-Unlicensed-Excel Function and Formulas

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CNG THC & HM EXCELT H A M 2 0 0 7 K H O T O N D I N : E x c e l 9 7

Li m uCc bn c thn mn! Phn mm bng tnh s mt th gii Microsoft Excel c mt th vin hm phong ph v a dng, p ng c hu ht cc nhu cu tnh ton ca ngi s dng thuc rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Vic nh tt c cc hm trong Excel v cch vn dng chng l mt vic "rt kh khn hoc thm ch l khng th nh ht". Ti liu in t "Cng thc v hm Excel" ny do mt nhm nhng thnh vin ca din n "Gii Php Excel www.giaiphapexcel.com" thc hin nhm mang li iu kin thun li nht cho nhng ngi dng Excel, nhng ngi yu thch Excel. Ti liu c tng hp da trn cc bi vit ng trn din n Gii Php Excel vi s h thng ho theo mt cu trc nht qun gip ngi c d tip thu v tra cu. Ngoi phn hng dn s dng hm v cng thc mng, ti liu cn tp hp hn 100 bi tp thc hnh cho cc bn nghin cu v c iu kin p dng l thuyt vo nhng tnh hung c th, sinh ng v a dng. Bn cnh , ti liu cn tp hp cc hm ngi

TI LIU & TIN CH


dng (UDF) hu ch cc bn c c hi tip xc vi Macro v VBA trong Excel thng qua cc hm ny. c ti liu c hiu qu, cc bn nn c trc phn 1 ca ti liu c cc khi nim c bn v hm, cng thc, cch s dng a ch tng i v tuyt i,.... Sau , cc bn nn vo phn 5 "Bi tp thc hnh" thc tp trn cc bi ton c th, khi cha hiu hm no th bn hy tra cu cc hm phn 2 v c hng dn s dng hm . Cc phn 3 v 4 cung cp cc kin thc nng cao v hm v cng thc mng cng nh cc khi nim c bn v Macro v VBA, y l nhng bc i u tin gip bn c th vit thm cc hm ngi dng phc v cho cng vic ca mnh. Chng ti tin rng, ti liu ny tht s l mt cm nang tra cu cn thit cho tt c nhng ai ang lm vic vi bng tnh Excel. Chng ti cng xin chn thnh cm n tt c thnh vin ca Gii Php Excel c nhng ng gp tch cc v cng ng Excel, xin cm n cc bi vit ca cc anh Bi Nguyn Triu Tng (BNTT), anh Phan T Hng, Jenni, xin cm n cc anh Phm Nh Khang (phamnhukhang), ng Trung c (ongtrungducmx25), Nguyn Cnh Hong Danh (hoangdanh282vn), xuan_ha919, uthoiemve, c bit l anh Trn Thanh Phong (ttphong2007)... thc hin tng hp v bin son ti liu ny. Cui cng, d chng ti rt c gng trong qu trnh tng hp ti liu ny, nhng cng kh trnh khi nhng thiu st. Chng ti rt mong bn c ng gp kin ti liu ngy cng hon thin hn cc phin bn sau. Mi kin ng gp xin gi v a ch: [email protected] Chn thnh cm n, TP. HCM, ngy 30 thng 06 nm 2008 Ban qun tr Gii Php Excel Gii Php Excel Website: www.giaiphapexcel.com E-mail: [email protected] in thoi: 0909.191.958 gp Bnh


2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 8 G i i P h p E x c e l - www.giaiphapexcel.com, [email protected]


Tm tt tiu s Gii php ExcelTc gi: Jenni Gii Php Excel (GPE) c thnh lp t nhng thnh vin ca Webketoan (www.webketoan.vn), a s u lm k ton nhng c mt nim am m chung l Excel. Hi nhng ngi am m Excel c gi l EFCExcel Fans Club. Ngi u tin ku gi thnh lp EFC l anh Vng Phc vi cu ni chng d qun cht no: "Hy n y!


Chng ta cng thc hin c m cng nhau chia s nim am m ln trong cuc sng vi bng tnh diu k". Rt nhiu ngi ng h v tn thnh vi kin ny ca anh nh ch handung107, anh Tuanktcdcn (TuanVNUNI), anh levanduyet, OverAC, ch Anhchuot, anh StonyHeartedMan (hai2hai), admin HaiTam, admin TranVanHung Bi hn bt c th g trong i, c sng v thc hin nim am m ca mnh th chng c ai mun t chi c, phi khng cc bn?!. Vy cn chn ch g nh, chng ta cng xem li nhng bc i chp chng ban u ca GPE qua bn tay nui dng ca cc thnh vin k cu ban u nh. Lc mi u, box Excel v K ton ch l mt box nh ca Webketoan, nm su trong box Tin hc ng dng, qua s u tranh ca mi ngi v nht l anh Vng Phc nn box c a ra ngoi mt tin ca WKT. Nhng thnh vin ca EFC lc by gi cng rt t, ch c vi ngi nh: ch handung107, anh levanduyet, anh Tuanktcdcn (nay l TuanVNUNI), anh Vng Phc, anh quocnghia, anh thanhnhan, OverAC, WhoamI, anh Maika (Forest C). Nhng qua nhng cuc offline nho nh, nhng li tm tnh online, EFC ngy cng c nhiu ngi ch v c thm nhiu thnh vin mi, trong s , ni bt l: anh SA_DQ, anh Workman, anh tsf, anh Adam_tran, anh tranchau (Kelvin), Mysterious_Girl, anh o Vit Cng, anh Paulsteigel. Mi ngi dn tr nn thn quen v tin n gn nhau hn. Xem nhau nh anh ch em trong nh, cng chia s vi nhau nhng kinh nghim, nhng vng mc trong cng vic cng nh trong cuc sng. Nhng bui gp g offline bao gi cng mang li cho thnh vin nhng bt ng th v, nhng n tng kh phai v nhng cm xc kh t. Chng ti ngi bn nhau, u bt ci th v v ch y l mt n bc s v cng khng ngc nhin khi anh y c hai con ri. Tt c n vi EFC nh l mt nim vui trong cuc sng!. (Vng Phc). Tnh yu-Ti mun dng t ny ni v vic i x ca cc thnh vin vi nhau trong EFC. Tht s ti c gng tm cm t no cho thch hp m khng th tm ra cm t no ngai t "tnh yu". tht s l s chia s cho nhau, s ng cm, v v li.


S sng: H ni no c tnh yu th ni c s sng! Vng, tht s nh vy! Mt s sng chia s vi nhau. Khng cn bit anh l thnh vin web hay khng? Mt s sng ca s "s chia". (Tnh yu v s sng L Vn Duyt) V c nh th EFC ln ln dn dn, n mt ngy cc thnh vin ch cht ca EFC nhn thy rng, Excel khng ch phc v cho k ton, m cn phc v cho nhiu nghnh ngh khc nh k s, bc s, gio vin.thm ch l ni tr!. V vy EFC cn chuyn sang mt ngi nh mi, rng hn n tip bn b ca mnh, c th t do thc hin nhng c m ln hn v xa hn. chnh l ngi nh GPE m chng ta ang y, cc bn . Trc khi kt thc bi ny, cc bn cng Jenni hy dnh mt pht tng nim mt ngi anh, ngi bn thn thit ca GPE - anh Maika (ForestC). Mt ngi rt tnh cm, vui v, nhit tnh v ng gp rt nhiu cho GPE qua cc file: NameManager, Bo co lu chuyn tin t, 23 bi gii bi tp cho thnh vin mi bt u nhng ra i khi tui i cn rt tr!. mt ni xa xm no , mong rng anh s cm nhn c tnh yu thng ca tt c mi ngi dnh cho anh!. Cui cng, Jenni hy vng rng nhng tnh cm m chng ta c t trc n nay mi mi vng bn v ngy cng gn b vi nhau hn. Cm n cc bn c nhng dng tiu s v GPE ngn ngi ny ca Jenni. Chc cc bn lun vui v, thoi mi khi sng di mi nh chung GPE, lun thnh cng v hnh phc trong cuc sng!. V nu bn cn c chia s bn hy tm n GPE c c cm gic m p v bnh an, bn nh. (^.^) Jenni



CNG THC & HM EXCELT H A M 2 0 0 7 K H O T O N D I N

Thnh vin tham gia xy dng ti liu v cc tc giCc bi vit trong ti liu ny c chn lc t trang web Gii Php Excel (http://www.giaiphapexcel.com) v c bit l cc bi vit ca: Bi Nguyn Triu Tng, BNTT Trn Thanh Phong, ttphong2007 Phan T Hng, PhanTuHuong [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] LIU & TIN CH

Nhm xy dng v tng hp ti liu: Trn Thanh Phong, ttphong2007 [email protected]; http://ttphong.spaces.live.com Phm Nh Khang, phamnhukhang Jenni Nguyn Cnh Hong Danh, hoangdanh282vn ng Trung c, ongtrungducmx25 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

[email protected]


uthoiemve xuan_ha919

[email protected] [email protected]

Ban qun tr Gii Php Excel



1.1. Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)Tc gi: Trn Thanh Phong (ttphong2007 - GPE)

Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g?


Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm. V d:

V d v cng thc Bng 1. Cc ton t trong cng thc


Bng 2. Th t u tin ca cc ton t




1.2. Gii thiu hm (Function)Tc gi: Trn Thanh Phong (ttphong2007 - GPE)

Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc nng no . Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh vc, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s, c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v cc i s c th l bt buc hoc t chn. V d: =Rand() hm khng c i s =If(A1>=5,t,Rt) hm 3 i s =PMT(10%,4,1000,,1) hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn Trong Excel 2007 c tng cng 12 hm mi: AverageIf, AverageIfs, CountIfs, IfError, SumIfs v nhm hm Cube. Excel 2007 c cc nhm hm chnh nh: Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID, ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue, d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount, ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,. k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct, ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate, thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa, lun l: If, And, Or, tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet, ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round, thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf, vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,

Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn sau.




1.3. Nhp cng thc v hmTc gi: Trn Thanh Phong (ttphong2007 - GPE)

Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham chiu. V d:

Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc.


Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau: B1. B2. B3. B4. B5. B6. B7. B8. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV( Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK Nhp du phy (,) v g F3 Chn DongTien v nhn OK Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du + Nhp chut vo B2 Nhn phm Enter

Chn tn vng vo cng thc Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas Function Library chn nhm hm chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function.


Hp thoi Insert Function




1.4. Tham chiu trong cng thcTc gi: Trn Thanh Phong (ttphong2007 - GPE)

Phn c bnCc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau: Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4 Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4 Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.

Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct. V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.


Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g . Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo. B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton. B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15. Lu : Tham chiu n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:

=A2*Sheet2!A2 =A2*Thong so!B4 Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng

[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:


=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 =A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n =A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m =A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng

Phn nng cao: Cc tham chiu (cell) v vng (range)Mt tham chiu xc nh mt hay vng trn bng tnh gip Excel bit c v tr cha d liu m bn mun s dng trong cng thc. S dng tham chiu trong cng thc gip mt cng thc c th truy cp c n d liu cha ti nhiu ni khc nhau ca bng tnh hay ngc li mt gi tr trong mt c th c s dng bi nhiu cng thc khc nhau. Ngoi ra, Excel cho php tham chiu n cc thuc cc sheet khc trong cng workbook hoc khc workbook. Cc tham chiu n cc trong workbook khc c gi l cc lin kt (link). Kiu tham chiu A1 Excel mc nh s dng kiu tham chiu A1, ngha l cc ct c t tn theo cc mu ch ci (A n Z v cc t hp ch ci). Excel 2003 cc ct c t tn t A n IV (256 ct) v cc dng c nh s t 1 n 65536, Excel 2007 th t A n XFD (16384 ct) v cch dng c nh s t 1 n 1048576. Cc k t v cc con s ny gi l cc tiu ct v dng (row and column headings). tham chiu n mt , ta ch cn nhp vo k t i din cho ct tip theo sau l s th t ca dng, v d tham kho n C2 th ny c k t ct l C v s dng l 2.

Tham kho n worksheet khc: Xt v d sau, hm AVERAGE tnh ton bnh qun cc gi tr thuc vng B1:B10 trn Worksheet Marketing


trong cng Workbook.

Ghi ch: Tn worksheet v du chm than (!) c t trc vng a ch tham chiu. Tham chiu vng Trong mt s trng hp nhp cng thc th bn nhn c hp thoi thng bo tham chiu vng (Circular Reference) v trong cng thc c s dng gi tr trong m bn ang nhp cng thc. V d: Ti A3 bn nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3

Cnh bo tham chiu vng Nu cc php tnh ca bn yu cu phi tham chiu vng th bn cn phi bt tnh nng ny ln. Nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Formulas Calculation options chn Enable iterative calculation.

Ty chn tham chiu vng (Excel 2007) Maximun Iterations: S ln tnh vng ti a


Maximun Change: S thay i ti a ca gi tr

V d: A1 cha s 2, A2 cha s 3, A3 nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3 v vi thit lp tnh vng nh trn th kt qu A3 ln u tin sau khi nhp cng thc l 15. S khc nhau gia tham chiu tng i v tham chiu tuyt i Tham chiu tng i (Relative references) Tham chiu tng i trong cng thc (v d nh A1) da vo v tr tng i ca a ch cha cng thc v a ch ca tham chiu n. Khi v tr ca cha cng thc thay i th a ch tham chiu n cng thay i tng ng. Khi ta chp cng thc sang cc dng hay ct khc, th a ch tham chiu cng t ng thay i tng ng. Excel mc nh cng thc nhp vo dng tham chiu tng i. V d, khi ta chp cng thc ti B2 cha tham chiu tng i n A1 (=A1) xung B3 th khi cng thc trong B3 t ng thay i tham chiu n A2 (=A2).

Tham chiu tuyt i (Absolute references) Mt c cng thc tham chiu tuyt i n mt no (v d $A$1) khi d cho cha cng thc b di chuyn hay sao chp n ni khc th cng thc vn lun lun tham chiu n (A1). Excel mc nh cng thc nhp vo dng tham chiu tng i, do vy ta cn chuyn sang tham chiu tuyt i khi cn thit (bng cch t du $ trc cc tiu dng v ct phm tt l F4). V d, nu ta chp mt cng thc (ti B2 xun B3) c tham chiu tuyt i n =$A$1 th cng thc trong B3 vn l =$A$1.

Tham chiu hn hp (Mixed references) Tham chiu hn hp l dng tham chiu kt hp 2 loi tham chiu tng i v tuyt i, trong tham chiu hn hp ch c ct hoc dng c c nh (tuyt i). V d, tham chiu c nh ct c dng $A1, $B1, ... v tham chiu c nh dng c dng A$1, B$1, . Khi v tr ca cha cng thc thay i th phn a ch tng i (trong tham chiu hn hp) s thay i theo cn phn a ch tuyt i (trong tham chiu hn hp) s khng thay i. V d khi ta chp cng thc c cha tham chiu hn hp (=A$1) trong A2 sang B3 th cng thc trong B3 thay i thnh


=B$1.

Kiu tham chiu 3-D Khi chng ta mun phn tch d liu c vng a ch ging nhau nhiu worksheet trong cng workbook th khi cn n kiu tham chiu 3D. Tham chiu 3-D c dng nh v d sau =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5), ngha l tnh tng cc B5 nm nhiu sheet (t Sheet2 n Sheet13). Tham chiu 3-D c th dng tham chiu n cc nm trn cc sheet khc, (c th t tn cho tham chiu 3-D), sau c th dng cc hm sau tnh ton: SUM, AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA, PRODUCT, STDEV, STDEVA, STDEVP, STDEVPA, VAR, VARA, VARP, v VARPA. Tham chiu 3-D khng th dng trong cng thc mng (cng thc kt thc bng lnh Ctrl+Shift+Enter). Tham chiu 3-D khng th dng cc ton t s hc (+,-,*,/,^, &) , ton t so snh (= > < >=

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-Unlicensed-Excel Function and Formulas