maswavleblis wigni

dedaenis gakveTilebi

pirvel klasSi

I klasi

qarTuli anbanida

sakiTxavi wigni

I

naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZenaTela maRlakeliZe

qarTuli anbani dasakiTxavi wigni

moswavlis

rveuli

maswavleblis wigni

dedaenis gakveTilebi

pirvel klasSi

I klasi

naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZe,

sofiko mexaSiSvili, irine nadiraSvili

dafinansebulia `moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebiT

uzrunvelyofis programis~ farglebSi

naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZe,

sofiko mexaSiSvili, irine nadiraSvili

dedaenis gakveTilebi

pirvel klasSi

maswavleblis wigni

naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZe,

sofiko mexaSiSvili, irine nadiraSvili

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa

da mecnierebis saministros mier 2018 wels

avtorebi _ naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZe,

sofiko mexaSiSvili, irine nadiraSvili

redaqtori _ neli elizbaraSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa _ elene varamaSvili

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2018

naTela maRlakeliZe, 2018

yvela ufleba daculia

ISBN 978-9941-25-387-4

dedaenis gakveTilebi

pirvel klasSi

maswavleblis wigni

Sps `gamomcemloba meridiani~

al. yazbegis #47, Tbilisi,

tel.: (+995 32) 239 15 22

E-mail: meridiani777@gmail.com

3

maswavleblis wignis struqtura

rekomendaciebi maswavleblebisaTvis

I. saxelmZRvanelos koncefcia 4

II. informacia saxelmZRvanelos gamoyenebis Sesaxeb 5

III. moswavlis rveulis aRwera da gamoyeneba 8

IV. maswavleblis wignis aRwera da gamoyeneba 9

V. erovnuli saswavlo gegma _ I klasis qarTuli enisa da literaturis standarti 12

VI. sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi: 19

1) winasaanbano periodi (22 gakveTilis scenari) 19

gamWoli kompetenciebi winasaanbano periodisaTvis 35

zepirmetyvelebaSi Sefasebis rubrika winasaanbano periodisaTvis 35

winasaanbano periodis Semdeg mosalodneli Sedegebi 36

2) saanbano periodi (48 gakveTilis scenari) 37

gamWoli kompetenciebi saanbano periodisaTvis 83

Sefasebis rubrikebi saanbano periodisaTvis 84

saanbano periodis Semdeg mosalodneli Sedegebi 85

3) anbanisSemdgomi periodi (18 gakveTilis scenari) 86

samodelo gakveTilis nimuSi anbanisSemdgomi periodisaTvis 97

Sefasebis rubrikebi anbanisSemdgomi periodisaTvis 106

4

rekomendaciebi maswavleblebisaTvis

I. saxelmZRvanelos koncefcia

warmodgenili kompleqti Sedegeba sami

wignisagan: moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo _

`qarTuli anbani da sakiTxavi wigni~, kali-

grafiuli rve uli, maswavleblis wigni.

moswavlis wigni eyrdnoba im principebs,

romelTac qarTul sinamdvileSi safuZveli

iakob gogebaSvilma Cauyara da dResac

warmatebiT gamoiyeneba qarTuli wera-kiT-

xvis swavlebisas. es principebia:

a) wera-kiTxvis swavleba analizur-sinTe-

zuri (daRmaval-aRmavali) meTodiT;

b) anbanis swavlebisas kiTxva-weris xer-

xis gamoyeneba;

g) kiTxvisa da weris erTdrouli swavleba;

d) qarTuli anbanis grafikuli Tavisebu-

rebebis gaTvaliswineba (Sesaswavli aso-

bgerebis Tanmimdevroba, oTxxazian badeSi

wera...);

e) sakiTxavi masalis SerCevisa da dala-

gebis principi...

SevCerdebiT TiToeul am principze cal-

calke:

a) bgeriTi analizur-sinTezuri/daRma-

val-aRmavali meTodis arsi Semdegia: wera-

kiTxvis swavlebis procesSi erTdroulad

xdeba rogorc analizi/daRmasvla (wina-

dadebis daSla sityvebad, sityvebisa _

marcvlebad, marcvlebisa _ aso-bgerebad),

ise _ sinTezi/aRmasvla (aso-bgerebisagan

jer marcvlebis, Semdeg sityvebis, bolos

ki winadadebebis Sedgena da wakiTxva). cno-

bilia, rom qarTuli ena ZiriTadad fo-

netikuri dawerilobisaa. aq imdeni bgeraa,

ramdenic asoa, TiToeul asos TiTo bgera

Seesatyviseba: sityvaSi imdeni aso iwereba,

ramdeni bgerac ismis masSi. umravles Sem-

TxvevaSi sityvis warmoTqma da wera erTma-

neTs emTxveva. aq ar aris rbili da magari

Tanxmovnebi, naxevarxmovnebi, difTongebi,

maxviliani da umaxvilo xmovnebi... ar aris

dacilebuli erTmaneTisagan warmoTqma da

wera, rogorc es sxva enebSia (rusuli, in-

glisuri, franguli, germanuli...). qarTulSi

sityvas damarcvla uxerxdeba da SesaZle-

beli xdeba Sesaswavli bgeris gamoyofa.

gamocdilebam daadastura, rom, qarTuli

enis specifikidan gamomdinare, es meTodi

(bgeriTi analizur-sinTezuri/aRmaval-

daRmavali) qarTuli anbanis swavlebisas

ualternativoa (gansxvavebiT im enebisagan,

sadac warmoTqma da wera dacilebulia da

amitomac wera-kiTxvas gansxvavebuli meTo-

diT aswavlian).

b) anbanis swavlebis kiTxva-weris xerxi _

arsebobs analizur-sinTezuri meTodis ori

xerxi: wera-kiTxvisa da kiTxva-werisa. qarTu-

li anbanis swavlebisas viyenebT kiTxva-weris

xerxs, rac Semdegs gulisxmobs _ axal asos

moswavleebi jer kiTxviT swavloben, Sem-

deg ki weren mas. qarTulSi kiTxva ufro

advilia, vidre wera, radganac aq ar aris

arsebiTi gansxvaveba beWdursa da xelnawer

asoebs Soris, yovel asos ZiriTadad erTi

bgera Seesatyviseba, rac aadvilebs kiTxvis

process (Sdr. rusuli, sadac erTi da igive

aso sxvadasxva poziciaSi sxvadasxvagvarad

ikiTxeba, amitomac axlad Seswavlil asos aq

jer weren da Semdeg kiTxuloben);

g) kiTxvisa da weris erTdrouli swavleba

_ kiTxva-weris xerxi aramc da aramc ar gu-

lisxmobs kiTxvisa da weris erTmaneTisagan

daSorebas (igulisxmeba jer kiTxvis, xolo

ramdenime Tvis Semdeg weris swavleba, risi

precedentebic qarTul sinamdvileSi aris).

kiTxva xels uwyobs weras, wera ki _ kiTxvas.

rogorc iakob gogebaSvili aRniSnavda, ar

unda dagvaviwydes, rom ̀ maswavlebelma kiTx-

vasTan erTad unda SeaerTos werac, radgan

Cvens meTodSi (analizur-sinTezuri _ n. m.)

wera maSvelebeli RonisZiebaa kiTxvisaTvis~.

marTlac, wera-kiTxvis swavlebis procesi

erTiani, ganuyofeli procesia. am meTodiT

erTsa da imave gakveTilze axali aso jer

kiTxviT Seiswavleba, Semdeg _ weriT;

5

d) qarTuli anbanis grafikuli Tavise-

bu rebebis gaTvaliswineba _ qarTuli anbani

weris swavlebis TvalsazrisiT ramdenadme

specifikuria. mis Taviseburebas Seadgens

asoTa simrgvale da werisas maTi vertika-

loba. mxolod erTaderTi kuTxovani aso

gvaqvs (xelnaweri , romelic ufro da ufro

iSviaTad gamoiyeneba). arsebiTi momentia

isic, rom beWduri da xelnaweri asoebis

didi umravlesoba identuria _ maT Soris

ar aris didi dacileba. es yvelaferi amar-

tivebs qarTuli anbanis Seswavlas, magram

gvaqvs sirTulec _ es aris qarTuli asoebis

moxazuloba. am TvalsazrisiT rom qarTuli

anbani rusul anbans SevadaroT, vnaxavT,

rom rusulSi 32 asodan 26 (а, г, е, и, о, к, ж, л, м, н, п, с, т, ы, ц, ш, щ, я) Sua xazze iwereba,

ori aso (б, в) iwereba xazzeviT, sami (д, у, р) _ xazqveviT, erTi aso ki (ф) _ samive xazze.

evropul enebSi 23 asodan Sua xaze iwereba

14, sami _ xazzeviT, sami _ xazqveviT, ori

_ xazzeviT da qveviT. rogorc vxedavT, aq

asoebis umravlesoba Sua xazzea ganTavsebu-

li. qarTulSi ki 33 asodan Sua xazze iwereba

mxolod oTxi (i, a, T, o), xazzeviT _ 13 (z, m,

n, r, C, b, s, x, S, w, h, Z, p), xazqveviT _ 14 (d,

e, v, k, l, J, t, u, f, R, y, c, j, J), ori aso

(q, W) _ samive xazze. swored amitom SearCia

iakob gogebaSvilma qarTuli anbani saTvis

oTxxaziani bade (gansxvavebiT sxva enebisa-

gan, sadac erTi xazi xSirad sakmarisia asoTa

moxazulobis dasaufleblad). Cveni rekomen-

dacia am etapze maswavleblisaTvis iqneba

_ anbanis Seswavlis procesSi gamoiyenos

oTxxaziani bade, rac gauadvilebs moswav-

les sawer sivrceSi orientirebas (zemoT,

qvemoT, SuaSi, marjvniv, marcxniv), aseve

xels Seuwyobs asoTa vertikalobis dacvas,

asoTa da sityvaTa Soris saWiro Sualedebis

datovebas, qarTuli asoebis elementebis

(rkali, rgoli, swori xazi, almaceri xazi

da mrudi xazi...) dauflebas, asos calkeuli

nawilebis werisas garkveuli proporciebis

dacvas... qarTuli anbanis Seswavlis Semdeg

maswavlebels SeuZlia saweri badis Secvla.

wignSi Sesuli yvela savarjiSo gaTvli-

lia moswavleTa aqtiurobaze, maTSi damo-

ukidebeli azrovnebis formirebaze; es

savarjiSoebi uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa

CarTvas sagakveTilo procesSi da ZiriTadi

sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis dauflebasTan

erTad aswavlis maT sakuTari azris logi-

kurad dasabuTebas, msjelobas, sxvisi naaz-

revis mosmenasa da analizs... wignSi farTod

aris warmodgenili logikuri savarjiSoebis

sistema, romelTa mizania, erTi mxriv, enob-

riv masalaze dakvirveba da moswavleebSi

lingvisturi alRos TandaTan gamomuSaveba,

metyvelebis ganviTareba, meore mxriv ki _

iseTi saazrovno operaciebis formireba,

rogoricaa: Sedareba-Sepirispireba, cnebis

dakonkreteba/ganzogadeba, analizi da sin-

Tezi, problemis gadaWra...

II. informacia saxelmZRvanelos

ga moyene bis Sesaxeb

saxelmZRvanelo Sedgeba sami nawilisgan:

a) winasaanbano, b) saanbano, g) anba nisSem dgomi

periodi.

a) winasaanbano periodi:

am periodSi maswavleblis mizania moamza-

dos moswavle qarTuli wera-kiT xvis Sesas-

wavlad, gamoumuSaos sityvis bgeriTi anal-

izisa da sinTezis Cvevebi, ganuviTaros mas

fonematuri smena, gaumdidros metyveleba

axali leqsikuri erTeulebiT, imuSaos ele-

mentaruli stilisturi Cvevebis formire-

baze, daauflos qarTul bgeraTa marTl-

warmoTqmas, gaacnos sametyvelo etiketis

formebi.

zepirmetyvelebaze muSaoba winasaanbano

periodSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba warimarTos:

1. kiTxva-pasuxi moswavleTaTvis nacnobi

Temebis irgvliv _ es SeiZleba iyos: bunebis

suraTebi, moswavleTa garToba-TamaSebi,

maTi ojaxi, ojaxis wevrebi, frinvelebi da

cxovelebi, weliwadis droebi, sayvareli

filmebi... kiTxvebze pasuxiT gairkveva, ra

leqsikuri maragiT movida bavSvi skolaSi,

6

ramdenad flobs igi qarTul enas, rogoria

misi metyveleba, rogor gamoTqvams qarTul

bgerebs, aqvs Tu ara defeqti metyvelebaSi...

2. Txroba nacnob sagnebsa da movlenebze

_ moswavleebi gadmoscemen STabeWdilebebs,

epizodebs sakuTari cxovrebidan. es gabmul

metyvelebaze muSaobis erT-erTi formaa,

magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom moswavleTa

leqsikuri maragi araerTgvarovania, maT

jer kidev ar SeuZliaT gamarTuli Txroba,

uZneldebaT aRwera, msjeloba, mravlad

uSveben stilistur da gramatikul Secdo-

mebs. maswavlebels aq moTmineba marTebs _

igi zedmetad ar unda Caerios moswavleTa

TxrobaSi.

3. sabavSvo literaturuli nawarmoebebis

mosmena _ igi uRvivebs moswavleebs interess,

momavalSi Tavadac waikiTxon. nawarmoebis

mosmenas mosdevs analizi kiTxva-pasuxis

saxiT, rac xels uwyobs rogorc mosmenilis

gaazrebas, aseve _ metyvelebis ganviTarebas.

4. mcire moculobis leqsebis dazepireba

_ es marTlmetyvelebaze muSaobis erT-erTi

formaa, aseve uviTarebs moswavleebs esTe-

tikur gemovnebas, aCvevs mxatvrul saxeebze

dakvirvebasa da momavalSi maT gamoyenebas.

aqve maswavlebels SevaxsenebT, rom daze-

pireba ar unda iyos TviTmizani. mas unda miv-

ceT saxaliso (da arasavaldebulo) forma.

igi moswavlisaTvis (mSoblisaTvisac) ar unda

iqces sasjelad.

5. suraTis aRwera _ moswavleebs am miz-

niT SeiZleba SevTavazoT kompoziciuri

suraTebi, romlebzec maTTvis saintereso

sagnebi da movlenebi iqneba gamosaxuli.

suraTis aRwera xels uwyobs ara mxolod

leqsikonis gamdidrebas, aramed gabmuli

Txrobis unaris gamomuSavebasac.

6. fonematuri smenis ganviTareba _ am

periodSi moswavleebi praqtikulad akvir-

debian, rom ambavi winadadebebisagan Sedgeba,

winadadebebi _ sityvebisagan, sityvebi _

bgerebisagan. am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

taqtis xerxi (analizisas xelis ritmuli

moZraobis/taSis gamoyeneba). moswavleebs

vavarjiSebT bgeraTa marTlwarmoTqmaze,

gansakuTrebiT es exeba sisin-SiSina bgerebs

(Z, c, w, s, j, C, W, J, S), sonor bgerebs (l da

r), qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yru mkve-

Trebs (p, t, k, y,). am mizniT wignSi CarTuli

gvaqvs e. w. `enis gasatexebi~.

7. fonematuri smenis ganviTarebas ukav-

Sirdeba kiTxvisa da werisaTvis mzadeba, rac

iTvaliswinebs bgeris obieqtivacias, fonemis

identificirebas, xelis kunTebis gavarjiSe-

bas, sawer sivrceSi orientirebas, qarTuli

asoebis calkeuli detalebis dauflebas

(vertikaluri da horizontaluri xazebi,

rkalebi, rgolebi). xelis savarjiSoebi

mocemulia rogorc `moswavlis wignSi~, ise

kaligrafiul rveulSi. sametyvelo bgeris/

fonemis obieqtivaciisaTvis viyenebT e. w.

`elkoninis ujrebs~, Semogvaqvs pirobiT

niSanTa sistema asosTvis, marcvlisTvis,

sityvisTvis, winadadebisaTvis; xmovani da

Tanxmovani bgerebisaTvis sxvadasxva simbo-

loebs viyenebT: _ xmovani, _ Tanxmovani.

amave periodSi ecnobian moswavleebi

saxelmZRvanelos gamoyenebis wesebs (yda,

sarCevi, teqsti, ilustracia), arkveven sa-

titulo ydaze moTavsebuli simboloebis

mniSvnelobas.

winasaanbano periodis xangrZlivoba

damokidebulia klasis saerTo doneze.

Cveulebriv igi daaxloebiT sami kvira

grZeldeba. saxelmZRvaneloSic masala sami

kvirisTvis aris warmodgenili. Tumca mas-

wavlebels Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr SeuZlia

am drois Semcireba an gazrda.

b) saanbano periodSi moswavles erT jer-

ze mxolod erT asos vacnobT (gamonakli-

sia pirveli gakveTili, sadac a da i asoebi

erTad ecnoba). TiToeuli axlad Seswavli-

li aso-bgeris Semdeg saxelmZRvaneloSi

mocemulia matarebeli. misi vagonebi Tan-

daTan ivseba Seswavlili aso-bgerebiT. amas

erTgvari saxaliso elferi Seaqvs saswavlo

procesSi.

7

Sesaswavli asoebi dalagebulia Semdegi

principiT: a) geneturobis, b) gavrcele-

bulobis, d) warmoTqmisa da e) weris siad-

vile/sirTulis mixedviT. TiToeuli aso

ecnoba e. w. `saanalizo sityvis~ meSveobiT.

me-15 asos Semdeg saanalizo teqstTan

(izolire bul sityvebsa da winadadebebTan)

erTad SesaZleblad CavTvaleT moswavlisaT-

vis migvewodebina e. w. siuJeturi teqstebic

(winamdebare gamocemis erT-erTi siaxle

swored es aris).

g) anbanisSemdgomi periodisaTvis Ziri-

Tadad warmo dgenili gvaqvs qarTuli sayma-

wvilo lite raturis nimuSebi, sadac didi

adgili uWiravs i. gogebaSvilis moTxrobebs

rubrikiT `brZenkacis darigeba~. vecadeT,

rom sakiTxavi masala Tematurad da Janro-

brivad mravalferovani yofiliyo _ leqsebi,

moTxrobebi, zRaprebi, SemecnebiTi xasiaTis

teqstebi... sakiTxavi masala SevarCieT sami

ZiriTadi principis _ didaqtikuri, asakobri-

vi da esTetikuri _ mixedviT. yovel sakiTxav

teqsts win uZRvis rubrika `kiTxvisaTvis

mzadeba~, romelic niadags amzadebs teqstis

wasakiTxad. igi aqtiurad rTavs moswavles

sagakveTilo procesSi da maswavleblis

partniorad aqcevs. es rubrika gulisxmobs

siuJeturi suraTis/andazis mixedviT zepiri

teqstis agebas, deformirebuli teqstis aRd-

genas, sayrdeni sityvebis gamoyenebiT zepiri

Txzulebis Sedgenas... misi mizania Sesaswavli

sakiTxis irgvliv ukve nacnobi informaciis

wesrigSi moyvana, aseve kiTxvis motivaciis

aRZvra. igi gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc indi-

vidualuri, aseve jgufuri muSaobisaTvis.

yovel teqstSi Savi SriftiT aris awyo-

bili sityvebi, romlebic, savaraudod, klasis

didi nawilisTvis gaugebaria. es uadvilebs

moswavleebs axali leqsikuri erTeulebis

SemCnevas teqstSi, amave dros swored am

sityvebis gamoyenebiT sruldeba momdevno

gverdze mocemuli aqtivoba ̀ sit yvis salaro~.

meTodikur aparatSi, romle bic am sakiTxav

masalas axlavs, xSirad cal kea gamoyofili

leqsikur-frazeologiuri savarjiSoebi,

romlebic teqstSi saWiro sit yvis an frazis

moZiebasa da saTanado ad gilas Casmas isaxavs

miznad. am savarjiSoebis mizania, moswavlem

SeZlos axlad Seswavlili leqsikuri erTeu-

lis metyvelebaSi praqtikulad gamoyeneba.

teqstebis bolos mocemulia kiTxvebi,

romlebic iTvaliswineben ara mxolod faq-

tobrivi masalis konstantirebas (eqsplici-

turi masalis moZieba), aramed analizs,

sinTezs, Sefasebas, daskvnebis gamotanas,

sakuTari poziciis dafiqsirebas wakiTxulis

Sesaxeb (implicituri). gTxovT, yuradReba

miaqcioT rubrikas `SearCieT pasuxi da daa-

sabuTeT Tqveni azri~. es ar gaxlavT daxu-

ruli tipis testuri davaleba erTaderTi

swori pasuxiT. igi moswavles sTavazobs

arCevans _ mocemuli pasuxebidan aarCios

erT-erTi, romelic misTvis misaRebia, oRond

ise, rom aucileblad daasabuTos Tavisi

azri. am tipis savarjiSos mizania, aswavlos

moswavles _ mkiTxvels _ sakuTari azris

dasabuTeba, alternatiuli azris mo smena,

moamzados momavalSi diskusiisaTvis. Tu

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli alternatiuli

pasuxebidan moswavles ar akmayofilebs arc

erTi, mas SeuZlia sakuTari variantis Semo-

Tavazebac. ar aris aucilebeli teqstis gaaz-

rebisas mzamzareuli receptebis SeTavazeba.

sakiTxav masalasTan integrirebiT xdeba

teqstis enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze

dakvirvebac, rac saxelmZRvaneloSi aRniSnu-

lia specialuri simboloTi. am etapze,

bunebrivia, Tavs vikavebT enobrivi defini-

ciebis miwodebisagan. am rubrikis mizania

daakvirvos moswavle enis gamomsaxvelobiT

saSualebebze, praqtikulad daauflos marT-

lwarmoTqmasa da marTlweras.

TiToeuli teqstis boloSi specialuri

pirobiTi niSniT aRniSnulia saweri davaleba,

romelic maswavlebels, ra Tqma unda, SeuZ-

lia Secvalos moswavleTa interesisa da

kompetenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sawerad am

etapze moswavleebs vTavazobT Semdeg dava-

8

pirobiTi niSnebi

lebebs: miTiTebuli adgilis moZebna teqstSi

da misi amowera, TxrobiTi winadadebis

(terminis gareSe) bolos wertilis dasma,

kiT xvaze martivi pasuxis gacema, deformire-

buli winadadebis aRdgena, gamotovebuli

sityvis Casma, sityvebis, asos dalageba wina-

dadebad, winadadebis dasruleba.

III. moswavlis rveulis aRwera da

gamoyeneba:

`moswavlis rveuli~ ZiriTadad warmoad-

gens kaligrafiuli savarjiSoebis krebuls.

misi mizania daauflos moswavle qarTuli

asoebis moxazulobas, Camouyalibos erTiani,

sazogado xeli. qarTuli anbanis grafikuli

Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, saweri bade

oTxxaziania. aq mocemulia savarjiSoebi

winasaanbano da saanbano periodebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba anbanisSemdgom sawer masalas,

is mocemulia moswavlis wignSi.

winasaanbano periodisTvis warmodge-

nili masala emsaxureba werisaTvis mzade-

bas. misi mizania, miaCvios moswavle sawer

sivrceSi orientirebas. pirvelad advilad

Sesasrulebeli savarjiSoebi eZleva _ wer-

tilebi, wertilebs Soris vertikaluri,

horizontaluri xazebi; Semdeg am xazebis

SeerTeba; rkalebi, ovalebi (qarTuli aso-

ebis ZiriTadi elementebi). amgvarad mzad-

deba moswavleTa xelis mtevani werisaT-

vis, uviTardeba saTanado motorikuli

Cvevebi.

moswavleTa aqtivobebisaTvis saxelmZ-

RvaneloSi warmodgenilia rubrikebi: daaTva-

liere, moismine, moyevi, ipove Secdoma... rac

saTanado simbolikiT aris aRniSnuli (maTi

ganmarteba mocemulia saxelmZRvanelos sa-

titulo gverdze). aqve gTavazobT am simbo-

likebis axsnas: