................455

. ...... 457

17.6.2. ............................................................ 458

17.6.3. ...........................................................463

. ...........................................................................................463

. ........................463

18. ...........................................................................465

18.1. ( ).......................................... 466

.....................................................................466

................469

18.2. EXCEL- ............................................................471

19. ...............................................472

19.1. .................................................473

, ............................................................................ 474

.................................475

........................................ 475

19.2. ................................................................................................ 476

19.3. ......................................................................................................477

......

19.4. ........................................... 478

19.5. .........................................................................................479

19.6. ........................................................... 480

20. AUTOCAD. .................................................................................................................. 481

20.1. AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER( AUTOCAD).................................................................................. 482

AutoCAD Design Center ( AutoCAD) ..................................................................................................................482 AutoCAD Design Center( AutoCAD).................................................................484 AutoCAD DesignCenter( AutoCAD).................................................................484

20.2. AUTOCAD DESIGNCENTER ( AUTOCAD)................ 486

20.2.1. .................................................486

20.2.2. ........................................................................................................ 487 ........................................................................... 487 ............................................................................................. 488 () ..............................................................................490

20.2.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter( AutoCAD)................................................................. 490

20.3. AUTOCAD DESIGNCENTER( AUTOCAD).................................................................................490

21. AUTOCAD 2012 ..........................................491

21.1. ....................................................... .........................492 ...............................492 . ...............................................................493 ....................................495

21.2. () - ........................................................................................ 496

.................................................................................... 496 ................................................................................................496 ....................................498 ...........................................................................................499

9

() .......................................500

21.3. ........................................................................................... 500

21.4. ...501

21.5. AUTOCAD. OPTIONS ().............................................. 503 (Files)............................................................................. 503 (Display). AutoCAD..................................................................................................504 / (Open and Save).......................... 506 (Profiles). ..............507 ..............................................................................................508

22. ...............................................................................................510

22.1. ............................................................................................511 ................................ 511 ................................................................... 512

22.2. ...................................................................................................................... 513 .................................... 514, .............................................................................514 .................................................... 515 ....................................... 516 ..............................................................................................517

22.3. 4 ....517

22.4. AUTOCAD 2012...........................517

22.4.1. ............................................................... 517

22.4.2. Layout (). ........................519

23. . ................................................................ 524

23.1. .......................................................................................................... 525

23.2. ...................................................................................................526

23.3. . ...............529 .............529 .......................................................530

9 .................................... ..................................

23.4. ................................................................................. 531 ......................................531 .......................................... 532 . ...................................................................................................... 533

24. ......................................534

24.1. ............................................................ 535

24.2. ................................................536 .............................................. 536 , ................................................................................................. 539

24.3. TOOL PALETTES ( ) AUTOCAD............................................................................................................. 541

25- ..............................................................................543

25.1. ..........................................................................544 ..................................................................................... 544 ......................................................545

25.2. ....................................................... 545

25.3. ....................................................548

26. AUTOCAD 2 0 1 2 .......................................549

26.1. ..................................... 550

26.2. AUTOCAD..................................................551

26.3. . ...........................................................................................................................553

26.3.1. .............................................. 553

26.3.2. AutoCAD........................................555 3D Orbit. .............................. 555 ....................................................................................................557

26.3.3. ............................................................................. 561

26.4. ................................................................................. 562

.................................................................................

26.4.1. ................................................................. 563 ................................................... 563 ........................................................................................564 ..................................................................................... 565 ............................................................................... 565 ..................................................................................... 566 ...........................................................................................567

26.4.2. AutoCAD 2012................................................. 568

26.4.3. ................................ 569 ..........................570 . .......................... 571

26.4.4. ................................. 576.............................................................................................. 576

26.5. ........................................................................................................................578

26.5.1. ..................................................................................... 578. .....................................................................578 ............................................................................................580 ..........................................................................................581 .......................................................................................... . 582 .......................................................................................... 582 ...........................................................................................................583

26.6. ............................................................................................................... 584

26.7. ........................................................................................585

26.8. .....................................................586 .........................................586

26.9. ............................................................................... 587 . .................................................................................................... 587 ........................................................588

26.10. ......................................................................................... 588

......................................................................

27. AUTOCAD 2012...................... 59

27.1. ...................................... ............................................................... 590

27.2. ..................................................................................... 596

27.3. ........................................600

27.4. (INFER)................................................................................................................................. 600

- AUTOCAD 2012..............................................................601

..............................................621

C S

().

, (), AutoCAD, (), :

2.16.1. () .2.16.2. - - , .2.16.3. .2.16.4. - , .2.16.5. . :

: , , - ();

, , , ;

.

2.16.6. :

, .. ; () , .. ,

.

. . , () , . . :

CAD (Computer Aided Design) - (, ) - . AutoCAD, .

CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) - , : , , ..

(Computer Aided Manufacturing) - .

, , , .

() ( ) . , .

, , . , , . .

. , , (, ), . - , . , :

7 .....................................................................................................................

() (). , .

, , . , .

AutoCAD 2012 AutoCAD 2012 , CAD- ( , . ). , ( ).

Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk Architectural Desktop ., AutoCAD .

AutoCAD Autodesk . 5 . AutoCAD Automated Computer Aided Drafting and Design, .

AutoCAD 90- , MS DOS. 11, 12, 13 . 14 AutoCAD Windows. 90- 15- 2000i.

AutoCAD 2009, AutoCAD 2010, AutoCAD 2011 AutoCAD 2012.

AutoCAD 2007/2008, , .

, AutoCAD 2004 2006, 2007 2009, 2010 2012 , ( ) , , . AutoCAD , , , .

AutoCAD 2006 AutoCAD 2007, AutoCAD 2009 AutoCAD 2010. ( ) 2009 2010.

( Autodesk): AutoCAD 2012 18.2, AutoCAD 2010 18, AutoCAD 2009 17.2, AutoCAD 2008 17.1, a AutoCAD 2007 17. , 2007-2009 17- , AutoCAD 2010 . ? , , AutoCAD 2010/2011/2012 DWG- , AutoCAD 2009, 2008 2007.

: AutoCAD 2010/2011.2012 , .

, AutoCAD 2012

AutoCAD 2012 :

: Pentium ( AMD Athlon) Dual Core 1600 . SSE2.

: 2 .

(). 1000 + 500 + 2 -.

: SVGA- 17 1280x1024. . 19.

( ).

.

Windows SP2 (- 2) SP3, Windows Vista (Enterprise, Business, Ultimate Home Premium Edition), Windows 7.

- . , ( ) .

! AutoCAD 2012 Windows 95, Windows 98, ME, NT, 2000. AutoCAD 2012 Windows , Microsoft Vista Windows 7 , , AutoCAD (.. , ).

, AutoCAD 2012 AutoCAD.

AutoCAD 2012 AutoCAD 2012 . (. . .1). .

( , ..) . I Accept (. .2). ( ) 30- (. .).

, (. .4). , AutoCAD 2012.

.^...............................................

. . 1.

; Russja

Autodesk

0

. : AUTODESK , , ,

* f I Accept) , , , , () Autodesk, (t) , (, -) , ( , ) , , 8 . ,

I Reject * ii Accept

?,

. .2.

SgS%'5>Tr -"-! 5=V3s%'*'^ / 0 1 7

Autodesk

snowm >

Two |

W m k m ? ^ - ~ X

Autodesk

^ * , > 0 ,

:9 AutoCAD 201 2-

......... ....... ................

,

?6|

* :

0 Express Took

[^ AutoCAD 2012 - Russian

() Autodesk.com

| ^

V

. . 5. AutoCAD 2 0 12

:

.

;

-& :

- { - .V Express Took Autod .'

|

Q AutoCAD 2012 - Russian

) Autodesk.com

. . 6.

Autodesk Design Review DWF-, Autodesk Inventor Fusion. Autodesk Design Review. , ., DWF. AutoCAD DWG , . DWF- AutoCAD, Autodesk Design Review. , AutoCAD . DWF (3ds MAX, Inventor ..). . AutoCAD, Autodesk Design Review .

Autodesk Inventor Fusion. . AutoCAD 2012 -. AutoCAD Autodesk Inventor ( Autodesk, -).

, . . AutoCAD 2012, , AutoCAD 2012. . , , : (. .5). Express Tools. - , , AutoCAD. .

, , . . , , , (. .6).

AutoCAD (. .7). (. .8).

. . 7.

.

AutoC AD 2 0! 2 !

Autodesk Inventor Fusion 2 0! 2

Autodesk Inventor Fusion plug-in for AutoCAD 2012

. . 8.

'

Autodesk

. . 9. AutoCAD 2 0 1 2 Autodesk

Autodesk

\v

Autodesk (IP) , . Autodesk .

, .

(

. . 10. - . , AutoCAD . . 30 .

.....................................................................................................................

!j Autodesk' Exchange

l I m *

, 3D

AutoCAD 201-AutoCAD WS

DWG .

*

*

* 20- 30-

*

*

*

* .

*

Autodesk

Copyright 2011 Autodesk, inc. AS re-

] Show this window at stark up

- : * Autodesk

. B .11. Autodesk Exchange

AutoCAD 2012 , AutoCAD ( , .). , ( ) . . . 10.

, AutoCAD 2012 Autodesk Exchange (. . .11). , . . , ( ) . , .

AutoCAD. (Show this window at start up).

......................................................................

AutoCAD

, AutoCAD . , . , AutoCAD ( , ):

PKSER - ;

ACADVER - ;

LOGINNAME - ;

LOCALROOTPREFIX - (, C:\Documents and Settings\\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2012 Russian\R18.2\rus\);

MYDOCUMENTSPREFIX - ;

PLATFORM - ;

PRODUCT - ;

PROGRAM - ;

SYSCODEPAGE - ;

TEMPPREFIX - .

,

,

, . , , - .

, : (Draw) (Rectangle). , (Draw), (Rectangle).

, . , , .

, AutoCAD. , .. : , . :

(Text).

(Move). (Text Style).

, : . :

Select objects: :

, AutoCAD. , AutoCAD , . , AutoCAD, . , .

, .

, , AutoCAD 2012.

E n t e r

AutoCAD, , (, ..) . , , AutoCAD - . : , .

. , Enter. , , . , . , , , Enter, , . , .

, , , , :

AutoCAD, . , , . - () .

( ), , AutoCAD. , .

, .

, , AutoCAD .

. , , . , -

. 22. - . 15. - . . 5 ..

,

, , . (), , , , , 2.001 - 93. .

, , , . , , :

;

, ;

;

, - ;

;

;

;

.

, :

;

- ;

- , - , , , , . .

2. 001 -93

2. 00 2 -7 2 , ,

2. 00 4 -8 8

2. 05 1 -2 006 . .

2. 05 2 -2 006 . .

2 .0 5 3 -2 0 0 6 . .

2. 101-68

2. 102-68

2. 103-68

2. 104-2006

2. 105-95

2. 106-96

2. 108-68

2. 109-73

2 .1 1 1 -6 8

2. 112-70

2. 113-75

2. 114-95 . ,

2. 124-85

2. 201-80

2. 301-68

2. 302-68

2. 303-68

2. 304-81

2. 305-2008 - , ,

2 .306 -68

2. 307-68

2. 308-79

2. 309-73

2. 310-68 ,

2. 311-68

2. 313-82

2. 314-68

2 .315 -68

2 .316-2008 ,

2. 317-69

2. 318-61

2. 320-82 ,

2 .321 -84

2. 401-68

2. 405-75

2 .410 -68

2 .414 -75 ,

.......................................................................

2 .4 1 8 -2 0 0 8

2. 41 9 -6 6

2. 42 4 -8 0

2. 50 1 -8 8

2. 50 2 -6 8

2. 50 3 -9 0

2. 60 1 -2 006

2. 60 2 -9 5

2. 701 -2008 . .

2. 70 2 -7 5

2. 70 3 -6 8

2. 70 4 -7 6

2. 70 9 -8 9 ,

.

2 .7 1 0 -8 1 -

2 .7 2 1 -7 4 .

A u t o C A D 2 0 1 2

, AutoCAD 2012 , . , - . , AutoCAD . , , . , , . - .

, , , , .

AutoCAD 2 0 1 2 AutoCAD 2012 AutoCAD 2011, :

Inventor Fusion, Autodesk Inventor - , . AutoCAD, . , AutoCAD , AutoCAD, , .

AutoCAD Exchange, AutoCAD. , .

, .

, , , , , , ( AutoCAD 2011 ).

, (SNAP), .

. ( )

. .

AutoCAD. .

. PSD, HDR, JPEG2000, NITF, DDS, DOQ, ECW, MrSID, OpenEXR.

: Pro Engineer(Creo), Solidworks, ATI A, Unigraphics (UX), Autodesk Inventor, Rhinocerus.

.

(BLEND), , .

1.

AUTOCAD 2012

1.1. AutoCAD 2012 AutoCAD 2012 :

Windows ( Autodesk AutoCAD 2012 - -> AutoCAD 2012);

.

AutoCAD 2012 (. . 1.1), AutoCAD 2012, ( ). , : , , AutoCAD, .

, AutoCAD, , , (Startup). . .

. 1.1. AutoCAD 20 12

1.2. AutoCAD 2012. AutoCAD

1 . 2 . 1 . A u t o C A D 2 0 1 2 .

AutoCAD (. . 1.2). , , . . . , , , , .

. , AutoCAD Worde .

. 1.2. AutoCAD 2 0 1 2

AutoCAD 2012 . AutoCAD . - Microsoft Office 2007 2010 (Word, Excel ..), . ( ). Microsoft Office .

AutoCAD 2009 , . , . AutoCAD , , AutoCAD.

.......................................................................

. , . , . , AutoCAD ( , , Microsoft Office). , , , , , . , AutoCAD, , . .

AutoCAD 2012 , , . 2D .

3D . ( ),

, AutoCAD 2012.

, 2D , . AutoCAD ( AutoCAD

\ -

I

I - ?

! I f -

|]

1! "

-

I 1 - |

1 \ -X

1 11 -

3

. 1.3.

.......................................................................9

. 1.5. AutoCAD 20 12

, ). AutoCAD 2012 . 1.4 . 1.5.

, . , . , (. 1.6):

- AutoCAD 2012 , ( ), , (, , ).

- , . (, ) , .

- , /- , , , .

- AutoCAD 2012, . .

- , .

- , AutoCAD 2012, AutoCAD 2012.

- AutoCAD, (, ), .

- .

- .

, , . . , . , 6 , .

( ) . . , , . , , , (. 1.7).

[

*3 ( ? ) < * & ' * & # ^ % / " I ............. ........ r \

d> c j As l] * 'S?

>

?) ^.;. =-------

- [ W w \:0: L! i8- 1

-!

) .

------------- :

!

Express Tools

|? S?J*

* - i :

Jjb t

*

)

?

-

-

Express |

A ABC Standard\

Z 1 150-25 / . . )! 1" in * W h i

2,5

-.1 | -

)

Standard *

7 s a /8

spp? Standard ...

...

V * - -

2 2 2 3 2 2 Expres

_ R t_ >' / ^ X ' 31 & Y |3 =

t ~ i ) 1 5 / . ! ! ?! ;

|~!

*

)

. 1.6. AutoCAD 2012

On f x

|

|

W 0 C i | 2D i

" -

! 5

O si r Q - f .

@

* ~ 1 I1 2D | *

Express Tools

!

131I

|

)

Express Tools

@ Visual Basic

Q f Visual LISP

^ VBA

E g

^

* J

:

:

DWF/PDF

)

. 1.6. AutoCAD 20 12

, AutoCAD 2012, ,

/ ^ 1

: S

a

[ - ] [] 0 ]

l2 c

- ' ' . '- '| 4

. 1.7.

(, , 1). - - (. . 1.4).

AutoCAD (. 1.8). : ( ), , (View) (Clean Screen), Ctrl+ () .

. .

....................................1....... U

5

L - .1 &&&? ----------------- ------------ ----------------- ( *;

; _13 eenON [jg :

m

. 1.8. AutoCAD

. . (. 1.9.), (. 1.9.6-).

.......................................................................

: s ^ *

>20

- ' . - :

% s i # ^ A ~t~ ' -*

4&S8 V & * j

Kg* |

*

aj

{ } 2 0

*1 .dwg

/ 4I .

'

.

..

)

{g j 2D

' ; ^ *

1 dwg

I

)

, ' - ! .dwg

="

)

. 1.9. AutoCAD 2 0 12

1 . 2 . 2 .

- AutoCAD, .

, . , . - , . , , . , : , ( , ). .

, , (. . 21.3). , . , .

(. . 1.4). , .

(Model). , ( ) .

(Model) 1 (Layout 1) 2 (Layout 2). , ( . 22).

1 . 2 . 3 .

AutoCAD . , AutoCAD , , . , j |^ j , , (. . 1.10). .

5

Q r

| j

]

AutoCAD (DWG).

.__ ^ AutoCAD\%, \ I (DWT)j

.

f , AutoCAD1

\ bm \ (DW5), .

DWG, DWT, DW5 DXF.

DWG . -

"0 -; *

5#^ | ; AutoCAO 2012

. 1.10. ,

. ( . 1.5). , . .

, (.1.11).

1 .2D

/ / % %* % # ** "& i! ) & * > "

, ( , ).

AutoCAD 2012 12 -, AutoCAD. Express, Express Tools. () , :

(File) - : , , , AutoCAD.

(Edit) - : , , .

(View) - , .

(Insert) - , , (, , OLE . .).

(Format) - , , , , , .

(Tools) - , , . .

(Draw) - .

(Dimension) - .

(Modify) - () .

- , () .

(W indow ) - , .

(Help) - AutoCAD.

, . ( ) , .

( ). , - , .

AutoCAD

, .

, , . ( ), .

(. . 1.12), ...(O pen...), : , , .

: ;

I ... ...

.,.

1 ...I ...

,.,

...

Ctrl+S

... Ctrl+Shift+S

.,.

...

...

...

...

.,,

... Ctrl+P

DWF.,,

/...

...

...

Ctrl+Q

. 1.12.

-

- (, (Partial Load) . 1.12). , .

- (, (Save) . 1.12). .

- (, (Drawing Utilities) . 1.12). (. . 1.13).

|

/

...

...

...

,..

.. Q j

AutoCAD 201? 4epre*1.()w5

Express

, :

...

...

0 Ctrl+S

,.. -SNft+S

...

"'S* e ra i-,-. DWG

AutoCAD WS

^ ...

^ .., ..

,..

@ ,..

..,

Cq ? ^

... Q rl+P

DWP...

^ /...

* I

|} ...

120.*#

Z ( BA3).dwg

1 .dwg I4 Hekopter_MI-24.dwg

Ctrto-Q j

} ...

} ..

'0 ..

. 1.13.

, AutoCAD . , -

, . . . -, , . , , , . , , - , .

-, , , . , . AutoCAD. . , , , , , AutoCAD.

, . , , . , . : , , .

. AutoCAD. , (. 1.5).

AutoCAD - .

. , , (Draw) , (Insert) - .

AutoCAD 2012 51 . , , . , , . 21.1 . , , (. . 1.14).

Au1oCAD201? *1 dwg

Express

Express Tools

& ! *, * >3 Q

( {*%

% %,f&.,*dkk .1rv u * . .3D

-2

_

,

*

-2

v*

-2

-2

ACFU5ION

AUTOCADWS *

i *

. 1.14.

................................................

, AutoCAD : . .

, , (. . 1.15). .

' J Q D -/ ~/

. 1.15.

, . - , . .

1 .2 .4 .

AutoCAD . (. . 1.16) . , .

AutoCAD . , 0 Ctrl+3 .

....................................................................

, * - . ^ ' 2 L fe I * - 0 ' . ; v*i J

> JL ............ m * 8 *\ -

. 1.16.

1 . 2 . 5 .

- AutoCAD. 3 , : . , , . .

. , . , , , , .

AutoCAD . . ,

- , .

, - , AutoCAD . . , .

, . , AutoCAD 2012 , . , , . 21.

1 .2 .6 .

AutoCAD, , (. . 1.4 1.17). AutoCAD 2009-2012 . . , . / AutoCAD ( ). AutoCAD 2012 i l f l . / .

. 1.17. AutoCAD 2 0 1 2

, / . AutoCAD , - , , , , .

AutoCAD 2012 . , ,

. 1.18.

, (. 1.18). . . 1.19.^8161'3^ 1^|-[^ 11)^ [||^ 181 :^1^^^ | 11

. 1.19.

, , :

(INFER) - f i |

(SNAP)

(GRID) .

OPTO (ORTHO) L..

- (POLAR)

(OSNAP) U

(3DOSNAP)

- (OTRACK) .

(DUCS)

(DYN) I "k

JTHH

(LWT)

(TRY) [ l _ ) J

[ ^ [

(SC)

. . .

1 . 2 . 7 .

, ( ) . . , X , . , Ctrl + 4.

& -

1 . 2 . 8 .

, (. 1.20). , , . ,

, , .. , . ,

* 5 , * * I ,' _____ ' .

m I

* +' \

I F 51 8 - &j

' / [ - ] [] 50 ]

. 1.20.

. . , AutoCAD (. . 1.21). - , .

I{^ AutoCAD 2012 4epre*1.dwg * ?

Express

/ 0 i

[ - ] [] ]

X

, ", .

' : ..................-

| |

. 3 \ 30 Stud..

X) 30 } 3D > X 5 3D , 30 f X X 1 X > X f X i X

X .X

S X \ X 1 X > X \ X 5 X } 6 | ACJS. j Align Space Arc Aligned ext j Attach Leader to Annotation ) Attach Xdata

Autodesk. Products and S upport Website 1 Automate T ext Numbering

ACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADACADEXPRESSEXPRESSEXPRESSEXPRESSEXPRESSEXPRESS

.1 Litawwu 1| } i< j\ 5 ^ 1 2 f

. 1.21.

1.3. AutoCAD

1 . 3 . 1 .

, AutoCAD . , , ,

* ............ - - ............

PAN () . , AutoCAD , .

, : (. . 1.4). . . X Y .

- AutoCAD, , , , . .

1 . 3 . 2 .

.

1

-J

{ . | j ] | ; | |

..

()

. 1.22.

mm

, . , (. . 1.22):

- () . - , . - . .

- / . , ( ). .

- , . .

- .

- . , .

- , . , . , , . , ( , , , . .).

() - .

, . , . ,

(, . .). .

. .

1 . 3 . 3 . .

, . (. 1.23) - AutoCAD Text Windows, . F2 .

AutoCAD .

AutoCAD - 4 e p Te m 1 .d w g [ . |( |[|

;

: _.QUICKCUX ::: _rectang [////]: [//]:::: _pline : 0.0000 [////] : [/////]: [/////]:

[///////// ] : [///////// ] : [///////// ]: [///////// ] :

1

: |_____________________________________________________________________________________________

. 1.23.

.......................................................................

AutoCAD (AutoCAD Text Windows) - , (, List () - ).

1 .3 .4 .

, AutoCAD . , , . , - , .

.

1.4. AutoCAD.

AutoCAD. , .

:

1. AutoCAD ( ).

2. , , :

;

(, - ), , AutoCAD;

Enter.

3. ( , . . ).

, , AutoCAD (Line). , . , (Line): / 1, (Draw) (Line) _line (. . 1.24).

- . . , AutoCAD , . , , .

Line ()

-

(.

) Enter"

. 1.24.

, Esc (, ). , AutoCAD , :

Command::

. , . .

, (Line). , , . , . , .

Enter Esc.

.

( , ) , , .

, AutoCAD, . , . (, - ), - . AutoCAD :

1. . .

2. . .

3. .

4. , .

, . . , , . .

, :

Enter.

, , . - , .

. , .

- , . , . , Enter. (. . 1.25).

S p e c i f y lo v # e r l e f t c o r n e r [ON / OFF] < 0 . 0 0 0 0 , 0 . 0 0 0 0 > :

,

. 1.25.

................................................

AutoCAD . . , . ENTER. , . , Enter.

, () - . AutoCAD .

AutoCAD , . AutoCAD, _ . , (Line) _line. , AutoCAD .

, , AutoCAD ( ), . , . AutoCAD , , . .

, , . , .

.

, . , . -

.^........................................ 9

, : (Pan), (Zoom) . . , AutoCAD .

, . , . , , ( ).

, ( ) . .

AutoCAD , , AutoCAD . , , - . , , .

, . , , , .

, , , .

AutoCAD . . , SURFTAB1 SURFTAB2: , .

AutoCAD , . .

,

................................................................................

. , .

, Enter. . , , .

1.5. AutoCAD 2012, AutoCAD, - .

\ / \ , (Draw) . (Line), .

Active Assistance ( ). , Microsoft Office, .

. - . , , . . . , . .

. Enter. , . 1.26.

- ( ) - . , AutoCAD ( . 12). Delete (Del), .

. 1.26.

(Erase), . 3.

1.6. AutoCAD AutoCAD , :

Command::

AutoCAD . , , (Line), ( ) .

, AutoCAD - , (. 1.27). , , (. 2). AutoCAD , .

! ,dwg?

LsaaeaLJ

. 1.27.

AutoCAD , AutoCAD 2012

2 .

AUTOCAD 2012 .

,

2.1. AutoCAD 2012

AutoCAD , . , , .

, , .

, , . , , . . . , AutoCAD, , .dwg.

, , AutoCAD , :

.dws - -, ;

.dxf - . .

( ), .

.......................................................................

: |4aprec2.dvig

: AutoCAD 2010 (" dwg)

v j [

AutoCAD 2007/LT 2007 {'dwg) AutoCAD 2004/LT2004 ( dwgj AutoCAD 2000/LT 2000 dwg) AutoCAD R14/LT98/LT97 -dwg) AutoCAD ( dws) AutoCAD ( dwt) AutoCAD 2010 DXF ( dxf)AutoCAD 2007.2007 DXFf.dxf) AutoCAD 2004.2004 DXF { dxf) AutoCAD 2000/LT 2000 DXF C'dxf) AutoCAD R12/LT 2 DXF r.dxtl___________

. 2 .1 . ,

2.2.

2 . 2 . 1 .

AutoCAD

AutoCAD , . :

( (420x297 ), ), . ( ).

(Startup), , .

, AutoCAD, / AutoCAD 2012 (Startup). AutoCAD, Startup, Enter", Startup < 0 > : 1 (. . 2.2).

. 2 .2 . AutoCAD 2012 . Startup 1

, AutoCAD 2012 (Startup). , AutoCAD 2012.

(Startup), .

AutoCAD

AutoCAD, gj . ( (420x297 ), ), (C reate N ew Drawing), (Startup), , .

(File) (Create).

* ..........................................

2 .2 .2 . (Startup)

, (Startup) (Create New Drawing). , . (Startup), (Startup).

% X

& :

acadiso dwt

LQj.-j Laaa&J

. 2 .3 . (Startup)

Startup ( ) (. . 2.3) , :

* * * * * r v 5 (Open a Drawing) - . (Startup),

AutoCAD.

(Start from Scratch) - . . : () (), , .

(Use a template ) - .

c m

(Use a Wizard) - .

, (Startup) : , ( , , ), .

:

(Quick Setup) - ().

(Advanced Setup) - . , ().

(Advanced Setup):

1. (. 2.4) (Units). . . - (Decimal), (Precision) , . , (Next).

2. (. 2.5) . , . (Decimal Degrees) 0 ( ). (Next).

3. (. 2.6) , . (East), . (Next) .

(. 2.7) (Angle Direction). (Counter- Clockwise), . (Next).

.

0 0

:

0 0000

15.5000

[ > ] |

. 2 .4 .

^

.

0 // 0 0 0

90

< || > | [

. 2 .5 .

5. (. 2.8) ( ) - (Area). (W idth) , (Length) - . -

. . (Finish). .

< ~)| > j [

. 2 .6 .

^

.

. 2 .8 .

(Quick Setup). , .

2 . 2 . 3 .

(, , ) , .

Limits (), - Units (). . , , .

. U n it s ( )

Units () (Format) (Units), _units.

(Drawing Units) (. . 2.9). , , , .

t

(Length), - (Angle).

(), - - (Precision).

(Decimal). , , . -

(

X

:

:

[ : :

j 0.0000 ......... 0 )0

:

!

1.5.2.0039.03

^ (Drawing Units), , - Cancel (),

. L im it s ( )

Limits (). . 0,0, . .

. , 4 210,297, - 420,297.

Limits (), . (Format) (Drawing Limits). , _limits Enter.

Limits () AutoCAD :

Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] : [/] :

0,0 . . , , Enter. .

. :

Upper right corner : :

(420x297 ). - Enter, - Enter.

2.301-68.

, :

Co m m a n d : :

2.3. 2 . 3 . 1 .

, , AutoCAD . , , , , , - , .

, -, , -, , , , . , . .

, , , , - , . .

, AutoCAD .dwg. , (Word, Excel . .).

:

(File) (Save);

^ ( );

: _save.

, AutoCAD (Save Drawing As), . 2.11. , , .

^ ...................................................................... 9

: ' _a

i j i Autoftun Pro Enterprise II Pro., Camtasia 5tudio

L u My Adobe Captivate Projects i_, Snaglt Catalog L.jj The KMPIayer

! , .

i ' '

. 5 ^

l i l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ '1 3 .

$: [ AutoCAD 2007 ( dwg)

: i AutoCAD 2010 ( dwg)

V ( -

. 2 .11 . (Save Drawing As)

(File name) 255 , . - . , 01, 02 . ., .

, , (Folder) . (Save Drawing As) . j=>j .

, , .

, 10-15 , : , - . (Save Drawing As) , . , , : (Save Drawing As) .* .....................................................................................................................

2 . 3 . 2 .

, . , : . . , .

, (File) -> (Save as) ( _saveas). (Save Drawing As) (. 2.11), / .

, .

2 . 3 . 3 . .

(Save Drawing As) - . AutoCAD , AutoCAD 2006 AutoCAD 2002, , AutoCAD 2009, AutoCAD 2004 .. , AutoCAD 2009/2008/2007 , 2009/2008/2007 AutoCAD 2010/2012. , AutoCAD 2010/2012, AutoCAD 2010/2012.

, , :

1. (File) (Save as).

2. (Save Drawing As), (Files of type), (Save).

AutoCAD 2012 () AutoCAD . , -

AutoCAD ( Autodesk). ( ), AutoCAD 2012 (File) ^ (Export).

(Export Data), . 2.12.

, (Files of type), (Save).

:

..

: (

. AutoRun Pro Enterprise II Pro... 24.02.20t0 12:(

Camtasia Studio 24.02.2010 12:08US My Adobe Captivate Projects 24.02.2010 12:5-}\ 5naglt Catalog 10.03.2010 19:

The 1Player 22.02.2010 19:3(uS 21.02.2010 23:2:}5: 21.02.2010 12:5::

10.03.2010 20:0' 21.02.2010 12:5^

_ (Open);

, ;

......................................................................................

: open ( ).

(Select file), (. 2.13). (Preview) , . . , (Open).

: 1 X ----------------------------------------------------------- --------- ; AutoRun Pro Enterprise II Pro...i_j| Camtasia Studio.. J My Adobe Captivate ProtectsQt SnagK Catalog The KMPIayer; .ji . uJ

_________

: I_____________________________

: ! -dwg)

. 2 .1 3 . (Select file )

AutoCAD Startup ( ), .

2 . 4 . 2 .

AutoCAD . , , - .

( . . 13).

(Select file). , , , (Open), (Partial Open).

(Partial Open). , (. 2.14), .

'i l i

*

:

:

..

2dTransB order2dTransTitleBlockCenter MarkCenterlineDimensions ZHatchLeader LinesSection View LinesSymbolsTextTitleVisible Edges

[~ ] {~

| | (~~~0~~~) [~ "]

. 2 .1 4 . (Partial Open)

2.5.

, AutoCAD 2012, :

- (File) -> (eTransmit). () (, . .).

(File) (Publish to Web). web- .

AutoCAD . -

. (Line), .

, : , , ( , , ). . 4 .

2.6. , AutoCAD

AutoCAD , . AutoCAD 2012 . . (. 2.15).

- , . . ( ). , .

1-1

. 2 .1 5 .

, , , - (. 2.16). , AutoCAD, , .

| 1 I 11 jIL-

_........ ______ ! __1, . ! 4_ L ___ [ . i +'si I /

. 2 .16 .

3.

AUTOCAD 2012.

3.1. 4 AutoCAD , , . ( ), . , . . , .

, . .

4 (. 3.1), , (Line).

:

1. , ( ) (DYN). (Line). \ (Draw). , . Creates straight line segments ( LINE). . :

.

. 3 .1 . 4

Specify first point: :

: , 0. Enter.

2. . :Specify next point or [Undo]: []:

210,0 Enter. .

3. . ( ) :Specify next point or [Undo]: []:

210, 297 Enter.

..........................................- .........-................................... ..........................

4. . ( ) :Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: [/]: : 0, 2 97. Enter.

5. , . , (Close):Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: [/]:

(Close), . Enter ( , , ) .

. , . , . , , . 3.5 . - , . ! : .

, 3.2. :

- 20, 5;

- 205, 5;

- 205, 292;

- 20, 292.

4. , . , , ( (Line)).

, ? F2, AutoCAD. , AutoCAD ( , ).

Paiwe 5*

4e{nKl.dwg | **

.>! \ *

/ - -3-L @ S,

Select objects: :

, . : . (. 3.3). , Enter, .

. 3 .3 .

! ! ! !

: (), Erase (). () . .

Del

3.3. U n d o ( )

(Line), (Erase) (Undo), :

( , );

;

_undo ( ).

(Undo) - . , :

Nothing to undo

R e d o ( )

: (Undo)?, , ? , AutoCAD (Redo), :

L *l ( , );

;

_redo ( ).

3.4.

, , ( ), - . , . - . : , .

, , ( , ). , , .

, . , . . 9.

.......................... .......................................................................................... 9

3 . 4 . 1 .

- . . - .

, :

(, ( ));

(View) -> (Zoom) (Realtime). (Realtime).

. 3 .4 .

^ f v '

@

)

+

...0 0^ ... ...

) ,

( ). , , . , , - .

, , ( ) . , Enter Esc.

, . . .

3 . 4 . 2 . . P A N ( )

(PAN). , .

(PAN) :

(View) (Pan) -> (Realtime);

; _ ( );

, , .

(PAN), ( ). . - , , , .

, . , (PAN), , .

(PAN), Enter Esc. , .*

................... .................................................................................................

, PAN () , . MBUTTONPAN, 1, ( ).

(PAN) , , . (Realtime). AutoCAD , - . (View) (Pan) (. 3.5). :

(Realtime) - , .

(Point) - : , ,

AutoCAD 201 /

!

" ^ ^

(f [ 4 5

< 3

* 0

i yj* ^

/ V /

I

[ 3 [ 3 (2D ^ ^

^

.,.

2

...

| ...

. 3 .5 .

. , . , . (Point) -pan.

(Left) - , 1/8 . PAN .

(Right), (Up), (Down) - , .

Windows- . AutoCAD .

: , , .

, . (Tools) (Options) (Options), (Display), (Display scroll bars in drawing window) (. . 3.6).

i X

: ... !'* : !.dwg( : / / < i >

: j v j {1000 ;

4.1 . AutoCAD

AutoCAD , . - , . , . . , , . .

AutoCAD 2012 , . , , AutoCAD, .

AutoCAD :

.

.

.

.

.

.9

.....................................................................................................................

4.2. .

. .

. .

, , . 7.4.3.

4 . 3 . 1 .

. , . X Y , Enter ( ).

4 . 3.1.

. , X Y.

, (0,0). X, , , Y (. 4.1).

.....................................................................................................................

Y-Y

. 4 .1 .

. . 180x210 (-80, -20):

Command: ( :) (Line),

: -80, -20.

: 100, -20.

: 100,190.

: - 80,190.

, : -80,-20.

Enter .

.........................................................................

, Enter, . , . . 3 , (. 4.2).

. 4 .2 .

2. $

(0,0), (190,20) (120,150). :

C o m mand: ( :) (Line),

. : 0,0. Enter.

: 190,20. Enter.

f l l

. , : 120, 150. .

. (0,0) Enter.

Enter .

. 4 .3 .

3.

- . , , . ,

( ) . , .

4 . 3 . 2 .

, X u Y , (. 4.4).

: . , , , X Y .

@1,3

. 4 .4 .

@, . .

: @20,10.

............

2 .

1.

120, , :

Command: (:) (Line),

.

: @ 0,120. Enter, 120 .

(Line) Enter.

-

/ ^ f b x L n , , ............................. ^ l l i L j g l o O Z l L > "k* . 1____^ , ~^

4 . 3 . 3 .

- () :

;

, . , . .

, ( ) .

: @

. , .

: , , 200 , 170 55 . .

: Command: (:) (Line),

, . , 200 . @ 200 < 0 (. 4.7.) .

@ 150 < 3 0

. 4 .6 .

1W Kor

-/

J13.'

: j j : : _ : []: 200

, Q ^I:[: __line ?I [ @ { [*:

.___- -~ -- ___ j | [

. 4 .9 .

4.4. .

- , , . ( ) , () .

4.5. , . (. 4.10), :

(Absolute) .

(Off) . , .

(Relative)

......................................................................

. , , .

(Geographic) , .

. [ / ] :

. 4 .1 0 .

( ) .

, (. 4.11).

. 4 .1 1 .

AutoCAD . , , .

. , :

Coords off: :

, . . Line () \ / \ . , .

Line (), - . . :Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: [/]:

. . , , , . .

4.6.

, , , . . , , . .

. :

F7;

| (GRID) ;

(Tools) (Drafting Settings) , (Snap and Grid), (F7) (Grid On (F7));

( _grid) (X) [// /// //] : ( _) , ( _off) .

(), ^. 4.12. - X,

.....................................................................................................................

Y. , 10, , .

, , , . - , , .

, , , .. 4 .1 2 .

*

ii 3D i < i >

(F9J

:

Y:

] X Y

(*)

0 (F7)

:

2D

noX:

Y:

:

*

! 0

]

0

[__2L-J LiSggfL. 4.13. (Drafting Settings).

(Snap and Grid)

m m

, (Tools) (Drafting Settings).

(Drafting Settings), (Snap and Grid) (. . 4.13) X (Grid X Spacing), X, Y (Grid Y Spacing) Y. AutoCAD , . AutoCAD 2012 . (.4.13) AutoCAD 2012 (Grid style). , , :

2D (2D model space) - ;

(Block editor) - ;

(Sheet/layout) - .

(Grid behavior) . , (Adaptive grid) , , . (Display grid beyond Limits) , . , ( , - ).

4 .

20.00 ( X Y 20).

:

(Tools) (Drafting Settings).

(Drafting Settings), (Snap and Grid), 20 X X (Grid X Spacing). 20 Y Y (Grid Y Spacing).

................................................................................ )

_J

# * W ei

30 . fF-9)

>4

no V:

(F7}

:

2D

X: 20

Tiffi

0

;

0

[ 3

( 3

CD

. /

. 4 .14.

2.

, , . (GRID) , . .

. 4.15. 20

(Line) - . (. 4.15).

10.

4.7. AutoCAD 2012 . , , , (. . 4.16).

, - , , . . . .

,

3 (DYN) AutoCAD F12 . . ( ), .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5.1.

5 . 1 . 1 . ( )

(Line) , . , . , . , , .

( ), , PLine (), (. . 6 . 1).

(Line) :

(Draw) ;

(Draw) (Line);

: line ( ).

, , ( ), Enter.

(Line) (. 3.1). . :

Specify first point: :

. , . , , . 4.

, . (Line) . . (Line), Enter Esc.

(Line) :

(Undo) - ;

(Close) - , . , .

5 . 1 . 2 . ( )

, : , , . . , .

AutoCAD , : (XLine) - (Ray) - . (XLine) -

, . Ray () , - , .

. X L in e ( ) .

(XLine) :

(Draw) -> (Construction Line);

Draw () ( );

: _xline.

(XLine) :

Command: _xline Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: : _xline [////]:

() , , . - . , . :

Specify through point: :

, , . , (XLine) , , , . .

, (. 5.1). Enter.

..................................................................................................................... f g )

%+ -! *

M !

[: _ x l in e [/ / / / ]: [ :| :

. 5.1.

X L in e ( )

(XLine) , . .

() - . , .

(Ver) - , .

(Ang) - , . , . :

Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference] (0) [ ]:

:

- , AutoCAD , .

Reference (). (), . , , , ( , ).

(Bisect) - , . , :1. Specify angle vertex point:

:2. Specify angle start point:

:3. Specify angle end point:

:

(Offset) - . :

Specify offset distance or [Through] : [] :

:

- . , .

, .

, . , ,

. .

5 .