专 题 复 习 课The Passive Voice

被 动 语 态

复习目标1 、掌握语态基本概念；2 、熟悉常见语态转换；3 、在语篇中理解和运用被动语态。

复习重点 :1. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态；2. 一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。 复习难点 :1. 被动语态中 be 形的确定；2. 主动语态中省略 to 的宾补在被动语态中须补上 to.

一、基本概念复习

1 、观察结构执行者 + 及物动词 + 承受者Workers make cars in this factory. 主 谓 宾

承受者 + be+ 及物动词过去分词 +(by + 执行者 )Cars are made (by workers) in this factory. 主 谓

2 、总结概念：谓语动词的执行者作主语，用 ________ 语态。谓语动词的承受者作主语，用 ________ 语态。

主动被动

playplayoftenoften

Football

A camera

use … for use … for ……

is often played all over the world.

is usedis used fortaking

photos.

rob rob yesterdayyesterday

A man-made satellite

A bank

send up last year

was robbed yesterday.

was sent upspace last year.

into

must plant Trees

The groundbe covered with

must be planted on theground.

will be covered with

in a few years’ time.

trees

digThe

earth

The food

eat up

is beingdug now.

has been eaten

up already.

Football Football is is oftenoften played played all over the world. all over the world.

A man-made satellite A man-made satellite was sent upwas sent up into space into space last year.last year.

The ground The ground will be coveredwill be covered with trees in a with trees in a few years’ time.few years’ time.

The tree The tree must be plantedmust be planted on the ground. on the ground.

The earth The earth is being dugis being dug now. now.

The food The food has been eaten uphas been eaten up already. already.

一般现在时一般现在时：： am / is / are + am / is / are + vt.p.p.vt.p.p. 一般过去时： was / were + vt.p.p.

一般将来时 : will be / be going to be + vt.p.p.

情态动词： must /can /could /may + be + vt.p.p.现在进行时 : be (am / is / are) + being + vt.p.p.

现在完成时 : have / has +been + vt.p.p.

被动语态的构成： be +vt.p.p.被动语态：

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，作的承受者时，要用被动语态要用被动语态。。

主语是动作的承受者 。

二、常见语态转换（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _____ ______ _____ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers ___ _______ ____ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? ____ the bridge _____ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _____these books _______ ____ Lu Xun?5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm.Apples _____ _____ on the farm.6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _______ ________ yesterday.小结：1 、被动语态的转换，在 be+ 过去分词中，确定 _____ 是关键， _______ 永不变。2 、 Be 的时态由 _______________ 确定； be 的单 / 复数由 ____________ 确定。3 、问句提前 __________; 否定 ________ 后加 not.

was bought by

are watered by

Was built

were written by

aren’t grown

wasn’t cleaned

be 形 过去分词主动时态 被动主语

be 动词 be

( 二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _____ _____ _____ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees. More trees _____ _____ ________.3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _____ ____ _____.4.Can we put our bikes here? _____ our bikes ____ _____ here?5.You mustn’t throw rubbish here. Rubbish ______ _____ ______ here.6.We can’t see many stars. Many stars ______ ______ _______ . 小结：1. 含情态动词的被动结构： ______________________.2. 疑问句提前 _____________; 否定句： ___________+not.

can be done

must be planted

should be dug

Can be put

mustn’t be thrown

can’t be seen

情态动词 +be+ 过去分词情态动词 情态动词

（三）、动词 + 宾语 + 宾补结构的转换 ( 以动词 ask 和 see 为例 )1.ask sb. to do sth. (____________________)

2.see sb. do sth. (_____________________)

3.see sb. doing sth. (____________________)

带 to 的不定式作宾补

省略 to 的不定式作宾补

V-ing 作宾补

(sb.) be asked to do sth. (_______________________)变成被动，形式不变

(sb.) be seen to do sth. (_______________________)被动补上 to

(sb.) be seen doing sth. (______________________).形式不变

请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses______ _____ ___ _____ the whole day.2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake. The twins ____ _______ ___ ___ _______ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _____ _____ ____ ____ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs. He ____ often _____ ____ ____ English songs.5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now. Lucy ____ _____ _______ in the park just now.6.They watched the children sing that morning. The children _____ ________ ___ _____ that morning.小结 :1. 主动语态中省略 to 的宾补在被动中应 ___________. 2. 其它形式的宾补在被动中 ______.

were made to work

are asked not to swim

was seen to run

is heard to sing

was seen playing

were watched to sing补上 to

不变

1.不及物动词（ vi.) 不用被动语态。e.g. happen, appear, disappear, come, go, arrive, take place, 　etc.

e.g. A traffic accident ________(happen) just now.

不能使用被动语态的情况 :

happened

2. 有些短语不用被动语态 do one’s best, make a face, make room( 腾位子）make up one’s mind, belong toHe was making a face when I saw him.

3. 连系动词（ Link.v.) 不用被动语态。 如： be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…

e.g. Peking Opera _______ (sound)

beautiful.

sounds

4. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态 。

e.g. The pen __________(write) very fast.writes

This kind of sweater _______(sell) well. sells

Diligence is the mother of Diligence is the mother of success.success. 勤奋是成功之母。勤奋是成功之母。

Multiple Choice:

1. ( ) IfIf the work __ ,you can go and play games.A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished

D. is finished

DD

2. ( ) It was raining 2. ( ) It was raining heaheavily outside, the vily outside, the childrchildren were made en were made __ in the __ in the classroom. classroom. A. stay B. to stay A. stay B. to stay

C. staying D. stayed C. staying D. stayed

BB

3. ( ) Kate _______ the 3. ( ) Kate _______ the letter before her letter before her mother came into mother came into her bedroom.her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing

CC

4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rub- bish __ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw

BB

5. ( ) I like my bike. 5. ( ) I like my bike. It It __ very well.__ very well. A. rides B. is A. rides B. is ridingriding C. is ridden C. is ridden

D. has riddenD. has ridden

AA

6. ( ) —I won’t come to the party unless Tom __ , too. —You mean if Tom

comes ,you’ll come.

A. will invite B. invites A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is C. invited D. is invitedinvited

DD

7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story __ it.

A.laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at

AA

8. ( ) The children 8. ( ) The children must must __ .__ . A. look after A. look after B. be taken B. be taken good care good care C. look the same C. look the same D. be taken D. be taken good care ofgood care of

DD

9. ( ) The woman still doesn’t know what

__ in her hometown.A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened

BB

—Yes. My bike bike ___.___.

10. ( ) — I saw you came to school on foot

this morning.

A. is mending B. is being mended

C. is mended D. is being mending

BB

Fill in the blanks using right forms:

1.All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.

2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?

.

3.This coat _________(wash) well.

4. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?

were asked

tried

washes

be spoken

5. I’m often _________( 警告） not to copy others’ homework.6. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ ( 消失 ).

7. The PRC was _________( 成立 ) on October 1, 1949.

founded

warned

disappeared

Fill in the missing words according to the passage. Several days ago a large tiger escaped from the zoo because it (1)______fed well （喂得不好） . One morning the tiger was seen (2)_____run 　 into a small forest near the city (3)____some people. 　 The people told the police about it at once. They said that the tiger was very strong ,but the animals around it (4)_______not hit. The police warned people not to go out during the night. Tom was made not (5)_____ go to school that day. The police（ 6 ） ____ asked to find out the tiger quickly and kill it.

wasn’t to

by

wereto

were

But the police said the tiger should (7 )____protecte

d and well looked after if it was found out. In the evening a big net was put around the Forest by the police. Some sheep (8)____ tied to the trees 　　　　　　　　　　 behind the net. 　 When the sheep were heard (9)_____ bleat , the hungry tiger ran out to catch them. At last the tiger was caught and

it (10)_____ taken back to the zoo. Now the tiger (11) _______taken good care (12)______ 　 . It must (13)______given the most food because it is the largest.

be

were

to

was

isof be

看图，写一篇以 How to Plant a Tree? 为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯 , 展开合理想象。词数： 60—80 。 ( 尽可能多地使用被动语态）

March is the time to plant trees. Now March is the time to plant trees. Now I’ll tell you how to plant trees. I’ll tell you how to plant trees. FirstFirst, a , a hole which is large enough for the tree hole which is large enough for the tree must be dug. must be dug. ThenThen, a long and strong , a long and strong stick must be knocked into the earth stick must be knocked into the earth in the hole. in the hole. NextNext, a tree will be put , a tree will be put into the hole next to the stick. The into the hole next to the stick. The earth will be put back in the hole and earth will be put back in the hole and pushed down hard . pushed down hard . LastLast , also the , also the most important , the tree needs to be most important , the tree needs to be watered.watered.

Fill in the blanks with the verbs using right tenses and voices:

1. Large numbers of plastic bags ___________(use) in the supermarkets every day.

2. _____ our country ____(send) up another man-made satellite last year?

3. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?

4. Her grandma was still alive when he _________(take) to the hospital.

5. English __________(speak) in many counties, but the Chinese ______

(speak) their own language.

6. Three quarters of the world’s books______________(write) in English.7. This kind of sweater ___________(sell) well.

8. _________ Lesson 50 ___________(teach) next week?

are used

Did send

be spoken

was taken

is spoken speak

are written

sells

Will be taught