1

UPS M.Sc. MBA " 2012

1

/ On-Line, L/I / (, PFC) ( , , ) : , , .

2

UPS

3 ON LINE

ON LINE BYPASS UPS 62040-3EN LINE INTERACTIVE

UPS 62040-3EN5 / (LI , OL ) / 2 / (" 2 ) / / 2

: , , , \

+6

PFC/SCR7 (SCR)

(SCR) " -SCR.-SCR

8

(SCR) (= ) , 9 PFC ( IGBT) PFC ( IGBT) PFC : (" 1-3%) -1 (" 0.99 0.98) ( ) : , , , '10 PFC ( 1)

1Q 1C-2C -DC -ON -DC V=-L*di/dt (). I

11 PFC ( 2) , , 0.5*L*I2 ( ) 0.5*C*V2" DC 1C 2C.

12 PFC ( 3) -1 -DC " .

PFC : -DC ( ) -1

13 PFC ( 4)

14

15 (1) "" (). -DC " ". " . 50 50 .

16 (2) -DC " ". " . 50 50 .

17 50 " " - "

18 " " ."

19 PWM(1)

. -DC. - - " Duty Cycle () 20 PWM(2)

" " 16 ( -DC) . " .

21 PWM(3) PWM

PWM () 22 PWM(4)

-DC, ' " .23 PWM

24

25 SPDT 3PDT (BYPASS) (") ( )

26 UPS , . " (PLL) -UPS , " "" .27 " SCR- . , -SCR ( ) . -SCR , ( -1%)

28 -SCR- . 1SCR (-SCR ) -SCR- , 1SCR 1SCR -SCR-

SCR129 -SCR- SCR-

30 - " ( )

31 Maintenance Bypass (MBP) . . . .

32 (1)

33 (2)

34 ()

(3)35 (4)

36 . .

37 . .

38 39 / /

40 : . " . :

(VRLA)41 FRONT TERMINAL ( 30% )

42 : . " . :

VRLA . . . . . . .

43

. , ( 60 ) -1.67 . -1.75

44

-C20DESIGN LIFE . " .SERVICE LIFE -80% . -SL -70-80% -DL. 50% -DL. -80% ' - -C10 245 : (-C25) () (- -C20) SELF CERTIFICATION .... (TELCORDIA, NEBS) () 46 "" . . (CYCLES) . (RIPPLE) (REVERSAL) : ( ) " ".47

48 DEEP CYCLE

49

STANDBY50 ( ) HYDRATION . .

51 ( ):

:

52 -UPS . YUASA 100 " 295.2 15 -1.67 . 40 295.2X6X40=70,848 -15

53

54

55

56

57 . 4% . . " ". . .

58 . 50272-2:2001EN : Q = 0.05 n Igas C10 10 (" ) " 2 : A=28*Q (" ) . . - ( ) : . .

60 "" ( )

61

The 941 micro-ohm value of Jar 41 is 22% higher than the other jars in the string and has triggered an alarm turning the bar red.This is an indication of a bad cell within this jar.62 - "" . "" . 1:2UPS - . 64 .

65 UPS

66 . (Reliability) MTBF Mean Time Between Failures (Availability) \"

67 . , 1.000000 . " , . " MTBF . MTBF , 200000 (-30 ) . : . . . " . ( ) : "\(' +1) " ( ). ( ) ( ). . . ,

1+1=3

68 . . . " REDUNDANCY . . : ? ?

MTBF (100-300 ) ( ). (, , ) ( )69

1 250%50% 100%X (Transformerless) () : / " (MTTR ) ( )

71 . . 30 " " " .

. .

1+N

(Transformerless)

72 , .

100% 100% SPDT (BYPASS)

74

1 2

75 ITIC

ITIC / 376 ITIC -20 . -DC RIDE THROUGH .

2 1 277

78 (MFR)

79 "80 75%

(MFR)80 5-6 -75% . -90% , . MFR , , MFR . , " , . UPS

( , ) , (, , ) , , ,

82 , " . - " . .

. . , , . . . ( ), . ( ) ( .83 : / .

, . . . . " "

. : , , , , ( , ), ( ), AC . " , , .

: (CRANKING POWER), -"

85 " , , ' ( )

86 (NON INTERVENING) .

( ) ( )

( ) . .

87

. ( ). ( 4 ) . .

' RFI " ' " , . , " ". PFC 1. - -. -UPS . .93 0.6-0.7 " 2000 (EN61000-3-2) EMC PFC RFI 1 () PFC RFI

94 UPS , -UPS (Derating)

Itot= Ir2+(Ic+Icap)295 UPS Derating -

. " 96 " ". . 50%, " ". . 100% .

97

98 . (= )

100IBM Compatible

UPS 1100kVA

UPS 2100kVA

DATA CENTER

DUAL PATH

50kVA

50kVA

100kVA

IBM Compatible

UPS 1100kVA

UPS 2100kVA

DATA CENTER

DUAL PATH

0kVA

100kVA

100kVA

INSERVICE

0

R

S

T

0

R

S

T

Rleak

Rleak

Rleak

Chart300.8660254038-0.866025403800.25881904510.7071067812-0.96592582630.35355339060.50.5-10.50.70710678120.2588190451-0.96592582630.35355339060.86602540380-0.866025403800.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.7071067812-0.35355339061-0.5-0.5-0.50.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.2588190451-0.35355339060.8660254038-0.8660254038-0-00.7071067812-0.96592582630.25881904510.35355339060.5-10.50.50.2588190451-0.96592582630.70710678120.35355339060-0.86602540380.86602540380-0.2588190451-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.5-0.51-0.5-0.7071067812-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.8660254038-00.8660254038-0-0.96592582630.25881904510.70710678120.3535533906-10.50.50.5-0.96592582630.70710678120.25881904510.3535533906-0.86602540380.866025403800-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.3535533906-0.51-0.5-0.5-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.3535533906-00.8660254038-0.8660254038-00.25881904510.7071067812-0.96592582630.35355339060.50.5-10.50.70710678120.2588190451-0.96592582630.35355339060.86602540380-0.866025403800.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.7071067812-0.35355339061-0.5-0.5-0.50.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.2588190451-0.35355339060.8660254038-0.8660254038-0-00.7071067812-0.96592582630.25881904510.35355339060.5-10.50.50.2588190451-0.96592582630.70710678120.35355339060-0.86602540380.86602540380-0.2588190451-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.5-0.51-0.5-0.7071067812-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.8660254038-00.8660254038-0-0.96592582630.25881904510.70710678120.3535533906-10.50.50.5-0.96592582630.70710678120.25881904510.3535533906-0.86602540380.86602540380-0-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.3535533906-0.51-0.5-0.5-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.3535533906-00.8660254038-0.8660254038-00.25881904510.7071067812-0.96592582630.35355339060.50.5-10.50.70710678120.2588190451-0.96592582630.35355339060.86602540380-0.8660254038-00.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.7071067812-0.35355339061-0.5-0.5-0.50.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.2588190451-0.35355339060.8660254038-0.8660254038-0-00.7071067812-0.96592582630.25881904510.35355339060.5-10.50.50.2588190451-0.96592582630.70710678120.35355339060-0.86602540380.8660254038-0-0.2588190451-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.5-0.51-0.5-0.7071067812-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.8660254038-00.8660254038-0-0.96592582630.25881904510.70710678120.3535533906-10.50.50.5-0.96592582630.70710678120.25881904510.3535533906-0.86602540380.866025403800-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.3535533906-0.51-0.5-0.5-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.3535533906-00.8660254038-0.8660254038-00.25881904510.7071067812-0.96592582630.35355339060.50.5-10.50.70710678120.2588190451-0.96592582630.35355339060.86602540380-0.8660254038-00.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.7071067812-0.35355339061-0.5-0.5-0.50.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.2588190451-0.35355339060.8660254038-0.8660254038-0-00.7071067812-0.96592582630.25881904510.35355339060.5-10.50.50.2588190451-0.96592582630.70710678120.35355339060-0.86602540380.86602540380-0.2588190451-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.5-0.51-0.5-0.7071067812-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.8660254038-00.86602540380-0.96592582630.25881904510.70710678120.3535533906-10.50.50.5-0.96592582630.70710678120.25881904510.3535533906-0.86602540380.866025403800-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.3535533906-0.51-0.5-0.5-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.3535533906-00.8660254038-0.8660254038-00.25881904510.7071067812-0.96592582630.35355339060.50.5-10.50.70710678120.2588190451-0.96592582630.35355339060.86602540380-0.8660254038-00.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.7071067812-0.35355339061-0.5-0.5-0.50.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.2588190451-0.35355339060.8660254038-0.8660254038-000.7071067812-0.96592582630.25881904510.35355339060.5-10.50.50.2588190451-0.96592582630.70710678120.35355339060-0.86602540380.86602540380-0.2588190451-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.5-0.51-0.5-0.7071067812-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.3535533906-0.8660254038-00.8660254038-0-0.96592582630.25881904510.70710678120.3535533906-10.50.50.5-0.96592582630.70710678120.25881904510.3535533906-0.86602540380.8660254038-00-0.70710678120.9659258263-0.2588190451-0.3535533906-0.51-0.5-0.5-0.25881904510.9659258263-0.7071067812-0.3535533906-00.8660254038-0.866025403800.25881904510.7071067812-0.96592582630.3535533906

Sheet10000150.26179938780.25881904510300.52359877560.50450.78539816340.70710678120601.04719755120.86602540380751.3089969390.96592582630.7901.5707963268111051.83259571460.96592582630.71202.09439510240.866025403801352.35619449020.707106781201502.6179938780.501652.87979326580.258819045101803.1415926536001953.4033920414-0.258819045102103.6651914292-0.502253.926990817-0.707106781202404.1887902048-0.866025403802554.4505895926-0.9659258263-0.72704.7123889804-1-12854.9741883682-0.9659258263-0.73005.235987756-0.866025403803155.4977871438-0.707106781203305.7595865316-0.503456.0213859194-0.258819045103606.2831853072-003756.5449846950.258819045103906.80678408280.50

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet30001202.09439510240.86602540382404.1887902048-0.8660254038000150.26179938780.25881904511352.35619449020.70710678122554.4505895926-0.9659258263450.78539816340.3535533906300.52359877560.51502.6179938780.52704.7123889804-1901.57079632680.5450.78539816340.70710678121652.87979326580.25881904512854.9741883682-0.96592582631352.35619449020.3535533906601.04719755120.86602540381803.141592653603005.235987756-0.86602540381803.14159265360751.3089969390.96592582631953.4033920414-0.25881904513155.4977871438-0.70710678122253.926990817-0.3535533906901.570796326812103.6651914292-0.53305.7595865316-0.52704.7123889804-0.51051.83259571460.96592582632253.926990817-0.70710678123456.0213859194-0.25881904513155.4977871438-0.35355339061202.09439510240.86602540382404.1887902048-0.86602540383606.2831853072-03606.2831853072-01352.35619449020.70710678122554.4505895926-0.96592582633756.5449846950.25881904514057.06858347060.35355339061502.6179938780.52704.7123889804-13906.80678408280.54507.8539816340.51652.87979326580.25881904512854.9741883682-0.96592582634057.06858347060.70710678124958.63937979740.35355339061803.141592653603005.235987756-0.86602540384207.33038285840.86602540385409.424777960801953.4033920414-0.25881904513155.4977871438-0.70710678124357.59218224620.965925826358510.2101761242-0.35355339062103.6651914292-0.53305.7595865316-0.54507.853981634163010.9955742876-0.52253.926990817-0.70710678123456.0213859194-0.25881904514658.11578102180.965925826367511.780972451-0.35355339062404.1887902048-0.86602540383606.2831853072-04808.37758040960.866025403872012.5663706144-02554.4505895926-0.96592582633756.5449846950.25881904514958.63937979740.707106781276513.35176877780.35355339062704.7123889804-13906.80678408280.55108.90117918520.581014.13716694120.52854.9741883682-0.96592582634057.06858347060.70710678125259.1629785730.258819045185514.92256510460.35355339063005.235987756-0.86602540384207.33038285840.86602540385409.4247779608090015.707963267903155.4977871438-0.70710678124357.59218224620.96592582635559.6865773486-0.258819045194516.4933614313-0.35355339063305.7595865316-0.54507.85398163415709.9483767364-0.599017.2787595947-0.53456.0213859194-0.25881904514658.11578102180.965925826358510.2101761242-0.7071067812103518.0641577581-0.35355339063606.2831853072-04808.37758040960.866025403860010.471975512-0.8660254038108018.8495559215-03756.5449846950.25881904514958.63937979740.707106781261510.7337748998-0.9659258263112519.63495408490.35355339063906.80678408280.55108.90117918520.563010.9955742876-1117020.42035224830.54057.06858347060.70710678125259.1629785730.258819045164511.2573736754-0.9659258263121521.20575041170.35355339064207.33038285840.86602540385409.4247779608066011.5191730632-0.8660254038126021.991148575104357.59218224620.96592582635559.6865773486-0.258819045167511.780972451-0.7071067812130522.7765467385-0.35355339064507.85398163415709.9483767364-0.569012.0427718388-0.5135023.5619449019-0.54658.11578102180.965925826358510.2101761242-0.707106781270512.3045712266-0.2588190451139524.3473430653-0.35355339064808.37758040960.866025403860010.471975512-0.866025403872012.5663706144-0144025.1327412287-04958.63937979740.707106781261510.7337748998-0.965925826373512.82817000220.2588190451148525.91813939210.35355339065108.90117918520.563010.9955742876-175013.089969390.5153026.70353755550.55259.1629785730.258819045164511.2573736754-0.965925826376513.35176877780.7071067812157527.48893571890.35355339065409.4247779608066011.5191730632-0.866025403878013.61356816560.8660254038162028.274333882305559.6865773486-0.258819045167511.780972451-0.707106781279513.87536755340.9659258263166529.0597320457-0.35355339065709.9483767364-0.569012.0427718388-0.581014.13716694121171029.8451302091-0.558510.2101761242-0.707106781270512.3045712266-0.258819045182514.3989663290.9659258263175530.6305283725-0.353553390660010.471975512-0.866025403872012.5663706144-084014.66076571680.8660254038180031.4159265359-061510.7337748998-0.965925826373512.82817000220.258819045185514.92256510460.7071067812184532.20132469930.353553390663010.9955742876-175013.089969390.587015.18436449240.5189032.98672286270.564511.2573736754-0.965925826376513.35176877780.707106781288515.44616388010.2588190451193533.77212102610.353553390666011.5191730632-0.866025403878013.61356816560.866025403890015.70796326790198034.5575191895-067511.780972451-0.707106781279513.87536755340.965925826391515.9697626557-0.2588190451202535.3429173529-0.353553390669012.0427718388-0.581014.1371669412193016.2315620435-0.5207036.1283155163-0.570512.3045712266-0.258819045182514.3989663290.965925826394516.4933614313-0.7071067812211536.9137136797-0.353553390672012.5663706144-084014.66076571680.866025403896016.7551608191-0.8660254038216037.6991118431-073512.82817000220.258819045185514.92256510460.707106781297517.0169602069-0.9659258263220538.48451000650.353553390675013.089969390.587015.18436449240.599017.2787595947-1225039.26990816990.576513.35176877780.707106781288515.44616388010.2588190451100517.5405589825-0.9659258263229540.05530633330.353553390678013.61356816560.866025403890015.70796326790102017.8023583703-0.8660254038234040.8407044967-079513.87536755340.965925826391515.9697626557-0.2588190451103518.0641577581-0.7071067812238541.6261026601-0.353553390681014.1371669412193016.2315620435-0.5105018.3259571459-0.5243042.4115008235-0.582514.3989663290.965925826394516.4933614313-0.7071067812106518.5877565337-0.2588190451247543.1968989869-0.353553390684014.66076571680.866025403896016.7551608191-0.8660254038108018.8495559215-0252043.9822971503-085514.92256510460.707106781297517.0169602069-0.9659258263109519.11135530930.2588190451256544.76769531370.353553390687015.18436449240.599017.2787595947-1111019.37315469710.5261045.55309347710.588515.44616388010.2588190451100517.5405589825-0.9659258263112519.63495408490.7071067812265546.33849164040.353553390690015.70796326790102017.8023583703-0.8660254038114019.89675347270.8660254038270047.1238898038-091515.9697626557-0.2588190451103518.0641577581-0.7071067812115520.15855286050.9659258263274547.9092879672-0.353553390693016.2315620435-0.5105018.3259571459-0.5117020.42035224831279048.6946861306-0.594516.4933614313-0.7071067812106518.5877565337-0.2588190451118520.68215163610.9659258263283549.480084294-0.353553390696016.7551608191-0.8660254038108018.8495559215-0120020.94395102390.8660254038288050.2654824574-097517.0169602069-0.9659258263109519.11135530930.2588190451121521.20575041170.7071067812292551.05088062080.353553390699017.2787595947-1111019.37315469710.5123021.46754979950.5297051.83627878420.5100517.5405589825-0.9659258263112519.63495408490.7071067812124521.72934918730.2588190451301552.62167694760.3535533906102017.8023583703-0.8660254038114019.89675347270.8660254038126021.99114857510306053.4070751110103518.0641577581-0.7071067812115520.15855286050.9659258263127522.2529479629-0.2588190451310554.1924732744-0.3535533906105018.3259571459-0.5117020.42035224831129022.5147473507-0.5315054.9778714378-0.5106518.5877565337-0.2588190451118520.68215163610.9659258263130522.7765467385-0.7071067812319555.7632696012-0.3535533906108018.8495559215-0120020.94395102390.8660254038132023.0383461263-0.8660254038324056.5486677646-0109519.11135530930.2588190451121521.20575041170.7071067812133523.3001455141-0.9659258263328557.3340659280.3535533906111019.37315469710.5123021.46754979950.5135023.5619449019-1333058.11946409140.5112519.63495408490.7071067812124521.72934918730.2588190451136523.8237442897-0.9659258263337558.90486225480.3535533906114019.89675347270.8660254038126021.99114857510138024.0855436775-0.8660254038342059.6902604182-0115520.15855286050.9659258263127522.2529479629-0.2588190451139524.3473430653-0.7071067812346560.4756585816-0.3535533906117020.42035224831129022.5147473507-0.5141024.6091424531-0.5351061.261056745-0.5118520.68215163610.9659258263130522.7765467385-0.7071067812142524.8709418409-0.2588190451355562.0464549084-0.3535533906120020.94395102390.8660254038132023.0383461263-0.8660254038144025.1327412287-0360062.8318530718-0121521.20575041170.7071067812133523.3001455141-0.9659258263145525.39454061650.2588190451364563.61725123520.3535533906123021.46754979950.5135023.5619449019-1147025.65634000430.5369064.40264939860.5124521.72934918730.2588190451136523.8237442897-0.9659258263148525.91813939210.7071067812373565.1880475620.3535533906126021.99114857510138024.0855436775-0.8660254038150026.17993877990.8660254038378065.97344572540127522.2529479629-0.2588190451139524.3473430653-0.7071067812151526.44173816770.9659258263382566.7588438888-0.3535533906129022.5147473507-0.5141024.6091424531-0.5153026.70353755551387067.5442420522-0.5130522.7765467385-0.7071067812142524.8709418409-0.2588190451154526.96533694330.9659258263391568.3296402156-0.3535533906132023.0383461263-0.8660254038144025.1327412287-0156027.22713633110.8660254038396069.1150383790133523.3001455141-0.9659258263145525.39454061650.2588190451157527.48893571890.7071067812400569.90043654240.3535533906135023.5619449019-1147025.65634000430.5159027.75073510670.5405070.68583470580.5136523.8237442897-0.9659258263148525.91813939210.7071067812160528.01253449450.2588190451409571.47123286920.3535533906138024.0855436775-0.8660254038150026.17993877990.8660254038162028.27433388230414072.25663103260139524.3473430653-0.7071067812151526.44173816770.9659258263163528.5361332701-0.2588190451418573.042029196-0.3535533906141024.6091424531-0.5153026.70353755551165028.7979326579-0.5423073.8274273594-0.5142524.8709418409-0.2588190451154526.96533694330.9659258263166529.0597320457-0.7071067812427574.6128255228-0.3535533906144025.1327412287-0156027.22713633110.8660254038168029.3215314335-0.8660254038432075.3982236862-0145525.39454061650.2588190451157527.48893571890.7071067812169529.5833308213-0.9659258263436576.18362184960.3535533906147025.65634000430.5159027.75073510670.5171029.8451302091-1441076.96902001290.5148525.91813939210.7071067812160528.01253449450.2588190451172530.1069295969-0.9659258263445577.75441817630.3535533906150026.17993877990.8660254038162028.27433388230174030.3687289847-0.8660254038450078.5398163397-0151526.44173816770.9659258263163528.5361332701-0.2588190451175530.6305283725-0.7071067812454579.3252145031-0.3535533906153026.70353755551165028.7979326579-0.5177030.8923277603-0.5459080.1106126665-0.5154526.96533694330.9659258263166529.0597320457-0.7071067812178531.1541271481-0.2588190451463580.8960108299-0.3535533906156027.22713633110.8660254038168029.3215314335-0.8660254038180031.4159265359-0468081.68140899330157527.48893571890.7071067812169529.5833308213-0.9659258263181531.67772592370.2588190451472582.46680715670.3535533906159027.75073510670.5171029.8451302091-1183031.93952531150.5477083.25220532010.5160528.01253449450.2588190451172530.1069295969-0.9659258263184532.20132469930.7071067812481584.03760348350.3535533906162028.27433388230174030.3687289847-0.8660254038186032.46312408710.8660254038486084.82300164690163528.5361332701-0.2588190451175530.6305283725-0.7071067812187532.72492347490.9659258263490585.6083998103-0.3535533906165028.7979326579-0.5177030.8923277603-0.5189032.98672286271495086.3937979737-0.5166529.0597320457-0.7071067812178531.1541271481-0.2588190451190533.24852225050.9659258263499587.1791961371-0.3535533906168029.3215314335-0.8660254038180031.4159265359-0192033.51032163830.8660254038504087.9645943005-0169529.5833308213-0.9659258263181531.67772592370.2588190451193533.77212102610.7071067812508588.74999246390.3535533906171029.8451302091-1183031.93952531150.5195034.03392041390.5513089.53539062730.5172530.1069295969-0.9659258263184532.20132469930.7071067812196534.29571980170.2588190451517590.32078879070.3535533906174030.3687289847-0.8660254038186032.46312408710.8660254038198034.5575191895-0522091.10618695410175530.6305283725-0.7071067812187532.72492347490.9659258263199534.8193185773-0.2588190451526591.8915851175-0.3535533906177030.8923277603-0.5189032.98672286271201035.0811179651-0.5531092.6769832809-0.5178531.1541271481-0.2588190451190533.24852225050.9659258263202535.3429173529-0.7071067812535593.4623814443-0.3535533906180031.4159265359-0192033.51032163830.8660254038204035.6047167407-0.8660254038540094.24777960770181531.67772592370.2588190451193533.77212102610.7071067812205535.8665161285-0.9659258263544595.03317777110.3535533906

Sheet300.25881904510.50.70710678120.86602540380.965925826310.96592582630.86602540380.70710678120.50.25881904510-0.2588190451-0.5-0.7071067812-0.8660254038-0.9659258263-1-0.9659258263-0.8660254038-0.7071067812-0.5-0.2588190451-00.25881904510.5