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أبو يحيى النحوي
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3
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: John Philoponus)) .
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(Christian Wildberg)
(1) . ((John Philoponus
(2) (3) .
.
( ) .
.
(4).
(5).
(1) :
John Philoponus, Against Aristotle, on the Eternity of the World, fragments assembled and translated into English by Christian Wildberg, London: Duckworth, 1987.
(2) . (3)
. : John Philoponus, Against Proclus On the Eternity of the World 1-5, translated by Michael Share, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005; , Against Proclus On the Eternity of the World 6-8, translated by Michael Share, London: Duckworth, 2005; , Against Proclus On the Eternity of the World 9-11, translated by Michael Share, London: Duckworth, 2010; , Against Proclus On the Eternity of the World 12-18, translated by James Wilderding, Ithaca, NewYorl: Cornell University Press, 2006.
(4) . :
Pierre Duhem, Le systme du monde. Histoire des doctrines cosmologiques de Platon Copernic, Paris: Hermann, 1913 ; Ernest Moody, Gallileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment,
5
.
.
( ) . - -
(6). ( ) .
1987 (Richard Sorabji)
( )(7).
Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 12, 2, 1951, pp. 163-193, pp. 375-422; Jean De Groot, Aristotle and Philoponus on Light, New York &London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991.
" " . (5) :
Herbert A. Davidson, John Philoponus as a Source of Medieval Islamic and Jewish Proofs of Creation, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 89. 2, 1969, p. 357-58; Proofs for Eternity, Creation and the Existence of God in Medieval Islamic and Jewish Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1987; J. Kraemer, A Lost Passage from Philoponus Contra Aristotelem in Arabic Translation, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 85, (1965), pp. 322-323.
" " 31 2011 197-231
(6) . (7) :
R. Sorabji (ed.), Philoponus and the Rejection of Aristotelian Science, Cornell University Press: Ithaca, New York 1987.
1983 . : 18 /
2013 (Valerie Cordonier .)
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.
( ) : . . ( )(8)
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) .
: . ..
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.
.
(8) : : :
Muhsin Mahdi, The Arabic text of Alfarabis against John Grammarian, in Medieval and Middle Eastern Studies, in Honor of Aziz Suryal Atiya, edited by Sami A. Hanna, Leiden: Brill, 1972.
: . : 2 1400/1980.
(9) 1974.
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(10) .
(11) Philoponus, Against Aristotle, on the Eternity of the World, op. cit., p. 41.
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(12).
[ 6-8] (1 .2 26826-2692)
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(eccentrics and epicycles) .
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( eccentrics .) ( the epicycle )
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(12) 41 (13) 45
11
[ 9-17] .
. (1 .2 2697-18)
. (1 .3 34032-3413 1 .4) (34122-24 34411-13)
. (: 97 20 21 1-25 35 12-20 51 5-28 2 21-29).
.( 9-17 ) .
. (14).
[ 18-33]
(1 .2 26918-28)
.(18.)
.(19-24 ) .(25-32.)
(14) 46-47
11
[ 19-34]
(: .32 .) .( 22.)
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[ 35-33]
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( . ) .( 29-32 .)
(15).
[ 33-36]
: . (1 .2) ( 2699-18)
( 26932-6). : .
.( 36)(16).
(15) 50-51 (16) 55
13
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( 1 .3 26918-27012) .
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[ 37-44] .
.(37-39 .) .
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[ 53-55]
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[ 56-61]
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(23) 69 (24) 73 (25) 77
15
[ 63-63]
(. 1 .3 207a 12-22) .
(agenetos)(26).
[ 64-73]
(1 .3 270a 12-22) (1) ( enantion) (2 ) .(1 )
(1 .7-9) (hupokeimeno) (hul) ( streis)
(morph ; eidos .) (antikeimena) ( enantia)
. (1 .4)
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64-72 . . : // /
( steresis) : / .( 65)
. ( 67) ( : atomoi ousia)
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(26) 77
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( 69)
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(27).
[ 73-76]
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[ 77-81]
phainomena)) (: 1.3 27b1-25) .
. . .
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(29).
5
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(27) 79 (28) 87 (29)
88-89
17
(1 4)
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[ 81-86]
(: . 1 .3 270 18-20) :
(1 ) .
(2 ) (27019.) ( . 1 .4).
( .81-85) .
. (1 ) .(82-83 .)
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.(86)(31).
[ 87-89]
( . 1 .4 27032-2715).
(30) 92 (31)
92
18
.(87 .( .)88-89 )
(32).
[ 91-91]
( .1 .4 27035 ) (koilos) (kurtos) .
(33) .
[93-93]
( . 1 .4 2715-10) : (
.)
.
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.
(32) 99 (33) 102
19
.( 93)(34).
[ 94-111]
( . 1 .4 27110-)13 :
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.( 96-100)(35).
[ 111]
( . 1 .4 27113-)19 :() () () () .()
(34) 103-104 (35) 106-107
31
() () () () () .(36).
[ 113-114]
(. 1 .4 271 19-22) :
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102 .) .( 103 .) .
( .104) (37).
(36) 113 (37) 114-115
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[ 115-117]
( .1 .4 271 22-33) :
( maten .) .:
( . 6-8 .)
.(105) .( 106 .)
.( 107)(38).
6
( 8 .1 .)
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[ 118-113] (8 .1 251 9 ) (energeia )
(251 10-23) .
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(38) 119 (39) 122
33
( : 1 ) (2 ) (3 )
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.( 109 .) .( 110 .)
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[ 114-116]
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.( 115 .) .(
116)(41).
[ 117-131] . . (8 1
251 5-10)
(40) 122-123 (41) 128
33
.
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.(119-120)(42).
[ 131-133]
. (8 1 251 10-28) . :
: (251 10) .
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.( 121 .) .( 122)(43).
[ 133-134]
( . 8 1 251 14-19) .
(42) 131 (43) 133
34
. (44).
[ 135-136]
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( . 8 1 251 19-28) . : (45).
[ 137-131]
( . 8 1 251 28-2525.)
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(44) 137 (45) 139 (46) 140
35
- - :
(47).
(47) 143
36