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В. Г. Концевич Твердотельное моделирование машиностроительных изделий в Autodesk Inventor Москва z СанктПетербург z Киев 2007

Твердотельное моделирование машиностроительных изделий в Autodesk Inventor

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. . AutodeskInventor z z 2007101..AutodeskInventor....,:,,2007.672.ISBN5937721888ISBN5940743722Autodesk Inventor . Autodesk Inventor . , , , , , , . , Inventor , . . : , , CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM, , . , , , Autodesk Inventor R5R7, Series, Professional.681.3.06(075)32.973.2 , ., , . , . , . , , . ...,2007ISBN5937721888 , 2007,2007ISBN5940743722 ,2007101681.3. 06(075) 32.973.2 ......................................................................15 1. Inventor ........................................... 49 2. .................. 101 3. ............................... 175 4. ............................... 227 5. .................................... 303 6. .... 374 7. , ................................................ 417 8. ...................................................... 466 9. .................. 530 10. , ..................................................... 579 11. 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(, , ) (, , /). ;V . AIP /. . , ;V . " ", . : . , . , ;V . :,. , , . AIP , . , ;V . .,, 27, ;V .AIP . . ;V . . , , , , . .;V Inventor. , . IDF. (PCB) Intermediate DataFormat (IDF) 2 3 . . ANSYS DesignSpace. 2003 . Autodesk AIP7(Inventor7Mechanical Desktop 2004), AIS7; AIP7 AIS7, . AIP7 . . "" . Inventor, ,, . ISO,ANSI,DINJIS.. PCF:V . , , . . 28. , . , .V . AIP . , Inventor, . , . , ,,. (). , .V . , , . . .V . . , .V . ISO, ANSI, DIN JIS., AIP, . , , .V . ( ) , .V . . .V . , : 29 , 45 90, ; ; , ; , (); ; , .V .V . ,. , . , , .V .V . . , .V ( , , .) . , , . "IDF"(IntermediateDataFormat)IDF( ), , . :V PCB.IDFInventor: , 30 , , ;V . , , ;V . . Inventor ,.Inventor . "IDF" ,, , , .AIS9(Inventor9,MechanicalDesktop2005,Vault 3, MechaniCS 4.5). Inventor 9: :V ;V ;V : , , Z ;V : , , , . . ( ) (, ) , . , :V ,, "" . , :;INVENTOR 10 31V , . . , , , . ,, /. :V ;V , ;V , , . . , , , , , . , . . , " / ". , ( ) , . ,, , . . . , , iMates, , . 32 : , , , . . , , , , . . () . , . . 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Autodesk Inventor Studio ., , , . : ("").V , .V / DWG, IGES, STEP . 37V .V . .V ( , , ), .V .V AutoCAD2004/2005/2006 DWG.V , , , , .,ANSYS, . . , . ANSYS DesignSpace. ,,HTML. , , . Inventor 10 : . :V : , ,V 3 ,V 3 2 , 38V . . :V , ,V ,V , . , (, . .). ,. ( ) . . AutodeskInventor10AutoCADMechanical2006. AutoCAD Mechanical 2006 Inventor 10, , AutoCAD Mechanical 2006 .Inventor10 AutoCAD Mechanical 2006. . , , . , , : , , . , . , , . . , , , , , , , . 3D . . , . . . 39 .IGESSTEP 3 , . , . AutodeskMechanicalDesktop2006.MechanicalDesktop , Inventor 10. . , , , . . . . :V ,V ,V ,V , ,V ,V Autodesk Inventorr Professional. . ., , :V AutoCAD, Autodesk Mechanical Desktop Autodesk Inventor,V ,V ,V IGES STEP,V DWF,V DWG,V Autodesk Vault. Autodesk Inventor Studio. .Inventor Series 10 , .AIS 10 :INVENTOR SERIES 10 40V AutodeskInventor1023 ;V AutoCAD Mechanical 2006, AutoCAD 2006 2 . DWG,V Autodesk Vault 2006 . AIS 10 :V ,V , ,V ,V ,V .InventorAutodesk Inventor . Autodesk , " ", . Autodesk , Inventor . Autodesk "AutodeskInventor"(AutodeskInventorCertifiedApplicationsProgramAICAP).AutodeskAICAP : , , , . ,AICAP,Inventor., , , 3 , Inventor. AICAP Inventor. 3 . Autodesk Developer Network(ADN) Autodesk Mechanical Applications Initiative (MAI).V ADN 2000 Autodesk ; , . Inventor EDM/PDM, SAP. 41V MAI Autodesk , ., (, , , . .). MSC.Software, ANSYS Inc., SRAC, MSC.Software, Structural Research andAnalysis Corporation, ALGOR Inc., NC Micro, SmarTeam Inc., Pathtrace Inc, CyscoSoftware MDI. OPENMIND,NCMicroproductsPathtrace.MAIInventor , , , . Inventor , , . Inventor (CAD/CAM/CAE), , , (,.), . V ACADStahl Inventor (Schaefer Computer GmbH)V IDF Interface for Inventor (LatimerCAD)V iPCB (CAD Gems, Inc.)V iViews (CAD Gems, Inc.)V MechaniCS (Consistent Software)V Trace Parts 3D (Trace Software SA)V MechMasterV Copra MetalBender Analyseri (data M Software GmbH)V Copra MetalBender TDi (data M Software GmbH)V ProFab Elite (Applied Production, Inc.)V radan2002 (Radan Computational Limited) V IDF Interface for Inventor (LatimerCAD)V Inventor/IDF PCB Modeler (Desktop EDA)V iPCB (CAD Gems, Inc.) 42 V ALGOR Finite Element Analysis (ALGOR, Inc.)V ALGOR InCAD Designer (ALGOR, Inc.)V ALGOR Mechanical Event Simulation (ALGOR, Inc.)V CFdesign (Blue Ridge Numerics, Inc.)V COSMOS/DesignSTAR (Structural Research & Analysis Corp.)V COSMOS/EMS (Structural Research & Analysis Corp.)V Dynamic Designer Motion Professional(MSC.Software Corporation)V MSC.visualNastran 4D (MSC.Software Corporation)V Resinate Materials Analysis (Resinate Corporation)V Working Model 2D (Lista Studio srl)V Working Tyre Model (Lista Studio srl) V ESPRIT (DP Technology Corp.)V FeatureCAM (FeatureCAM Engineering Geometry Systems)V GibbsCAM (Gibbs and Associates)V Mastercam (CNC Software Inc.)V ProFab Elite (Applied Production, Inc.)V SolidCAM (SolidCAM CADTECH) ()V MechaniCS (Consistent Software) V TechnologiCS (Consistent Software)V MechMasterV IPA Professional(Immersive Design, Inc.)V Presenter (Digital Immersion Software Corp.)V SpinFire Enterprise (ACTIFY, INC)V SpinFire Professional(ACTIFY, INC)V Autodesk Inventor PDM Assistant (Integrated Engineering Solutions, Inc.)V IDECS (AproTec International Limited)V COMPASS 2000 easy (AIM systems GmbH)V COMPASS 2000 pro (AIM systems GmbH) 43V DBInventor (Mechworks SRL)V Design Manager (Curve Design Solutions)V eChange Solutions (Entrada Software, Inc.)V eMatrix Integration for Autodesk Inventor (The Van Der Roest Group, Inc.)V GAIN EDM System (GAIN Software GmbH)V Synergis Adept (Synergis Technologies, Inc.)V SmartDesk (SmarTeam Corporation Ltd.)V SmartInventor (SmarTeam Corporation Ltd.)V SmarTeam (SmarTeam Corporation Ltd.)V TechnologiCS (Consistent Software) [ad]V truEIso.View (truEInnovations, Inc.)V truEVault(truEInnovations, Inc.)V Web@PDM (Logotec Engineering S.A.)V WTC ProductCenter (Workgroup Technology Corporation), V CADporter (Elysium Inc.)V VRMLout Translator for Inventor (CAD Studio) V InventorPlot (65 nord ab)V Metrix Build!IT (MAYA Metrix)V truEIso.View (truEInnovations, Inc.) : MechaniCS Inventor Consistent Software. , . MechaniCS . , " ", , . , . COPRA MetalBender Inventor (, , . .), . Inventor Copra MetalBender, DataM. 44 , ( ) . ,, : , , . , : . :V TDi. , , , , . COPRA MetalBender TDi , , . Inventor, (, ). , : , . , , , . .; ( ). , ; , , ; .V Analyseri.. , , CMB TDI, . . : , DIN.DWG/DXF/SAT (ACIS), Inventor AutoCAD, . DWG/DXF . 45 Dynamic Designer (DD). . , . Inventor . , , .:, . , ( , ). , , . Inventor, . :V . . , ( ).V . , , , .V . Cosmos/DesignSTAR(CDS).Cosmos/DesignSTAR Inventor Launch Cosmos/DesignSTAR( Cosmos/DesignSTAR). Inventor , . CDS ,: , , (,,). CAD CDS , 46. , , . , Cosmos/DesignSTAR , :V ( );V () ;V ;V , . ;V ;V ;V .DesignSpace.() , DesignSpace ANSYS,Inc. , , ISO 9001. , , . Dynamic Designer Motion DesignSpace. . : ; ; ;;; ( ); , . :V DesignSpace Explorer . , .V Stress Wizard . (, , , ), ( , , ) .V Vibration Wizard . . 47V ShapeWizard. .V Web Report . , , ( , , . .). *.html Web.V AdvancedControls()ANSYS .V Shell Elements (). , .V Fatigue. . ( ). Inventor . CADALYST . 1 Inventor, , . 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WindowsCTRL+C CTRL+N CTRL+O CTRL+P CTRL+S CTRL+V CTRL+Y ,Undo()CTRL+Z Undo() InventorF1 F2 F3 /F4 F5 InventorB C D E F H Hole()L O P R S ,T 1 72 ESC DELETE BACKSPACE Line()ALT+ , CTRL+SHIFT /SHIFT+ ,SHIFT+ .CTRL+ENTER Rotate() , ., . .SHIFT+. , Inventor, . ,:ENTER/RETURN, NUM LOCK, TAB, BACKSPACE, CAPS LOCK, DELETE, SCROLLLOCK,PRINTSCREEN,PAUSE/BREAK,ESCAPE,NUM,ENTER,WINDOWS, (, , , ), . ALT AZ 10, Windows. ALT+CTRL+ . . SHIFT+, . . Inventor , , . Inventor 73 : , . 1.15, Inventor. , .V , Inventor;V ;V ;V , : , ; , ;V , :. 1.15. . 1 74 / , : ,/ ; , ; , , , . . (. 1.16), :V , : , , , ;V . ;V ;V ;V . ;. 1.16. . Inventor 75V Inventor;V . , , ;V ;V ;V ("");V .xml. (.1.17), .. 1.17. . 1 76V , ;V , ; , ; , . .xml . .xml, . Inventor. , Inventor. . :1. /.2. .3. .4. .5. . :l ;l SHIFT,CTRL,ALT,,. ALT SHIFT CTRL. ALT .6. ENTER .7. .8. DELETE BACKSPACE. 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Inventor :V ,V ,V . . . .2 2 (. 1.20) / /2 . , , . . . : . , / . , , , . : , . . , .. 1.20. 2 Inventor 85 , . . . : ( ). . : , , . : . : 2 .. : 3 , . . . , , , . / . : , . ,, . , . . ;V . .. , . . , , . . , :V ;V ; 1 86V . 120 . . . . . . . . . . ,. , . , . . . ,., , . , , . . , . . . , , . . SHIFT. . ,. . . Inventor 87 . , , . , , . SHIFT. . , . . . . . . , . , .V , 90;V ;V , , , . , ;V . ,, , ;V , , . , ;V ,. ; 1 88V . , X ;V , Y ;V ;V , .() . ;V . . , . , , . , , . DELETE. ( ), , . . , . . .V . ( , , , ) ;V . Inventor 89 , . , . . . .V , . . , / , . AutoCAD , AutoCAD. :V ,V , , ,V ,,, ,V , , ,V . . . ,. . (. 1.21) 2 3 . X, Y, Z. 0,0,0, .,., 1 90. . /. () . . . , , , . . , , . , Relative Origin. , . . , X. . . , . ., . , . , . X Y . , . , . , .V XY ;V X< X;V Y< ;. 1.21. Inventor 91V D< . . 1.22. . . . . . . . . . . ; ( U, ). . . .. 1.22. 1 92 . . . ( ). , , NPT . , . . . , . ( ). ( ). , . . ( ) . , . . , . . N , ., , . , ( ). , 2 . . , , . , , . ,. . . / . Inventor 93 , . ( , Word Excel) . . . . , . , , . . ,, . . , , , 3 . :V , . 3 /;V , . . 3 /. , . , . , , . , . . / , /. . . , . 1 94 , /. . , , . . , , . .(.1.23) , ,. , . "" . ., , . "" .. 1.23. Inventor 95 . / / . /. , ,. . . . , . , . . , , . . / / . , , . . , , , , . . , , 3 , , . . V 1/4 ,V 1/2 ,V 1/3 , ,V . 1 96 , , . ,, . , , , 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ,:,,,, , . , . ( IPN), , , . . . Inventor 97 (. 1.24) . . . , . ,. . , , .(.1.25) . , ; , , . ,. .; ; , , . . . , , . .. 1.24. . 1.25. 1 98 ,, , . . . () . . ,.. . ., , . .,, . . .(.1.26) . , .,, , . . . . ( ). , . V ;V ;V , ;V . Inventor 99 . . . . . ANSI . V ;V ;V ;V ;V . . ..1.26. 1 100 . , . , .V ;V , ;V . V . .V . . V ;V . . , , . , . 2 , , . Inventor , .Inventor , . , . , . , . / , , .Inventor, (, , ), ( , , ..),. . 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(. 2.5).V //, , / , .V , .V .V .,, , :V . .V .V .V .V 8 .. 2.5. 117 .1. /.2. . l . ;l , , . ;l , , . ;l . ;l , . ;l , . .1. / .2. . l /, ;l . .1. / .2. . .1. / .2. . . . 2 1181. .2. .3. . . .V . . , : , ; , .V , . .V . , .V . . .V . .V . . , , .V . , .V .,,, . 119V , .V .,. , .V . , , ,.. . , , , , . , , , .V . ,, .V . , .V . ( ), .V . , (, ), . , , , . Inventor.V . .,. . , , .V . , , . 2 120V ., , . , . .V . , . , , . .V ., , . . .V . , ., .V , .V . , .V ( ). .V . .V , , . , , .V . , , Inventor , . 121V . . .V SHIFT . , , SHIFT.V ,. CTRL, , .V . SHIFT .V . ,CTRL .V .,.V .,.,. . , , . ,, , .. / . , . , . , . 2 122, . , : ,,. , . .., , . . , . , . .1. .2. . .3. / 2 .4. , .5. :l , ;l ,. ;l , .6. . ( ). , , , .1. .2. .3. DELETE . 123 , , ,. , , , ( ) . , . ,. .1. .2. .3. ., . .4. ., . .5. .23c, . . , ( , , , , ) . . . . . . . . . 2 124V , , , , .V , , , , .V , . .V .V , , : . ; / ; ; ; ,, ; , Alt,, .V , , . : ; ; , . 1.0 0.5 2.0.V , , : ; ; 125 . , , . , ., . /,., . , , ., . (. 2.6). . . :V , . , , ( 1 )., 2 . . ;V .. ;. 2.6. 2 126V (). ;V . , . . . . AutoCAD AutoCAD. . . () . . . . . ( 1) , ( 100) . . , .1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .33,:,.3 3 , , 2 2 . 127 3 :V 3. , ;V , 3 3 . . . 3 .1. 3, . 2 , .2. :l , .l .3. 3 . .4. 3 .5. . .6. .3 :V ;V ;V , ;V , ;V , , . 1.0, 0.5 2.0. 3 :V . 2 128V .V , . .V AutoCAD,AutoCAD. ; ; ; ; ; ; /,. . ( 1 ). , 2 , 0.5 . . , . /, :V ( ) ( ), ,,.,, , ;V . , . . . ( ). . 129 /,. , , . :V ;V / ;V , . . , , .,, , , : , . , . : .,; , . .1. .2. . . , . , , . , .3. .4. . .5. .6. , .7. . 2 130 .1. .2. .. , .3. , , , . , :V . , , . ,(), ;V . , ., , ;V . . (). ;V / , . . .1. .2. , .3. , , , . , .4. :l ; 131l .5. ., .6. ESC . ( ) . . . :V . , . , , ;V . , . . . , , ./(120) . (. 2.7), :V , ;V , ;V , . ( ), . , . , ( . . ), ( ), , , , , (. 2.7. 2 132 ). ; . :V ;V , ;V , . . / , . , . .1. .2. , .3. . .4. , . .5. . .6. .7. ESC . : , , . . , . 2 , . 2.8.. 2.8. 2 133V , ;V ;V , : / ; / . 1 2; /. .1. .2. :l ;l ;l , .3. :l ;l 1 2;l .4. , .5. .6. . (, , ,, , ) , . , , , ( ). . ,. : 2 134V ;V ;V . , ;V , . , ;V ;V , . , , . .(,,, ) ( ) . , . :V ;V , . , ;V ;V , . , , . SHIFT. .,.. , . . : 135V ;V . .1. .2. , .3. , .4. CTRL , .5. .6. , . , , , . , ., . . . , . , . . .1. , .2. ,.3. . .4. , .: . 2 136, . ,,. . . . (.2.9),.V , , .V .V , .V , .V . 360 ( ). .V , , : , , . . . , ; , . , . , . 2.9. 137 , . ; , ., . , . (. 2.10), .V , , .V 1 , , , .V .V , .V , .V . .V 2 , , .2.10. 2 138, . 1.V , , . .V , , . . . , .V ,. . .V ., . , . .1. .2. .3. , .4. .5. , .6. :l , . ;l , ;l , . ,, , .7. . . 1391. .2. .3. ., .4. .5. .6. ., . .7. :l , . ;l , ;l , . , , , .8. OK . , ,. . . :V / (, ). , . , Continue .V . , , . . 2 140 . Dimension (). .1. .2. . , .3. .4. , .5. ,, . .6. , . ,,,, . , . , . . . ( ). . , , , . , :V . ; 141V , ;V .,. . , . , . . :V . ;V . 2 . , . , , , , . .1. , , .2. .3. . , , .4. , .5. ESC ., . . 2 142 .1. , , , , , .2. .3. ,. , , . , , , , .4. . . ., . , .,, .,, .(.2.11) , .V ;V , ;V , ;V , ;V . .1. .. 2.11. 1432. , / .3. , .4. .5. .6. . , , ,. , , .(.2.12), .V ;V ;V , , ;V ;V . .1. .2. , .3. , .4. .5. , . .. 2.12. 2 144, , . , . , . .1. .2. DELETE . DELETE.Inventor( ). , , , .V .V .V DELETE . (, ) , . . . , . , . , . . ( ) . , ,,. , .. . 145 , . , () ( ). . , , , . , . ; , ,., , ., . :V . , , ;V , . , . ,(). , . . . . , , .. , , . . . , , .,. , ,. , 2 146,. . , , ,., , . Inventor , . . . . , . , ,. . . , , , .,,. , , .,,,. , () . . , ., , ., . ., CTRL, . Inventor (. 2.13):. 2.13. 147V , , . , , , ;V , , , , . .V . ., , , .V . ,CTRL .V . , , .V , , . , .V .V ,,. .V . , .V . , , , (, D1*2).V . , ., Y 2 148(,,)Y. . , , ( ), . , . .1. .2. , .3. , , .4. , . , , ., , X X. . .1. .2. , .3. , , .4. , . X Y .1. .2. .3. .4. , X Y.5. , . 149 ; CTRL . . , , , . , 2 . , , . . .1. .2. .3. .4. , .5. , . . ,. , . .1. .2. .3. .4. , .5. , . , . 2 150, . , .,. .1. .2. , .3. .4. , .5. , . . , , ( ),.,,, , , , . .1. .2. .3. .4. , .5. , . , , . . , ,,. 151 , , ,,,, ., . .1. .2. , .3. , .4. ESC . , . , , . , . , , , . :V ;V ;V ;V , , ;V . .1. .2. .3. .4. , . 2 152 , , , , CTRL, ( , , ) , , . , / ./,. , ,/, /. .1. .2. (, ).3. .4. ,.5. , . , , ,. . () . . . , . , 153. , :V , , ;V , ;V , ;V ;V ;V , . , . . .1. .2. , , .3. , .4. , . . , . , , . . .1. .2. .3. .4. .5. . 2 1546. ESC . , 23, . . , . .1. .2. , , .3. , . , , .4. DELETE, .5. , . , ., . , . , , . , , , . , , ,.,,., , , . 155, . , ; . , . , , ., , . . :V . ;V (. 2.14), .. 2.14. . 2 156,, . , . ,, . . . ., . . ..V , . , .V , , . . . , ; ; ; ; ; . ; . ., Inventor (, ANSI ISO). ; 157 . ( ). , , .V . . . .V , ./.V , .V , , , . , . (. 2.15), ( ), .. 2.15. . 2 158V , : , , , , : , , , , , ;V . ;V ;V , , . . : , ( ). . : , , , , . (, ). , . , . , . . , : 159V , .,, .V , . , , .V d , Inventor . d , . . , . , . . . . Inventor . , . . , . Inventor . .V . . , .V . , . .V . . .. . , ., . 2 160, . , , , .V , . . (), . ,, , . . :V , ;V . . ., , , . Inventor : , , , . , , :V (, , ), ;V ( ). , , ( ) , . . . :V ;V ;V ;V ; 161V ;V ;V ;V ;V ;V . , . :V ( );V ;V ;V . , , , . :V , , ;V , . ;V ( );V , . .1. .2. . , :l ;l , ;l / .,, / /;l . 2 1623. .4. , .5. , .6. . , :V , , ;V , , ;V . ( ) / . , . . . . . , . ,, . . . (. 2.16), . 163V .V , .V , .V , , . , .V .V .V . , .1. .2. ,.3. . , .4. .5. . , , , . .6. .7. , .8. . , . , .2.16. 2 164. , . . , , . . , .().. ,.,, . . , , , . . . , . (, D1*2). . , ., . , .1. .2. .3. .4. , . .1. :l , ;l , . 1652. ,,, .3. . .1. .2. . , .3. .4. ,, , .5. .6. .,.. . . , , . , . , , , . , .1. . .2. :l .l . (, ).l .l , .3. OK. 2 166 .1. . .2. . .3. . .4. : .5. , (, ).6. . , .7. , .8. OK, .:1. / :l . ;l .2. l , ;l : , . .1. /.2. . . , .3. . .4. .5. , . 167 . .1. .2. :l ;l ;l .3. .4. , . . . . , ,. ., , . . .1. .2. .3. :l ;l ;l ;l ;l .,. , , . 2 168 , , , . .doc, .xls , . , :V bmp,, ;V doc WordArt (, );V xls,, . . , . . .,, . , , . . , . . . . . , . .1. 2 .2. .3. , , .4. . .5. . 1696. . . . .7. , .8. .9. , . , .10. , . , .11. , .. . .doc, .xls, .bmp , . .1. .2. . , .3. .3 3 , , , . 2 170.,, . 3 2 . . . , 3 , 3 . 3 ., . 3 . . .3 3.2,3 . 3 , ..3, . , 2 , 3 . 3 . , IGES, 3 . 3 .3 . 3 .1. 3 .2. 3 3 .3. . . 3 .4. , . / , . 1715. 3 , . .6. 3 , . , .7. .8. . 3 . 3 . , , . .1. . .2. . ... , , .3. , .4. . .3.2 , 3 , . , 2 , 3 3 .1. 3 3 .2. 3 :l , ;l . 3 , .3. 3 3 . 3 . 2 1724. , , 3 3 . ,,, . 3 3 . 3 , . 3 .1. 3 3 .2. 3 3 .3. .4. , . .5. 3 , 3 (2 , 3 ).6. ; , . 3 .1. 3 , 3 .l , : /; ; 3 ; OK.l , : / ; ; 3 ; OK.2. 3 . .3. 3 , . 173 3 3 2 .V 3 .V . 3 .V .V ,, . 3 . 3 .1. 3.2. 3 .3. 3 .4. 3 .5. ,3. // . , .6. , .7. , 3 .8. 23. , 2 , 3 .9. ,, . , 3 , , . 2 174 3 .1. 2 , 3 .2. .3. 3,.4. , .5. , , 3 .6. 3 , , . 3 , .7. 3 .8. 3 .9. 2 , .10. , .11. . 3 , . Inventor , . , . , (), . . , . , . ( ),. , . ,(,,,,, . .).Inventor , . , . , . : , , , Fnaea 3 176. , , . . , (. 3.1). , , , . ,, , , . , . , . , , . . :V ,. 3.1. Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 177V , ,V 3 ,V ,V , ,V ,V ,V . , SAT STEP. Inventor .,Inventor . . . , . . 3.1.3.1. . . , ,. .,. . . ( ).. . :V ,V ,Fnaea 3 178V ,V . , , . .,: , , , ( ). . , Inventor. , , , ( ). . ( ), . . , . . , Note (). . . . , , ,., , , ,., , , . , , ,.Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 179 , . , , . , . , . :V , ;V ;V ;V , . , , . . , , , . .V . , . , .V . , , . , . , , .V . , .V . .V ., , .V . , .V .. . , . , .Fnaea 3 180V . .V ... .V . , , .V . , , . .V . .V . .V . .V ., , . .V . .V . . . .V . / . , ,.Standard.ipt Templates . standard.ipt , , . , , . Templates. . . , :V ;Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 181V , ;V , XY, ;V , ;V , ;V ;V ;V , , . .1. , .2. .3. , .4. , , .5. .6. .7. Templates , Templates. , Templates. , , . , , . , . , . .Fnaea 3 182 , . , . , , . , , , . , , . . :V , , . .;V 3 3 ;V , ;V . , ;V ;V . , , , . :V , , ;V , ;V . . , . , , , . , , Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 183 . . . . ( ) . . . ., . , . , . , , . . , , ., . . . . , . ( , ) , . , ,,, , . , ,, . . , , :V ( CTRL );Fnaea 3 184V ;V , ;V , ;V ;V ;V ., , . , , . . . :V ;V 3 /;V , ;V , . , ;V ,.;V ;V . .1. :l ,l (, , ) .2. (, ) .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 1853. . . , .4. . , . , . , , ,,3. . , , (. 3.2). , . :V , (, , ) . (, ) ;V , , ;V , . :V ;V ( );. 3.2. Fnaea 3 186V 3 . . ;V ;V () ;V ;V (), ;V ;V ;V , ;V . , . , . () :V ;V 3 , , . ; . . , , . , . . . , . ,, .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 187 , .V ,. , . ., , .V ,, . , .V , . X, Y Z, . : . ,. , . ; . , . . . , , , . , . :V ;V , 2 3 , ;Fnaea 3 188V ;V ;V 2 3 2 3 ;V , , o , ;V (, , ), , , . .1. .2. , .3. : , , 2 3 . .1. .2. :l , ;l , ;l / (, ,, );l ( , , );l . .1. .2. . :l ,l ,l ,Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 189l . , X, Y Z. , . . .1. . .2. , . ., . ,3/, .3. 3 /.4. .. , X, Y Z . 3 ,3/. ; . .1. .2. .3. . ., ( ). , , 3 , . . :V ,,, ;V ;Fnaea 3 190V ;V , , ;V ,, , . ,, . , . . ( ) . , , . . , "" ( ). :V , . , . .V (, , ) , ( ). .V , .V . .V .,, .V . , .V . .V 3.3.Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 191V , , . , , . .1. .2. :l , , 3 ;l ;l , ;l ( ) , ();l ;l . , , .3. , . , . . , . , . :V ,V ,V ,V ,V ( ) . , , ., (, , ). :Fnaea 3 192V , ,, , ;V ;V , , ., . , . , , , . , , . , ,,,., . , . , , . , ,() . , , . . :V , , ;V ;V ;V . , Inventor , . Inventor (, ). , ( ), Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 193, , , , . , , , "" (F4) . :V (, , ) , X; Y X .V ,,,X . Y X .V (), , , X . Y .V , X .V . (,,,) , , , , .V , .V . , . ., .V . , 90Fnaea 3 194 . , .V . ( ) , , .V . ( ), , ., . , , .V . , , , . .1. .2. , .3. :l ., . .l . , . .l .l . , . , . ., . . . "", Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 195 . ./. , ., , . , , . () . , ( ). . , , . , . . Inventor : , .. , ./. , , , .., . , . , , .1. .2. .3. /.Fnaea 3 1964. / .5. .6. , , / . . . . , : , ..1. .2. . , .3. , , , . , .. , CTRL. ; , . , .. . , . .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 197 : , , .1. .2. . , .3. :l , ;l , . ;l , , . . ;l .4. . , , , ,. .,,,, . : , .1. .2. . , , .3. , .4. .. , . , .Fnaea 3 198, . , , "" , .1. .2. .3. , , , .l : OK, ; ,, OK.l : OK , ; , OK.l : OK , ; , OK. , , . . . , . ,( .sat .step). , , , , . , . ,. . .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 199 "".. . ..,,,,,.() (), : ., ,. :V . , , ;V . ,, , ;V , . , . ;V . , , ;V . ., .V . , .V .V , . .V . , ,. , . ,, .Fnaea 3 200 .1. .2. , , .3. . , CTRL. , . , . . , . . . , , .,, . :V , ;V , , , ;V , ; , , ;V . , . , ( ). . , , .V , . .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 201V .. . ( ) , Inventor. , ,,.. . .. . . , . ,,. , . : ( . 3.3).V . , . , . .. 3.3. Fnaea 3 202V . , . , . , . . ., , . ( ) . . , . , , . , . ( ),, .. , . . , . . . . , , . , , , , , , . . , , , , , . . ., , .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 203 , . . 0 360. ,, ( ), , ( ). (. . ) , , . , , . ( ) :V ; ;V , . .,.:V ,V ,V . . . , , . , . : (. 3.4).V . . , . , . , . . .Fnaea 3 204V . . , , . , . ,. , . , , , . , ,"", . , . . , , . . , . ,,, . . , . 3.4. Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 205. : 2 3 , , , . , , . , . , . , . ., . , , . . ., . , :V ,V ,V . :V ;V , , ;V ;V ;V ;V , , ;V ;V . . ( Fnaea 3 206 90) . , (. 3.5). , . . , . . (), Z, , . , , . , , , ,, . () , . , . :V (), ;V , , , . 3.5. .,.Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 207 , . , , , , , . , . , . :V ,V .,, , , / . , . , . 2 ; ., , , . .1. .2. .3. .4. / .5. . , . , . , . , . Inventor .,, , ,.Fnaea 3 208,, . , , . , , . . , : , , , / ,, .,, . , . : , , . ,, . , . . . , . , : , (. 3.6).V . ( ) , : , ; ( ); . .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 209 . ; . , . . . , CTRL; . . ( ), . .V ,( ): ( ) ( ). ; . , , . .V , (), . . 3.6. . Fnaea 3 210 , . , . . ; ; ,. . .V , . . , , (, , ). : , . , . . ; . . . ; , . ( , ), . , ,, . , , :Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 211 , ; , , . . ; . . .V , .V , , , . . , . , , . , . (. 3.7), .V , . . , .. 3.7. . Fnaea 3 212 . , ; .V , . . , ,/. , : ; . ""; . , . , ., , ., . (),. . . ,,.:V ;V ,. . . .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 213 .1. , . .2. . , .3. , . .4. , . , .5. : . . .6. , . .7. .. l ;l . ;l ;l ;l .8. , ./ .9. OK. . "" , , .Fnaea 3 214(.3.8) ( ) , . : , .V .,, / . CTRL : ; , . ; . , ,,., .V . , . , ( ).. 3.8. Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 215V ( ) ( ). ;V ., , (Split). . , , . , ., .V . . ;V ;V , . . . , . . , .V . ;V 360. , , , . ., . , , . , .Fnaea 3 216 .1. , . , , .2. .3. , .4. , . .5. .6. , . , . , ( ).7. : .8. . .9. . . , . , , (. 3.9).V , , . , . , ,. . .V , 2 3 , . , . Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 217. : 2 3 ( ), ( ). . , . , .V , . 23, (, ); 2 3 ( ), , ( ). .. 3.9. Fnaea 3 218V , : , , .V ,. . , .. .V , . . : ; ; . 2 .V , ( ). 90 , , . 90 ,90. 0.0000001 179.99999.V ,, . , ,, . (010) . , , , , .V .V , . .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 219V ,. ; 0.5 , .V , . , . , , .1. .2. .3. .4. . , , . , , .5. 23, . .6. : .7. .8. , .9. .10. .11. . .12. , . .13. .l , . .Fnaea 3 220l , (0 , 1 ). .14. OK . ()(.3.10) . , . . : , .V . , , ., . CTRL. , , .V . .V , .V , . , . , .. 3.10. Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 221V . , , . , (). . . . , . :V ;V ;V , . . .1. . , , . ( ), , .2. :l , ;l , . .3. .4. . .5. , . , ( ).Fnaea 3 2226. . .7. OK. , , . . ; . ( ), . , , 90 ; 180 . , , ( 360).,, , ( ,). , , , .: . , , . ( ), . () 90 . () 180. ( 360). Inventor : ..()., . , . . , , . : , . , (. 3.11). , .Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 223V , : . , ; . .V ( ). , . : , (. 3.12). , .V (, ): . ;.3.11. . .3.12. . Fnaea 3 224 ; .V .V .V . 0, (., 1.5). .V . . , (. 3.13). , .V / , ..V . , , .V . , . . .1. , ..3.13. . Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue paoux u asoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 2252. .3. :l , ,l , .4. . .5. .l : , , , .l , , . .6. :l , , . ;l . .1. , .2. , , :l ;l , ;l ,, . : , ; , .3. :l ,,;l , , ;Fnaea 3 226l . .4. , . :l ;l ;l ;l ;l , ;l , ;l , : . ; . 4 ,,, , , , , .,, . , , , . . . , , . , . . :V . , ;V . , ;V . , .Fnaea 4 228 ( ), ( ), ( / / ), , . , . , , . , . . , , ,, . , . .Inventor . , . , , . , , . , , , . , , . . , :V , ;V . .(), , , (. 4.1). :Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue funoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 229V , . . . . , . CTRL.V , , . , . , .V , : , , . ; , ,. ; , , , . , .V , , , , . 4.1. Fnaea 4 230 , . , : , ; ., , Delete., . , .1. , .2. .3. , . , .4. () (, ).5. .6. .7. .8. ., .9. OK. (, ) , . , , / () . , , . , . :V ,, , ;Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue funoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 231V , . , , ;V . , . , :V ,, ;V ;V , ;V ;V , ;V ,, , ;V . .,,. , . , , ., , , . , . , . . , . :V , , , . , , ;Fnaea 4 232V , , , . ;V , , , . , ;V , ;V . :V , , , , ;V ,, . , , . , , ,.,,,,.,, , :V , , ;V , ;V , , , , . (. 4.2), . : , :V , , , . , Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue funoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 233. CTRL. , ;V , . ;V , / . : / ; / , (/); / ( ). ;V / . . ;V / . . ;. 4.2. . .Fnaea 4 234V , , , ,,. , , , /; .,, , , . , , , ; . , , . , , ; . , . , , ; , , . , , . , (. 4.3). / , .V , , . . ;Cospauue u pepakfupoeauue funoeLx koucfpykfueuLx sneueufoe 235V (, ), ;V . ;V . , 01, , , . ( ), , ;V ,(). , ( ). , () (. 4.4). . / , .V , , , . ;. 4.3. . .Fnaea 4 236V , , . ;V , , . . .1. .2. .3. .4. .5. , . .6. . .1. .2. .3. .4. . (, ) . , .