3.Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin da chut thi lt ngm dm3.1.Gii thiu chung v sn phm- L loi sn phm hp mui chua c v chua cay, mn ngt rt hi ha, da gin chc v ngon, c hng thm c trng d kch thch ngi tiu dng.- c ch bin t da chut ngm trong dich dm .Nc dch dm bao gm dch dm, ng, mui n v cc loi gia v khc- Sn phm c dng nh mt mn n khai v, mn n chi v thng n km vi rau sng,..3.2.Nguyn liu- Da chut c ng knh 2,5- 3,5mm- Chn loi da chut t ht, ci dy, t rut, c reo trng v thu hi ng k thut.

3.3.Quy trnh sn xut

H.1.Dy chuyn sn xut theo l thuytNguyn liuLa chn, phn loiThi lt (thi tay /my)Ra loi b tp chtChn ra La chn, phn loi lt dang lonRt dchGhp npThanh trngBo n/ Dn nhnng thngThnh phm

H.2.Dy chuyn sn xut thc t3.3.1.La chn v phn loi: La chn nhng qu da chut ti tt, non khng b vng, i, su,thi, Qu phi nguyn vn khng b su, nhng qu b xy xt, gy v, d dng s b loi b khng cho vo ch bin. Khng chn qu qu non hoc qu gi s nh hng xu ti cht lng thnh phm.Sau nguyn liu c chuyn n bn ra loi b tp cht v lm sch.

Phn loi: mc ch loi b nhng qu khng quy cch, tiu chun phn loi kch thc su bn khng t yu cu.Ccqu dp nt do c hc cha nhiu vi sinh vt ln men v vi sinh vt phn hy, chng l mi nguy cho sn phm cui cng.Bn cnh ngun vi sinh vt khng mong mun th ti cc im dp nt c cc sn phm ca cc qu trnh oxy ha cng nh nhng mi v nh: mi thi, v ng..s lm cho sn phm c mi nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm nu khng c loi b k.3.3.2.Ra loi b tp cht: Ngm ra l cng on khng th thiu vi tt c cc quy trnh ch bin hp rau qu. Bi v nguyn liu qua qu trnh sinh trng pht trin, qua qu trnh thu mua vn chuyn, bo qun th trn b mt nguyn liu c rt nhiu vi sinh vt, bi bn, t ct...c bit do qu trnh chm sc vn cn li mt d lng thuc bo v thc vt trn nguyn liu...

Hnh nh : Thit b ra da tng ng vi dy truyn sn xut ca xng 1 Ngm nguyn liu nc ngm u trn b mt nguyn liu, v qu lm ti, b cc cht bn, t ct bm trn b mt nguyn liu gip cho qu trnh tr ra d dng. Bn cnh nguyn liu ht nc b sung mt phn nc t do b mt v lm tng gin ca da. Loi b ton b tp cht: t ct, bi bn...dnh trn b mt nguyn liu Loi b mt phn thuc bo v thc vt v vi sinh vt bm trn b mt nguyn liu Gip tng hiu qu thanh trng do gim c mt lng vi sinh vt v gip tng thi gian bo qun.

3.2.3.Thi lt ( bng tay v bng my):- Da thi lt c b dy t 5 n 7mm. Thi tay: Da chut thi tay c u im: trong qu trnh thi cng nhn loi b trc tip phn u v ui da chut, da chut thi lt sau khi thi sau khi thi khng cn phi la chn li. Nhc im: Nng sut thp, dy cc ming khng ng u.

Thi my: u im: nng sut cao, dy cc ming ng u. Nhc im: sau khi thi xong phi nht li phn u v ui v nhng ming khng t yu cu .

3.2.4.La chn da thi lt:- Da sau khi thi lt bng my sau khi i qua sng phn loi, loi b u, cung, khoanh nh khng t yu cu i tip qua bng chuyn phi la chn li loi b nhng ming khng t yu cu, cng nhn ng bng ti phn loi.Loi b nhng khoanh da mng, b khuyt, b su, hoc u cn st liNguyn liu t my thi chuyn qua sng phn loi, chuyn ti bng chuyn.3.2.5. Chn - Ra : - Da ming sau khi c la chn qua bng ti c xung thng chn ra bng nc nng m c b sun CaCl2, c vt ra cho sang mt thng ra khc ra li mt ln na m bo v sinh.- Chn nhm tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt, n nh mu sc ca da v ng thi gip cho dch dm d ngm vo trong sn phm cht lng s tt hn.3.2.6.ng lon:- Bn cnh da ng lon th cng ty cng sn xut da ng ti, da ng trong cc l thy tinh. Hnh nh minh ha da ng l thy tinh v da ng ti- Da ming sau khi c ra sch c chuyn qua ng lon, da ng lon bng phng php th cng ( bng tay).

ng lon v kim tra khi lng ca da trc khi qua khu tip theo3.3.7.Rt dch:- Da c ng lon v a ln bng ti t ng, qua my rt dch. Dch rt sao cho khng qu y ghp m ( ghp np ). Dch dm:l yu t quyt nh tnh cht c trng ca sn phm dm dm. Sn phm gin, ngon, chua du hay gt l ph thuc vo dch dm. Dung dch cn c chun b sn trc khi rt vo l. Thnh phn trong dch dm dng trong hp da chut dm dm gm: ng, mui, acid, nc, t l cc thnh phn ny ph thuc vo tnh cht ban u ca nguyn liu ( kh ca nguyn liu: nng ng, acid, ) hoc ph thuc vo n t hnh ca khch hng.-T l cc thnh phn trong dch c pha theo cng thc sau:

Bng . T l cc cht trong dchNguyn liuT l

ng6 %

Mui3 %

Axit axetic0,5 %

NcCn li

-Thnh phm c: TSS : 6,5 7oBx, pH : 4 6, nng axit : 0,4 0,6%.- Sau khi o nng cht kh ca nguyn liu tnh nng cc cht theo yu cu nh lng v m bo y v thnh phn nng , hm lng cc cht trn th tin hnh pha dch.- Trc tin pha ng, mui vo mt t nc sau nh lng nc n th tch theo yu cu, lc b tp cht. Thng un si dch ln sau h nhit dch xung tin hnh b xung acid thc phm (axetic v axit sorbic), cht bo qun ( c th c) tip n nng nhit dch ln nhit rt, khuy u ri em rt dch.Ch : Trong khi nu dch cht bo qun v acid thc phm khng cho vo khi un si dch v: acid thc phm v cht bo qun d b bay hi, vi cht bo qun thng b sung mt lng rt nh s rt d b gi li trn li lc.Tin hnh rt dch:L c xp vo cc bn inox c l gia chy lng dch tha ra. Dch t nhit yu cu 85 90oC c bm truyn t tank qua ng chu nhit sau c rt vo l. Qu trnh c tin hnh ng thi vi qu trnh ghp np v thanh trng.

3.2.8.Ghp m:Mc ch ca ghp m: Ngn cch hn thc phm vi mi trng khng kh v vi sinh vt bn ngoi l mt qu trnh quan trng c nh hng ti thi gian bo qun lu di ca thc phm. Np hp cn phi c ghp tht kn, chc chn, khi thanh trng thc phm v cht kh trong hn hp gin n nhiu cng khng lm h cc mi ghp hay bt np ra khi bao b. D dng cho cng on xp hp vo ni thanh trng c th hp bt k trng thi no cng khng s b chy ra ngoi. Thun li cho qu trnh thanh trng, nu ghp m khi thanh trng nhit v p sut cao, thc phm c si ln cng khng b tro ra ngoi. Thun li cho qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn t ni ny n ni khc m thc phm bn trong hp khng b chy ra ngoi. Ngn khng cho cc ng vt, cn trng chui vo lm h hng thc phm bn trong.Qu trnh ghp kn hp tin hnh bng cc loi my cu to rt khc nhau tu theo mc t ng ho ca sn xut v yu cu i vi cht lng ca sn phm cn ghp kn trong p sut chn khng hay p sut thng.Cch ghp m: bng my v tin hnh thanh trng ngay.3.2.9.Thanh trng:Trong sn xut hp c th ni thanh trng l khu quan trng khng th thiu c. N quyt nh n thi gian bo qun cng nh cht lng sn phm.Mc ch: Tiu dit vi sinh vt c hi trong hp, ngn nga, c ch s pht trin ca chng m bo cht lng sn phm, ko di thi giam bo qun. c ch hoc nh ch hot tnh ca enzym c trong thc phm, gim c bin i cht lng ca thc phm trong thi gian bo qun. Tng gi tr dinh dng, tng tiu ha ca sn phm (lm chn sn phm), tng cht lng cm quan (mu sc)Yu cu: m bo nhit , thi giam thanh trng c th c ch hoc tiu dit c vi sinh vt c hi, khng th pht trin lm h hng sn phm trong thi giam bo qun. Hn ch thp nht nhng nh hng ca nhit n cht lng cm quan ca sn phm (mu sc, mi v, trng thi ca sn phm). Lon sau thanh trng khng b mo, phng, da sau thanh trng khng v mm, nhn.Cch tin hnh:Mi mt loi sn phm yu cu c ch thanh trng khc nhau, kch c bao b khc nhau cng cn xc nh ch thanh trng sao cho thch hp nht trnh lm nh hng ti sn phm. Do vy mi loi khc nhau cn ch thanh trng ring. Vi da chut dm gim, cng ty s dng ch thanh trng trong ni hp bng nc nng c h thng cp hi.K thut thanh trng trong ni hp bng nc nng c h thng cp hi: trc khi cho hp vo, ngi ta cho hp vo ni hp v un nng ln nhit cao hn ca hp l 10- 150C. Sau cho gi hp vo, mc nc phi cao hn gi hp l 10- 16cm. Ri y np thit b li, sau cp hi nng vo n khi t nhit thanh trng quy nh, duy tr nhit ny trong sut thi gian gi nhit.

Thit b thanh trng

12

3.2.10.Bo n, dn nhn: Mc ch: Cc loi hp sau khi thanh trng lm ngui, c chuyn n kho thnh phm bo n. Trong thi gian bo n, cc thnh phn trong hp c tip tc n nh v mt phm cht v c th pht hin c cc hp hng. Thi gian n nh hp ti thiu 15 ngy. hp khng c xut xng trc thi gian ny.

Lon c xp kin v cho vo kho bo n, sau thi gian bo n s c kim tra v dn nhn, xp thng 6 lon /thng.

Sn phm da chut thi lt ngm dm sau khi hon tt cc cng on sn xut

3.4.Mt s yu cu k thut trong quy trnhCc thao tc phi nh nhng trnh gy tn thng cho da lt , khi s to iu kin cho vi sin hvt xm nhp, gim gi tr cm quan Thi lt:Chiu dy ca lt da l 5- 7mm khi thi bng tay dy ca ming khng ng u La chn da sau thi lt:Loi b lt 2 u ca qu da, nhng ming lt to ,dy qu khun hay nh qu .Loi nhng lt da rng rut, c biu hin ca su bnh.Nhng lt mm,nhn do nh hng ca cc cng on trn.

ng lon, ti: Cn kim tra k trc khi s dng cho da vo : Kim tra xem lon,ti c b r r. C vt l nh tc,tp cht bn trong khng.Khi cho da vo lon khng nn nhi nht m ta c th g mnh 1,2 ci xung bn inox cho lt da khng cn ln thun tin cho qu trnh rt dch ghp m sau.Do sn xut theo dy chuyn : Trang thit b my mc phi thng xuyn c kim tra trnh hin tng r r kim loi, my mc b hng m khng bit v ng thi c bin php khc phc kp thi nhanh chng.Vn an ton v sinh c t ra trn hng u: t trang phc bo h ca cng nhn ( qun, o , ng, gang tay..) xung quanh v ti dy chuyn sn xut.