Reham Z. Hamza, Mohammad S. AL-Harbi

(MSG) (vit E) MSG Wistar 150-200 g 12 10 2, 3 4 MSG 3 (, ) (6, 17.5 60 mg/kg BW) 5 6 vit E () (150 200 mg/kg) 7 8 () (0.25 1 mg/kg) 30 9 10 MSG () vit E 11 12 MSG () lipid peroxidation SOD, CAT GPx vit E MSG lipid peroxidation SOD, CAT, GPx vit E MSG vit E MSG 1.

(MSG) MSG MSG

MSG 78% 22% MSG MSG MSG , ,

: MSG Monosodium Glutamate, vit E vitamin E, SOD superoxidedismutase, CAT catalase, MDA malondialdhyde, GPx glutathione peroxidase

MSG , ,, , MSG , , atopic dermatitis, , MSG oligozoospermia dose-dependent ( MSG ) Wistar

lipidperoxidation vit E oxidation vit E lipid peroxidation lipid vit E peroxidation lipidmembrane lipid peroxyl oxidation

(Se) Ursini et al. Se Se Se Se Se testosterone

Se vit E peroxide

MSG MSG MSG vit E Se MSG Se vit E MSG2.

2.1 Wistar 120 150200 g

22-25C 12/12

General Organization for Grain Silos Flour Mills in Jeddah (Council of Europe, Europeanconvention for the protection of vertebrate animals) European communityDirective 12 ( 10 )

2.2 (C5H9NONa) 99%

MSG60 g 1000 ml MSG vit E Merck (Germany) Wassen

2.3 12 10 1 1 mg/kg 2 MSG ( 6 mg/g ) 3 MSG ( 17.5 mg/g ) 4 MSG ( 60 mg/g ) 5 vit E ( 150 mg/kg ) 6 vit E ( 200 mg/kg ) 7 Se ( 0.25 mg/kg ) 8 Se ( 1.0 mg/kg ) 9 MSG ( 60 mg/g) vit E ( 150 mg/kg ) 10 MSG ( 60 mg/g) vit E ( 200 mg/kg ) 11 MSG ( 60 mg/g) Se ( 0.25 mg/kg ) 12 MSG ( 60 mg/g) Se ( 1.0 mg/kg ) (9.30-10.30 .) 30

2.4

(pH 7.4) 50 mM (EDTA) 0.1 mM 5000 rpm 20 4C

2.4.1 Lipid peroxidation assay TBARS (TBA)

Ohkawa et al. TBA 95C TBARS

spectrophotometrically 532 nm TBARS nmol/mg protein

2.4.2 superoxide dismutase (SOD) SOD Marklund Marklund

autooxidation pyrogallol 440 nm 3 SOD autooxidation pyrogallol 50% pyrogallol in TrisEDTA buffer(50 mM Tris, 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.2) SOD U/mg protein

2.4.3 catalase (CAT) CAT Aebi H2O2

240 nm 3 25C CAT 1:9 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 CAT mmol/mgprotein

2.4.4 glutathione peroxidase (GPx) GPx H2O2 Paglia

Valentine NADPH 240nm 3 NADPH hydrogen peroxide 0.1 M Tris buffer nmol/mg protein

2.5 (Histopathology)

5m hematoxylin eosin

2.6 , mean standard error of mean (SEM) 12

(SPSS/version 15.0) ANOVA Duncans multiple range test ( P < 0.05) 3.

3.1 Lipid peroxidation (MDA) MDA MSG

MSG () MSG vit E () MDA MSG (, , ) MSG Se

MDA MSG MDA MSG Se

Se MDA vit E MDA vit E MDA ( 1 1)

3.2 Catalase (CAT) 1 2 MSG (, , )

CAT vit E () / Se () CAT MSG vit E () Se () CAT CAT MSG MSG vit E Se

3.3 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) MSG SOD

vit E SOD Se SOD Se SOD ( 1 3)

MSG SOD

3.4 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) MSG GPx

vit E Se GPx vit E Se GPx MSG vit E Se GPx ( 1 4)

3.5 (Histopathological) 30 spermatogenic cells seminiferous tubules

seminiferous tubules edematous stroma leydig cells ( 5A) MSG seminiferous tubules spermatogenic cells sperm ( 5B C) 3 ( vit E )

seminiferous tubules leydig cells (5D) 4 ( Se ) seminiferoustubules spermatogenic cells ( 5E) 5 MSG+vit E seminiferous tubules spermetrogenic cells ( 5F) 6 MSG+Se seminiferous tubules spermetrogenic cells ( 5G)

1 MSG, vit E, Selenium MSG

P 0.05 Duncans multiple range test a

1 MSG (, , ), vit E (, ), Selenium () MSG MDA mean SD 7 (MSG=monosodium glutamate, vit E= vitamin E, H dose=, M dose=,L dose=, Se=) mean SD

2 MSG (, , ), vit E (, ), Selenium () MSG CAT mean SD 7 (MSG=monosodium glutamate, vit E= vitamin E, H dose=, M dose=,L dose=, Se=) mean SD

3 MSG (, , ), vit E (, ), Selenium () MSG SOD mean SD 7 (MSG=monosodium glutamate, vit E= vitamin E, H dose=, M dose=,L dose=, Se=) mean SD

4 MSG (, , ), vit E (, ), Selenium () MSG GPx mean SD 7 (MSG=monosodium glutamate, vit E= vitamin E, H dose=, M dose=,L dose=, Se=) mean SD

5 (A) 100 (BC) MSG (B) seminiferous tubules spermatogenic cells spermatid (SA, spermatogenic arrest) (C) seminiferous tubules primary spermatogonia (spermatogenic arrest) (PSC, primary spermatogenic cells) (D) vit E seminiferous tubules edematous stroma leydig cells (SE, seminiferous tubules; ES, edematous stroma) (E) Se seminiferous tubules spermatogenic cells (SC, spermatogenic cells) (F) MSG +vit E seminiferous tubules spermatogenic cells (FSC, few spermatogenic cells) (G) MSG +Se tubules spermatogeniccells (MNS, moderate number of sperm)

4. Lipid peroxidation oxidation

xenobiotic (Ongjanovic et al.) TBARS TBARS MSG MSG reactiveoxygen species MSG Tezcan et al. MDA lipidperoxidation cyclooxygenase MSG MDA

spermatozoa cytoplasmic antioxidant

lipidperoxidation Aitken et al. lipidperoxidation oxidation DNA spermatozoa MSG spermatozoa

GPx, SOD CAT MSG SOD, CAT GPx Fbio et al. SOD GPx MSG Quercetin 1 2 , , SOD catalyzes superoxide hydrogenperoxide CAT hydrogen peroxide SOD-CAT active oxygenspecies

Glutathione peroxidases selenoenzymes cytosol glutathione (GSH) hydrogenperoxide alkyl peroxidases GPx hydrogen peroxide oxidatedglutathione

SOD, CAT GPx MSG H2O2 oxidants MSG lipidperoxidation

MSG (Alalwani et al.) MSG spermatogenic arrest, MSG

reactiveoxygen species superoxide anion, peroxides , DNA MSG GSH hydrogen peroxide mitochondrial electron transport chain (Sener et al.) , ,

spermatogenic layers MSG El-Wessemy testosterone MSG : , , , , , ,

MSG epithelial cells seminiferous tubules

Se vit E Se Se MSG Se

selenoproteins oxidoreductases selenoenzymes GPx thioredoxinreductases oxidation Se oxidative Se MSG

Rao Sharma vit E plasma membrane vit E

vit E MSG MSG / vit E vit E

hydroperoxide, Se lipid organelles peroxidative 5.

MSG Se vit E MSG