Prof. Dr. Ingo Rechenberg 200710171820A504Ingo Rechenberg 1934 Bionik ( Biology+Technics, , , Rechenberg sandfish. Rechenberg Rechenberg Bionik http://www.bionik.tu-berlin.de/

Insect flight and Micro Air VehiclesTechnische Universitt BerlinIngo RechenbergCAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, ShanghaiWith Flight Demonstrations

The bee andthe Institute MAV

At first I was struck by the large size of these beesthey were considerably larger than a normal bee or even a hornet. They were about the size of a walnut still encased in its green shell. The wings were not movable like the wings of birds or insects, but were arranged around their bodies in a rigid band and acted as stabilizing and supporting surfaces. Ernst Jnger(1805 1998)Zapparoni, this devil of a fellow, had again outwitted nature. Probably he sat comfortably in his armchair and looked on the screen what the glass bee would send.Reconstruction of Jngers glass beeNovel 1957Leading character

Ingo Rechenberg Vice World ChampionTo my person

Start to a mission in the dunesMini Air Vehicle

Mini Air VehicleFlying straight ahead into the dunes

Poking around in the dunesMini Air Vehicle

Indoor MAV of the institute with extreme manoeuverability

Micro Air Vehicle (MAV)Nano Air Vehicle (NAV)Pico Air Vehicle (PAV)

In the Nevada desert, an experiment has gone horribly wrong. A cloud of nanoparticles - micro-robots -has escaped from the laboratory. This cloud is self-sustaining and self-reproducing. It is intelligent and learns from experience. For all practical purposes, it is alive. It has been programmed as a predator. It is evolving swiftly, becoming more deadly with each passing hour. Every attempt to destroy it has failed. Pico Air Vehicles

Micro Air Vehicle (MAV)Nano Air Vehicle (NAV)

The MFI-Project - Micromechanical Flying InsectUniversity BerkelyRonald S. FearingIt never flew

Announcement of theaerospace manufacturerLockheed Martin Lockheed Martin, has won a $1.7 million contract from US defense research agency DARPA to develop a nano air vehicle. The remote-controlled device will be "the size and shape of a maple tree seed" and will be able to collect military intelligence indoors and outdoors. The system will incorporate a one-bladed wing, chemical rocket, sensor module, battery and communications, navigation and imaging kit. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

The maple tree seed as amodel for a Nano Air VehicleRotational axisRocket drive

8.5 cmPicoflyer of the Norwegian Petter MurenNano

Micro Air Vehicle (MAV)

Bernoullis principle: Higher flow velocity produces lower pressure.The airfoil has greater path length on the upper surface than on the lower.Nonsense !A cambered sail also produces lift, though the path on the upper side is as long than on the lower side.The fluid must run faster on the upper surface.

Why does a cambered sail produces lift ?Lower pressure Centripetal forceCentrifugal effectThe flow particle moves on a curved path.Observation: The particle does not fly away due to the centrifugal effect.

orThe decisive questionrotational movementEpsons MAVFlapping movementUS Students MAV

Rotation cuts the connection between bearing and shaftIn BiologyInterrupted rotation

MAVDragonflyFlapping is a substitute of rotation !

Abstracted view offlapping movementHovering hummingbird

Abstracted view offlapping movementHovering hummingbird

A hovering fly

Recorded wing trajectory of a hovering flyExperiment by Michael Dickinson

Flight duration: 4 minutesFlight duration: 4 houresMAV (full charged battery)Dragonfly (fed on honey)Engineering versus Biology

Power to weightRatio: 0.1 W/gFlight muscleEnergy density: 3.9 Wh/gHoney droplet Energy density: 0.15 Wh/gPower to weight Ratio: 3 W/gLiPo-accumulator Electric motor26 times more effective30 times more effective

Swash plateHigh liftLow liftMAVmanoeuvreability

updownclockwiseanticlockwiseforewardbackwardrightleftMAV control in 4 freedoms

Proposel for an indoor competition with Micro Air Vehicles (MAV)1 m1 m

Outdoor Micro Air Vehicle CompetitionPylons !

MAV Event RulesThe objetive is to build and fly the smallest radio-controlled MAV that can complete the most laps around a pylon course in a 2-minute time period. There will be two pylons spaced 12 meters apart. A circular path (green) flown around the pylons will result in a 1-point addition to the total score, while a figure-8 path (blue) flown around the pylons will result in a 2-point addition to the total score.MAV Competition12 meters1 point2 pointspylonpylon

Vision-based control of autonomously flying micro air vehicles

Optical flow as seen by a dragonfly flying above ground. Displacement of a pixel from one frame to the other

Optical flow and manoeuvre of a dragonfly

Weight 33 gHeliCommandRealization of avision-based control unit

A future view

Advertisement of an all-purpose artificial dragonfly

The path of the MAV video signalusing UMTS techniqueThe near futurePersonal MAV

Single molecule dedection by the male of the silkworm mothMolecule fishing net!

An autonomous swarm of artificial dragonflies on an environmental inspection

Leaf aromaPotato fieldattractArtificial dragonfly with a single molecule sensor for local pest control (eliminating potato beetles)

Artificial dragonflies examine a sewer

Artificial dragonflies form a smart antenna to detect alavanche victimsHumens hidden under the snow masses

3Ch RC MosquitoMini Helicopter smallest in the world The Norwegian Petter Muren with his Nanoflyer320 Yhide

Thank YouThank Youwww.bionik.tu-berlin.de

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