1. art is personal expression

(14 mention)（個人情感表達、 art is 我） :

(~ creativity as a democratic idea- see Thierry de Duve)

”I like America and America likes me” Joseph Beuys (1974)

“How to explain pictures to a dead hare” Joseph Beuys (1965)

2. art is communication, for the society and humanity; for the communal enjoyment

（為社會、與人溝通 ......） (12):

“Ways of seeing “ John Berger “death of the author” Roland Barthes

Marx and ideology-critque

Frankfurt school

3. art has no boundary and absolute freedom

（無限制） (6):

intrinsic vs. extrinsic value “art for arts sake”

4. art is for cultivating taste and personality

（修心養性、陶冶性情） (4)

moral perfection (~ Bourdieu “cultural capital)

- (~ Schiller: play, freedom and the moral perfection of citizens) 蔡元培：以美育代宗教說 (1917) www.tjarts.edu.cn/tj%20arts/word/1/17.doc ； (~ 陳雲：「不義也是品味問題」，《明報》．世紀， 2010年 12月。http://www.siuding.com/2010/12/by_30.html )

5. art doest not relate to money (3):(see Marx) but also see this:

姜文：《讓子彈飛》 (2010) 1億 4千萬

吳宇森：《赤壁》 (2008) 4.5億

許鞍華 : 《天水圍的日與夜》 (2008) （傳 60萬）

6. art is about ideas (1):

the Latin word 'Lars' and its relation to technique

Lucy Lippard: dematerialization

”One and Three Chairs” Joseph Kosuth (1956)

(~ Hegel: spirit)

7. art is beauty (1):

“The Artists's Shit ” Piero Manzoni (1961)

art & beauty

relativism and usefulness

8. art is about newness (1):

- novelty, authenticity, creativity and newness:

- art has to pursue newness is an Avant guard idea, relatively “new”

- but how can one know something is new, one may require guesswork as well as mature judgment; recognition of innovation is usually made in retrospect. (Negus & Pickering p. 9-10)

- in search for novelty is market term- which presume short-term market cycles and other new items will rapidly succeed the previous, i.e. “consumer aesthetics”- in pursuit of novelty in a fetishistic form; “compulsory obsolescence” - shortened life-span of designed products (N & P p. 10) (see more, go to my other course on “creativity”. )

So that's what we shall have to look at: Definition:

1. what is art (meaning system) &

2. who is an artist (social system);

3. critique (value system/ aesthetics) 

Reference:Osborne, Richard & Dan Sturgis (2006) Art Theory for beginners. New Hampshire. (O p. x) Negus, Keith and Michael Pickering: "Creation", Creativity, Communication and Cultural Value, London, Sage, 2006, pp.1-21. (N & P p. 10) (see more, go to my other course on “creativity”. )

On education: 1. David Mollin (2010) “The Governing of Appropriateness”.

- professional ethics of art- the art school and the art world as a circulation of discourses ; “the criteria for judging work in art school is the point wher art schools a trying to judge a good artwork in the art school as closely as possible to what they consider a good artwork in the art world [...] And this is what the art school needs to do, while at the same time appeasing management, in order to adhere to and apply professional ethics of the discourse/ art profession.” (p.3) 2. Thierry de Duve (1994) “ When Form has become attitude- and beyond” in Kocur, Zoya & Simon Leung. (2005) Theory in Contemporary Art Since 1985. Malden, MA : Blackwell, pp. 19-31)

- art education old and new model: talent vs. creativity; metier (technique) vs. medium; imitation vs. invention;

- crisis (?) : talent and creativity vs. attitude; meiter and medium vs practices; imitation & invention vs. deconstruction