UNIVERSITATEA SPIRU HARET FACULTATEA DE PSIHOLOGIE-SOCIOLOGIE

Prof. univ. dr. Mihai Golu

FUNDAMENTELE PSIHOLOGIEI

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I. OBIECTUL PSIHOLOGIEI

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METODELE PSIHOLOGIEI

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3VLKLFXOFDDWDUHHVWHOLSVLWGHDVHPHQHDSURSULHW LHOQXDUHQLFLOXQJLPHQLFLgrosime, nici volum, nici greutate, nici miros, nici gust. Singura dimensiune, care se UHFXQRWHD SURFHVHORU L WULULORU SVLKice era durata; dar, numai pe baza ei, nu era SRVLELO FRQVWUXLUHD XQXL VLVWHP FRPSOHW GH FRRUGRQDWH L PVXUWRUL FDUH V ILHtratabil matematic.

Acesta era principalul argument invocat de marele filosof german Immanuel Kant, pentru a respinge n mod categoric posibilitatea desprinderii psihologiei de ILORVRILHLFRQVWLWXLUHDHLvQWU-RWLLQ LQGHSHQGHQW

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2. Metodele psihologiei &XQRDWHUHD SVLKRORJLF VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ XWLOL]DUHDuQXL ODUJ UHSHUWRULX GH PHWRGH L SURFHGHH XS SR]L LD SH FDUH R DX ID GHIHQRPHQXOVWXGLDWPHWRGHOHSVLKRORJLHLOHvPSU LPvQGRXJUXSHSDVLYHLDFWLYH

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III. PRINCIPIILE METODOLOGICE ALE PSIHOLOGIEI

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a. determinismului (extern); b. UHOD LRQULLQHXUR-psihice; c. UHIOHFWULLLPRGHOULLLQIRUPD LRQDOH d. DF LXQLLLDOXQLW LLFRQWLLQ -activitate;

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e. JHQHWLFLDOLVWRULVmului; f. VLVWHPLFLW LL a. Principiul determinismului (extern LPSXQH REOLJDWLYLWDWHD DQDOL]HL L

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n sfera fenomenelor psihocomportamentale avem de a face cu un determinism PLMORFLW$FHDVWDvQVHDPQFDF LXQHDRULFUXLVWLPXOH[WHUQVHUHIUDFWLVHPRGLILFGHVWULOHLFRQGL LLle interne ale subiectului. Ca urmare, UHOD LDGLQWUHVWLPXOXOH[WHUQ6L UHDF LDGH UVSXQV 5QXHVWHGH WLSFDX]DOXQLYRFFLGH WLSSUREDELOLVW VWLPXOXOH[WHUQGDWQXGXFHvQPRGQHFRQGL LRQDWL LQYDULDQW ODSURGXFHUHDXQHLDLDFHOHLDLUHDF LL GH UVSXQV FL QXPDL FX R DQXPLW SUREDELOLWDWH H[LVWkQG SRVLELOLWDWHD FDVXELHFWXOVGHDLRDOWUHDF LHVDXFKLDUVQXUVSXQGGHORFvQIXQF LHGHVWDUHDOXLSVLKRIL]LRORJLF LQWHUQ OD PRPHQWXO UHVSHFWLY $VWIHO FRQFKLGHP F SURFHVHOH Lactele psihocomportamentale ale omului se nscriu n sfera unui determinism complex multivariat, pe care-l numim statistic.

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b) 3ULQFLSLXO UHOD LRQULL QHXURSVLKLFH impune necesitatea ca psihicul n vQWUHJXOVXLQFOXVLYIRUPDOXLVXSHULRDUGHPDQLIHVWDUHFRQWLLQ DXPDQVILHFRQVLGHUDW L GHILQLW FD IXQF LH D VLVWHPXOXL QHUYRV D FUHLHUXOXL 0HFDQLVPXOSURGXFHULLRULFUXLSURFHVSVLKLFGHODFHOPDLVLPSOXSkQODFHOPDLFRPSOH[HVWHGH QDWXU UHIOH[ ILLQG PHGLDW GH SURFHVH IL]LRORJLFH QHUYRDVH H[FLWD LH LQKLEL LHPRGXOUL DOH DPSOLWXGLQLL L IUHFYHQ HL LQIOX[XOXL QHUYRV HWF &UHLHUXO vQV QXJHQHUHD] SHUFHS LL LGHL WULUL HPR LRQDOH DWLWXGLQL HWF vQYLUWXWHD VLPSOHL VWUXFWXULFHOXODUH LQWHUQH D OXL FL QXPDL SH ED]D UHFHS LRQULL SUHOXFUULL L LQWHUSUHWULLstimulilor din afara sa. DiQSULQFLSLXO UHOD LRQULLQHXUR-SVLKLFHGHULYPDLGHSDUWHSULQFLSLXOXQLW LLGLDOHFWLFHDSVLKRORJLFXOXLLIL]LRORJLFXOXL3RWULYLWDFHVWXLDQLFLXQSURFHVSVLKLFQXVHSRDWHUHDOL]DIUXQDQXPLWDQVDPEOXGHWUDQVIRUPULLIHQRPHQHneurofiziologiFH VSHFLILFH LQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH JHQHWLF L FURQRORJLF IL]LRORJLFXOSUHFHGH L FRQGL LRQHD] SVLKRORJLFXO SVLKRORJLFXO SRVHG vQV FDUDFWHULVWLFL LGHWHUPLQD LL FDOLWDWLYH SURSULL GHYHQLQG LUHGXFWLELO OD IL]LRORJLF DWULEXWHOH GHVXELHFWLYLLGHDOVXQWDSOLFDELOHQXPDLSURFHVHORUSVLKLFHQXLFHORUIL]LRORJLFHFDUHDSDU LQIHQRPHQHORUVXEVWDQ LDO-HQHUJHWLFHRELHFWLYH3HPVXUFHVWUXFWXUDSVLKLFDLQGLYLGXOXLVHPDWXUL]HD]LVHFRQVROLGHD]HDFDSWRUHODWLYDXWRQRPLHID GHbaza fizioloJLF LQL LDO H[HUFLWkQG R LQIOXHQ DFWLY DVXSUD VWULL JHQHUDOH Dorganismului LQIOXHQ D SVLKRVRPDWLF FDUH IDFH SRVLELOH VXJHVWLD DXWRVXJHVWLD Lpsihoterapia.

c) 3ULQFLSLXO UHIOHFWULL L PRGHOULL LQIRUPD LRQDOH VW OD ED]D vQ HOHJHULLnaturii e[LVWHQ LDOHVDXDVWDWXWXOXLRQWRORJLFDOSVLKLFXOXL(OQHUVSXQGHDDGDUODvQWUHEDUHDvQFH IRUP VDXPRGDOLWDWHH[LVWSVLKLFXO"L UVSXQVXOYD ILSVLKLFXOH[LVWFDRIRUPSDUWLFXODUGHUHIOHFWDUHUHVSHFWLYUHIOHFWDUHGHVSH VXELHFWLYi LGHDO QRQVXEVWDQ LDO L FD LQIRUPD LH 3HUFHS LLOH UHSUH]HQWULOH QR LXQLOH FDUHDOFWXLHVF VFKHOHWXO LQWHOHFWXOXL DO FRQWLLQ HL VXQW vQ VLQH PRGHOH LQIRUPD LRQDOHLQWHUQH DOH OXFUXULORU IHQRPQHORU L VLWXD LLORU RELHFWLYH H[WHUQH )DSWXO F SVLhicul HVWHGHQDWXU UHIOHFWRULX-LQIRUPD LRQDO vODUJXPHQWPSULQDFHHDFHODDSUXWGLQ

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e) 3ULQFLSLXO JHQHWLF L DO LVWRULVPXOXL QH DUDW F SVLKLFXO QX WUHEXLHFRQVLGHUDW FD XQ GDW VDX FD FHYD SUHGHWHUPLQDW L LPXDELO FL FD FHYD GHYHQLW LHYROXWLY$WkWSVLKLFXO vQDQVDPEOXOVXFkWLGLIHULWHOHSrocese care-l compun au o JHQH]vQSODQILORJHQHWLFLVWRULFLvQSODQLQGLYLGXDORQWRJHQHWLF,GHQWLILFDUHDLGHVFULHUHD VWDGLLORU L IRUPHORU SH FDUH OH vPEUDF vQ ILHFDUH VWDGLX WUHEXLH VFRQVWLWXLH XQXO GLQ RELHFWLYHOH HVHQ LDOH DOH FHUFHWULL Ssihologice. Traiectoria GLQDPLFLLSVLKLFXOXL vQSODQ LQGLYLGXDO WLQGHVVHVXSUDSXQFXWUDLHFWRULDGLQDPLFLLRUJDQLVPXOXLSXQkQGvQHYLGHQ WUHLPDULVHJPHQWH

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17

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