2011. 10. 18

URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN VIET NAM

CHALLENGES AND ADAPTATION PROGRAM

TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Dr. Arch. Đo Tu Lan-Deputy Director of Urban Development Agency

Ministry of Construction

Dr. Arch. Tran Thi Lan Anh – Urban Development Agency

Ministry of construction

Nước biển dâng 1mSouth Asia Viet Nam

Climate Change Impacts in Vietnam

1 m 2 m 3 m

4 m 5 m

• Vietnam is a country that would

be seriously affected by climate

change.

• Natural disasters like floods and

droughts are increasing both in

frequency and severity

• Coastal regions and especially

in Mekong delta region suffer

the most severe flooding

• 0.75 m: ~ 19.0% of Mekong Delta

area are flooded; 1m: ~ 37.8% of

Mekong Delta area are flooded.

INTRODUCTION

Provinces: 63 (6 urbanization areas)

Total: 755 urban cities; 2 (special) and 10(Class I); 12 (Class II); 47 (Class III); 52(Class IV) & 632 (Class V); 10.000 ruralresidential areas; > 160 industrializedareas which are a basis for theongoing development ofinfrastructure; 632 new urban projects(>20ha) with a total area of 101.886 ha

Population: 85,7 mil; Urban areas: 38 mil(43,39%) and Municipal areas: 27,2 mil(31%).

Total land area: 325.360 km2; Urban land:31.061 km2, Municipal land 12.373km2; Urban constructional land:475.000 ha;

GDP: Urban sector: ~ 70% GDP of VN

Planning: 58/63 provinces/cities issuedprovincial spatial plans; 95cities/towns, 589/647 towns/provinces,161 industrial zones were developedspatial planning; 100% municipal areasin Hanoi, Haiphong, HCMC… and 40-47% of constructional land in othermunicipals has Detail planning 1/2000;

Gs. Lê Hồng Kế

Economic Region Urbanization region Network

1st period

2025

2nd period

2015

National Orientation for the Development of Vietnam

Urban System to 2025 with a vision toward 2050(Decision No.445/QĐ-TTg issued on 7thApril 2009 by the Prime Minister)

3rd period

A Program on Development of National Urban

System based on urban classification

Type In 2010 Period 2011-2015 Period 2016-2020

Special 2 2 2

Class I 10 15 19

Class II 12 22 37

Class III 47 43 58

Class IV 50 131 204

Class V 634 657 620

Total 755 870 940

a) Period 2011-2015: Investing and Constructing; improving the quality of urban areas; upgrading 05 cities from

Class II to Class I, 15 cities from Class III to Class II, 11 Urban areas in Class IV to Class III, 92 Urban areas

in Class V to Class IV and developing 132 new urban areas of Class V.

b) Period 2016-2020: Investing and Constructing; improving the quality of urban areas; evaluating and

upgrading: 04 cities from Class II to Class I, 19 cities from Class III to Class II, 28 Urban areas from Class

IV to Class III, 92 Urban areas from Class V to Class IV and developing 132 new urban areas of Class V.

CHALLENGESRapid Urbanization in large scale and with a lack of tight control

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Qu¶ng Ng·i

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CHALLENGESMissing or inaccurate information on CC impact/ risk assessment in legal

documentation systems, mechanisms, policies and standards

2. Master plan

1. Regional plan

4. Detail planning

Urban designing

5. Rural residential planning

3. Zoning plan

Urban infrastructure

development Projects

& E

Province plan (5

-10 year)

(10-20- vision 50

year)Land use &detai

l plans

International - International International – Domestic Domestic - Domestic

CHALLENGESLack of coordination, lack of information, lack of integrated multi-

sector strategies and confusion during implementation

CHALLENGESLack of planning solutions responding to climate change

- Adjust the overall

planning of urban

systems to Vietnam in

2025 and 2050 with a

vision to 2050

- Coastal zone

development planning

- Planning for 04 major

economic zones

- Planning for 02 large-

scale urban zones

- Planning for economic

zones in coastal areas

- Sector planning (land

use, transportation,

ports, IZs and EZs)

- Planning for national-

level mega cities

responding to CC.

CHALLENGESFinance on Infrastructure

Statistics of WB shows:• More than $600 million p.a. invested for water systems in urban areas• Over US$1.0 billion p.a. required to cover basic services • Need to improve procedures for identifying, designing, implementing and

managing infrastructure investments• Need more financial sources for infrastructure: loans, service fees, municipal

bonds..

Regions/Provinceshas unique and rich tourism

potentials...

CitiesHa Noi, Hai Phong, Can

Tho, Da Lat, Da Nang, Ho

Chi Minh, Hoi An, Quy

Nhon, Hue, Nha Trang;

Other outstanding destinations for tourismsHa Long Bay, Vung Tau - Con

Dao, Kontum, Mui Ne-

Phan Thiet; Phu

Quoc; Tay Ninh, Tam Coc -

Bich Dong

H¶i Phßng, Đå S¬n,CÈm Ph¶, H¹ Long, Mãng C¸i, Cöa

Lß, SÇm S¬n,Thanh Ho¸, Vinh, Hµ TÜnh

Đ«ng Híi, е N½ng, Héi An, Tam Kú, Quy Nh¬n,

Tuy Hoµ , Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, Phan Rang,

Phan ThiÕt, Đ«ng Hµ, HuÕ , Qu¶ng Ng·i Vòng

¸ng, Ch©n M©y, Dung QuÊt, V©n Phong

B¹c Liªu, Hµ Tiªn, R¹ch Gi¸, La Gi Vòng Tµu,

CHALLENGESHigh risks for investment in urban tourism and urban services

Changes in Urban architecture and landscape

Urban areas Rural areas

• Central planning to a market economy

• Rural to urban base:

– Every year urban population increasing about 1 to 1.3 mil ppl

– >600 urban areas (1999) -755 urban areas (2010)

– 20 % (1999) to 31% (2010)

– Migration & Services

1974 1986 1998

Urban form change

CHALLENGES - URBANIZATIONChanges in urban structure, function, landscapes and architecture

CHALLENGES - LACK OF CONTROL IN LAND

USE & PROJECT DISTRIBUTION The land areas issued for projects were too massive and exceeds 10 -20 years of intended

planning. Many projects constructed along rivers and coasts affecting the

flows, causing landslides and incurring high risks of the river estuary to be occluded.

Hiện trạng đất xây dựng đô thịIsues Existing Data Projection 445

In 1995 In 2005 In 2010 In 2015 In 2020 In 2025

Areas (ha) 63.000 325.195 475.000 335.000 400.000 450.000

Criteria (m2/person) 45 145 180 95 90 85

Population (mil. ppl.) 26, 35 44 52

CHALLENGES - URBAN ENVIRONMENTHeavy rains and flooding affect living environment and urban landscape

IN COASTAL URBAN AREAS

Based on:

National Target Program on Responding to CC (Decision 158/QD-TTg; CC Scenarios issued by MONRE)

National Orientation of the development of Vietnam Urban System to 2025 with a vision toward 2050;

Ten-Year Strategy on Social and Economic Development of Vietnam (2011-2020)

Strategy on Seas of Vietnam (Resolution 09-NQ/TW on 09/02/2008 of Fourth Conference of Central Committee Term 10th)

There are currently 405 urban areas, increasing by 70 cities (in 2015) and by 130 (in 2025). In the Red River Delta, there are a increase

of 15 new urban areas (in 2015), and 25 (in 2025). North Central Region and Central Coast will increase 40 new urban (in 2015), and

66 (in 2025). South East Region will increase 3 new ones (in 2015), and 15 (in 2025). In Mekong Delta, there are an increase of15 new

urban areas (in 2015), and 30 (in 2025).

COASTAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

• The project has been implementing in 34 provinces/cities under central management in the coastal and Mekong Delta areas, where are directly and indirectly affected by CC and SLR. There are 405 urban areas in total.

IDENTIFYCATION AND URBAN CLASIFICATION BASED ON its Resilience CAPACITY

1 6/10 8/12 29/47 18/50 344/632

The impact of climate change to

the development of urban system in Vietnam

Impact on residential areas

and urban poverty status

Impacts of land use structure

Impact on economic activities in coastal areas

coastal urban

Impact on central urban system

4

3

2

1

Impact on coastal urban landscape,

architecture and ecology

Impact on environment

urban

Impact on supply water supply and infrastructure

Impact on traffic system development

8

7

6

5

Guido Wyseure, KU Leuven UEPP Tailor-made Training29 June 2007

Khu đô thị hóa

Khu vực úng ngập do thủy triều

Nguồn: Nghiên cứu của JICA năm 1999

Khu vực úng ngập do mưa

SYNTHETIZED IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARD IMPACT ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT

IN 6 URBANIZATION AREAS, COASTAL ZONES, CITIES/PROVINCES

AND ALL LEVELS OF CENTRAL URBAN SYSTEMS

¼ Red River Delta area is below the sea level. Increased about 70% of saltwater

intrusion, directly impacts to residential areas, urban areas with 100-150km of River’s

estuary, 35-40km for Red River, 53km for Ninh Cơ River, 35-52km for Thai Binh

River, 25 - 65km for Tra Ly, 20-25km for Kinh Thay River, counting from the estuary

toward inland5/3/2010

SYNTHETIZED RISKS OF SALT INTRUSION

- The impact on urban water supply

Dự báo của IPCC/ 2007

SYNETHETIZED IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN

COASTAL CENTRAL REGIONS

Storm /flood / sea level rise/floods / tsunami /landslide in urban areas

- National orientation urban development to 2025

vision 2050 (Decision 445/QD-TTg on 07/04/2009)

- Regional Planning for Coastal North to 2025 and

vision to2050 (Decision 865/QD- TTg dated 07/10/2008);

- Regional planning South Central Coast 2025 (Decision 1086/QD-TTg on 08/12/2008);

- Regional planning Ho Chi Minh to 2025 and vision

to 2050 (Decision 589/QD-TTg dated 05/20/2008);

- Regional planning and key economic central to

2025 and vision to 2050 (Decision 1085/QD-TTg

on 08/12/2009)

- Mekong Delta regional planning to 2020 and

vision to 2050 (Decision 1581/QD-TTg on 09/10/2009);

- The regional planning along the coastal provinces

REVIEW, PROPOSE ADUSTMENT ON REGIONAL

PLANS, PROVINCIAL PLANS AND URBAN PLANING RESPONDING

TO CLIMATE CHANGE

10/9/2010

Central Urban system at National level:TP.HCM, Cần Thơ, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng

Central Urban system atprovince/region level: Hạ Long, Hải Phòng,Thái Bình, Nam Định, Thanh Hoá, Vinh, Hà Tĩnh, ĐồngHới, Đông Hà, Huế, Đà Nẵng, Tam Kỳ, Quảng Ngãi,Quy Nhơn, Tuy Hoà, Nha Trang, Phan Thiết, TP Hồ ChíMinh, Vũng Tàu, Bạc Liêu, Rạch Giá.

Specialized Central Urban Areas:- Sea Port (Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng, Cam Ranh, ChânMây, Vũng áng, Cái Lân - Hạ Long);

- Tourisim (Hạ Long, Sầm Sơn, Cửa Lò, Đồ Sơn, HộiAn, Vũng Tàu);

- Educational center (Huế, Vinh, Quy Nhơn, Đà

Nẵng, Nha Trang);

- Economic– logistic- commercial -petro (Vũng Tàu, Dung Quất);

- Mining Industry (Hạ Long, Cẩm Phả......).

Review , Propose on adjustment on urban planning

and approved projects in urban areas

Vân đồn

Nha Trang

Vũng Tàu

Hà tiên

Areas have over 1m height

from the sea

b) Planning for residential areas where is low potential for development

The area is in a good geological condition

a) Planning for parks/agricultural lands where the land in a good condition

QHC 1998

The consequences of incomplete analysis:

a) Planning for parks and agricultural land located in areas which are in good condition

b) Planning for residential areas located in poor land conditions and far away from the

center

Considering MASTER PLAN FOR TP. HCM TIDES to

ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE

An example on GIS

- Lack of technical and social infrastructure

- Living environment is increasingly extremely degraded!

Development of medium and

large sized housing projects

Urbanization areas from 2000-2005 ( )

Development of residential

housing and industrial zone

with a lack of tight control

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and

soil conditions / technical analysis of land conditions

Analyze the current status of land

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and soil conditions

Areas has 1m-height construction above the SL

The area has good soil conditions

Urbanized area nearcity centre

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and

soil conditions / technical analysis of land

conditions

Analyze the current status of land / Urbanized area

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization

and soil conditions

URBANNIZATION AREA

The area flooded by high tides

Source: JICA study in 1999

The area flooded by rains

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and

soil conditions / technical analysis of land

conditions

2010- survey at 03 cities

Since 2009, the Department of Urban Development has carried out

research project to develop coastal urban climate response to CC,

submitting to the Government. In 2010, the Department works in

cooperation with the People's Committee, wards, and residential

clusters in 03 cities of Haiphong, Nha Trang, Ca Mau and the

departments of construction, the departments of natural resources and

environment of Khanh Hoa, Ca Mau and Hai Phong in order to

evaluate the effects of climate change to urban development of the

three provinces; and initially provide evaluations and

recommendations to respond to CC in the three cities of Hai Phong,

Nha Trang and Ca Mau.

cµ mAU city

Based on calculations, if sea level rises to 0.7 m, the area of Ca Mau will be flooded up to 28%.

At Cà Mau city – Cà Mau Province

Climate change and sea level rise with an increase in both frequency and intensity;

increasing land area flooded, making it difficult for water drainage, increasing menace on

the security of sea dykes, increasing coastal erosion, causing salt water intrusion,

affecting residential population, infrastructure and buildings

Location of Ca Mau province in the

Mekong Delta

Need more research

on the frequency of

these events : 10

years interval instead

of 50 years as

currently studied.

This information will

influence investment

decisions of the

government,

enterprises and

citizens

Survey in Nha trang city

In Nha Trang city- Khanh Hoa province

Climate change also impacts directly and indirectly to the cultural activities,

tourism, trade and services. In the field of tourism, sea level rise affects coastal

beaches, many beautiful beaches can be lost, affecting the construction and

exploitation. The eco-tourism and related infrastructure projects in low coastal areas

could be flooded and forced to be moved; trading activities, some new urban area in

the southern part of the city; obstructions to flow.

Survey in Hai phong city

In Hai Phong city- Northern Coastal Region

Warning: In the northern coastal region and the Red River Delta, if sea level

rise 1 m, a large area of Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Hung Yen and

part of Ha Nam and Ninh Binh province where high ground water level is lower than the

average sea level will be heavily flooded if the dike breaks.

A survey in the city shows that there is an increase areas and population both

in the municipals (eg: Hai An district) and sub-urban areas (such as Quang Vinh, Tien

Lang district) affected by flooding, coastal erosion, invasive salinization and

environmental degradation, etc. This affects investments for urban development and

exploitation in the city.

Hai Phong city

12

4Project on Vietnam Urban development adapting to

climate change, submitting to the Government in 2012

11

National target programs to adapt to climate

change (Decision No. 158/QD-TTg); Climate

change scenarios of the Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment

National orientation and Urban

Development Program of Vietnam to 2025-

2050

3Ten-year Strategy for Social- Economic

Development (2011 -2020) / Vietnam’s Sea

Development Strategy toward 2020

BASIS

FOR

IMPLE

MENTA

TION

PROJECT ON VIETNAM URBAN SYSTEM

DEVELOPMENT ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Intended Survey ProgramFollowing the survey work in 2010, the Department of Urban Development continued

to collect survey research from the Vietnam Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning; Projects to examine the effects of climate change and sea level rise on Vietnam urban areas of the Centers for Environmental protection and Planning for Sustainable Development- Vietnam Urban Planning and Development Association coordinated with the project component of environmental sustainability of the poor- Ministry of Construction (MOC SDU-DANIDA), the ODA projects, WB, ADB and other relevant studies undertaken to synthesize a comprehensive analysis;

Continue to surveying at these provices:- Midland and northern mountainous region: select Lao Cai province (Lao Cai

city);

- Red Delta River region: select Quang Ninh province (Vân Đồn);

- Coastal Central region- Coastal Northern Central region: Survey in Thanh Hoa province (Sầm Sơn)/ Coastal Central Centre: Binh Dinh province (Quy Nhon City)/ Coastal Sourthern Region: Binh Thuan province (Phan Thiet city);

- Highland region: select Lam Dong province (02 urban areas of Ninh Van and Nam Ban- Lam Ha district; Di Linh district- Lam Dong);

- South East Region and HCMC: select Ba Rya Vung Tau (Vung Tau city);

- Mekong Delta Region: select Kien Giang province (Ha Tien suburban).

The key actions

Measures

Mitigation

Climate change

Existing

CC impacts

Adaptation

Programs

/Policies

Adaptation Plan

Poor impact

Damage?

Risk impact?

vuln

era

bili

ty

inte

rvention

KEY ACTIONS

1. Develop tools for assessment:

- Database and mapping (GIS) to the scale of 1/2000

- Develop programs, set of indicators assessing CC impact levels, inaccordance with areas which has specialized natural conditions inVietnam, supporting policy making and identifying risk-reducedinvestment projects.

2. Develop tools for control:- Improvement of legal documents, to enhance the effects, mechanisms andpolicies on construction management and urban development under thespecific conditions of the area and the impact of urban;

3. Develop implementation supporting tools:

- Awareness raising, capacity and professional advice, management of urbandevelopment to limit climate change effects to urban development

- Develop regulations on urban growth management adapting to CC risks dueto natural hazards

- The development of programs for urban development need urgentinvestment given the deep impacts of CC and sea level rise…

Conclusion

2

3

Increase financial support for the development of

mechanism and policies and technical standards that

support the assessments and adjustments of CC

adaptation measures in each period

Develop a library for storage and sharing

information on status and measures of CC

adaptation

1Enhance the collaboration and cooperation in

implementing survey programs; sharing

assessment results of local departments

In order to comprehensively implement a program responding to CC in coastal urban

areas, it is necessary to involve the participation of coastal localities and scientists in

ministries/departments; some immediate actions include:

THANK YOU