醫學術語內分泌系統

(Endocrine System)

Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )Growth hormone

Too much:Before puberty: gigantismAfter puberty: acromegaly

Too less:Drawfism

Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )Prolactin

Too much:HyperprolactinemiaProlactinomaGalactorrheaAmenorrheaGynecomastia

Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )ACTH

Too much:Cushing diseaseCushing syndrome Moon faceAcneBuffalo humpAmenorrheaPurple abdominal striae

Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 ) ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

Too much: SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic h

ormone secrection) Hyponatremia

Too less DI (Diabetes insipidus) Urine osmolarity Hypernatremia

Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )PanhypopituitarismPituitary apoplexySheehan’s syndromeHypogonadism

Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 ) Eating disorder

Anorexia nervosa Bulimia Nausea Vomiting Acid regurgitation Abdominal pain Abdominal fullness Early satiety

Thyroid gland T3 T4 TSH Free T4

Thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism

Exophthalmos Palpitation Tachycardia Hand tremor Graves’ disease Thyroid storm Antithyroid drug Thyroidectomy

Thyroid gland Hypothyroidism

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Autoimmune thyroiditis Autoantibody Myxedema coma Cretinism Thyroxine

Thyroid gland Goiter

Diffuse goiter Nodular goiter Multinodular goiter Thyroid cyst

Thyroid gland Thyroid sonography

=Thyroid echo Thyroid puncture Fine needle aspiration Thyroid scan

Thyroid gland Thyroid cancer (carcinoma)

Papillary cancer Follicular neoplasm

Follicular adenoma Follicular cancer

Medullary cancer Anaplastic cancer

Radioactive iodide I-131 (Iodide one-thirty-one)

Parathyroid gland Hyperparathyroidism

Hypercalcemia Hypophosphatemia

Hypoparathyroidism Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Chvostek’s sign Trausseau’s sign Tetany

Adrenal gland Cortex

Cushing syndrome Conn’s disease Addison’s disease

=Primary adrenal insufficiency Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

Medulla Pheochromocytoma

醫學術語新陳代謝

(Metabolism)

Pancreas Exocrine function Endocrine function

Pancreas B(eta) cell Islet cell Islet transplantation Pancreas transplantation Insulin Insulin resistence

Diabetes Mellitus Definition

Fasting sugar Postprandial sugar OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) IFG (impaired fasting glucose) IGT (impaired glucose tolerance)

Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms

3PPolyuriaPolyphagiaPolydipsia

Body weight loss

Diabetes Mellitus Classification

T1DM T2DM Secondary DM GDM (Gestational DM)

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 DM (T1DM, T1D)

=Insulin dependent diabetes =Juvenile onset diabetes

Type 2 DM (T2DM, T2D) =Non-insulin dependent diabetes =Adult onset diabetes

Diabetes MellitusAcute complication

HypoglycemiaCold sweatingPlpitationDizzinessComa

Diabetes MellitusAcute complication

HyperglycemiaDKA (Diabetic ketoacidosis)HHNK (Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non

ketotic coma)HHS (Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndr

ome)

Diabetes MellitusChronic complication

MicroangiopathyDiabetic retinopathyDiabetic nephropathyDiabetic neuropathy

Diabetes MellitusChronic complication

MicroangiopathyDiabetic retinopathy

Background diabetic retinopathy Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Vitreous hemorrhage Blindness

Diabetes MellitusChronic complication

MicroangiopathyDiabetic nephropathy

Microproteinuria Macroproteinuria Nephrotic syndrome Uremia End stage renal disease Hemodialysis

Diabetes MellitusChronic complication

MicroangiopathyDiabetic neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy Autonomic neuropathy Neurogenic bladder

Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication

Macroangiopathy Cerebrovascular disease

Stroke Cerebral infarction Cerebral hemorrhage

Coronary artery disease Angina pectoris Unstable angina Acute myocardial infarction

Peripheral vascular disease Diabetic foot

Diabetes MellitusTreatment

Life style modificationDiet controlExercise

MedicationOHA (oral hypoglycemic agent)=OAD (oral antidiabetic agent)Insulin injection

Obesity Ideal body weight Overweight Obesity Morbid obesity

Obesity Body mass index (BMI) Body fat Waist circumference Hip circumference W/H ratio

Obesity Treatment

Life style modification Diet control Exercise

Medication Orlistat (Xenicol) Sibutramine (Reductil)

Surgery Bariatric surgery

Gout Gout Gouty arthritis Uric acid Hyperuricemia Tophi Podagra Purine